L’amorçage (priming) est une technique de traitement pré-germinatif qui consiste à imbiber la semence puis à la re-déshydrater avant la percée de la radicule. Notre travail consiste à étudier l’effet de deux agents de prétraitement des graines, notamment le PEG (20%) et l’AG3 (50 ppm) sur les performances germinatives, la croissance et l’hydratation des plantules de mil cultivées en présence de 100 mM NaCl. Notre objectif principal consiste à améliorer le phénotype et le comportement du mil cultivé sous contrainte saline via l’optimisation de l’amorçage des semences. Les résultats obtenus montrent que tous les types d’amorçage ont un effet bénéfique. Toutefois, le prétraitement des graines avec l’AG3 semble fortement associé à des processus mettant en jeu la croissance. Ce composé stimule de 100% la germination dès le 6ème jour de mise en germination en milieu salin. Cet effet est accompagné d’une amélioration de la croissance (193%) et d’une meilleure hydratation (330%), relativement aux plantes témoins. Cette réponse est primordialement liée à une capacité de détecter rapidement le stress salin et de le rendre facilement interprétable et même bénéfique pour sa croissance en milieux extrêmes.
{"title":"Improving germination and growth performances of millet grown under saline conditions through seed priming","authors":"H. Ellouzi, Souhir Amraoui, Mohsen Hanana","doi":"10.56027/joasd.302023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56027/joasd.302023","url":null,"abstract":"L’amorçage (priming) est une technique de traitement pré-germinatif qui consiste à imbiber la semence puis à la re-déshydrater avant la percée de la radicule. Notre travail consiste à étudier l’effet de deux agents de prétraitement des graines, notamment le PEG (20%) et l’AG3 (50 ppm) sur les performances germinatives, la croissance et l’hydratation des plantules de mil cultivées en présence de 100 mM NaCl. Notre objectif principal consiste à améliorer le phénotype et le comportement du mil cultivé sous contrainte saline via l’optimisation de l’amorçage des semences. Les résultats obtenus montrent que tous les types d’amorçage ont un effet bénéfique. Toutefois, le prétraitement des graines avec l’AG3 semble fortement associé à des processus mettant en jeu la croissance. Ce composé stimule de 100% la germination dès le 6ème jour de mise en germination en milieu salin. Cet effet est accompagné d’une amélioration de la croissance (193%) et d’une meilleure hydratation (330%), relativement aux plantes témoins. Cette réponse est primordialement liée à une capacité de détecter rapidement le stress salin et de le rendre facilement interprétable et même bénéfique pour sa croissance en milieux extrêmes.","PeriodicalId":16583,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF OASIS AGRICULTURE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139232335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L’objectif de l’étude était d’analyser l’influence de la dose d’urée et de la fréquence de sarclage sur l’efficience d’utilisation de l’azote (NUE) et le rendement du maïs dans les conditions écologiques de Kolwezi. Pour y arriver, un essai a été établi en split plot comprenant 2 facteurs, la dose d’urée avec quatre modalités (0 ; 200 ; 300 et 400 kg d’urée.ha-1) et la fréquences de sarclage avec trois modalités (0 ; 1 et 2 sarclages). Après la récolte du maïs sec et le pesage, deux types d’échantillons composites ont été constitués par traitement (un échantillon pour les parties végétatives et un autre pour les graines, soit un total de 24 échantillons composites) et amenés au laboratoire pour analyse de la teneur en azote total par la méthode Kjeldahl. Les résultats obtenus ont montré qu’a l’exception de l’efficience de prélèvement, la dose d’urée a eu une influence très positive sur tous les paramètres d’efficience d’utilisation d’azote (prélèvement d’azote, efficience physiologique, efficience de production) ainsi que sur le rendement en grains du maïs. En revanche, la fréquence de sarclage n’a eu aucun effet sur tous les paramètres d’efficience et le rendement du maïs. Cependant, sa combinaison avec la dose d’urée a seulement influencé l’efficience physiologique ; les autres paramètres étant restés similaires. L’apport de la dose de 200 kg d’urée.ha-1 en combinaison avec un seul sarclage se sont révélés des pratiques non seulement productives, mais aussi optimales, rentables et moins polluantes c’est-à-dire recommandables. Cette étude met à la disposition des producteurs de maïs des pratiques culturales appropriées capables d’améliorer significativement le rendement et la marge bénéficiaire tout en limitant les pertes d’azote.
