Pub Date : 1992-06-01DOI: 10.1109/MWSYM.1992.188284
Michael B. Steed, Steven B. Goldbergt, Glenn Rime, Paul D. Franzont, Iwona Turlikt, Jeff, Kastent
The through-line (TL) method is introduced to replace the through-reflect-line (TRL) deembedding procedure. TL utilizes measurements of two lengths of line following approximate open-short-line calibration. TL accounts for the frequency-dependent characteristic impedance of the line and avoids the periodic glitches inherent in the TRL procedure.<>
{"title":"Introducing the through-line deembedding procedure","authors":"Michael B. Steed, Steven B. Goldbergt, Glenn Rime, Paul D. Franzont, Iwona Turlikt, Jeff, Kastent","doi":"10.1109/MWSYM.1992.188284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSYM.1992.188284","url":null,"abstract":"The through-line (TL) method is introduced to replace the through-reflect-line (TRL) deembedding procedure. TL utilizes measurements of two lengths of line following approximate open-short-line calibration. TL accounts for the frequency-dependent characteristic impedance of the line and avoids the periodic glitches inherent in the TRL procedure.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":165665,"journal":{"name":"1992 IEEE Microwave Symposium Digest MTT-S","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122373134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-06-01DOI: 10.1109/MWSYM.1992.188236
O. Gandhi, J. Chen, C. Furse
A weakness of the FDTD (finite-difference, time-domain) method is that dispersion of the dielectric properties of the scattering/absorption body is often ignored and frequency-independent properties are generally taken. While this is not a disadvantage for continuous-wave or narrowband irradiation, the results thus obtained may be higher erroneous for short pulses where ultrawide bandwidths are involved. A differential equation approach was developed. It can be used for general dispersive media for which in *( omega ) and mu *( omega ) may be expressible in terms of ration functions, or for human tissues where multiterm Debye relaxation equations must generally be used. The method is illustrated by means of one- and three-dimensional examples of media for which in *( omega ) is given by a multiterm Debye equation and for a dispersive model of the human body.<>
{"title":"A frequency-dependent FDTD method for induced-current calculations for a heterogeneous model of the human body","authors":"O. Gandhi, J. Chen, C. Furse","doi":"10.1109/MWSYM.1992.188236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSYM.1992.188236","url":null,"abstract":"A weakness of the FDTD (finite-difference, time-domain) method is that dispersion of the dielectric properties of the scattering/absorption body is often ignored and frequency-independent properties are generally taken. While this is not a disadvantage for continuous-wave or narrowband irradiation, the results thus obtained may be higher erroneous for short pulses where ultrawide bandwidths are involved. A differential equation approach was developed. It can be used for general dispersive media for which in *( omega ) and mu *( omega ) may be expressible in terms of ration functions, or for human tissues where multiterm Debye relaxation equations must generally be used. The method is illustrated by means of one- and three-dimensional examples of media for which in *( omega ) is given by a multiterm Debye equation and for a dispersive model of the human body.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":165665,"journal":{"name":"1992 IEEE Microwave Symposium Digest MTT-S","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126788785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-06-01DOI: 10.1109/MWSYM.1992.188164
B. Hughes, Andrea Pierenrico Ferrero, A. Cognata
A novel integrated test system that accurately measures on-wafer S-parameters, power levels, load-pull contours and harmonics over 1 to 50 GHz is presented. The system measures power and S-parameters with single contact measurements and integrated hardware. There are two keys to this system: first, the network analyzer samplers are used as frequency-selective power meters with large dynamic ranges; second, all measurements are vector-corrected to the device under test reference planes. The capabilities and accuracy were demonstrated by measuring the power at the fundamental frequency and four harmonic frequencies of a 50-GHz traveling wave amplifier and the load-pull contours of a MODFET at 30 GHz.<>
{"title":"Accurate on-wafer power and harmonic measurements of MM-wave amplifiers and devices","authors":"B. Hughes, Andrea Pierenrico Ferrero, A. Cognata","doi":"10.1109/MWSYM.1992.188164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSYM.1992.188164","url":null,"abstract":"A novel integrated test system that accurately measures on-wafer S-parameters, power levels, load-pull contours and harmonics over 1 to 50 GHz is presented. The system measures power and S-parameters with single contact measurements and integrated hardware. There are two keys to this system: first, the network analyzer samplers are used as frequency-selective power meters with large dynamic ranges; second, all measurements are vector-corrected to the device under test reference planes. The capabilities and accuracy were demonstrated by measuring the power at the fundamental frequency and four harmonic frequencies of a 50-GHz traveling wave amplifier and the load-pull contours of a MODFET at 30 GHz.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":165665,"journal":{"name":"1992 IEEE Microwave Symposium Digest MTT-S","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126889742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-06-01DOI: 10.1109/MWSYM.1992.188073
J. L. Freeman, S. Ray, D. West, A. Thompson
