Sarrah Ben M’Barek, Mokhtar El Bekkay, N. Djébali, Chris Kik, Alejandro Therese Navarro, Angela Machacilla, Daniel Danial
Via a close cooperation between Dutch and Tunisian research organizations and leveraging the possibilities provided by the Dutch Orange Knowledge Fund, a tailor-made training course on management and use of genetic resources for climate smart crop improvement took place in Tunisia from April 15-26 2024. The course consisted of two modules: one focused on Plant Genetic Resources Management and the other on Sequencing and Bioinformatics. The module on PGR management covered key topics including food security and Biodiversity, PGR management, and PGR policies, whereas the module on Sequencing and Bioinformatics provided up to date information on DNA sequencing methods, genome assembly, genotyping, diversity assessment and genome-wide association studies. The course was structured with a combination of lectures and practical assignments. Additionally, two full-day field visits were integrated into the program, providing participants with valuable information and practical knowledge in on farm management techniques. In total, the course was attended by 26 participants.
{"title":"Management and Use of Genetic Resources for Climate Smart Crop Improvement: Overview of the Tailor-Made Training (TMT) Course","authors":"Sarrah Ben M’Barek, Mokhtar El Bekkay, N. Djébali, Chris Kik, Alejandro Therese Navarro, Angela Machacilla, Daniel Danial","doi":"10.56027/joasd.202024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56027/joasd.202024","url":null,"abstract":"Via a close cooperation between Dutch and Tunisian research organizations and leveraging the possibilities provided by the Dutch Orange Knowledge Fund, a tailor-made training course on management and use of genetic resources for climate smart crop improvement took place in Tunisia from April 15-26 2024. The course consisted of two modules: one focused on Plant Genetic Resources Management and the other on Sequencing and Bioinformatics. The module on PGR management covered key topics including food security and Biodiversity, PGR management, and PGR policies, whereas the module on Sequencing and Bioinformatics provided up to date information on DNA sequencing methods, genome assembly, genotyping, diversity assessment and genome-wide association studies. The course was structured with a combination of lectures and practical assignments. Additionally, two full-day field visits were integrated into the program, providing participants with valuable information and practical knowledge in on farm management techniques. In total, the course was attended by 26 participants.","PeriodicalId":16583,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF OASIS AGRICULTURE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT","volume":"37 44","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141800313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Ali Hassaan, Hadi Alishba, Salman Aslam, Muhammad Danyal, Zulqarnain Abbas, Anayat Ullah, Malook Muhammad Babar, Zeeshan Haider, Asif Iqbal
This study examined the economic feasibility of crop rotation as a farming technique for small-scale farmers in Punjab, Pakistan, in 2022. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the study integrated qualitative and quantitative data to comprehensively assess the financial impact of crop rotation. The research focused on two key regions in Punjab renowned for small-scale farming: Sargodha and Chakwal. These areas were selected due to their prevalent small-scale farming practices and diverse agricultural methods. The study included a control group of farms that did not practice crop rotation, alongside farms actively implementing this technique. Through surveys of farm owners, input costs (such as seeds, fertilizers, and labor), market prices, crop yields, and total farm revenues were quantified over a three-year period. Soil health indicators were evaluated through soil sample analyses. Qualitative insights into farmers' perspectives on the benefits, challenges, and financial decision-making processes related to crop-rotation were gathered via in-depth interviews and regional focus groups. The findings from 2022 demonstrated advantages for farms practicing crop-rotation, evidenced by consistently higher yields and reduced seed costs. These farms also reported significantly greater profitability. The qualitative analysis highlighted local dynamics influencing the adoption of crop rotation. The study underscored the need to address challenges such as weather fluctuations and market conditions. The insights from this 2022 research can greatly benefit policymakers and agricultural practitioners in promoting sustainable farming practices among small-scale farmers in Punjab, Pakistan. Crop rotation emerges as a strategy capable of enhancing agricultural productivity and bolstering the financial resilience of small-scale farming communities.
