C. D. Marco, A. Boselli, A. D’Anna, G. Perillo, A. Sannino, Gaetano Sasso, M. Sirignano, N. Spinelli, Xuan Wang
A coordinate measurement approach using remote sensing and near surface instruments has been carried out in the Campania region of Italy with the aim to understand as the anthropogenic sources linked to urban activities (waste disposal, vehicle traffic, and domestic heating) can influence the values of airborne particulate matter (PM) measured at ground in this area. The measurement systems used for the experimental campaign are based on different physical principles in order to gain more information about the nature of PM. In particular, traditional sensors based on gravimetric measurements were used together with an Electrical Low-Pressure Impactor to have near surface information about the total mass, the main fractions and the size distribution of PM. A Doppler Lidar system was used to obtain vertical profile of wind speed and direction and a portable Lidar system in elastic configuration was used to have real time information on atmospheric particles optical properties with high spatial and temporal resolution. The combination of measurements from optical remote sensing and advanced in situ instrumentation produced a significant increase in the knowledge of particulate matter, its sources and the processes in which it is involved. In particular, this work highlights the capability of the Lidar approach to expand the knowledge of PM evolution in the atmosphere with respect to other stationary measurement techniques, potentially paving the road to new air quality monitoring systems.
{"title":"COORDINATED MULTIPARAMETRIC CHARACTERIZATION OF ATMOSPHERIC PARTICULATE IN THE CAMPANIA REGION OF ITALY","authors":"C. D. Marco, A. Boselli, A. D’Anna, G. Perillo, A. Sannino, Gaetano Sasso, M. Sirignano, N. Spinelli, Xuan Wang","doi":"10.2495/AIR180581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/AIR180581","url":null,"abstract":"A coordinate measurement approach using remote sensing and near surface instruments has been carried out in the Campania region of Italy with the aim to understand as the anthropogenic sources linked to urban activities (waste disposal, vehicle traffic, and domestic heating) can influence the values of airborne particulate matter (PM) measured at ground in this area. The measurement systems used for the experimental campaign are based on different physical principles in order to gain more information about the nature of PM. In particular, traditional sensors based on gravimetric measurements were used together with an Electrical Low-Pressure Impactor to have near surface information about the total mass, the main fractions and the size distribution of PM. A Doppler Lidar system was used to obtain vertical profile of wind speed and direction and a portable Lidar system in elastic configuration was used to have real time information on atmospheric particles optical properties with high spatial and temporal resolution. The combination of measurements from optical remote sensing and advanced in situ instrumentation produced a significant increase in the knowledge of particulate matter, its sources and the processes in which it is involved. In particular, this work highlights the capability of the Lidar approach to expand the knowledge of PM evolution in the atmosphere with respect to other stationary measurement techniques, potentially paving the road to new air quality monitoring systems.","PeriodicalId":165416,"journal":{"name":"Air Pollution XXVI","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124076501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nurit Shaham-Waldmann, Danny Moshe, N. Sahar, A. Gertler
The Orot Rabin power plant is a 2,590 MW coal-fired power plant located along the Mediterranean coast north of Tel Aviv. Close by to the east is the city of Hadera. Due to the predominant east-west wind patterns, both Hadera and the nearby communities may be impacted by stack emissions from the power plant. In addition, on-site storage of coal and coal residue can be a source of fugitive PM emissions. To determine the sources contributing to elevated PM10 levels in the region, a source apportionment study was performed at two locations (Hephziba and Pardes-Channa) during August/October 2017. We applied a microscopic chemical imaging (MCI) methodology based on particle fluorescence to determine PM source contributions in near-real time (GreenVision Systems, Ltd., Tel Aviv, “GVS”). For the Hephziba monitoring site, located closest to the power plant and adjacent to a major highway, the major emissions sources were mobile sources (29.8%) and coal power plant emissions (29.1%). In addition, fugitive coal and coal residue were estimated to contribute 11.5% of the observed PM10. At the Pardes-Channa site, located further inland and in a more residential area, contributors included mobile sources (38.6%), coal power plant emissions (19.3%), and fugitive coal and coal residue (2.7%). These results indicate the significant impact of the power plant on observed PM10 in the region, with the nearby site also experiencing a major contribution from fugitive emissions from the facility. keywords: PM10, source apportionment, air pollution, fugitive emissions.
