H. Nakaoka, N. Suzuki, Y. Nakayama, K. Takaya, E. Todaka, Shinji Tanaka, K. Matsushita, C. Mori
The relationship between adverse health effects, including sensory irritation and decline in cognitive performance, and the exposure to indoor air pollutants has been considered inconclusive. This is possibly because the occurrence of relevant symptoms seems to largely depend on individual sensitivity and mental state. Therefore, further evaluation of the relationship between indoor environment and its related adverse health effects using subjective and objective data is required. In 2017, two new laboratory houses (LHs) were built on the campus of Chiba University (Japan) as part of a new project called the Chemiless Town Project, phase 3. This project aims to investigate the impact of the indoor environment on physical and mental health and to construct a healthy indoor environment. The interior and exterior appearances of the two LHs appear the same; however, the concentrations of chemicals inside them differ due to the differences in their construction and interior materials. The project commenced in November 2017 and will continue until 2021. In the project, approximately 400 participants will be recruited who will evaluate indoor air using sensory perception. The evaluation will be performed using objective methods, including monitoring brain waves and heart rate variability, and subjective methods, including completing self-reported questionnaires, while staying in each LH. Simultaneously, the indoor air samples of each laboratory will be collected and analysed. In 2017, 17 healthy female and 26 healthy male volunteers participated in the experiment. The median of sum concentrations of volatile organic compounds in the indoor air of each LH were 314 and 1674 μg/m3, respectively. No significant differences were found in terms of degrees of performance and relaxation of participants between the LHs. Additional research and analysis will be conducted with more participants to further examine the relationship between the indoor environment and related health effects.
不良健康影响(包括感觉刺激和认知能力下降)与暴露于室内空气污染物之间的关系被认为尚无定论。这可能是因为相关症状的发生似乎在很大程度上取决于个人的敏感性和精神状态。因此，需要利用主观和客观数据进一步评价室内环境及其相关不良健康影响之间的关系。2017年，在日本千叶大学(Chiba University)校园内建造了两座新的实验室房屋(LHs)，作为新项目“无化学城镇项目”(chemeless Town project)第三阶段的一部分。本项目旨在探讨室内环境对身心健康的影响，构建健康的室内环境。两个LHs的内部和外部外观看起来相同;然而，由于它们的结构和内部材料的不同，它们内部化学物质的浓度也不同。该项目于2017年11月开始，将持续到2021年。在这个项目中，将招募大约400名参与者，他们将用感官知觉来评估室内空气。评估将采用客观方法，包括监测脑电波和心率变异性，以及主观方法，包括完成自我报告的问卷，同时留在每个LH。同时，每个实验室的室内空气样本将被收集和分析。2017年，17名健康女性和26名健康男性志愿者参加了实验。各城市室内空气挥发性有机物总浓度中位数分别为314和1674 μg/m3。在LHs之间，没有发现参与者的表现程度和放松程度有显著差异。将有更多的参与者进行进一步的研究和分析，以进一步研究室内环境与相关健康影响之间的关系。
{"title":"A PRELIMINARY STUDY TO INVESTIGATE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDOOR ENVIRONMENT AND ITS EFFECT ON PHYSICAL AND MENTAL HEALTH","authors":"H. Nakaoka, N. Suzuki, Y. Nakayama, K. Takaya, E. Todaka, Shinji Tanaka, K. Matsushita, C. Mori","doi":"10.2495/AIR180531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/AIR180531","url":null,"abstract":"The relationship between adverse health effects, including sensory irritation and decline in cognitive performance, and the exposure to indoor air pollutants has been considered inconclusive. This is possibly because the occurrence of relevant symptoms seems to largely depend on individual sensitivity and mental state. Therefore, further evaluation of the relationship between indoor environment and its related adverse health effects using subjective and objective data is required. In 2017, two new laboratory houses (LHs) were built on the campus of Chiba University (Japan) as part of a new project called the Chemiless Town Project, phase 3. This project aims to investigate the impact of the indoor environment on physical and mental health and to construct a healthy indoor environment. The interior and exterior appearances of the two LHs appear the same; however, the concentrations of chemicals inside them differ due to the differences in their construction and interior materials. The project commenced in November 2017 and will continue until 2021. In the project, approximately 400 participants will be recruited who will evaluate indoor air using sensory perception. The evaluation will be performed using objective methods, including monitoring brain waves and heart rate variability, and subjective methods, including completing self-reported questionnaires, while staying in each LH. Simultaneously, the indoor air samples of each laboratory will be collected and analysed. In 2017, 17 healthy female and 26 healthy male volunteers participated in the experiment. The median of sum concentrations of volatile organic compounds in the indoor air of each LH were 314 and 1674 μg/m3, respectively. No significant differences were found