{"title":"Crop rotation as an economic strategy for small-scale farmers: evidence from Punjab, Pakistan","authors":"Muhammad Ali Hassaan, Hadi Alishba, Salman Aslam, Muhammad Danyal, Zulqarnain Abbas, Anayat Ullah, Malook Muhammad Babar, Zeeshan Haider, Asif Iqbal","doi":"10.56027/joasd.192024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56027/joasd.192024","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the economic feasibility of crop rotation as a farming technique for small-scale farmers in Punjab, Pakistan, in 2022. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the study integrated qualitative and quantitative data to comprehensively assess the financial impact of crop rotation. The research focused on two key regions in Punjab renowned for small-scale farming: Sargodha and Chakwal. These areas were selected due to their prevalent small-scale farming practices and diverse agricultural methods. The study included a control group of farms that did not practice crop rotation, alongside farms actively implementing this technique. Through surveys of farm owners, input costs (such as seeds, fertilizers, and labor), market prices, crop yields, and total farm revenues were quantified over a three-year period. Soil health indicators were evaluated through soil sample analyses. Qualitative insights into farmers' perspectives on the benefits, challenges, and financial decision-making processes related to crop-rotation were gathered via in-depth interviews and regional focus groups. The findings from 2022 demonstrated advantages for farms practicing crop-rotation, evidenced by consistently higher yields and reduced seed costs. These farms also reported significantly greater profitability. The qualitative analysis highlighted local dynamics influencing the adoption of crop rotation. The study underscored the need to address challenges such as weather fluctuations and market conditions. The insights from this 2022 research can greatly benefit policymakers and agricultural practitioners in promoting sustainable farming practices among small-scale farmers in Punjab, Pakistan. Crop rotation emerges as a strategy capable of enhancing agricultural productivity and bolstering the financial resilience of small-scale farming communities.","PeriodicalId":16583,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF OASIS AGRICULTURE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT","volume":" 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141828562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Banana (Musa spp.) is propagated naturally by its sucker and corm. However, they are very slow and prone to the prevalence of insects and pests. It can be propagated commercially using tissue culture. However, this is skill demanding and unaffordable for small-scale farmers. To address this gap, macropropagation techniques have been introduced as an alternative propagation technology, called the Plant Issues of Shoot fragments technique, which means plants resulting from stem fragments. This method can be implemented with limited investment and skill on a small scale. Hence, the purpose of this study was to evaluate in situ and ex situ PIF techniques on two banana varieties (Poyo and Giant Cavendish). The data on the number of suckers for each decortication, days to emergence after decortication, and sucker vigor were collected and analyzed using an independent sample t-test. Furthermore, a cost comparison was conducted for the two techniques. The result showed that the in situ PIF technique could produce 16 suckers in three months with the cost of 0.43 Ethiopian Birr per sucker while the ex situ PIF technique could produce 7 suckers costing 8 ETB on one production cycle in three months period. The emergence date of the first decortication phase was shorter for in situ (12 days) than ex situ (44 days). The in situ technique could be a good alternative for banana seedling production under small-scale farming conditions. It is important to popularize this technique for the better production of banana suckers at a relatively low cost.