Orot Rabin发电厂是一座2590兆瓦的燃煤发电厂，位于特拉维夫以北的地中海沿岸。靠近东面的是哈德拉市。由于主要的东西风模式，Hadera和附近的社区都可能受到发电厂烟囱排放的影响。此外，现场储存的煤和煤渣可能是挥发性PM排放的一个来源。为了确定导致该地区PM10水平升高的来源，2017年8月/ 10月在两个地点(Hephziba和Pardes-Channa)进行了来源分配研究。我们应用了基于粒子荧光的微观化学成像(MCI)方法来近实时地确定PM源的贡献(GreenVision Systems, Ltd.， Tel Aviv，“GVS”)。Hephziba监测点距离电厂最近，靠近主要公路，主要排放源为移动源(29.8%)和燃煤电厂排放(29.1%)。此外，估计逸散煤和煤渣贡献了观测到的PM10的11.5%。在Pardes-Channa站点，位于更远的内陆和更多的居民区，排放源包括移动源(38.6%)，燃煤电厂排放(19.3%)，逸散煤和煤渣(2.7%)。这些结果表明，该电厂对该地区观测到的PM10产生了重大影响，附近的站点也经历了该设施逃逸排放的主要贡献。关键词:PM10;源解析;大气污染;
{"title":"THE IMPACT OF EMISSIONS FROM A LARGE COAL-FIRED POWER PLANT ON NEARBY COMMUNITIES IN THE HADERA REGION, ISRAEL","authors":"Nurit Shaham-Waldmann, Danny Moshe, N. Sahar, A. Gertler","doi":"10.2495/AIR180561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/AIR180561","url":null,"abstract":"The Orot Rabin power plant is a 2,590 MW coal-fired power plant located along the Mediterranean coast north of Tel Aviv. Close by to the east is the city of Hadera. Due to the predominant east-west wind patterns, both Hadera and the nearby communities may be impacted by stack emissions from the power plant. In addition, on-site storage of coal and coal residue can be a source of fugitive PM emissions. To determine the sources contributing to elevated PM10 levels in the region, a source apportionment study was performed at two locations (Hephziba and Pardes-Channa) during August/October 2017. We applied a microscopic chemical imaging (MCI) methodology based on particle fluorescence to determine PM source contributions in near-real time (GreenVision Systems, Ltd., Tel Aviv, “GVS”). For the Hephziba monitoring site, located closest to the power plant and adjacent to a major highway, the major emissions sources were mobile sources (29.8%) and coal power plant emissions (29.1%). In addition, fugitive coal and coal residue were estimated to contribute 11.5% of the observed PM10. At the Pardes-Channa site, located further inland and in a more residential area, contributors included mobile sources (38.6%), coal power plant emissions (19.3%), and fugitive coal and coal residue (2.7%). These results indicate the significant impact of the power plant on observed PM10 in the region, with the nearby site also experiencing a major contribution from fugitive emissions from the facility. keywords: PM10, source apportionment, air pollution, fugitive emissions.","PeriodicalId":165416,"journal":{"name":"Air Pollution XXVI","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130559728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The San Francisco Bay Area in California is home to over 7 million people, many of whom live in communities that experience elevated levels of toxic air contaminants due to their relative proximity to industrial and mobile sources of air pollution. The Bay Area Air Quality Management District (Air District), the regional air pollution control agency delegated to govern for the San Francisco Bay Area, has been working to reduce these toxic air contaminant levels over the past decade through the implementation of our Community Air Risk Evaluation (CARE) program. The CARE program is our framework for identifying areas within the region with worse-than-average air quality impacts. It combines science-based analysis of air quality disparities and a more collaborative style of community engagement. It has been used to establish targeted incentive programs and expanded stationary source regulations that strive to reduce health risks for our most socioeconomically vulnerable populations. The Air District is now embarking on a renewed effort to eliminate these risks by incorporating more recent air quality and population data into our analysis, by using new provisional strategies to enhance monitoring and modeling, by targeting regulations for large industrial sources of toxic air contaminants and creating additional incentives to clean up mobile sources of diesel particulate matter. This article describes these past and ongoing efforts and specific measures being taken to ultimately eliminate disparities in air pollution in the Bay Area.