{"title":"Effets de la dose d’urée et de la fréquence de sarclage sur le rendement et l’efficience d’utilisation de l’azote chez le maïs (Zea mays L.) dans l’hinterland de Kolwezi","authors":"Kikuni Tchowa John, Mpanda Mukenza Médard, Mukaku Kazadi Gloire, Musasa Mutombo Georges, Kabwema Kalombo Daniel, Kabongo Kabeya Célestin, Kabamb Kanyimbu Delphin","doi":"10.56027/joasd.292023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56027/joasd.292023","url":null,"abstract":"L’objectif de l’étude était d’analyser l’influence de la dose d’urée et de la fréquence de sarclage sur l’efficience d’utilisation de l’azote (NUE) et le rendement du maïs dans les conditions écologiques de Kolwezi. Pour y arriver, un essai a été établi en split plot comprenant 2 facteurs, la dose d’urée avec quatre modalités (0 ; 200 ; 300 et 400 kg d’urée.ha-1) et la fréquences de sarclage avec trois modalités (0 ; 1 et 2 sarclages). Après la récolte du maïs sec et le pesage, deux types d’échantillons composites ont été constitués par traitement (un échantillon pour les parties végétatives et un autre pour les graines, soit un total de 24 échantillons composites) et amenés au laboratoire pour analyse de la teneur en azote total par la méthode Kjeldahl. Les résultats obtenus ont montré qu’a l’exception de l’efficience de prélèvement, la dose d’urée a eu une influence très positive sur tous les paramètres d’efficience d’utilisation d’azote (prélèvement d’azote, efficience physiologique, efficience de production) ainsi que sur le rendement en grains du maïs. En revanche, la fréquence de sarclage n’a eu aucun effet sur tous les paramètres d’efficience et le rendement du maïs. Cependant, sa combinaison avec la dose d’urée a seulement influencé l’efficience physiologique ; les autres paramètres étant restés similaires. L’apport de la dose de 200 kg d’urée.ha-1 en combinaison avec un seul sarclage se sont révélés des pratiques non seulement productives, mais aussi optimales, rentables et moins polluantes c’est-à-dire recommandables. Cette étude met à la disposition des producteurs de maïs des pratiques culturales appropriées capables d’améliorer significativement le rendement et la marge bénéficiaire tout en limitant les pertes d’azote.","PeriodicalId":16583,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF OASIS AGRICULTURE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT","volume":"28 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139257022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Souda Belaid, Imen Chemlali, Sonia Ben Rabeh, Saousan Chamali, Chokri Ben Romdhane, Nizar Tlili, W. Elfalleh, E. Saadaoui
Many Eucalyptus species are growing in the border of oasis areas. Eucalyptus sp. are generally known for their richness in essential oils and their virtues and economic interests. However, the great taxonomic diversity affects the quantity and quality of these oils. This study is designed to summarize the chemical composition of Eucalyptus oleosa and their biological activities. The yield of essential oils in the leaves of this species varies from 0.45% to 6.7%. These oils contain many chemical compounds of which 1,8-cineole is the main component (15.31% – 89.4%) followed by α-pinene (1%– 24.7%). Eucalyptus oleosa essential oils exhibited antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-fungal and insecticidal activities with high variability. This variability is associated to many factors such as subspecific diversity, geographical location, part of plant and essential oil’s extraction method.
