A. Delanoë, V. Séguin, V. André, S. Gente, P. Vérité, Edwige Votier, E. Richard, V. Bouchart, Margot Delfour, N. Heutte, D. Garon
The deterioration of houses and indoor air quality caused by moisture and molds is a major health and economic concern in many countries. In 2009, the World Health Organization published a report that highlighted moisture problems in 10 to 50% of European homes. Damp indoor conditions lead to growth of microorganisms which can be released into the air. Airborne molds represent a significant part of these bioaerosols and are able to produce mycotoxins that may cause various adverse effects such as cytotoxicity or genotoxicity. This study follows 3 objectives: 1) characterization of airborne molds and selection of relevant microbiological indicators for monitoring air quality; 2) study of the toxicity of bioaerosols and molds collected from bioaerosols; 3) determination of the effects of climatic factors on fungal growth and mycotoxins production. Bioaerosols were collected in mold-damaged homes selected by local partners and then analyzed for their microbial composition (quantification of molds, endotoxins and glucans) and their toxicological properties (cytotoxicity on lung and skin cells). A questionnaire for assessing the health impact and the habits of residents was also systematically completed. Airborne mold concentrations ranged from 16.7 to 361,000 cfu/m3 and showed a fungal diversity ranging from 4 to 20 species per home. Aspergillus versicolor and Penicillium chrysogenum were the most recurrent species in bioaerosols. Fungal isolates belonging to the Aspergillus genus were tested in vitro for their ability to produce mycotoxins. Among them, sterigmatocystin and gliotoxin were found in A. versicolor and A. fumigatus cultures, respectively. The toxicological approach showed that some bioaerosols induce cytotoxic effects. This study was supported by the Conseil Régional de Normandie, the Agence Régionale de Santé de Normandie (ARS) and the Agence de l’Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l’Energie (ADEME).
在许多国家，潮湿和霉菌造成的房屋和室内空气质量恶化是一个主要的健康和经济问题。2009年，世界卫生组织(World Health Organization)发布了一份报告，强调10%至50%的欧洲家庭存在潮湿问题。潮湿的室内环境会导致微生物的生长，这些微生物会被释放到空气中。空气传播的霉菌是这些生物气溶胶的重要组成部分，能够产生可能引起各种不良影响的真菌毒素，如细胞毒性或遗传毒性。本研究的目标有三个:1)空气中霉菌的特征和相关微生物指标的选择，以监测空气质量;2)研究生物气溶胶和从生物气溶胶中收集的霉菌的毒性;3)确定气候因素对真菌生长和真菌毒素产生的影响。在当地合作伙伴选择的霉菌受损房屋中收集生物气溶胶，然后分析其微生物组成(霉菌，内毒素和葡聚糖的定量)及其毒理学特性(对肺和皮肤细胞的细胞毒性)。还系统地完成了评估居民健康影响和生活习惯的问卷调查。空气中霉菌浓度为16.7 ~ 361,000 cfu/m3，真菌多样性为4 ~ 20种/户。彩色曲霉和青霉菌是生物气溶胶中最常见的菌种。属于曲霉属的真菌分离株在体外测试了它们产生真菌毒素的能力。其中，异色曲霉(A. versicolor)和烟曲霉(A. fumigatus)培养物中分别检出sterigmatocystin和胶质毒素。毒理学方法表明，一些生物气溶胶可诱导细胞毒性作用。这项研究得到了诺曼底再生组织、诺曼底再生组织和环境与能源组织的支持。
{"title":"BIOAEROSOLS EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT IN MOLD-DAMAGED HOUSES IN NORMANDY, FRANCE","authors":"A. Delanoë, V. Séguin, V. André, S. Gente, P. Vérité, Edwige Votier, E. Richard, V. Bouchart, Margot Delfour, N. Heutte, D. Garon","doi":"10.2495/AIR180291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/AIR180291","url":null,"abstract":"The deterioration of houses and indoor air quality caused by moisture and molds is a major health and economic concern in many countries. In 2009, the World Health Organization published a report that highlighted moisture problems in 10 to 50% of European homes. Damp indoor conditions lead to growth of microorganisms which can be released into the air. Airborne molds represent a significant part of these bioaerosols and are able to produce mycotoxins that may cause various adverse effects such as cytotoxicity or genotoxicity. This study follows 3 objectives: 1) characterization of airborne molds and selection of relevant microbiological indicators for monitoring air quality; 2) study of the toxicity of bioaerosols and molds collected from bioaerosols; 