in terms of degrees of performance and relaxation of participants between the LHs. Additional research and analysis will be conducted with more participants to further examine the relationship between the indoor environment and related health effects.","PeriodicalId":165416,"journal":{"name":"Air Pollution XXVI","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114020003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Volcanic ash can cause critical air pollution events and other impacts. Atmospheric transport models are pivotal for modeling volcanic ash dispersion. The Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) – the turbulent atmospheric bottom part which operates on scales that cannot be explicitly represented in models – strongly influences the dispersion of pollutants. We simulated the meteorology over Ecuador, using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF3.7.1) model with 7 PBL schemes: (1) Yonsei University (YSU); (2) Mellor-Yamada-Janjic (MYJ); (3) Hong and Pan (GFS); (5) MellorYamada Nakanishi and Niino Level 2.5 (MYNN2.5); (6) Boulac PBL (BL); and (7) Shin-Hong (SH). After, the meteorological outputs were ingested into the FALL3DV7.1.4 model to simulate ash dispersion and sedimentation from 4 eruptions (Tungurahua volcano: 16 Dec. 2012, 14 Jul. 2013 and 1 Feb. 2014) (Cotopaxi volcano: 14 Aug. 2015) which took place in Ecuador in the last 6 years. Modeled ash clouds were qualitative compared with ash clouds detected by the Washington VAAC. Modeled ash fallout quantities were compared with records from ash meters located on stations around these volcanoes. For all the eruptions and all the PBL schemes, the modeled ash clouds were fairly consistent with the detected. The MYJ PBL scheme provided the best performance (R2 ≥ 0.5 for all the eruptions) in modeling ash fallout quantities. In other assessments, MYJ is among the PBL schemes that provided better performances when modeling the dispersion of air pollutants. These results suggest the MYJ PBL scheme could be a good choice both for volcanic ash and air quality modeling in the Andean region of Ecuador.
{"title":"INFLUENCE OF BOUNDARY LAYER SCHEMES IN MODELING THE DISPERSION AND SEDIMENTATION OF VOLCANIC ASH IN ECUADOR","authors":"R. Parra","doi":"10.2495/AIR180081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/AIR180081","url":null,"abstract":"Volcanic ash can cause critical air pollution events and other impacts. Atmospheric transport models are pivotal for modeling volcanic ash dispersion. The Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) – the turbulent atmospheric bottom part which operates on scales that cannot be explicitly represented in models – strongly influences the dispersion of pollutants. We simulated the meteorology over Ecuador, using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF3.7.1) model with 7 PBL schemes: (1) Yonsei University (YSU); (2) Mellor-Yamada-Janjic (MYJ); (3) Hong and Pan (GFS); (5) MellorYamada Nakanishi and Niino Level 2.5 (MYNN2.5); (6) Boulac PBL (BL); and (7) Shin-Hong (SH). After, the meteorological outputs were ingested into the FALL3DV7.1.4 model to simulate ash dispersion and sedimentation from 4 eruptions (Tungurahua volcano: 16 Dec. 2012, 14 Jul. 2013 and 1 Feb. 2014) (Cotopaxi volcano: 14 Aug. 2015) which took place in Ecuador in the last 6 years. Modeled ash clouds were qualitative compared with ash clouds detected by the Washington VAAC. Modeled ash fallout quantities were compared with records from ash meters located on stations around these volcanoes. For all the eruptions and all the PBL schemes, the modeled ash clouds were fairly consistent with the detected. The MYJ PBL scheme provided the best performance (R2 ≥ 0.5 for all the eruptions) in modeling ash fallout quantities. In other assessments, MYJ is among the PBL schemes that provided better performances when modeling the dispersion of air pollutants. These results suggest the MYJ PBL scheme could be a good choice both for volcanic ash and air quality modeling in the Andean region of Ecuador.","PeriodicalId":165416,"journal":{"name":"Air Pollution XXVI","volume":"401 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124244618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Longhurst, J. Barnes, T. Chatterton, L. D. Vito, M. Everard, E. Hayes, E. Prestwood, Ben Williams
This presentation provides a high-level assessment of air pollution and its management viewed through the lens of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It contains • a short overview of the sparse literature, • an assessment of the impact of air pollution as a barrier to achieving the SDGs • an assessment of the enabling contribution of air quality management. • concluding observations and a call for further research.