{"title":"Essential oils, chemical composition, and biological activities of Eucalyptus oleosa F. Muell. : A review","authors":"Souda Belaid, Imen Chemlali, Sonia Ben Rabeh, Saousan Chamali, Chokri Ben Romdhane, Nizar Tlili, W. Elfalleh, E. Saadaoui","doi":"10.56027/joasd.282023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56027/joasd.282023","url":null,"abstract":"Many Eucalyptus species are growing in the border of oasis areas. Eucalyptus sp. are generally known for their richness in essential oils and their virtues and economic interests. However, the great taxonomic diversity affects the quantity and quality of these oils. This study is designed to summarize the chemical composition of Eucalyptus oleosa and their biological activities. The yield of essential oils in the leaves of this species varies from 0.45% to 6.7%. These oils contain many chemical compounds of which 1,8-cineole is the main component (15.31% – 89.4%) followed by α-pinene (1%– 24.7%). Eucalyptus oleosa essential oils exhibited antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-fungal and insecticidal activities with high variability. This variability is associated to many factors such as subspecific diversity, geographical location, part of plant and essential oil’s extraction method.","PeriodicalId":16583,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF OASIS AGRICULTURE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139271255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the world needing to feed an estimated 10 billion people by 2050, the paradigms of organic and conventional agriculture play a critical role in meeting these needs and ensuring environmental protection. This review critically examines these two agricultural paradigms by tracing their historical roots and exploring their techniques, impacts, economic considerations, and contributions to global food security. We highlight the environmental footprints with particular attention to soil health, water management, greenhouse gas emissions, and biodiversity. In addition, the health impacts of food produced in both systems and their societal implications will be discussed, with a closer look at aspects of consumer safety, community dynamics, and global market trends. By highlighting the strengths and challenges of both farming systems, this review argues for an integrative approach to agriculture that leverages best practices from both worlds. Such harmonization aims to create a sustainable future for agriculture that not only feeds humanity but also preserves the ecological balance on our planet.
{"title":"Balancing Fields: A Comprehensive Examination of Organic and Conventional Agriculture in the Modern Era","authors":"Mohamed Neji","doi":"10.56027/joasd.272023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56027/joasd.272023","url":null,"abstract":"With the world needing to feed an estimated 10 billion people by 2050, the paradigms of organic and conventional agriculture play a critical role in meeting these needs and ensuring environmental protection. This review critically examines these two agricultural paradigms by tracing their historical roots and exploring their techniques, impacts, economic considerations, and contributions to global food security. We highlight the environmental footprints with particular attention to soil health, water management, greenhouse gas emissions, and biodiversity. In addition, the health impacts of food produced in both systems and their societal implications will be discussed, with a closer look at aspects of consumer safety, community dynamics, and global market trends. By highlighting the strengths and challenges of both farming systems, this review argues for an integrative approach to agriculture that leverages best practices from both worlds. Such harmonization aims to create a sustainable future for agriculture that not only feeds humanity but also preserves the ecological balance on our planet.","PeriodicalId":16583,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF OASIS AGRICULTURE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT","volume":"96 S93","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135818824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Collective action through Agricultural Marketing Co-operative Societies (AMCOS) is a significant tool for improving smallholder livelihoods; hence, contributing to farmers’ economic development. AMCOS provides a favourable atmosphere for an effective government aid scheme, farm input supply, and mobilization of funds from external support services organizations. However, farmers are facing many challenges, such as inadequate access to agricultural credit, market linkage, information, inadequate technologies, and underperforming markets. There are mixed findings on whether or not agricultural cooperatives improve members’ livelihoods. Therefore, this study evaluated the contribution of AMCOS to members’ livelihood outcomes and constraints for sustainable livelihood development. A total of 340 respondents were interviewed. The findings showed that AMCOS members had higher outcomes in some livelihoods than non-members of AMCOS. In addition, AMCOS contributed to members’ income and some of the assets. Lastly, stakeholders pointed out inefficient service delivery, inadequate skills of co-operative managers, and district co-operative officers’ interference in AMCOS business, which deprived members of co-operative autonomy, as constraints facing AMCOS to enhance sustainable livelihoods for members. Therefore, the study recommends that AMCOS management improve service delivery and plan for continuous staff development. Also, District Co-operative Officers should observe co-operative principles and values in executing their duties.