3) determination of the effects of climatic factors on fungal growth and mycotoxins production. Bioaerosols were collected in mold-damaged homes selected by local partners and then analyzed for their microbial composition (quantification of molds, endotoxins and glucans) and their toxicological properties (cytotoxicity on lung and skin cells). A questionnaire for assessing the health impact and the habits of residents was also systematically completed. Airborne mold concentrations ranged from 16.7 to 361,000 cfu/m3 and showed a fungal diversity ranging from 4 to 20 species per home. Aspergillus versicolor and Penicillium chrysogenum were the most recurrent species in bioaerosols. Fungal isolates belonging to the Aspergillus genus were tested in vitro for their ability to produce mycotoxins. Among them, sterigmatocystin and gliotoxin were found in A. versicolor and A. fumigatus cultures, respectively. The toxicological approach showed that some bioaerosols induce cytotoxic effects. This study was supported by the Conseil Régional de Normandie, the Agence Régionale de Santé de Normandie (ARS) and the Agence de l’Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l’Energie (ADEME).","PeriodicalId":165416,"journal":{"name":"Air Pollution XXVI","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124761491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Anisimov, Anastasiya Burakova, E. Magaril, R. Magaril, D. Chainikov, D. Panepinto, E. Rada, M. Zanetti
,
，
{"title":"CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION: HYPOTHESIS-FORMULATION AND ANALYSIS OF INTERVENTIONS","authors":"I. Anisimov, Anastasiya Burakova, E. Magaril, R. Magaril, D. Chainikov, D. Panepinto, E. Rada, M. Zanetti","doi":"10.2495/AIR180361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/AIR180361","url":null,"abstract":",","PeriodicalId":165416,"journal":{"name":"Air Pollution XXVI","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126288871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Gigauri, Leila V. Gverdtsiteli, A. Surmava, L. Intskirveli
Dust distribution of the industrial town of Zestafoni located in the complex territory of Georgia in case of basic meteorological situations and stationary pollution sources is studied with the use of regional model of atmospheric process development in the Caucasus and non-stationary threedimensional equation of transfer-diffusion of passive admixtures. Distribution patterns of dust dissipated in the atmosphere are obtained at different levels from the surface. It is shown that dust dissipated from cities in the atmosphere is basically concentrated in the boundary layer. Maximum values of dust concentration are obtained in the lower 100 m of surface air layer. Spatial dust distribution region increases and concentration decreases along with height increase. An influence of local orography on the pollution cloud is investigated. During a background western light air Likhi and Racha ridges impede dust transfer to the east and cause dust cloud deformation. Dust spreads along the valleys of Kvirila and Chkherimela rivers located between the ridges. In the case of gentle and fresh breezes the impact of local orography on the dust dispersion process is insignificant. Dust is basically transferred in the direction of background flows. The zone of influence of industrial town dust on the environmental pollution is determined. A width of this area varies from 5 to 20 km in dependence of the background wind velocity. Kinematics of dust propagation is studied. It is determined that in 2–100 m layer of atmosphere the process of turbulent diffusion takes precedence in the process of dust spreading. From 100 m to 1 km the processes of diffusive and advective transfers are identical, while above 1 km the preference is given to advective transfer.