{"title":"ANALYSING AIR POLLUTION AND ITS MANAGEMENT THROUGH THE LENS OF THE UN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS: A REVIEW AND ASSESSMENT","authors":"J. Longhurst, J. Barnes, T. Chatterton, L. D. Vito, M. Everard, E. Hayes, E. Prestwood, Ben Williams","doi":"10.2495/AIR180011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/AIR180011","url":null,"abstract":"This presentation provides a high-level assessment of air pollution and its management viewed through the lens of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). \u0000It contains \u0000• a short overview of the sparse literature, \u0000• an assessment of the impact of air pollution as a barrier to achieving the SDGs \u0000• an assessment of the enabling contribution of air quality management. \u0000• concluding observations and a call for further research.","PeriodicalId":165416,"journal":{"name":"Air Pollution XXVI","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122658098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Boleslav Zach, M. Pohořelý, M. Šyc, K. Svoboda, Šárka Václavková, J. Moško, J. Brynda, M. Puncochár
Waste to energy is nowadays in many countries preferred to landfilling. In areas with low population density, small-scale waste to energy plants can help to avoid large collection areas. However, in small scale, flue gas treatment is very expensive and, therefore, has to be for these purposes simplified. One of the possibilities for flue gas treatment simplification is the use of one reactor for removal of multiple pollutants. In an extreme case, it is possible to realise the removal of solid particles, acidic gases, selective catalytic reduction of NOx, and catalytic oxidation of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and furans. In case of suitable flue gas composition and suitable catalyst, it is possible to lower the operation temperature below 180°C, which could allow the use of activated carbon for mercury capture. However, finding the optimal conditions is a big challenge as they depend on flue gas composition, desired concentrations of pollutants in flue gas after cleaning, and used agents. These conditions can be, therefore, very different according to specific application. To be able to find good compromise conditions, the understanding of the influence of individual operation parameters on all considered processes is necessary. The experimental activity, conducted with real flue gas, was focused on dry sorption of acidic gases with emphasis on the possibility to use simultaneously other cleaning processes. The sorption was realised by sodium bicarbonate and sorbent particles were captured on ceramic filters forming a filter cake containing the sorbent. Different flue gas compositions, temperatures, and sorbent excesses were used. The flue gas composition was measured online and manually taken samples (absorption solutions) were analysed by ion chromatography. Particle size distribution was analysed by laser diffraction. The acquired data was used to assess the limits of simultaneous removal of various pollutants from flue gas in relation to flue gas composition.