{"title":"Evaluation of Macro Propagation Techniques for Multiplication of Banana (Musa spp.)","authors":"Tigist Firew Mekaunint, Damtew Aragaw, Getaneh Geto, Alemayehu Ayele, Natnael Girma","doi":"10.56027/joasd.172024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56027/joasd.172024","url":null,"abstract":"Banana (Musa spp.) is propagated naturally by its sucker and corm. However, they are very slow and prone to the prevalence of insects and pests. It can be propagated commercially using tissue culture. However, this is skill demanding and unaffordable for small-scale farmers. To address this gap, macropropagation techniques have been introduced as an alternative propagation technology, called the Plant Issues of Shoot fragments technique, which means plants resulting from stem fragments. This method can be implemented with limited investment and skill on a small scale. Hence, the purpose of this study was to evaluate in situ and ex situ PIF techniques on two banana varieties (Poyo and Giant Cavendish). The data on the number of suckers for each decortication, days to emergence after decortication, and sucker vigor were collected and analyzed using an independent sample t-test. Furthermore, a cost comparison was conducted for the two techniques. The result showed that the in situ PIF technique could produce 16 suckers in three months with the cost of 0.43 Ethiopian Birr per sucker while the ex situ PIF technique could produce 7 suckers costing 8 ETB on one production cycle in three months period. The emergence date of the first decortication phase was shorter for in situ (12 days) than ex situ (44 days). The in situ technique could be a good alternative for banana seedling production under small-scale farming conditions. It is important to popularize this technique for the better production of banana suckers at a relatively low cost.","PeriodicalId":16583,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF OASIS AGRICULTURE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT","volume":" 48","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141370809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Agroforestry, as a sustainable land management practice, has garnered attention worldwide for its potential to mitigate climate change impacts and address water scarcity issues. In Tunisia, where climate change-induced stresses are increasingly affecting agriculture and water resources, agroforestry presents a promising solution. This review paper examines the importance of agroforestry in Tunisia within the context of climate change, water shortage, and treated wastewater utilization. By analyzing existing literature and case studies, the paper elucidates the ecological, economic, and social benefits of agroforestry practices in Tunisia. Additionally, it discusses the role of agroforestry in enhancing resilience to climate change, conserving water resources, and utilizing treated wastewater sustainably. Furthermore, the paper evaluates policy support and identifies challenges hindering the widespread adoption of agroforestry in Tunisia. Overall, this review underscores the significance of agroforestry as a multifaceted approach to sustainable land management in Tunisia, offering recommendations for policymakers, practitioners, and researchers to promote its implementation and integration into national strategies.
{"title":"Agroforestry as a Sustainable Solution for Mitigating Climate Change Impacts and Addressing Water Scarcity in Tunisia: A Review","authors":"Marwa Zouari, Mohamed Hachicha","doi":"10.56027/joasd.182024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56027/joasd.182024","url":null,"abstract":"Agroforestry, as a sustainable land management practice, has garnered attention worldwide for its potential to mitigate climate change impacts and address water scarcity issues. In Tunisia, where climate change-induced stresses are increasingly affecting agriculture and water resources, agroforestry presents a promising solution. This review paper examines the importance of agroforestry in Tunisia within the context of climate change, water shortage, and treated wastewater utilization. By analyzing existing literature and case studies, the paper elucidates the ecological, economic, and social benefits of agroforestry practices in Tunisia. Additionally, it discusses the role of agroforestry in enhancing resilience to climate change, conserving water resources, and utilizing treated wastewater sustainably. Furthermore, the paper evaluates policy support and identifies challenges hindering the widespread adoption of agroforestry in Tunisia. Overall, this review underscores the significance of agroforestry as a multifaceted approach to sustainable land management in Tunisia, offering recommendations for policymakers, practitioners, and researchers to promote its implementation and integration into national strategies.","PeriodicalId":16583,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF OASIS AGRICULTURE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT","volume":" 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141369816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marouane Louhichi, T. Khorchani, Douglas Eifler, Maria Eifler, Makenna Orton, K. Dadi, Ali Zaydi, Mohsen Jarray, M. Chammem
Reintroducing endangered species into their restored habitats is a significant aspect of conservation biology. The scimitar-horned oryx (Oryx dammah), one of the most critically endangered antelopes worldwide, was reintroduced into several protected areas in Tunisia. Understanding their habitat requirements within micro-level ecosystems is crucial for developing effective management plans to aid in species recovery. Using information-theoretic and multimodel inference (MMI) techniques, we evaluated the impact of habitat and management characteristics on the distribution of the scimitar-horned oryx in Tunisia's Sidi Toui National Park during different seasons, from June 2020 – May 2022. Our analyses, using regression coefficients and selection probabilities, revealed that factors influencing habitat suitability varied seasonally for the scimitar-horned oryx. However, the presence of grasses emerged as the most consistent indicator of their occurrence throughout the year. The strong fit of models to the data was confirmed by Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) plots, which indicated an Area Under the Curve (AUC) > 0.9. The study has significant implications for developing practical habitat management plans for the scimitar-horned oryx in Sidi Toui National Park.