{"title":"NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF INDUSTRIAL DUST DISTRIBUTION IN THE TERRITORY OF ZESTAFONI, GEORGIA","authors":"N. Gigauri, Leila V. Gverdtsiteli, A. Surmava, L. Intskirveli","doi":"10.2495/AIR180111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/AIR180111","url":null,"abstract":"Dust distribution of the industrial town of Zestafoni located in the complex territory of Georgia in case of basic meteorological situations and stationary pollution sources is studied with the use of regional model of atmospheric process development in the Caucasus and non-stationary threedimensional equation of transfer-diffusion of passive admixtures. Distribution patterns of dust dissipated in the atmosphere are obtained at different levels from the surface. It is shown that dust dissipated from cities in the atmosphere is basically concentrated in the boundary layer. Maximum values of dust concentration are obtained in the lower 100 m of surface air layer. Spatial dust distribution region increases and concentration decreases along with height increase. An influence of local orography on the pollution cloud is investigated. During a background western light air Likhi and Racha ridges impede dust transfer to the east and cause dust cloud deformation. Dust spreads along the valleys of Kvirila and Chkherimela rivers located between the ridges. In the case of gentle and fresh breezes the impact of local orography on the dust dispersion process is insignificant. Dust is basically transferred in the direction of background flows. The zone of influence of industrial town dust on the environmental pollution is determined. A width of this area varies from 5 to 20 km in dependence of the background wind velocity. Kinematics of dust propagation is studied. It is determined that in 2–100 m layer of atmosphere the process of turbulent diffusion takes precedence in the process of dust spreading. From 100 m to 1 km the processes of diffusive and advective transfers are identical, while above 1 km the preference is given to advective transfer.","PeriodicalId":165416,"journal":{"name":"Air Pollution XXVI","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132996346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elizabeth Magaña-Villegas, S. Ramos-Herrera, Irving Iván Salvador-Torres, Jesús Manuel Carrera-Velueta, R. Bautista-Margulis
Indoor air quality in academic areas has become of vital importance in high educational institutions worldwide. This is very important since students spend a substantial time in such common areas. The current objective of this investigation was to evaluate the air pollutant levels in two common areas (coffee shop and library) at the Juarez Autonomous University of Tabasco, Mexico. The study consisted in monitoring carbon monoxide (CO) and particulate material (PM10) concentration regarding the carbon dioxide (CO2), temperature (T) and relative humidity (RH). From the indoor air measurements, lineal regression models were also obtained to explain the CO2, CO and PM10 behaviour as a function of the temperature and relative humidity. The hourly average of PM10, CO and CO2 were computed to evaluate the air quality and indoor comfort level based on EPA, WHO and ASHRAE (the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers) regulations. At the coffee shop, the CO concentration levels were found to be exceeded according to the air quality standards established by WHO. For both library and coffee shop, the mean hourly values of CO2 and temperature exceeded the maximum values recommended by ASHRAE as comfort levels. Concerning the relative humidity in the library, values of 60 % were recorded exceeding the maximum levels established by ASHRAE. Finally, the current results revealed that temperature and relative humidity played an important role for bacteria growth, indicating its presence for indoor ambient spaces, under similar ambient conditions.
{"title":"INDOOR AIR QUALITY MODELLING ON UNIVERSITY BUILDINGS IN TABASCO, MEXICO","authors":"Elizabeth Magaña-Villegas, S. Ramos-Herrera, Irving Iván Salvador-Torres, Jesús Manuel Carrera-Velueta, R. Bautista-Margulis","doi":"10.2495/AIR180281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/AIR180281","url":null,"abstract":"Indoor air quality in academic areas has become of vital importance in high educational institutions worldwide. This is very important since students spend a substantial time in such common areas. The current objective of this investigation was to evaluate the air pollutant levels in two common areas (coffee shop and library) at the Juarez Autonomous University of Tabasco, Mexico. The study consisted in monitoring carbon monoxide (CO) and particulate material (PM10) concentration regarding the carbon dioxide (CO2), temperature (T) and relative humidity (RH). From the indoor air measurements, lineal regression models were also obtained to explain the CO2, CO and PM10 behaviour as a function of the temperature and relative humidity. The hourly average of PM10, CO and CO2 were computed to evaluate the air quality and indoor comfort level based on EPA, WHO and ASHRAE (the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers) regulations. At the coffee shop, the CO concentration levels were found to be exceeded according to the air quality standards established by WHO. For both library and coffee shop, the mean hourly values of CO2 and temperature exceeded the maximum values recommended by ASHRAE as comfort levels. Concerning the relative humidity in the library, values of 60 % were recorded exceeding the maximum levels established by ASHRAE. Finally, the current results revealed that temperature and relative humidity played an important role for bacteria growth, indicating its presence for indoor ambient spaces, under similar ambient conditions.","PeriodicalId":165416,"journal":{"name":"Air Pollution XXVI","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133444444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. P. Sánchez, M. Sánchez-Guijarro, F. Sánchez-Soberón, J. Rovira, J. Sierra, M. Schuhmacher, M. Rosell, A. Soler