{"title":"LIMITATIONS OF DRY FLUE GAS TREATMENT BY SODIUM BICARBONATE: THE INFLUENCE OF FLUE GAS COMPOSITION","authors":"Boleslav Zach, M. Pohořelý, M. Šyc, K. Svoboda, Šárka Václavková, J. Moško, J. Brynda, M. Puncochár","doi":"10.2495/AIR180551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/AIR180551","url":null,"abstract":"Waste to energy is nowadays in many countries preferred to landfilling. In areas with low population density, small-scale waste to energy plants can help to avoid large collection areas. However, in small scale, flue gas treatment is very expensive and, therefore, has to be for these purposes simplified. One of the possibilities for flue gas treatment simplification is the use of one reactor for removal of multiple pollutants. In an extreme case, it is possible to realise the removal of solid particles, acidic gases, selective catalytic reduction of NOx, and catalytic oxidation of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and furans. In case of suitable flue gas composition and suitable catalyst, it is possible to lower the operation temperature below 180°C, which could allow the use of activated carbon for mercury capture. However, finding the optimal conditions is a big challenge as they depend on flue gas composition, desired concentrations of pollutants in flue gas after cleaning, and used agents. These conditions can be, therefore, very different according to specific application. To be able to find good compromise conditions, the understanding of the influence of individual operation parameters on all considered processes is necessary. The experimental activity, conducted with real flue gas, was focused on dry sorption of acidic gases with emphasis on the possibility to use simultaneously other cleaning processes. The sorption was realised by sodium bicarbonate and sorbent particles were captured on ceramic filters forming a filter cake containing the sorbent. Different flue gas compositions, temperatures, and sorbent excesses were used. The flue gas composition was measured online and manually taken samples (absorption solutions) were analysed by ion chromatography. Particle size distribution was analysed by laser diffraction. The acquired data was used to assess the limits of simultaneous removal of various pollutants from flue gas in relation to flue gas composition.","PeriodicalId":165416,"journal":{"name":"Air Pollution XXVI","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124351714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of the paper is to analyze the data of air quality in the area of Slavonski Brod and Nova Gradiška and to test the differences between the groups of respondents in 2016 and 2017. According to the “wind indicators”, the areas of exposure to polluted air were defined as “less exposed” (438 subjects), “exposed” (450) from Slavonski Brod and “non-exposed area” (286) from town Nova Gradiska. Differences in categorical indicators between groups were calculated by the hi-squared test. Research has shown statistically significant difference in the characteristics of “How healthy is your environment?” (2017) (unexposed subjects, p=0.042) and “Do you believe that polluted air harms your health?” (2017) (less exposed subjects, p=0.01), ie, a significant difference was found in additional features of air – odor/stench, soot or smoke, smog and dust (p<0.001).There were also statistically significant differences in the characteristics “assessment of quality of life” (p=0.027), “environmental health” (p<0.001) and “harmfulness of polluted air on health” (p<0.001) (“exposed” and “nonexposed” group). Due to limited size of research sample and its frequency of certain individual states and phenomena, strength of research tests in some cases may be limited due to that fact, and therefore these research results should be interpreted with some caution.
{"title":"ANALYSIS OF INDICATORS OF QUALITY OF LIFE DUE TO AIR POLLUTION IN SLAVONSKI BROD, CROATIA","authors":"I. Igor, Cvitković Ante","doi":"10.2495/AIR180541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/AIR180541","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the paper is to analyze the data of air quality in the area of Slavonski Brod and Nova Gradiška and to test the differences between the groups of respondents in 2016 and 2017. According to the “wind indicators”, the areas of exposure to polluted air were defined as “less exposed” (438 subjects), “exposed” (450) from Slavonski Brod and “non-exposed area” (286) from town Nova Gradiska. Differences in categorical indicators between groups were calculated by the hi-squared test. Research has shown statistically significant difference in the characteristics of “How healthy is your environment?” (2017) (unexposed subjects, p=0.042) and “Do you believe that polluted air harms your health?” (2017) (less exposed subjects, p=0.01), ie, a significant difference was found in additional features of air – odor/stench, soot or smoke, smog and dust (p<0.001).There were also statistically significant differences in the characteristics “assessment of quality of life” (p=0.027), “environmental health” (p<0.001) and “harmfulness of polluted air on health” (p<0.001) (“exposed” and “nonexposed” group). Due to limited size of research sample and its frequency of certain individual states and phenomena, strength of research tests in some cases may be limited due to that fact, and therefore these research results should be interpreted with some caution.","PeriodicalId":165416,"journal":{"name":"Air Pollution XXVI","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131111772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lorenzo Fileni, G. Matteucci, G. Passerini, U. Rizza
The dispersion of air pollutants such as Ammonia (NH3) and Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S) emitted by a municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) was studied for a period of over one year. The main intent was to support the environmental impact assessment focusing on the diffusion of annoying odours over surrounding areas during the regular activity of the sewage treatment facility. The adopted methodology consists in comparing, in three test cases, the performance of the Gaussian plume model AERMOD, an American Meteorological Society and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Regulatory Model, against the performance of the 3-D Lagrangian model AUSTAL2000, a German Dispersion Model developed according to the Technical Instructions on Air Quality Control. Both models were run over a domain of about 30km2 made of hilly zones and located in the centre-eastern Italy. Ten sources of airborne pollutants, located along the sludge treatment line and considered as area sources, were taken into account. The diffuse emissions associated with odour production within WWTP were estimated considering the pollutant emission factors suggested by the American Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The test cases included different emission scenarios deriving from three different operative plant configurations set in order to investigate the most impacting one. The results show a good agreement between the two model outputs since the annual average for NH3 and H2S are almost equivalent. These concentrations are below the legal limits while the highest values, measured at closest receptors, are beneath the odour perceptibility thresholds. Some noteworthy differences concern the AERMOD distribution maps that show a sort of pollutant stagnation over complex topography areas, especially in valleys, and a farer allocation of the highest pollutants levels from the source, while the AUSTAL2000 model is more biased to distribute the highest values closer to the sources.