{"title":"REDUCING DISPARITIES WITHIN A REGION: NEW APPROACHES FOR IDENTIFYING AND ELIMINATING DISPARITIES IN AIR POLLUTION IN SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA COMMUNITIES","authors":"Jack P. Broadbent","doi":"10.2495/AIR180421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/AIR180421","url":null,"abstract":"The San Francisco Bay Area in California is home to over 7 million people, many of whom live in communities that experience elevated levels of toxic air contaminants due to their relative proximity to industrial and mobile sources of air pollution. The Bay Area Air Quality Management District (Air District), the regional air pollution control agency delegated to govern for the San Francisco Bay Area, has been working to reduce these toxic air contaminant levels over the past decade through the implementation of our Community Air Risk Evaluation (CARE) program. The CARE program is our framework for identifying areas within the region with worse-than-average air quality impacts. It combines science-based analysis of air quality disparities and a more collaborative style of community engagement. It has been used to establish targeted incentive programs and expanded stationary source regulations that strive to reduce health risks for our most socioeconomically vulnerable populations. The Air District is now embarking on a renewed effort to eliminate these risks by incorporating more recent air quality and population data into our analysis, by using new provisional strategies to enhance monitoring and modeling, by targeting regulations for large industrial sources of toxic air contaminants and creating additional incentives to clean up mobile sources of diesel particulate matter. This article describes these past and ongoing efforts and specific measures being taken to ultimately eliminate disparities in air pollution in the Bay Area.","PeriodicalId":165416,"journal":{"name":"Air Pollution XXVI","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128549300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Use of small air quality sensors is very popular during last few years not only in research but also in public sector. From scientific point of view there are possibilities to cover larger area in air quality monitoring by adding small and easy affordable sensors into the reference measurement networks. Such an application of sensors can be very useful for identifying new hotspots or for development of finescale air quality modelling. Nevertheless, there are some limits for real-time outdoor monitoring that must be considered – higher detection limits and weak possibility to deal with non-standard conditions (low temperatures or high air humidity). Therefore, it is very important to be careful with data postprocessing and data interpretation to not get misleading air quality information. Despite a few independent studies and tests of different types of small sensors have been already done (by universities, companies and also by EU Reference Laboratories), the standardized procedure for testing and verifying the data quality has not yet been developed. Sharing the field-measurement experience with different sensors and the data correction methods is therefore crucial. Here we provide results from test measurement of set of electrochemical Cairclip sensors (Cairpol, FR) for SO2, NO2, O3/NO2 and CO during summer (in year 2015) and winter period (2017/2018). The best performance both in comparison between pairs and also between sensors and reference monitors (RM) was found out in combined O3/NO2 Cairclip sensor. Nevertheless, the association of sensor’s measured data with sum of O3 and NO2 measured by RM was much better in summer (R2 = 0.88) than in winter period (R2 = 0.31). Based on the known effect of air temperature and humidity on sensors data quality, we further applied some corrections based on dew point deficit (Td deficit). In this way verified data showed significant improvement in relationship with RM data (R2 = 0.88 with improved slope in summer and R2 = 0.58 in winter). Although the quality of sensor’s measurement can be influenced by many factors at once and further research is needed to resolve all uncertainties, the simple corrections based on the most critical meteorological factors can be very effective.