{"title":"Modelling habitat suitability of reintroduced scimitar-horned oryx (Oryx dammah) in Sidi Toui National Park, Tunisia","authors":"Marouane Louhichi, T. Khorchani, Douglas Eifler, Maria Eifler, Makenna Orton, K. Dadi, Ali Zaydi, Mohsen Jarray, M. Chammem","doi":"10.56027/joasd.162024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56027/joasd.162024","url":null,"abstract":"Reintroducing endangered species into their restored habitats is a significant aspect of conservation biology. The scimitar-horned oryx (Oryx dammah), one of the most critically endangered antelopes worldwide, was reintroduced into several protected areas in Tunisia. Understanding their habitat requirements within micro-level ecosystems is crucial for developing effective management plans to aid in species recovery. Using information-theoretic and multimodel inference (MMI) techniques, we evaluated the impact of habitat and management characteristics on the distribution of the scimitar-horned oryx in Tunisia's Sidi Toui National Park during different seasons, from June 2020 – May 2022. Our analyses, using regression coefficients and selection probabilities, revealed that factors influencing habitat suitability varied seasonally for the scimitar-horned oryx. However, the presence of grasses emerged as the most consistent indicator of their occurrence throughout the year. The strong fit of models to the data was confirmed by Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) plots, which indicated an Area Under the Curve (AUC) > 0.9. The study has significant implications for developing practical habitat management plans for the scimitar-horned oryx in Sidi Toui National Park.","PeriodicalId":16583,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF OASIS AGRICULTURE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT","volume":" 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141374363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rim Werheni, Khalifa Riahi, Maryem Medini, Nesrine Khelifi, Abdenaceur Hassen
Industrial wastewaters contain persistent and toxic organic compounds that pose a significant risk to public health and the environment upon release. Phenol and its derivatives are examples of such pollutants. Activated carbon, often sourced from unconventional materials like plant biomass, provides a sustainable solution for treating wastewater. This research focuses on creating activated carbon from date nuts through chemical activation with phosphoric acid. The effectiveness of this carbon in removing pentachlorophenol (PCP) from secondary wastewater (SWW) is evaluated. The analysis of the date nut activated carbon (DAC) includes studying its adsorption capacities for iodine and Methylene Blue, surface functional groups, and the point of zero charge (pHpzc) compared to a commercial activated carbon (CAC). The DAC demonstrates promising adsorption capacities, with values of 368.03 mg/g for iodine and 619.9 mg/g for Methylene Blue, which are close to those of the CAC (444.17 mg/g and 620.25 mg/g, respectively). Both DAC and CAC exhibit acidic surface functionalities, with pHpzc values below 10. The efficiency of PCP removal from SWW contaminated with PCP (100 mg/L) reaches 78% within 72 hours. This study indicates that using DAC for PCP removal from SWW is a sustainable approach for wastewater treatment, potentially allowing for the reuse of non-traditional water sources.
