Quorum sensing (QS) is a communication mechanism utilized by microorganisms to deliberately unleash virulence factors for their survival in living or non-living hosts. Biofilm, one of virulence factors that entrenches pathogenicity is developed through this process. Accumulation of biofilm as a result of heightened quorum sensing effect results in persistent spread of diseases and in extension, antibiotic resistance. Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are the major causative agents of nosocomial diseases which include wound and skin infections; so many synthetic and natural remedies have been introduced to reduce or entirely eliminate the development of QS-mediated virulence factors through repression of genes that encode them at the molecular level. Therefore, the activities of medicinal plants and chemical agents as inhibitors against QS-mediated virulence factors of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus strains are discussed and compared in this review. Overall, having the knowledge of target sites of plant extracts and chemical inhibitors and their mechanisms in these pathogenic bacterial cells as discussed in the review will assist scientists and medical practitioners in decision making for better therapeutic regimen in the treatment of bacterial diseases.
{"title":"Anti-quorum sensing effects of medicinal plants and chemical compounds: A new dimension against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus","authors":"Kingsley Nwachukwu, Ositadinma Ugbogu, Ijeoma Nwosu, Ebubechukwu Nwarunma","doi":"10.5455/jmid.2023.v13.i3.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/jmid.2023.v13.i3.1","url":null,"abstract":"Quorum sensing (QS) is a communication mechanism utilized by microorganisms to deliberately unleash virulence factors for their survival in living or non-living hosts. Biofilm, one of virulence factors that entrenches pathogenicity is developed through this process. Accumulation of biofilm as a result of heightened quorum sensing effect results in persistent spread of diseases and in extension, antibiotic resistance. Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are the major causative agents of nosocomial diseases which include wound and skin infections; so many synthetic and natural remedies have been introduced to reduce or entirely eliminate the development of QS-mediated virulence factors through repression of genes that encode them at the molecular level. Therefore, the activities of medicinal plants and chemical agents as inhibitors against QS-mediated virulence factors of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus strains are discussed and compared in this review. Overall, having the knowledge of target sites of plant extracts and chemical inhibitors and their mechanisms in these pathogenic bacterial cells as discussed in the review will assist scientists and medical practitioners in decision making for better therapeutic regimen in the treatment of bacterial diseases.","PeriodicalId":16603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135843088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5455/jmid.2023.v13.i2.3
A. Batista, L. Santos, Liuber var, M. lez, Yanet Saavedra, J. Vila, H. Torres, Tamara ez, J. Puertas, Yoanna Morales, E. Romero, Vivian Cardell
Background: Tropism is determined by the ability of HIV-1 to bind to the receptors CCR5 or CXCR4 to enter the target cell, which has implications for the pathogenesis of the disease and affects treatment options. This study determined the relationship between the tropism of HIV-1 variants circulating in Cuba, with different variables, and the implications for the use of co-receptor inhibitors. Methods: Plasma samples from 69 of HIV-1 seropositive patients, period 2017-2019, were analyzed. Fragments of the env and pol regions of the virus were sequenced. The subtype and prediction of the viral phenotype, viral mutations, as well as the relationship of the phenotype and subtype with clinical, epidemiological, and virological variables were determined. Results: The recombinant CRF19_cpx (p=0.0234) showed a significant association with viruses that use the X4 and R5X4/X4 Co-receptor, even in untreated patients. Of the viruses studied, 78.26% presented at least one mutation associated with resistance to Maraviroc, although the patients had not received prior therapy with this drug. Conclusion: The preferential tropism for the CXCR4 co-receptor, detected in the CRF19_cpx variant, accompanied by greater viral replication and unrelated to the time of diagnosis of the patients, reinforces the hypothesis that viral variant is more pathogenic. The high frequency of polymorphisms and mutations that confer resistance to Maraviroc in the V2 and V3 regions of HIV-1 of the Cuban recombinant forms indicate that there could be a natural resistance to this antiretroviral.