{"title":"ANALYSIS OF AIR POLLUTANT EMISSIONS IN A WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT USING DISPERSION MODELS","authors":"Lorenzo Fileni, G. Matteucci, G. Passerini, U. Rizza","doi":"10.2495/AIR180211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/AIR180211","url":null,"abstract":"The dispersion of air pollutants such as Ammonia (NH3) and Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S) emitted by a municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) was studied for a period of over one year. The main intent was to support the environmental impact assessment focusing on the diffusion of annoying odours over surrounding areas during the regular activity of the sewage treatment facility. The adopted methodology consists in comparing, in three test cases, the performance of the Gaussian plume model AERMOD, an American Meteorological Society and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Regulatory Model, against the performance of the 3-D Lagrangian model AUSTAL2000, a German Dispersion Model developed according to the Technical Instructions on Air Quality Control. Both models were run over a domain of about 30km2 made of hilly zones and located in the centre-eastern Italy. Ten sources of airborne pollutants, located along the sludge treatment line and considered as area sources, were taken into account. The diffuse emissions associated with odour production within WWTP were estimated considering the pollutant emission factors suggested by the American Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The test cases included different emission scenarios deriving from three different operative plant configurations set in order to investigate the most impacting one. The results show a good agreement between the two model outputs since the annual average for NH3 and H2S are almost equivalent. These concentrations are below the legal limits while the highest values, measured at closest receptors, are beneath the odour perceptibility thresholds. Some noteworthy differences concern the AERMOD distribution maps that show a sort of pollutant stagnation over complex topography areas, especially in valleys, and a farer allocation of the highest pollutants levels from the source, while the AUSTAL2000 model is more biased to distribute the highest values closer to the sources.","PeriodicalId":165416,"journal":{"name":"Air Pollution XXVI","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127022306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Kitagawa, E. G. S. Nascimento, Noéle Bissoli Perini Souza, Silva Júnior, T. Albuquerque, D. Moreira
Considering the fact that the exposure to polluted air has been associated with adverse health effects, it is important to look into the air pollution in urban areas. To evaluate the impact of emissions on the air quality in the Metropolitan Region of Salvador (MRS) in the Northeast region of Brazil, simulations using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) and the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) models were applied. The region’s choice was due to the fact that, although Salvador is the 3rd most populated city in Brazil and its metropolitan area is the 7th most populated one, there is a lack of scientific studies about regional air quality and air pollution dispersion, especially in terms of photochemical regional impact assessment of pollutants in this urban area. The aim of this work was to assess the impact of atmospheric pollutants (NOx and SO2) over the MRS from stacks held in a petrochemical complex that lies within this metropolitan site. The emissions rates were based on another study since there is no official emissions inventory available for the region. Moreover, as there were no pollutant measurement data to be compared, a qualitative analysis was conducted. The results showed the importance of the application of the state of the art in the computational atmospheric modeling field in order to assess the air quality of the MRS.