In the framework of UltraPAR project (Assessing the Exposure and the Health Effects of Ambient Fine and Ultrafine Particles in areas of intensive industrial activity) the outdoor air quality of 12 schools in Tarragona (Catalonia, Spain) was monitored in winter 2016–2017. High volume air samplers equipped with quartz filters were used for sampling airborne particulate matter equal or smaller than 10, 2.5, and 1 μm (known as PM10, PM2.5, and PM1 respectively). These ambient samples together with some sources samples (harbour, industrial complexes, incinerator and road traffic) were chemically, mineralogically, and isotopically characterized and it is expected to help assessing the contribution of different emission sources. Preliminary results show that the maximum PM concentrations reached 37 μg/m3 for PM1, 30 μg/m3 for PM2.5 and 54 μg/m3 for PM10 while the lead content varies in the range of 10 to 13 ng/m3. Through XRD and SEM the marine aerosol influence is confirmed in this coastal city. The carbon isotopic signatures of the different PM sizes could be a potential tracer of its origin (mineral vs combustion sources). These findings were also compared with recent and older environmental data from other studies in similar cities or specifically in this zone to explore its consistency and possible temporal variations.
{"title":"PARTICULATE MATTER SOURCE APPORTIONMENT IN COMPLEX URBAN AND INDUSTRIAL CITIES: THE CASE OF TARRAGONA, SPAIN","authors":"E. P. Sánchez, M. Sánchez-Guijarro, F. Sánchez-Soberón, J. Rovira, J. Sierra, M. Schuhmacher, M. Rosell, A. Soler","doi":"10.2495/AIR180471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/AIR180471","url":null,"abstract":"In the framework of UltraPAR project (Assessing the Exposure and the Health Effects of Ambient Fine and Ultrafine Particles in areas of intensive industrial activity) the outdoor air quality of 12 schools in Tarragona (Catalonia, Spain) was monitored in winter 2016–2017. High volume air samplers equipped with quartz filters were used for sampling airborne particulate matter equal or smaller than 10, 2.5, and 1 μm (known as PM10, PM2.5, and PM1 respectively). These ambient samples together with some sources samples (harbour, industrial complexes, incinerator and road traffic) were chemically, mineralogically, and isotopically characterized and it is expected to help assessing the contribution of different emission sources. Preliminary results show that the maximum PM concentrations reached 37 μg/m3 for PM1, 30 μg/m3 for PM2.5 and 54 μg/m3 for PM10 while the lead content varies in the range of 10 to 13 ng/m3. Through XRD and SEM the marine aerosol influence is confirmed in this coastal city. The carbon isotopic signatures of the different PM sizes could be a potential tracer of its origin (mineral vs combustion sources). These findings were also compared with recent and older environmental data from other studies in similar cities or specifically in this zone to explore its consistency and possible temporal variations.","PeriodicalId":165416,"journal":{"name":"Air Pollution XXVI","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116373492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vanda Éva Molnár, B. Tóthmérész, S. Szabó, E. Simon
Air pollution has a large impact on the biochemical and morphological parameters of plants, and also decreases their growth and overall health. Therefore, biomonitoring is a reliable and cost-effective method to assess air quality. The tolerance of plant species can be assessed with the use of Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI), which is calculated from ascorbic acid content, relative water content, leaf extract pH, and total leaf chlorophyll content of tree leaves. In this study, we reviewed published studies from several countries around the world about APTI. Performance of APTI was also evaluated comparing industrial, roadside and urban areas. In our work, APTI of Tilia sp. and Celtis occidentalis were used and evaluated in Debrecen city, Hungary. Leaf samples were collected from 12 areas in the city. Similar to earlier studies, ascorbic acid content was determined by titration with iodine solution. Chlorophyll was extracted from leaf samples with ethanol, and it was measured using spectrophotometric analysis. Relative water content was measured by the weight method. Comparison of selected studies showed that China and India are the most polluted countries and they had plant species with the highest APTI values. Lowest APTI was reported from Iran which is one of most airpolluted regions in the world. In Hungary, APTI was moderate compared to other countries. The tolerance of plant species at different study sites decreased in the following order: industrial > roadside > urban areas. This suggests the best conditions for sensitive species’ development and growth in urban areas, while the presence of industrial activities in certain areas demands higher tolerance from plants.