{"title":"The Contribution of Agricultural Marketing Co-operative Societies to Farmers’ Livelihoods in Mvomero and Kilombero Districts, Tanzania","authors":"Anderson RWELA","doi":"10.56027/joasd.262023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56027/joasd.262023","url":null,"abstract":"Collective action through Agricultural Marketing Co-operative Societies (AMCOS) is a significant tool for improving smallholder livelihoods; hence, contributing to farmers’ economic development. AMCOS provides a favourable atmosphere for an effective government aid scheme, farm input supply, and mobilization of funds from external support services organizations. However, farmers are facing many challenges, such as inadequate access to agricultural credit, market linkage, information, inadequate technologies, and underperforming markets. There are mixed findings on whether or not agricultural cooperatives improve members’ livelihoods. Therefore, this study evaluated the contribution of AMCOS to members’ livelihood outcomes and constraints for sustainable livelihood development. A total of 340 respondents were interviewed. The findings showed that AMCOS members had higher outcomes in some livelihoods than non-members of AMCOS. In addition, AMCOS contributed to members’ income and some of the assets. Lastly, stakeholders pointed out inefficient service delivery, inadequate skills of co-operative managers, and district co-operative officers’ interference in AMCOS business, which deprived members of co-operative autonomy, as constraints facing AMCOS to enhance sustainable livelihoods for members. Therefore, the study recommends that AMCOS management improve service delivery and plan for continuous staff development. Also, District Co-operative Officers should observe co-operative principles and values in executing their duties.","PeriodicalId":16583,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF OASIS AGRICULTURE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT","volume":"13 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135933931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The production and productivity of tomatoes in Ethiopia as well as in Amhara Region are very low because of lack of improved and adapted varieties, inadequate knowledge of production and management, and a poor marketing system. The field experiment was carried out during the 2018 irrigation seasons at Ataye and Shewarobit to identify adaptive, high yielding and disease tolerant varieties of tomato. Eight improved tomato varieties were laid out in a randomized complete block design and replicated three times. The collected biological data were analyzed using SAS statistical software version 9.4, and farmers’ preferences for those varieties were also assessed based on selection attributes set by them. The combined analysis of variance revealed that there was significant difference between the varieties on the number of fruits per cluster, plant height, marketable number, unmarketable number and average weight of a tomato. The highest number of fruits per cluster was recorded from variety Mersa (3.83), followed by Melkasalsa (3.73) and Melkashola (3.7). The variety Mersa was the tallest followed by Weyno with plant heights of 110.5 cm and 110.96 cm, respectively. The highest average fruit weight was recorded for the variety D2 (61.25 g) followed by Cochoro (46.46 g). Even though it was not statistically significant, the variety Melkashola has given the highest marketable yield (32.98 t ha-1) and showed a better reaction to late blight disease as low as 27.5 %. In addition to this, variety Melkashola was highly preferred by the farmers. Based on the biological data and farmer’s preference variety Melkashola has been recommended for Ataye and Shewarobit as well as for other similar agro-ecologies.