{"title":"EVALUATION OF THE CHEMICAL TRANSPORT OF AIR POLLUTANTS IN THE METROPOLITAN REGION OF SALVADOR, BRAZIL","authors":"Y. Kitagawa, E. G. S. Nascimento, Noéle Bissoli Perini Souza, Silva Júnior, T. Albuquerque, D. Moreira","doi":"10.2495/AIR180481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/AIR180481","url":null,"abstract":"Considering the fact that the exposure to polluted air has been associated with adverse health effects, it is important to look into the air pollution in urban areas. To evaluate the impact of emissions on the air quality in the Metropolitan Region of Salvador (MRS) in the Northeast region of Brazil, simulations using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) and the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) models were applied. The region’s choice was due to the fact that, although Salvador is the 3rd most populated city in Brazil and its metropolitan area is the 7th most populated one, there is a lack of scientific studies about regional air quality and air pollution dispersion, especially in terms of photochemical regional impact assessment of pollutants in this urban area. The aim of this work was to assess the impact of atmospheric pollutants (NOx and SO2) over the MRS from stacks held in a petrochemical complex that lies within this metropolitan site. The emissions rates were based on another study since there is no official emissions inventory available for the region. Moreover, as there were no pollutant measurement data to be compared, a qualitative analysis was conducted. The results showed the importance of the application of the state of the art in the computational atmospheric modeling field in order to assess the air quality of the MRS.","PeriodicalId":165416,"journal":{"name":"Air Pollution XXVI","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125625437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Climate change is one of today’s most relevant themes and an absolute priority in all human activities. The first step in contrasting climate change was advanced in 1994 with the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) has calculated that aviation’s total CO2 emissions account for 2% of global emissions, and aviation is responsible for 12% of CO2 emissions from all transport sources. The Aviation industry is strongly committed to the effort to reduce CO2 emissions. In 2008, leaders from all sectors of the aviation industry signed the world’s first global transport sector climate agreement. Three main ambitious goals of carbon emission reduction in next few years were identified, and a wide variety of activities have been planned to cap carbon emissions from aviation at 2020 levels. In October 2016, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) adopted the Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA) whereby airlines and other operators will offset any growth in CO2 emissions above 2020 levels. As regards to airport emissions, the Airport Council International adopted the Airport Carbon Accreditation (ACA), that is an independent, voluntary, common framework which airports may adopt for measuring, reporting and reducing carbon emissions, with the ultimate goal of becoming carbon neutral. Naples International Airport joined the ACA in 2012 and is currently certified at Level 3/Optimization. The airport has mapped all of its carbon emission sources and has estimated the emissions on a yearly base. Thanks to the adoption of a Quality, Safety and Environmental Policy, the implementation of a specific Carbon Management Plan and a Stakeholders Engagement Plan, the Airport was able to attain a decreasing trend of carbon emissions and step closer to the ultimate target of becoming carbon-neutral.
{"title":"NAPLES INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT AND AIRPORT CARBON ACCREDITATION (ACA)","authors":"G. Attanasio","doi":"10.2495/AIR180431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/AIR180431","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change is one of today’s most relevant themes and an absolute priority in all human activities. The first step in contrasting climate change was advanced in 1994 with the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) has calculated that aviation’s total CO2 emissions account for 2% of global emissions, and aviation is responsible for 12% of CO2 emissions from all transport sources. The Aviation industry is strongly committed to the effort to reduce CO2 emissions. In 2008, leaders from all sectors of the aviation industry signed the world’s first global transport sector climate agreement. Three main ambitious goals of carbon emission reduction in next few years were identified, and a wide variety of activities have been planned to cap carbon emissions from aviation at 2020 levels. In October 2016, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) adopted the Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA) whereby airlines and other operators will offset any growth in CO2 emissions above 2020 levels. As regards to airport emissions, the Airport Council International adopted the Airport Carbon Accreditation (ACA), that is an independent, voluntary, common framework which airports may adopt for measuring, reporting and reducing carbon emissions, with the ultimate goal of becoming carbon neutral. Naples International Airport joined the ACA in 2012 and is currently certified at Level 3/Optimization. The airport has mapped all of its carbon emission sources and has estimated the emissions on a yearly base. Thanks to the adoption of a Quality, Safety and Environmental Policy, the implementation of a specific Carbon Management Plan and a Stakeholders Engagement Plan, the Airport was able to attain a decreasing trend of carbon emissions and step closer to the ultimate target of becoming carbon-neutral.","PeriodicalId":165416,"journal":{"name":"Air Pollution XXVI","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130435619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
According to a recent study of WHO, Coyhaique, a small city in the south of Chile is the most polluted city in South America. With 70,000 habitants, the reasons for the high PM2.5 concentrations in the city area during fall and winter are: topographic situation, stable atmospheric conditions and intense use of wood stoves for heating. During 2016, the 24h moving average exceeded 170 micrograms per cubic meter for 63 days. A neural network model that uses previous values of PM2.5, meteorological information and previous concentrations of NO2 and CO as input, which is trained with 2014 and 2015 data, is able to forecast 91% of these exceedances. This forecasting is very useful in order to alert the population and to motivate the authorities to take actions to control the emissions.