{"title":"Tropism prediction in HIV-1 variants circulating in Cuba, 2017-2019: Implications for the pathogenesis of infection and response to Maraviroc","authors":"A. Batista, L. Santos, Liuber var, M. lez, Yanet Saavedra, J. Vila, H. Torres, Tamara ez, J. Puertas, Yoanna Morales, E. Romero, Vivian Cardell","doi":"10.5455/jmid.2023.v13.i2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/jmid.2023.v13.i2.3","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Tropism is determined by the ability of HIV-1 to bind to the receptors CCR5 or CXCR4 to enter the target cell, which has implications for the pathogenesis of the disease and affects treatment options. This study determined the relationship between the tropism of HIV-1 variants circulating in Cuba, with different variables, and the implications for the use of co-receptor inhibitors. Methods: Plasma samples from 69 of HIV-1 seropositive patients, period 2017-2019, were analyzed. Fragments of the env and pol regions of the virus were sequenced. The subtype and prediction of the viral phenotype, viral mutations, as well as the relationship of the phenotype and subtype with clinical, epidemiological, and virological variables were determined. Results: The recombinant CRF19_cpx (p=0.0234) showed a significant association with viruses that use the X4 and R5X4/X4 Co-receptor, even in untreated patients. Of the viruses studied, 78.26% presented at least one mutation associated with resistance to Maraviroc, although the patients had not received prior therapy with this drug. Conclusion: The preferential tropism for the CXCR4 co-receptor, detected in the CRF19_cpx variant, accompanied by greater viral replication and unrelated to the time of diagnosis of the patients, reinforces the hypothesis that viral variant is more pathogenic. The high frequency of polymorphisms and mutations that confer resistance to Maraviroc in the V2 and V3 regions of HIV-1 of the Cuban recombinant forms indicate that there could be a natural resistance to this antiretroviral.","PeriodicalId":16603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85180962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5455/jmid.2023.v13.i2.8
S. Samad, P. Nair, Abeed Hussain, Amal Byju, Shafeeq Mattummal, Ravi Arodiyil
Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a rare cause of infective endocarditis. There is no standard treatment regimen for the management of infective endocarditis caused by this organism. Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces biofilm on the endocardial surface which can be difficult to eradicate, and monotherapy with a traditional beta-lactam agent may fail due to inadequate penetration into biofilm and low or absent activity on non-dividing cells. Prolonged courses and surgical intervention may be required to treat this infection. Case Description: A case of infective endocarditis caused by P. aeruginosa which showed inadequate response to beta-lactam plus beta-lactamase-inhibitor therapy and was later successfully managed without surgical intervention but a combination of a beta-lactam and an aminoglycoside is described here. This case which was treated with amikacin was followed up for ototoxicity. Ototoxicity is an irreversible side effect of amikacin and close follow-up with serial audiograms is required during therapy, especially when therapeutic drug monitoring is not possible. Conclusion: A combination regimen of a beta-lactam active against P. aeruginosa plus an aminoglycoside for a duration of four weeks can be an effective treatment for infective endocarditis caused by P. aeruginosa. Periodic monitoring for adverse drug events should be undertaken during therapy.