The authors describe two simple microwave switches controlled by a weak optical beam. They are suitable for connecting microwave elements where electrical bias is not possible. Results from two devices are presented: a surface-depleted, gateless, optical FET; and a FET controlled by an integrated photovoltaic diode. Insertion losses of 3 dB and isolations of 20 dB were obtained up to 5.6 GHz with an optical power of 1 mW.<>
{"title":"Optoelectronic devices for unbiased microwave switching","authors":"J. L. Freeman, S. Ray, D. West, A. Thompson","doi":"10.1109/MWSYM.1992.188073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSYM.1992.188073","url":null,"abstract":"The authors describe two simple microwave switches controlled by a weak optical beam. They are suitable for connecting microwave elements where electrical bias is not possible. Results from two devices are presented: a surface-depleted, gateless, optical FET; and a FET controlled by an integrated photovoltaic diode. Insertion losses of 3 dB and isolations of 20 dB were obtained up to 5.6 GHz with an optical power of 1 mW.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":165665,"journal":{"name":"1992 IEEE Microwave Symposium Digest MTT-S","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126008096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-06-01DOI: 10.1109/MWSYM.1992.188288
M. Meehan, P. Draxler, L.C. Henning
A method for first-pass MMIC (monolithic microwave integrated circuit) design success is presented. The power of statistical design and modeling is combined with that of circuit-level electromagnetic simulation in a CAD (computer-aided-design) system, providing the ultimate means for predicting production success. The performance of the proposed CAD system is verified by comparing simulated and actual statistical response characteristics of a three-stage, 7-11-GHz low-noise-amplifier GaAs MMIC.<>
{"title":"Combining yield optimization with circuit level electromagnetic simulation (MMIC design)","authors":"M. Meehan, P. Draxler, L.C. Henning","doi":"10.1109/MWSYM.1992.188288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSYM.1992.188288","url":null,"abstract":"A method for first-pass MMIC (monolithic microwave integrated circuit) design success is presented. The power of statistical design and modeling is combined with that of circuit-level electromagnetic simulation in a CAD (computer-aided-design) system, providing the ultimate means for predicting production success. The performance of the proposed CAD system is verified by comparing simulated and actual statistical response characteristics of a three-stage, 7-11-GHz low-noise-amplifier GaAs MMIC.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":165665,"journal":{"name":"1992 IEEE Microwave Symposium Digest MTT-S","volume":"16 9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126088643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-06-01DOI: 10.1109/MWSYM.1992.188154
E. El-Sharawy
The authors present measurements of pulse distortion, coupling, and loss due to discontinuities of the coplanar waveguide (CPW) on single and multilayer structures. The CPW compares favorably to the microstrip line in terms of low coupling and distortion. A novel metal-backed coplanar waveguide on a multilayer structure is introduced to minimize or eliminate pulse distortion due to overmoding. The new CPW structure also has the advantage of relatively low loss at discontinuities. For a T circuit, the loss per bend in the new structure was about 0.2 dB less than a similar microstrip line.<>
{"title":"Multilayer coplanar waveguide for high speed digital applications","authors":"E. El-Sharawy","doi":"10.1109/MWSYM.1992.188154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSYM.1992.188154","url":null,"abstract":"The authors present measurements of pulse distortion, coupling, and loss due to discontinuities of the coplanar waveguide (CPW) on single and multilayer structures. The CPW compares favorably to the microstrip line in terms of low coupling and distortion. A novel metal-backed coplanar waveguide on a multilayer structure is introduced to minimize or eliminate pulse distortion due to overmoding. The new CPW structure also has the advantage of relatively low loss at discontinuities. For a T circuit, the loss per bend in the new structure was about 0.2 dB less than a similar microstrip line.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":165665,"journal":{"name":"1992 IEEE Microwave Symposium Digest MTT-S","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124077643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-06-01DOI: 10.1109/MWSYM.1992.187979
A. Gasiewski, D. Kunkee
A hardware and software technique for rotation of the polarization basis of a dual orthogonal linearly polarized radiometer is discussed. The technique requires precise measurement of the two orthogonal-mode antenna temperatures along with cross-correlation of the two mode amplitudes (the first three Stokes parameters). An innovative polarized blackbody load was developed for accurate calibration of the cross-correlating channel. Using 90-GHz near-Brewster angle observations of a polarizing water surface, rotation of the antenna's polarization basis by a matrix transformation was performed. The experimental results demonstrate the viability of electronic polarization basis rotation (EPBR) and suggest practical calibration schemes for full-polarization radiometers. Applications of EBPR include mechanically scanned polarization-sensitive imaging radiometers.<>