{"title":"PM2.5 FORECASTING IN THE MOST POLLUTED CITY IN SOUTH AMERICA","authors":"P. Perez, C. Menares, Camilo Ramirez","doi":"10.2495/AIR180181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/AIR180181","url":null,"abstract":"According to a recent study of WHO, Coyhaique, a small city in the south of Chile is the most polluted city in South America. With 70,000 habitants, the reasons for the high PM2.5 concentrations in the city area during fall and winter are: topographic situation, stable atmospheric conditions and intense use of wood stoves for heating. During 2016, the 24h moving average exceeded 170 micrograms per cubic meter for 63 days. A neural network model that uses previous values of PM2.5, meteorological information and previous concentrations of NO2 and CO as input, which is trained with 2014 and 2015 data, is able to forecast 91% of these exceedances. This forecasting is very useful in order to alert the population and to motivate the authorities to take actions to control the emissions.","PeriodicalId":165416,"journal":{"name":"Air Pollution XXVI","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129969537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. S. Nagendra, Anju Elizbath Peter, J. Menon, A. B. Akolkar
The morphological and elemental characteristics of ambient particulate matter (PM) collected at two contrasting Indian cities were investigated. Single particle analysis by scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive spectroscopy was carried out on the PM collected at residential, commercial and industrial sites in Delhi and Chennai cities during winter and monsoon seasons. The more diversity in morphological and elemental composition of PM in Delhi city was observed as compared to Chennai city revealed the complexity in source characteristics. The trans-boundary pollution sources were also found to be a major contributor in Delhi city. Mineral particles with a mixed origin of crustal and anthropogenic sources were identified as most abundant species in ambient air, irrespective of types of sampling locations. Even though combustion borne particles were found to be dominant in both the cities, their characteristics were entirely different. The meteorological conditions were also having a profound influence on particle morphology. Source apportionment of PM by UNMIX model indicated that biomass burning and coal combustion (30%) and re-suspension of traffic induced crustal elements (19%) to be the dominant source contributors in Delhi. Vehicular emissions and sea salt spray (30%), biomass and garbage burning (20%) were the identified potential source contributors to PM in Chennai. The present study indicated that source-based abatement strategies will be helpful to abate the present particulate pollution faced by Indian cities.
{"title":"MICROANALYSIS AND SOURCE APPORTIONMENT OF PARTICULATE EMISSIONS FROM ANTHROPOGENIC SOURCES IN TWO INDIAN CITIES","authors":"S. S. Nagendra, Anju Elizbath Peter, J. Menon, A. B. Akolkar","doi":"10.2495/AIR180051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/AIR180051","url":null,"abstract":"The morphological and elemental characteristics of ambient particulate matter (PM) collected at two contrasting Indian cities were investigated. Single particle analysis by scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive spectroscopy was carried out on the PM collected at residential, commercial and industrial sites in Delhi and Chennai cities during winter and monsoon seasons. The more diversity in morphological and elemental composition of PM in Delhi city was observed as compared to Chennai city revealed the complexity in source characteristics. The trans-boundary pollution sources were also found to be a major contributor in Delhi city. Mineral particles with a mixed origin of crustal and anthropogenic sources were identified as most abundant species in ambient air, irrespective of types of sampling locations. Even though combustion borne particles were found to be dominant in both the cities, their characteristics were entirely different. The meteorological conditions were also having a profound influence on particle morphology. Source apportionment of PM by UNMIX model indicated that biomass burning and coal combustion (30%) and re-suspension of traffic induced crustal elements (19%) to be the dominant source contributors in Delhi. Vehicular emissions and sea salt spray (30%), biomass and garbage burning (20%) were the identified potential source contributors to PM in Chennai. The present study indicated that source-based abatement strategies will be helpful to abate the present particulate pollution faced by Indian cities.","PeriodicalId":165416,"journal":{"name":"Air Pollution XXVI","volume":"6 8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123739591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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