{"title":"POLLUTION ASSESSMENT IN URBAN AREAS USING AIR POLLUTION TOLERANCE INDEX OF TREE SPECIES","authors":"Vanda Éva Molnár, B. Tóthmérész, S. Szabó, E. Simon","doi":"10.2495/AIR180341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/AIR180341","url":null,"abstract":"Air pollution has a large impact on the biochemical and morphological parameters of plants, and also decreases their growth and overall health. Therefore, biomonitoring is a reliable and cost-effective method to assess air quality. The tolerance of plant species can be assessed with the use of Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI), which is calculated from ascorbic acid content, relative water content, leaf extract pH, and total leaf chlorophyll content of tree leaves. In this study, we reviewed published studies from several countries around the world about APTI. Performance of APTI was also evaluated comparing industrial, roadside and urban areas. In our work, APTI of Tilia sp. and Celtis occidentalis were used and evaluated in Debrecen city, Hungary. Leaf samples were collected from 12 areas in the city. Similar to earlier studies, ascorbic acid content was determined by titration with iodine solution. Chlorophyll was extracted from leaf samples with ethanol, and it was measured using spectrophotometric analysis. Relative water content was measured by the weight method. Comparison of selected studies showed that China and India are the most polluted countries and they had plant species with the highest APTI values. Lowest APTI was reported from Iran which is one of most airpolluted regions in the world. In Hungary, APTI was moderate compared to other countries. The tolerance of plant species at different study sites decreased in the following order: industrial > roadside > urban areas. This suggests the best conditions for sensitive species’ development and growth in urban areas, while the presence of industrial activities in certain areas demands higher tolerance from plants.","PeriodicalId":165416,"journal":{"name":"Air Pollution XXVI","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121695239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One of the most influential factors on human health is air pollution, such as the concentration of PM10 and PM2.5 is a damage to a human. Despite the growing interest in air pollution in Korea, it is difficult to obtain accurate information due to the lack of air pollution measuring stations at the place where the user is located. Deep learning is a type of machine learning method has drawn a lot of academic and industrial interest. In this paper, we proposed a deep learning approach for the air pollution prediction in South Korea. We use Stacked Autoencoders model for learning and training data. The experiment results show the performance of the air pollution prediction system and model that proposed.
{"title":"AIR POLLUTION PREDICTION SYSTEM USING DEEP LEARNING","authors":"Thanongsak Xayasouk, Hwamin Lee","doi":"10.2495/AIR180071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/AIR180071","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most influential factors on human health is air pollution, such as the concentration of PM10 and PM2.5 is a damage to a human. Despite the growing interest in air pollution in Korea, it is difficult to obtain accurate information due to the lack of air pollution measuring stations at the place where the user is located. Deep learning is a type of machine learning method has drawn a lot of academic and industrial interest. In this paper, we proposed a deep learning approach for the air pollution prediction in South Korea. We use Stacked Autoencoders model for learning and training data. The experiment results show the performance of the air pollution prediction system and model that proposed.","PeriodicalId":165416,"journal":{"name":"Air Pollution XXVI","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124718033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A semi-stochastic, statistical reduction method for chemical kinetic schemes based on the ant colony optimization method, is developed for atmospheric chemistry simulations. The prime application is coupled dynamic and chemistry models for simulation of the dispersion and reactivity of chemical species on street scale, i.e. the modelling of urban air pollution in street canyons. The method is designed so that it will optimize the reduction process for any simulation case, as given by user-specific inputs, such as initial concentrations of reactive species, temperature, humidity, residence time, and solar radiation. These inputs will correspond to, or be deduced from, actual variables such as season, time-of-day, geographic location, proximity to volatile organic carbon or nitrogen oxides sources (e.g. forests, roads, industry, harbours etc.) and their source strengths, weather, composition of vehicle fleet, and traffic load inside the street canyon. The method is evaluated against three box model case studies (laboratory and atmospheric simulations) previously described in the literature. The method reduces the mechanism sizes with 62.5%, 84.7%, and 97.7% respectively, retaining the average accuracy for the prediction of the target compound (O3, NO2, and NO) concentrations by 94.1%, 90.3%, and 91.2% respectively. These preliminary results illustrate the potential for the method. Further developments, such as inclusion of lumping or short-cutting of reaction paths, can be considered.