{"title":"Activated date carbon: a sustainable solution for Pentachlorophenol adsorption in reused wastewater","authors":"Rim Werheni, Khalifa Riahi, Maryem Medini, Nesrine Khelifi, Abdenaceur Hassen","doi":"10.56027/joasd.132024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56027/joasd.132024","url":null,"abstract":"Industrial wastewaters contain persistent and toxic organic compounds that pose a significant risk to public health and the environment upon release. Phenol and its derivatives are examples of such pollutants. Activated carbon, often sourced from unconventional materials like plant biomass, provides a sustainable solution for treating wastewater. This research focuses on creating activated carbon from date nuts through chemical activation with phosphoric acid. The effectiveness of this carbon in removing pentachlorophenol (PCP) from secondary wastewater (SWW) is evaluated. The analysis of the date nut activated carbon (DAC) includes studying its adsorption capacities for iodine and Methylene Blue, surface functional groups, and the point of zero charge (pHpzc) compared to a commercial activated carbon (CAC). The DAC demonstrates promising adsorption capacities, with values of 368.03 mg/g for iodine and 619.9 mg/g for Methylene Blue, which are close to those of the CAC (444.17 mg/g and 620.25 mg/g, respectively). Both DAC and CAC exhibit acidic surface functionalities, with pHpzc values below 10. The efficiency of PCP removal from SWW contaminated with PCP (100 mg/L) reaches 78% within 72 hours. This study indicates that using DAC for PCP removal from SWW is a sustainable approach for wastewater treatment, potentially allowing for the reuse of non-traditional water sources.","PeriodicalId":16583,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF OASIS AGRICULTURE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT","volume":"49 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140672680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A Rhouma, L. Hajji-Hedfi, O. Okon, Hasadiah Okon Bassey
Endophytic fungi play crucial roles in promoting plant growth and enhancing stress tolerance, making them valuable allies in agriculture. This reviewer explores the advantageous roles and implications of endophytic fungi in plant stress tolerance, focusing on hormonal regulation, nutrient uptake, and their management of various abiotic and biotic stresses. Endophytic fungi influence the production of plant hormones such as auxins, cytokinins, and gibberellins; thus, contributing to enhanced growth and stress resilience. They also assist in nutrient uptake, solubilizing minerals, and fixing atmospheric nitrogen; thereby improving overall plant nutrition. This reviewer discusses the mechanism of endophytic fungi’s effectiveness in managing biotic and abiotic stresses, including; high CO2 levels, waterlogging/drought, salinity, high temperatures, salinity, heavy metal stress as well as plant pathogens and parasitic attacks. Furthermore, the bio-control capabilities of endophytic fungi against biotic stresses are highlighted, showcasing mechanisms such as induced resistance, mycoparasitism, antibiosis, and competition. The biological activities of recently isolated compounds and associated endophytic fungi are also discussed. Thus, as research in this field progresses, harnessing the full potential of endophytic fungi holds promise for promoting resilient and sustainable agriculture in the face of changing environmental conditions.
{"title":"Investigating the effectiveness of endophytic fungi under biotic and abiotic agricultural stress conditions","authors":"A Rhouma, L. Hajji-Hedfi, O. Okon, Hasadiah Okon Bassey","doi":"10.56027/joasd.122024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56027/joasd.122024","url":null,"abstract":"Endophytic fungi play crucial roles in promoting plant growth and enhancing stress tolerance, making them valuable allies in agriculture. This reviewer explores the advantageous roles and implications of endophytic fungi in plant stress tolerance, focusing on hormonal regulation, nutrient uptake, and their management of various abiotic and biotic stresses. Endophytic fungi influence the production of plant hormones such as auxins, cytokinins, and gibberellins; thus, contributing to enhanced growth and stress resilience. They also assist in nutrient uptake, solubilizing minerals, and fixing atmospheric nitrogen; thereby improving overall plant nutrition. This reviewer discusses the mechanism of endophytic fungi’s effectiveness in managing biotic and abiotic stresses, including; high CO2 levels, waterlogging/drought, salinity, high temperatures, salinity, heavy metal stress as well as plant pathogens and parasitic attacks. Furthermore, the bio-control capabilities of endophytic fungi against biotic stresses are highlighted, showcasing mechanisms such as induced resistance, mycoparasitism, antibiosis, and competition. The biological activities of recently isolated compounds and associated endophytic fungi are also discussed. Thus, as research in this field progresses, harnessing the full potential of endophytic fungi holds promise for promoting resilient and sustainable agriculture in the face of changing environmental conditions.","PeriodicalId":16583,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF OASIS AGRICULTURE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT","volume":"121 45","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140677736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The damages caused by the Mediterranean fruit fly (Medfly), Ceratitis capitata (Wied.) (Diptera: Tephritidae) were assessed on citrus host fruits namely: Thomson (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck), clementine (Citrus clementica Hort. ex Tan.), mandarin (Citrus delisiosa L.), bitter orange (Citrus aurantium L.) and lemon (Citrus limon (L.) Eureka) in two regions in southern Tunisia (Gabes and Tozeur) during 2013-14 - 2015-16. Damage were evaluated by the determination of percentages of fruit infestation (Percentage of punctured fruits) and of fallen fruits. Results showed that C. capitata damage varied upon citrus species and sites. The infestation rates were 42. 02, 39.83, 32.5, and 3.44% in Tozeur, against 39.86, 37.18, 30.57, and 3.38% in Gabes, respectively for Thomson, clementine, mandarin, and lemon. Besides, the highest percentages of dropped fruit were obtained for Thomson navel variety (9.02 and 7.84% in Tozeur and Gabes, respectively) against the lowest percentage recorded for the lemon Eureka variety (2.89 and 2.77% in Tozeur and Gabes respectively). In addition, the highest mean number of punctures/fruit was observed for Thomson navel variety in both regions with mean values of 3.17 and 3.38 %, respectively for Gabes and Tozeur. Results highlighted the severity of C. capitata damages in southern Tunisia and the urgency to develop appropriate control strategies in the oasis fragile ecosystem.