{"title":"Laboratory demonstration of electronic polarization basis rotation","authors":"A. Gasiewski, D. Kunkee","doi":"10.1109/MWSYM.1992.187979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSYM.1992.187979","url":null,"abstract":"A hardware and software technique for rotation of the polarization basis of a dual orthogonal linearly polarized radiometer is discussed. The technique requires precise measurement of the two orthogonal-mode antenna temperatures along with cross-correlation of the two mode amplitudes (the first three Stokes parameters). An innovative polarized blackbody load was developed for accurate calibration of the cross-correlating channel. Using 90-GHz near-Brewster angle observations of a polarizing water surface, rotation of the antenna's polarization basis by a matrix transformation was performed. The experimental results demonstrate the viability of electronic polarization basis rotation (EPBR) and suggest practical calibration schemes for full-polarization radiometers. Applications of EBPR include mechanically scanned polarization-sensitive imaging radiometers.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":165665,"journal":{"name":"1992 IEEE Microwave Symposium Digest MTT-S","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124380898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-06-01DOI: 10.1109/MWSYM.1992.188320
I. Angelov, H. Zirath, N. Rorsman
A novel large-signal model for HEMTs (high-electron-mobility transistors) capable of modeling the current-voltage characteristic and its derivatives, including the characteristic transconductance peak and gate-source and gate-drain capacitances, is described. Model parameter extraction is straightforward and is performed for a submicron gate-length delta -doped pseudomorphic HEMT. The model has been used to predict the DC- and S-parameters of the devices and different nonlinear circuits such as mixers and multipliers with very high accuracy.<>
{"title":"A new empirical nonlinear model for HEMT-devices","authors":"I. Angelov, H. Zirath, N. Rorsman","doi":"10.1109/MWSYM.1992.188320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSYM.1992.188320","url":null,"abstract":"A novel large-signal model for HEMTs (high-electron-mobility transistors) capable of modeling the current-voltage characteristic and its derivatives, including the characteristic transconductance peak and gate-source and gate-drain capacitances, is described. Model parameter extraction is straightforward and is performed for a submicron gate-length delta -doped pseudomorphic HEMT. The model has been used to predict the DC- and S-parameters of the devices and different nonlinear circuits such as mixers and multipliers with very high accuracy.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":165665,"journal":{"name":"1992 IEEE Microwave Symposium Digest MTT-S","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128788599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-06-01DOI: 10.1109/MWSYM.1992.188094
A. Seeds
Recent European work on components, subsystems, and applications of microwave optoelectronics is reviewed, with particular emphasis on areas, such as coherent techniques and the use of optical amplifiers, which are likely to have a strong impact on new system design. Microwave optoelectronic components capable of operation well into the millimeter-wave region have been developed to commercial availability by a number of European manufacturers. Optical amplifiers seem likely to make microwave bandwidth networks with excellent signal to noise ratio a practical reality. Techniques for the generation of coherent optical signals have advanced substantially, so that it seems likely that coherent processing will become the preferred choice for optical beamforming in phase array antennas and many other signal processing applications.<>
{"title":"Microwave opto-electronics in Europe","authors":"A. Seeds","doi":"10.1109/MWSYM.1992.188094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSYM.1992.188094","url":null,"abstract":"Recent European work on components, subsystems, and applications of microwave optoelectronics is reviewed, with particular emphasis on areas, such as coherent techniques and the use of optical amplifiers, which are likely to have a strong impact on new system design. Microwave optoelectronic components capable of operation well into the millimeter-wave region have been developed to commercial availability by a number of European manufacturers. Optical amplifiers seem likely to make microwave bandwidth networks with excellent signal to noise ratio a practical reality. Techniques for the generation of coherent optical signals have advanced substantially, so that it seems likely that coherent processing will become the preferred choice for optical beamforming in phase array antennas and many other signal processing applications.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":165665,"journal":{"name":"1992 IEEE Microwave Symposium Digest MTT-S","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129073111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-06-01DOI: 10.1109/MWSYM.1992.188084
T. Saito, N. Okubo, Y. Kawasaki, O. Isaji, H. Suzuki
The authors have developed a 60-GHz FM-continuous wave (CW) radar module that generates sidebands by switching a high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) front-end. The module also uses heterodyne detection for FM-AM conversion noise reduction. The module's signal to noise ratio was 20 dB better than a previously designed homodyne FM-CW radar module.<>
{"title":"An FM-CW radar module with front-end switching heterodyne receiver","authors":"T. Saito, N. Okubo, Y. Kawasaki, O. Isaji, H. Suzuki","doi":"10.1109/MWSYM.1992.188084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSYM.1992.188084","url":null,"abstract":"The authors have developed a 60-GHz FM-continuous wave (CW) radar module that generates sidebands by switching a high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) front-end. The module also uses heterodyne detection for FM-AM conversion noise reduction. The module's signal to noise ratio was 20 dB better than a previously designed homodyne FM-CW radar module.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":165665,"journal":{"name":"1992 IEEE Microwave Symposium Digest MTT-S","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127228708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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