{"title":"TAILORED CHEMICAL MECHANISMS FOR SIMULATION OF URBAN AIR POLLUTION","authors":"L. Joelsson, C. Pichler, E. Nilsson","doi":"10.2495/AIR180151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/AIR180151","url":null,"abstract":"A semi-stochastic, statistical reduction method for chemical kinetic schemes based on the ant colony optimization method, is developed for atmospheric chemistry simulations. The prime application is coupled dynamic and chemistry models for simulation of the dispersion and reactivity of chemical species on street scale, i.e. the modelling of urban air pollution in street canyons. The method is designed so that it will optimize the reduction process for any simulation case, as given by user-specific inputs, such as initial concentrations of reactive species, temperature, humidity, residence time, and solar radiation. These inputs will correspond to, or be deduced from, actual variables such as season, time-of-day, geographic location, proximity to volatile organic carbon or nitrogen oxides sources (e.g. forests, roads, industry, harbours etc.) and their source strengths, weather, composition of vehicle fleet, and traffic load inside the street canyon. The method is evaluated against three box model case studies (laboratory and atmospheric simulations) previously described in the literature. The method reduces the mechanism sizes with 62.5%, 84.7%, and 97.7% respectively, retaining the average accuracy for the prediction of the target compound (O3, NO2, and NO) concentrations by 94.1%, 90.3%, and 91.2% respectively. These preliminary results illustrate the potential for the method. Further developments, such as inclusion of lumping or short-cutting of reaction paths, can be considered.","PeriodicalId":165416,"journal":{"name":"Air Pollution XXVI","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124885692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Schiavon, M. Ragazzi, E. Rada, E. Magaril, V. Torretta
This paper presents an overview of various situations that may lead to critical levels of human exposure to different air pollutants and that are often underestimated by the people and the environmental legislation. After an overview on indoor activities that contribute to generate high levels of exposure to particulate matter, inorganic and organic pollutants (including carcinogenic compounds), the paper focuses on outdoor critical contexts that are not adequately considered by the legislation and by the environmental agencies, such as petrol filling stations, urban street canyons, arterial roads, road tunnel portals and remote areas characterised by high ozone concentrations. The paper presents specific activities that require additional control by the legislation, due to the associated high potential impacts on the resident population. Such activities are steel production, mechanical-biological treatments of waste, wood burning, poultry breeding, cement production and waste incineration. Finally, the paper presents proposals for a more sustainable management of air quality and human exposure, e.g. improvements in the conventional monitoring approach, stricter or new emission limit values for some activities and precise information to the people on the risks for health and on good practices in indoor environments.