{"title":"Medical management of Pseudomonas aeruginosa endocarditis: A case report","authors":"S. Samad, P. Nair, Abeed Hussain, Amal Byju, Shafeeq Mattummal, Ravi Arodiyil","doi":"10.5455/jmid.2023.v13.i2.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/jmid.2023.v13.i2.8","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a rare cause of infective endocarditis. There is no standard treatment regimen for the management of infective endocarditis caused by this organism. Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces biofilm on the endocardial surface which can be difficult to eradicate, and monotherapy with a traditional beta-lactam agent may fail due to inadequate penetration into biofilm and low or absent activity on non-dividing cells. Prolonged courses and surgical intervention may be required to treat this infection. Case Description: A case of infective endocarditis caused by P. aeruginosa which showed inadequate response to beta-lactam plus beta-lactamase-inhibitor therapy and was later successfully managed without surgical intervention but a combination of a beta-lactam and an aminoglycoside is described here. This case which was treated with amikacin was followed up for ototoxicity. Ototoxicity is an irreversible side effect of amikacin and close follow-up with serial audiograms is required during therapy, especially when therapeutic drug monitoring is not possible. Conclusion: A combination regimen of a beta-lactam active against P. aeruginosa plus an aminoglycoside for a duration of four weeks can be an effective treatment for infective endocarditis caused by P. aeruginosa. Periodic monitoring for adverse drug events should be undertaken during therapy.","PeriodicalId":16603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75666286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Burkholderia cepacia complex consists of 24 species of microorganisms that include B. cepacia, B. multivorans, B. cenocepacia, B. vietnamiensis, B. ambifaria, and many more. It is a ubiquitous microorganism found in the soil and aquatic milieu. The most common infections caused by these isolates include bacteremia, pneumonia, genital tract infections, and surgical wound infections. Their potential to cause nosocomial outbreaks in wards of immunocompromised patients is well known. Case Description: In this case report, we describe two cases of community-acquired B. vietnamese bacteremia in patients suffering from B-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia and their antibiotic sensitivity pattern to guide the treatment of these individuals. Conclusion: The identification of rare opportunistic pathogens like Burkholderia vietnamese and adequate treatment in the pandemic-ridden era is the need of the hour due to a rise in immunocompromised conditions owing to the rigorous use of antimicrobials and steroids.
{"title":"Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC) causing bacteremia in patients suffering from B-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia: A case report","authors":"Mitra Kar, Akanksha Dubey, Romya Singh, Chinmoy Sahu, Sangram Patel, Nida Fatima","doi":"10.5455/jmid.2023.v13.i3.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/jmid.2023.v13.i3.9","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Burkholderia cepacia complex consists of 24 species of microorganisms that include B. cepacia, B. multivorans, B. cenocepacia, B. vietnamiensis, B. ambifaria, and many more. It is a ubiquitous microorganism found in the soil and aquatic milieu. The most common infections caused by these isolates include bacteremia, pneumonia, genital tract infections, and surgical wound infections. Their potential to cause nosocomial outbreaks in wards of immunocompromised patients is well known. Case Description: In this case report, we describe two cases of community-acquired B. vietnamese bacteremia in patients suffering from B-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia and their antibiotic sensitivity pattern to guide the treatment of these individuals. Conclusion: The identification of rare opportunistic pathogens like Burkholderia vietnamese and adequate treatment in the pandemic-ridden era is the need of the hour due to a rise in immunocompromised conditions owing to the rigorous use of antimicrobials and steroids.","PeriodicalId":16603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"300 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135957899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives: Liposomal amphotericin B is a broad-spectrum antifungal treatment used for life-threatening infections, but it commonly induces infusion-related adverse events that may prevent treatment completion. Based on anecdotal evidence, a slow infusion guideline at treatment initiation has been suggested to reduce these reactions. This study aimed to determine if slowing down the infusion rate on treatment initiation would reduce the rate of infusion-related adverse events. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted examining the primary outcome of adverse event rates between patients who received slow and standard (2-hour or faster) infusions at a major hospital in Australia. Secondary outcomes were risk factors associated with infusion reactions. The rates of adverse events were analyzed using Fisher’s exact test. Results: An 8-year audit identified 47 patients who were administered liposomal amphotericin-B. The average age of the study population was 61.7 years and 28 (59.6%) were male patients. Slower than standard infusions were given to 5 (10.6%) patients on treatment initiation. Infusion-related adverse events occurred in 2 (40.0%) patients with reduced rates and 5 (11.9%) patients with standard infusion rates (p=0.154). Typical reactions were myalgia, dyspnoea, and flushing. Four patients with adverse events had been rechallenged after further rate reductions and prophylactic medications with the completion of treatment. No risk factors for adverse events were identified among demographics, comorbidities, or co-prescribed medications. Conclusion: Slowing the infusion rate of liposomal amphotericin-B administration does not appear to reduce the likelihood of infusion-related reactions, however, it can be trialed for adverse-event management. J Microbiol Infect Dis 2022; 12(4): 148-153.