{"title":"Infestation and evaluation of damage of the Mediterranean fruit fly (Medfly), Ceratitis capitata (Wied.) (Diptera: Tephritidae) on Citrus in Southern Tunisia","authors":"Mabrouka Ghabbari, J. Mediouni Ben Jemâa","doi":"10.56027/joasd.112024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56027/joasd.112024","url":null,"abstract":"The damages caused by the Mediterranean fruit fly (Medfly), Ceratitis capitata (Wied.) (Diptera: Tephritidae) were assessed on citrus host fruits namely: Thomson (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck), clementine (Citrus clementica Hort. ex Tan.), mandarin (Citrus delisiosa L.), bitter orange (Citrus aurantium L.) and lemon (Citrus limon (L.) Eureka) in two regions in southern Tunisia (Gabes and Tozeur) during 2013-14 - 2015-16. Damage were evaluated by the determination of percentages of fruit infestation (Percentage of punctured fruits) and of fallen fruits. Results showed that C. capitata damage varied upon citrus species and sites. The infestation rates were 42. 02, 39.83, 32.5, and 3.44% in Tozeur, against 39.86, 37.18, 30.57, and 3.38% in Gabes, respectively for Thomson, clementine, mandarin, and lemon. Besides, the highest percentages of dropped fruit were obtained for Thomson navel variety (9.02 and 7.84% in Tozeur and Gabes, respectively) against the lowest percentage recorded for the lemon Eureka variety (2.89 and 2.77% in Tozeur and Gabes respectively). In addition, the highest mean number of punctures/fruit was observed for Thomson navel variety in both regions with mean values of 3.17 and 3.38 %, respectively for Gabes and Tozeur.\u0000Results highlighted the severity of C. capitata damages in southern Tunisia and the urgency to develop appropriate control strategies in the oasis fragile ecosystem.","PeriodicalId":16583,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF OASIS AGRICULTURE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT","volume":"115 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140680516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Mfinanga, Stephen Bishibura Erick, Christopher N. Mdoe
Access to water is arguably the most crucial, yet underappreciated determinant of household income for pastoralist households in semiarid regions. This study examined the influence of water access for livestock on pastoralists’ household income in the semi-arid areas of Monduli District in Tanzania. The study employed a cross-sectional research design, in which primary data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire from 367 randomly selected households. Quantitative data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20, whereby both descriptive statistics (frequencies and percentages) were determined. A multinomial logistic regression model was applied to examine the influence of water access to livestock on the household income of pastoralists. The findings indicate that household size (p=0.001) and levels of water access for livestock, namely medium (p=0.000) and high (p=0.006), influenced pastoralists’ household income, while maintaining a low level of water access for livestock as the reference category. The study concluded that the higher the level of water access for livestock, the higher is the household income. This study recommends that the Government of Tanzania and the Monduli District Council establish programs to boost pastoralist income by improving communal access to livestock water sources.