{"title":"SMALL AIR QUALITY SENSORS: IN VIVO TESTING OF ELECTROCHEMICAL CAIRPOL SENSORS IN COMPARISON TO REFERENCE MEASUREMENT","authors":"P. Bauerová, Zbyněk Novák, Š. Rychlík, J. Keder","doi":"10.2495/AIR180321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/AIR180321","url":null,"abstract":"Use of small air quality sensors is very popular during last few years not only in research but also in public sector. From scientific point of view there are possibilities to cover larger area in air quality monitoring by adding small and easy affordable sensors into the reference measurement networks. Such an application of sensors can be very useful for identifying new hotspots or for development of finescale air quality modelling. Nevertheless, there are some limits for real-time outdoor monitoring that must be considered – higher detection limits and weak possibility to deal with non-standard conditions (low temperatures or high air humidity). Therefore, it is very important to be careful with data postprocessing and data interpretation to not get misleading air quality information. Despite a few independent studies and tests of different types of small sensors have been already done (by universities, companies and also by EU Reference Laboratories), the standardized procedure for testing and verifying the data quality has not yet been developed. Sharing the field-measurement experience with different sensors and the data correction methods is therefore crucial. Here we provide results from test measurement of set of electrochemical Cairclip sensors (Cairpol, FR) for SO2, NO2, O3/NO2 and CO during summer (in year 2015) and winter period (2017/2018). The best performance both in comparison between pairs and also between sensors and reference monitors (RM) was found out in combined O3/NO2 Cairclip sensor. Nevertheless, the association of sensor’s measured data with sum of O3 and NO2 measured by RM was much better in summer (R2 = 0.88) than in winter period (R2 = 0.31). Based on the known effect of air temperature and humidity on sensors data quality, we further applied some corrections based on dew point deficit (Td deficit). In this way verified data showed significant improvement in relationship with RM data (R2 = 0.88 with improved slope in summer and R2 = 0.58 in winter). Although the quality of sensor’s measurement can be influenced by many factors at once and further research is needed to resolve all uncertainties, the simple corrections based on the most critical meteorological factors can be very effective.","PeriodicalId":165416,"journal":{"name":"Air Pollution XXVI","volume":"116 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129178789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. de Vito, T. Chatterton, A. Namdeo, S. M. Shiva Nagendra, S. Gulia, Sanjiv Goyal, M. Bell, P. Goodman, J. Longhurst, E. Hayes, Rakesh Kumar, V. Sethi, Sengupta B. Gitakrishanan Ramadurai, S. Majumder, J. Menon, M. Turamari, J. Barnes
Delhi National Capital Region (Delhi NCR) is facing serious challenges linked to worrying levels of air pollution (mainly NO2, PM10 and PM2.5). The CADTIME prject (Clean Air in Delhi through Implementation, Mitigation and Engagement) aims to understand what is required to deliver significant reductions in levels of air pollution. This paper presents the results of the first stage of the project: it firstly contextualises the challenges of air quality management in Delhi within the broader evolution of environmental policies and governance in India, with particular consideration to the tensions between environmental protection and the country’s development objectives. Secondly, it sets out how CADTIME will combine multiple source qualitative and quantitative data to develop an air quality action plan and an implementation strategy. In particular, through two workshops with local and national experts and stakeholders, and two rounds of focus groups with citizens of Delhi we will contrast stakeholders’ priorities and preferences for existing and potential solutions to air pollution with citizens’ lived experiences, thus assessing the political/technical feasibility and public acceptability of current and proposed measures. Furthermore, we will complement the primary qualitative data with a critical review examining the successes and failures of UK and European policies to draw lessons that can be relevant for Delhi and to avoid ineffective policies and achieve cost-effective solutions for the city in the shortest possible time.