{"title":"Participatory tomato variety selection in the lowland areas of North Shewa","authors":"Natnael Girma, Abdu Yassin, Zerihun Kebede, Getaneh Geto, Tigist Firew, Fiseha Desalegne, Alemayehu Ayele, Damtew Aragaw, Dejene Mamo, Teklemariam Ayele","doi":"10.56027/joasd.252023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56027/joasd.252023","url":null,"abstract":"The production and productivity of tomatoes in Ethiopia as well as in Amhara Region are very low because of lack of improved and adapted varieties, inadequate knowledge of production and management, and a poor marketing system. The field experiment was carried out during the 2018 irrigation seasons at Ataye and Shewarobit to identify adaptive, high yielding and disease tolerant varieties of tomato. Eight improved tomato varieties were laid out in a randomized complete block design and replicated three times. The collected biological data were analyzed using SAS statistical software version 9.4, and farmers’ preferences for those varieties were also assessed based on selection attributes set by them. The combined analysis of variance revealed that there was significant difference between the varieties on the number of fruits per cluster, plant height, marketable number, unmarketable number and average weight of a tomato. The highest number of fruits per cluster was recorded from variety Mersa (3.83), followed by Melkasalsa (3.73) and Melkashola (3.7). The variety Mersa was the tallest followed by Weyno with plant heights of 110.5 cm and 110.96 cm, respectively. The highest average fruit weight was recorded for the variety D2 (61.25 g) followed by Cochoro (46.46 g). Even though it was not statistically significant, the variety Melkashola has given the highest marketable yield (32.98 t ha-1) and showed a better reaction to late blight disease as low as 27.5 %. In addition to this, variety Melkashola was highly preferred by the farmers. Based on the biological data and farmer’s preference variety Melkashola has been recommended for Ataye and Shewarobit as well as for other similar agro-ecologies.","PeriodicalId":16583,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF OASIS AGRICULTURE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135265839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tigist Firew Mekaunint, Hewan Demissie Degu, None Yayis Rezene
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of the significant grains used in the human diet, accounting for half of all grain legumes consumed globally. To enhance production, conventional breeding and molecular approaches have been used so far. An efficient and rapid genomic DNA extraction method is required for these molecular approaches. The aim of this study was to compare and optimize an efficient and rapid DNA extraction protocol for common bean. Modified cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and potassium chloride (KCL) extraction methods were used. The mean DNA yield per nanoliter was 209 µg from modified CTAB and 150.3 µg from the KCL method. The concentration of gDNA was significantly (P< 0.05) higher for the KCL method, which was 5.01 µg/µl and 2.09 µg/µl for the CTAB method. The obtained DNA was also pure, with an absorbance ratio at 260 nm to an absorbance of 280 nm (A260/280) of 1.75-2.23 for the KCL method and 1.86-2.09 for the modified CTAB method. Gel electrophoresis separation was used to evaluate the quality of the total DNA extracted by the present protocols. The results showed that intense bands close to the gel wells were obtained from both extraction methods. DNA isolated with the two methods was successfully used for PCR-based downstream analysis, which includes random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. In this study, it took approximately 150 minutes for KCL and 240 minutes for the CTAB for whole process. In contrast to the CTAB method, the KCL method uses inexpensive and less hazardous reagents and requires only ordinary laboratory equipment. Therefore, it is more convenient and economical than the traditional technique.
{"title":"Comparative Study of Genomic DNA Extraction Methods for Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)","authors":"Tigist Firew Mekaunint, Hewan Demissie Degu, None Yayis Rezene","doi":"10.56027/joasd.242023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56027/joasd.242023","url":null,"abstract":"Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of the significant grains used in the human diet, accounting for half of all grain legumes consumed globally. To enhance production, conventional breeding and molecular approaches have been used so far. An efficient and rapid genomic DNA extraction method is required for these molecular approaches. The aim of this study was to compare and optimize an efficient and rapid DNA extraction protocol for common bean. Modified cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and potassium chloride (KCL) extraction methods were used. The mean DNA yield per nanoliter was 209 µg from modified CTAB and 150.3 µg from the KCL method. The concentration of gDNA was significantly (P< 0.05) higher for the KCL method, which was 5.01 µg/µl and 2.09 µg/µl for the CTAB method. The obtained DNA was also pure, with an absorbance ratio at 260 nm to an absorbance of 280 nm (A260/280) of 1.75-2.23 for the KCL method and 1.86-2.09 for the modified CTAB method. Gel electrophoresis separation was used to evaluate the quality of the total DNA extracted by the present protocols. The results showed that intense bands close to the gel wells were obtained from both extraction methods. DNA isolated with the two methods was successfully used for PCR-based downstream analysis, which includes random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. In this study, it took approximately 150 minutes for KCL and 240 minutes for the CTAB for whole process. In contrast to the CTAB method, the KCL method uses inexpensive and less hazardous reagents and requires only ordinary laboratory equipment. Therefore, it is more convenient and economical than the traditional technique.","PeriodicalId":16583,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF OASIS AGRICULTURE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135729042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Environmental changes pose significant challenges to sustainable agriculture, adversely affecting crop production and soil fertility. Factors such as drought, salinity, pathogens, and soil type exert their influence on the behavior of fodder crops by altering their morphological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms, ultimately leading to reduced yields and productivity. Consequently, there is a pressing need to develop mitigation strategies aimed at enhancing the tolerance of forage crops to both biotic and abiotic stresses, addressing a critical challenge in sustaining their growth.