{"title":"TOWARDS THE SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF AIR QUALITY AND HUMAN EXPOSURE: EXEMPLARY CASE STUDIES","authors":"M. Schiavon, M. Ragazzi, E. Rada, E. Magaril, V. Torretta","doi":"10.2495/AIR180451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/AIR180451","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an overview of various situations that may lead to critical levels of human exposure to different air pollutants and that are often underestimated by the people and the environmental legislation. After an overview on indoor activities that contribute to generate high levels of exposure to particulate matter, inorganic and organic pollutants (including carcinogenic compounds), the paper focuses on outdoor critical contexts that are not adequately considered by the legislation and by the environmental agencies, such as petrol filling stations, urban street canyons, arterial roads, road tunnel portals and remote areas characterised by high ozone concentrations. The paper presents specific activities that require additional control by the legislation, due to the associated high potential impacts on the resident population. Such activities are steel production, mechanical-biological treatments of waste, wood burning, poultry breeding, cement production and waste incineration. Finally, the paper presents proposals for a more sustainable management of air quality and human exposure, e.g. improvements in the conventional monitoring approach, stricter or new emission limit values for some activities and precise information to the people on the risks for health and on good practices in indoor environments.","PeriodicalId":165416,"journal":{"name":"Air Pollution XXVI","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127502448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Sentian, Mohamad Arshad Jemain, D. Gabda, Herman Franky, Jackson Chang Hian Wui
Particulate matter (PM10) is an important pollutant particularly in urban environments in Malaysia. In addition, the level of this pollutant was also seasonally significant in most parts of Malaysia, and therefore concern of its effect towards human health is relevant and crucial. Based on a long-term series of PM10 measurement at 20 monitoring locations in Malaysia, this study analysed the spatial and temporal characteristics of PM10 from 1997 to 2015 using standard deviation ellipse and trend analyses. Satellite data and HYSPLIT model were applied to investigate the seasonal potential sources of the pollutant. Results show that annual PM10 average concentrations were greatly varied with large coefficient variation. In term of trend analysis, 11 monitoring sites had shown significant but small decreasing trends. Meanwhile, 7 monitoring sites had shown no significant trends and only 2 monitoring sites showed increasing trends. Trajectory analysis using the HYSPLIT model for the investigation of potential sources of pollutant has shown that high pollution levels of PM10 in Malaysia corresponded to the biomass burning in neighbouring countries. During the southwest monsoon, high PM levels were observed in the central and southern parts of Peninsular Malaysia and Malaysian Borneo, which corresponded to the biomass burning in Indonesia. Based on the long-term analysis, PM10 pollution in Malaysia was characterised by transboundary pollution as well as local sources, especially in urban areas. Despite the recognition of small but significant decreasing trends of PM10 pollution over long-term period, special attention need to be focused on short-term pollution episode, particularly related to transboundary pollution during extreme weather condition such as El Niño event to ensure that human health on a wider population is protected.
{"title":"LONG-TERM TRENDS AND POTENTIAL ASSOCIATED SOURCES OF PARTICULATE MATTER (PM10) POLLUTION IN MALAYSIA","authors":"J. Sentian, Mohamad Arshad Jemain, D. Gabda, Herman Franky, Jackson Chang Hian Wui","doi":"10.2495/AIR180571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/AIR180571","url":null,"abstract":"Particulate matter (PM10) is an important pollutant particularly in urban environments in Malaysia. In addition, the level of this pollutant was also seasonally significant in most parts of Malaysia, and therefore concern of its effect towards human health is relevant and crucial. Based on a long-term series of PM10 measurement at 20 monitoring locations in Malaysia, this study analysed the spatial and temporal characteristics of PM10 from 1997 to 2015 using standard deviation ellipse and trend analyses. Satellite data and HYSPLIT model were applied to investigate the seasonal potential sources of the pollutant. Results show that annual PM10 average concentrations were greatly varied with large coefficient variation. In term of trend analysis, 11 monitoring sites had shown significant but small decreasing trends. Meanwhile, 7 monitoring sites had shown no significant trends and only 2 monitoring sites showed increasing trends. Trajectory analysis using the HYSPLIT model for the investigation of potential sources of pollutant has shown that high pollution levels of PM10 in Malaysia corresponded to the biomass burning in neighbouring countries. During the southwest monsoon, high PM levels were observed in the central and southern parts of Peninsular Malaysia and Malaysian Borneo, which corresponded to the biomass burning in Indonesia. Based on the long-term analysis, PM10 pollution in Malaysia was characterised by transboundary pollution as well as local sources, especially in urban areas. Despite the recognition of small but significant decreasing trends of PM10 pollution over long-term period, special attention need to be focused on short-term pollution episode, particularly related to transboundary pollution during extreme weather condition such as El Niño event to ensure that human health on a wider population is protected.","PeriodicalId":165416,"journal":{"name":"Air Pollution XXVI","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125346727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：