{"title":"AIR POLLUTION IN DELHI: A REVIEW OF PAST AND CURRENT POLICY APPROACHES","authors":"L. de Vito, T. Chatterton, A. Namdeo, S. M. Shiva Nagendra, S. Gulia, Sanjiv Goyal, M. Bell, P. Goodman, J. Longhurst, E. Hayes, Rakesh Kumar, V. Sethi, Sengupta B. Gitakrishanan Ramadurai, S. Majumder, J. Menon, M. Turamari, J. Barnes","doi":"10.2495/AIR180411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/AIR180411","url":null,"abstract":"Delhi National Capital Region (Delhi NCR) is facing serious challenges linked to worrying levels of \u0000air pollution (mainly NO2, PM10 and PM2.5). The CADTIME prject (Clean Air in Delhi through \u0000Implementation, Mitigation and Engagement) aims to understand what is required to deliver significant \u0000reductions in levels of air pollution. This paper presents the results of the first stage of the project: it \u0000firstly contextualises the challenges of air quality management in Delhi within the broader evolution of \u0000environmental policies and governance in India, with particular consideration to the tensions between \u0000environmental protection and the country’s development objectives. Secondly, it sets out how \u0000CADTIME will combine multiple source qualitative and quantitative data to develop an air quality \u0000action plan and an implementation strategy. In particular, through two workshops with local and \u0000national experts and stakeholders, and two rounds of focus groups with citizens of Delhi we will \u0000contrast stakeholders’ priorities and preferences for existing and potential solutions to air pollution with \u0000citizens’ lived experiences, thus assessing the political/technical feasibility and public acceptability of \u0000current and proposed measures. Furthermore, we will complement the primary qualitative data with a \u0000critical review examining the successes and failures of UK and European policies to draw lessons that \u0000can be relevant for Delhi and to avoid ineffective policies and achieve cost-effective solutions for the \u0000city in the shortest possible time.","PeriodicalId":165416,"journal":{"name":"Air Pollution XXVI","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117012187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Barnes, L. D. Vito, E. Hayes, N. Guàrdia, J. Estève, I. Kamp
The scope of the work requested under this specific contract is to provide a report/assessment text that may be directly incorporated into EEA’s 2018 report exploring the linkages between socioeconomic status (SES) in Europe and exposure to air and noise pollution, as well as to climate-related impacts. More specifically, this report builds on the findings of the 2016 Science for Environment Policy (SEP) report to provide an updated qualitative review of the latest evidence and state of knowledge regarding the role of SES in determining exposure, susceptibility and vulnerability to air pollution and noise, documenting research that explores the multiple factors and drivers that can lie behind these linkages. This review has identified and synthesised evidence from a wide range of sources in response to the objectives set by the EEA and covers evidence relating to at least 18 of the EEA-33 countries. The conclusions presented here explicitly identify where this review confirms, contradicts or adds to the conclusions of the SEP report.
{"title":"QUALITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF LINKS BETWEEN EXPOSURE TO NOISE AND AIR POLLUTION AND SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS","authors":"J. Barnes, L. D. Vito, E. Hayes, N. Guàrdia, J. Estève, I. Kamp","doi":"10.2495/AIR180021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/AIR180021","url":null,"abstract":"The scope of the work requested under this specific contract is to provide a report/assessment text that may be directly incorporated into EEA’s 2018 report exploring the linkages between socioeconomic status (SES) in Europe and exposure to air and noise pollution, as well as to climate-related impacts. More specifically, this report builds on the findings of the 2016 Science for Environment Policy (SEP) report to provide an updated qualitative review of the latest evidence and state of knowledge regarding the role of SES in determining exposure, susceptibility and vulnerability to air pollution and noise, documenting research that explores the multiple factors and drivers that can lie behind these linkages. This review has identified and synthesised evidence from a wide range of sources in response to the objectives set by the EEA and covers evidence relating to at least 18 of the EEA-33 countries. The conclusions presented here explicitly identify where this review confirms, contradicts or adds to the conclusions of the SEP report.","PeriodicalId":165416,"journal":{"name":"Air Pollution XXVI","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126352223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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