In recent times, the use of biofertilizers has emerged as an environmentally friendly alternative to chemical fertilizers, holding promise for sustainable horticultural, agricultural, and forestry production systems. Notably, endophytic microorganisms play a pivotal role in promoting plant growth through direct or indirect mechanisms. Additionally, endophytic bacteria actively regulate gene expression responsible for the production of antioxidant enzymes, various phytohormones, siderophores, and ROS scavenging enzymes, all of which contribute to supporting the growth of host plants even in extreme environments. Consequently, there is a growing focus on understanding and validating the mechanisms through which beneficial plant endophytes interact to combat both biotic and abiotic stresses.
This review emphasizes the potential of endophytes as biofertilizers, biocontrol agents, and contributors to the mitigation of abiotic and biotic stresses, all of which play crucial roles in maintaining the development of forage crops and soil fertility.
{"title":"Harnessing the potential of endophytes: Sustainable solutions for enhancing forage crop resilience and soil fertility","authors":"Asma Mahjoub, Wiem Mnafgui, Nourhene Maiza, Nour Ressaissi, Ndiko Ludidi, Mounawer Badri","doi":"10.56027/joasd.232023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56027/joasd.232023","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental changes pose significant challenges to sustainable agriculture, adversely affecting crop production and soil fertility. Factors such as drought, salinity, pathogens, and soil type exert their influence on the behavior of fodder crops by altering their morphological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms, ultimately leading to reduced yields and productivity. Consequently, there is a pressing need to develop mitigation strategies aimed at enhancing the tolerance of forage crops to both biotic and abiotic stresses, addressing a critical challenge in sustaining their growth.
 In recent times, the use of biofertilizers has emerged as an environmentally friendly alternative to chemical fertilizers, holding promise for sustainable horticultural, agricultural, and forestry production systems. Notably, endophytic microorganisms play a pivotal role in promoting plant growth through direct or indirect mechanisms. Additionally, endophytic bacteria actively regulate gene expression responsible for the production of antioxidant enzymes, various phytohormones, siderophores, and ROS scavenging enzymes, all of which contribute to supporting the growth of host plants even in extreme environments. Consequently, there is a growing focus on understanding and validating the mechanisms through which beneficial plant endophytes interact to combat both biotic and abiotic stresses.
 This review emphasizes the potential of endophytes as biofertilizers, biocontrol agents, and contributors to the mitigation of abiotic and biotic stresses, all of which play crucial roles in maintaining the development of forage crops and soil fertility.","PeriodicalId":16583,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF OASIS AGRICULTURE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135095997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dilawar Hussain, Iqbal Mohsen, Nabil Arshad, Anayat Ullah, Muhammad Yousaf Javed, Shakeel Ahmad, Fatima Noor, Noor Ud Din, Khalid Ujala, Adeel Muhammad
This controlled pot experiment aimed to assess the effectiveness of garlic extract as a natural aphid control agent on infected tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum). The study investigated the impact of different doses of garlic extract on plant height, leaf damage, fruit production, and overall yield. The garlic extract was prepared by diluting crushed garlic bulbs with water to achieve the desired concentrations. The experiment employed a randomized complete block design with four treatment groups: a control group (0%), low dose (10%), medium dose (30%), and high dose (50%) of garlic extract. The treatments were applied using a handheld sprayer, and the plants were monitored for aphid populations using visual inspection and sticky traps. Data collected were subjected to statistical analysis, including analysis of variance (ANOVA), to determine significant differences between treatments. The results revealed that higher doses of garlic extract led to increased plant height, decrease in leaf damage caused by aphids, higher fruit production, and improved overall yield. The control group exhibited the lowest values for all parameters, while treatments with garlic extract showed significant improvements. The highest yields were observed in Treatment 50%, where plants treated with the highest dose of garlic extract yielded 41.2 kg per treatment. These findings demonstrate the potential of garlic extract as an effective aphid control agent, capable of enhancing tomato crop yield and economic returns for farmers.