{"title":"Influence of water access for livestock on pastoralists household income in semi-arid areas of Monduli district in Tanzania","authors":"F. Mfinanga, Stephen Bishibura Erick, Christopher N. Mdoe","doi":"10.56027/joasd.102024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56027/joasd.102024","url":null,"abstract":"Access to water is arguably the most crucial, yet underappreciated determinant of household income for pastoralist households in semiarid regions. This study examined the influence of water access for livestock on pastoralists’ household income in the semi-arid areas of Monduli District in Tanzania. The study employed a cross-sectional research design, in which primary data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire from 367 randomly selected households. Quantitative data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20, whereby both descriptive statistics (frequencies and percentages) were determined. A multinomial logistic regression model was applied to examine the influence of water access to livestock on the household income of pastoralists. The findings indicate that household size (p=0.001) and levels of water access for livestock, namely medium (p=0.000) and high (p=0.006), influenced pastoralists’ household income, while maintaining a low level of water access for livestock as the reference category. The study concluded that the higher the level of water access for livestock, the higher is the household income. This study recommends that the Government of Tanzania and the Monduli District Council establish programs to boost pastoralist income by improving communal access to livestock water sources.","PeriodicalId":16583,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF OASIS AGRICULTURE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140375609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hassiba Chahdoura, Asma El Ayeb, Mejdi Snoussi, G. Flamini, Manel Ben M'hadheb, Safia El-Bok, L. Achour
The seeds of Opuntia sp. require additional investigations because they could contain several active molecules. Therefore, the present study analyzed the chemical composition and biological activities of Opuntia microdasys and that of Opuntia macrorhiza using in vitro and in vivo models. The headspace of the powders of the seeds of Opuntia have been analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The analgesic activity was assessed using the acetic acid-induced abdominal constriction response on mouse. Chemical analyses showed that the powders of the seeds of O. microdasys and O. macrorhiza were rich in nonanal and camphor. Also, the O. macrorhiza seeds has a high antioxidant activity (EC50 =0.12 mg/ml). The results showed that the ethanolic extracts, at a dose of 200 mg/kg of body weight, caused a significant (P< 0.05) inhibition of the abdominal constriction response (75.17% and 56.22% for O. microdasys and O. microdasys). The microdilution assay revealed that ethanolic extract of O. macrorhiza seeds is more active and could inhibit the growth of almost all the evaluated bacterial and fungal strains, with the minimal bactericidal concentration values (MIC) ranging from 0.039 to 2.50 mg/mL. The overall results highlighted the potential of the tested Opuntia seeds that can be used as a source of bioactive compounds that confer various important biological activities to it, which could imply other pharmacological applications.
{"title":"Volatile compounds and bioactivities properties of Opuntia microdasys (Lehm.) and Opuntia macrorhiza (Engelm.) seeds","authors":"Hassiba Chahdoura, Asma El Ayeb, Mejdi Snoussi, G. Flamini, Manel Ben M'hadheb, Safia El-Bok, L. Achour","doi":"10.56027/joasd.072024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56027/joasd.072024","url":null,"abstract":"The seeds of Opuntia sp. require additional investigations because they could contain several active molecules. Therefore, the present study analyzed the chemical composition and biological activities of Opuntia microdasys and that of Opuntia macrorhiza using in vitro and in vivo models.\u0000 The headspace of the powders of the seeds of Opuntia have been analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The analgesic activity was assessed using the acetic acid-induced abdominal constriction response on mouse. Chemical analyses showed that the powders of the seeds of O. microdasys and O. macrorhiza were rich in nonanal and camphor. Also, the O. macrorhiza seeds has a high antioxidant activity (EC50 =0.12 mg/ml). The results showed that the ethanolic extracts, at a dose of 200 mg/kg of body weight, caused a significant (P< 0.05) inhibition of the abdominal constriction response (75.17% and 56.22% for O. microdasys and O. microdasys). The microdilution assay revealed that ethanolic extract of O. macrorhiza seeds is more active and could inhibit the growth of almost all the evaluated bacterial and fungal strains, with the minimal bactericidal concentration values (MIC) ranging from 0.039 to 2.50 mg/mL.\u0000The overall results highlighted the potential of the tested Opuntia seeds that can be used as a source of bioactive compounds that confer various important biological activities to it, which could imply other pharmacological applications.","PeriodicalId":16583,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF OASIS AGRICULTURE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT","volume":"15 S1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140266009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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