{"title":"Efficacy assessment of garlic extract as a natural aphid control agent on infected tomato plants","authors":"Dilawar Hussain, Iqbal Mohsen, Nabil Arshad, Anayat Ullah, Muhammad Yousaf Javed, Shakeel Ahmad, Fatima Noor, Noor Ud Din, Khalid Ujala, Adeel Muhammad","doi":"10.56027/joasd.222023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56027/joasd.222023","url":null,"abstract":"This controlled pot experiment aimed to assess the effectiveness of garlic extract as a natural aphid control agent on infected tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum). The study investigated the impact of different doses of garlic extract on plant height, leaf damage, fruit production, and overall yield. The garlic extract was prepared by diluting crushed garlic bulbs with water to achieve the desired concentrations. The experiment employed a randomized complete block design with four treatment groups: a control group (0%), low dose (10%), medium dose (30%), and high dose (50%) of garlic extract. The treatments were applied using a handheld sprayer, and the plants were monitored for aphid populations using visual inspection and sticky traps. Data collected were subjected to statistical analysis, including analysis of variance (ANOVA), to determine significant differences between treatments. The results revealed that higher doses of garlic extract led to increased plant height, decrease in leaf damage caused by aphids, higher fruit production, and improved overall yield. The control group exhibited the lowest values for all parameters, while treatments with garlic extract showed significant improvements. The highest yields were observed in Treatment 50%, where plants treated with the highest dose of garlic extract yielded 41.2 kg per treatment. These findings demonstrate the potential of garlic extract as an effective aphid control agent, capable of enhancing tomato crop yield and economic returns for farmers.","PeriodicalId":16583,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF OASIS AGRICULTURE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135093506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zain Sajjad, Muhammad Saqib Sabir, Ahsan Ali Siddique, Muhammad Subhan, Qasim Ali Hashmi, Usama Zulfiqar Ali, Dilawar Hussain, Arham Ali
This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of four different herbicides, namely Glyphosate, Paraquat, Dicamba, and S-metolachlor, in controlling post-emergence weeds in cotton fields. The experiment was conducted in Layyah, and the selected weed species included Pigweed, Canada thistle, barnyardgrass, Field bindweed, Purslane, Bermuda grass, Green amaranth, and Puncture vine. A randomized complete block design was employed, with four treatments and four replications within each treatment. One-meter quadrates were randomly placed within each replication to collect data on weed abundance. The recommended herbicide doses were applied, including 3 liters per hectare of Glyphosate, 1 liter per hectare of Paraquat, 1 liter per hectare of Dicamba, and 1.5 liters per hectare of S-metolachlor. The effectiveness of the herbicides was observed at regular intervals, noting the time taken for visible weed control and weed mortality. Data were collected for three time points to assess the herbicides' long-term efficacy. Data analysis revealed variations in the effectiveness of the herbicides on different weed species. Treatment T3 (Dicamba) consistently exhibited the highest control, while T4 (S-metolachlor) showed the lowest effectiveness. Mean weed densities across the treatments indicated significant reductions in pigweed, Canada thistle, barnyardgrass, and field bindweed. However, no statistically significant differences were observed among the treatments for purslane, Bermuda grass, green amaranth, and puncture vine. These findings provide valuable insights into the effectiveness of different herbicides in controlling post-emergence weeds in cotton fields. The results can inform farmers and agricultural professionals in selecting appropriate herbicides for effective weed management. Further research is warranted to evaluate the long-term effects and environmental considerations associated with the herbicides. The study highlights the importance of multiple data collection time points to assess the sustained effectiveness of herbicide treatments.
本研究旨在评价草甘膦、百草枯、麦草畏和s -甲草胺4种除草剂对棉田苗期后杂草的防治效果。选取的杂草品种有:藜草、加拿大蓟、稗草、野花、马齿苋、百慕大草、绿苋菜和刺藤。采用随机完全区组设计，4个处理，每个处理4个重复。在每个复制中随机放置一米的方形，以收集杂草丰度的数据。使用了推荐的除草剂剂量，包括草甘膦每公顷3升、百草枯每公顷1升、麦草畏每公顷1升和s -甲草胺每公顷1.5升。定期观察除草剂的有效性，注意看得见的杂草控制和杂草死亡率所需的时间。收集了三个时间点的数据，以评估除草剂的长期功效。数据分析显示，除草剂对不同杂草种类的有效性存在差异。处理T3(麦草畏)的防治效果最高，处理T4 (s -甲草胺)的防治效果最低。不同处理的平均杂草密度表明，藜草、加拿大蓟、稗子草和野旋花显著减少。马齿苋、百达草、苋菜和刺藤处理间差异无统计学意义。这些发现为了解不同除草剂对棉田苗后杂草的防治效果提供了有价值的见解。研究结果可以为农民和农业专业人员选择合适的除草剂进行有效的杂草管理提供信息。需要进一步的研究来评估与除草剂有关的长期影响和环境因素。该研究强调了多个数据收集时间点对评估除草剂处理的持续有效性的重要性。
{"title":"Comparative evaluation of four herbicides for effective control of post-emergence weeds in cotton fields","authors":"Zain Sajjad, Muhammad Saqib Sabir, Ahsan Ali Siddique, Muhammad Subhan, Qasim Ali Hashmi, Usama Zulfiqar Ali, Dilawar Hussain, Arham Ali","doi":"10.56027/joasd.212023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56027/joasd.212023","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of four different herbicides, namely Glyphosate, Paraquat, Dicamba, and S-metolachlor, in controlling post-emergence weeds in cotton fields. The experiment was conducted in Layyah, and the selected weed species included Pigweed, Canada thistle, barnyardgrass, Field bindweed, Purslane, Bermuda grass, Green amaranth, and Puncture vine. A randomized complete block design was employed, with four treatments and four replications within each treatment. One-meter quadrates were randomly placed within each replication to collect data on weed abundance. The recommended herbicide doses were applied, including 3 liters per hectare of Glyphosate, 1 liter per hectare of Paraquat, 1 liter per hectare of Dicamba, and 1.5 liters per hectare of S-metolachlor. The effectiveness of the herbicides was observed at regular intervals, noting the time taken for visible weed control and weed mortality. Data were collected for three time points to assess the herbicides' long-term efficacy. Data analysis revealed variations in the effectiveness of the herbicides on different weed species. Treatment T3 (Dicamba) consistently exhibited the highest control, while T4 (S-metolachlor) showed the lowest effectiveness. Mean weed densities across the treatments indicated significant reductions in pigweed, Canada thistle, barnyardgrass, and field bindweed. However, no statistically significant differences were observed among the treatments for purslane, Bermuda grass, green amaranth, and puncture vine. These findings provide valuable insights into the effectiveness of different herbicides in controlling post-emergence weeds in cotton fields. The results can inform farmers and agricultural professionals in selecting appropriate herbicides for effective weed management. Further research is warranted to evaluate the long-term effects and environmental considerations associated with the herbicides. The study highlights the importance of multiple data collection time points to assess the sustained effectiveness of herbicide treatments.","PeriodicalId":16583,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF OASIS AGRICULTURE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134911107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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