{"title":"Liposomal Amphotericin-B Infusion-related Reactions and Rate of Infusions: A Single Center Cohort Study","authors":"Iouri Banakh, Qiantong Hua, J. Metcalfe","doi":"10.5799/jmid.1218636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5799/jmid.1218636","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Liposomal amphotericin B is a broad-spectrum antifungal treatment used for life-threatening infections, but it commonly induces infusion-related adverse events that may prevent treatment completion. Based on anecdotal evidence, a slow infusion guideline at treatment initiation has been suggested to reduce these reactions. This study aimed to determine if slowing down the infusion rate on treatment initiation would reduce the rate of infusion-related adverse events. \u0000Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted examining the primary outcome of adverse event rates between patients who received slow and standard (2-hour or faster) infusions at a major hospital in Australia. Secondary outcomes were risk factors associated with infusion reactions. The rates of adverse events were analyzed using Fisher’s exact test. \u0000Results: An 8-year audit identified 47 patients who were administered liposomal amphotericin-B. The average age of the study population was 61.7 years and 28 (59.6%) were male patients. Slower than standard infusions were given to 5 (10.6%) patients on treatment initiation. Infusion-related adverse events occurred in 2 (40.0%) patients with reduced rates and 5 (11.9%) patients with standard infusion rates (p=0.154). Typical reactions were myalgia, dyspnoea, and flushing. Four patients with adverse events had been rechallenged after further rate reductions and prophylactic medications with the completion of treatment. No risk factors for adverse events were identified among demographics, comorbidities, or co-prescribed medications. \u0000Conclusion: Slowing the infusion rate of liposomal amphotericin-B administration does not appear to reduce the likelihood of infusion-related reactions, however, it can be trialed for adverse-event management. J Microbiol Infect Dis 2022; 12(4): 148-153.","PeriodicalId":16603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"467 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75837915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Iliya, Y. Kani, Y. Muhammad, Ibrahim Muhammad Kamilu, Luwa Psa, Mahmud Inusa Yandutse, Adogu Ibrahi̇m
Testicular Schistosomiasis causes acute and chronic scrotal pain causes, typically by one or more species of blood flukes of the genus Schistosoma, which are rarely seen. Therefore, specimens for the diagnosis are usually biopsies from the testes and tissue sections from orchidectomy. This case report was aimed to present the diagnosis of testicular Schistosomiasis resulting from orchidectomy due to prolonged scrotal pain. Microscopic examination of a histological specimen stained by hematoxylin and eosin revealed dispersed viable and calcified ova of Schistosoma haematobium. This finding provided a rare case of testicular Schistosomiasis that clinicians and other healthcare professionals should be mindful of when dealing with cases with scrotal involvement, especially in endemic areas, to avoid unnecessary orchidectomy. J Microbiol Infect Dis 2022; 12(4):167-170.
{"title":"Prolonged Scrotal Pain Resulting from Testicular Schistosomiasis: Case Report","authors":"S. Iliya, Y. Kani, Y. Muhammad, Ibrahim Muhammad Kamilu, Luwa Psa, Mahmud Inusa Yandutse, Adogu Ibrahi̇m","doi":"10.5799/jmid.1218686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5799/jmid.1218686","url":null,"abstract":"Testicular Schistosomiasis causes acute and chronic scrotal pain causes, typically by one or more species of blood flukes of the genus Schistosoma, which are rarely seen. Therefore, specimens for the diagnosis are usually biopsies from the testes and tissue sections from orchidectomy. This case report was aimed to present the diagnosis of testicular Schistosomiasis resulting from orchidectomy due to prolonged scrotal pain. Microscopic examination of a histological specimen stained by hematoxylin and eosin revealed dispersed viable and calcified ova of Schistosoma haematobium. This finding provided a rare case of testicular Schistosomiasis that clinicians and other healthcare professionals should be mindful of when dealing with cases with scrotal involvement, especially in endemic areas, to avoid unnecessary orchidectomy. J Microbiol Infect Dis 2022; 12(4):167-170.","PeriodicalId":16603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85807623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hakan Erdogan, F. Pehlivanoğlu, G. Şengöz, Feride Velaei̇
Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the inactivated SARS-COV-2 vaccine (Sinovac-CoronaVac), first administered to healthcare professionals in Turkey on January 14, 2021. Methods: Healthcare professionals without a history of COVID-19, PCR test positivity, or chronic disease were included in the study. The antibody levels for S1 RBD antigen were measured with the Siemens SARS-CoV-2 IgG (sCOVG) kit one month and six months after the two-dose CoronaVac vaccine. Results: A total of 108 health professionals, 35 women and 73 men, were included in this study. The mean age of the participants was 37.5 ± 10.7 years. A total of 103 (95.3%) individuals had positive antibody values, and five (4.6%) had negative values after the second vaccination. After the second vaccine dose, 11 (10.1%) participants were diagnosed with COVID-19. There was a significant decrease in antibody values in the sixth month compared to the first month (p
{"title":"Evaluation of Antibody Levels After Vaccination (Sinovac-CoronaVac) in Healthcare Workers","authors":"Hakan Erdogan, F. Pehlivanoğlu, G. Şengöz, Feride Velaei̇","doi":"10.5799/jmid.1218640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5799/jmid.1218640","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the inactivated SARS-COV-2 vaccine (Sinovac-CoronaVac), first administered to healthcare professionals in Turkey on January 14, 2021. \u0000Methods: Healthcare professionals without a history of COVID-19, PCR test positivity, or chronic disease were included in the study. The antibody levels for S1 RBD antigen were measured with the Siemens SARS-CoV-2 IgG (sCOVG) kit one month and six months after the two-dose CoronaVac vaccine. \u0000Results: A total of 108 health professionals, 35 women and 73 men, were included in this study. The mean age of the participants was 37.5 ± 10.7 years. A total of 103 (95.3%) individuals had positive antibody values, and five (4.6%) had negative values after the second vaccination. After the second vaccine dose, 11 (10.1%) participants were diagnosed with COVID-19. There was a significant decrease in antibody values in the sixth month compared to the first month (p","PeriodicalId":16603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81961286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. N. Turnip, Chairunnisa Fadhi̇llah, Anwar Rovik, Ayu Rahayu
Objectives: This study aims to understand the epidemiological and level of genetic similarity in the SARS-CoV-2 from different geographical areas in The Southeast Asia Region during an early pandemic. Methods: The data on COVID-19 cases in Southeast Asia was collected from https://worldometer.info/ and extracted independently. Complete genome SARS-CoV-2 nucleotide sequence data was obtained from GISAID and NCBI online platforms. The sequences were aligned using MEGA X software and identified RdRp and Spike genes using UGENE software. The phylogenetic was constructed using MEGA X software to know the similarity of these genes among isolates in the Southeast Asia region. Results: The result showed that the first case in Southeast Asia was reported in January 2020. The highest number of COVID-19 cases and death were reported from populous and suffering countries. The phylogenetic results showed an identical solid (100%) among isolates, except for the Philippines-5 isolate. The Wuhan-Hu-1 (China) SARS-CoV-2 isolate (Acc. NC_045512) was transmitted to other countries in Southeast Asia regions with various mutations in the spike protein. Conclusion: During the early pandemic, all countries in the Southeast Asia regions reported COVID-19 cases. Indonesia became the country with the highest number of COVID-19 cases and deaths. The level of similarity of the RdRp gene in the SARS-CoV-2 in Southeast Asia is higher than the Spike genes. J Microbiol Infect Dis 2022; 12(4):139-148.
{"title":"Epidemiological Features and Phylogeny of SARS-CoV-2 Circulating in the Southeast Asia in Early Pandemic","authors":"O. N. Turnip, Chairunnisa Fadhi̇llah, Anwar Rovik, Ayu Rahayu","doi":"10.5799/jmid.1218631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5799/jmid.1218631","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: This study aims to understand the epidemiological and level of genetic similarity in the SARS-CoV-2 from different geographical areas in The Southeast Asia Region during an early pandemic. \u0000Methods: The data on COVID-19 cases in Southeast Asia was collected from https://worldometer.info/ and extracted independently. Complete genome SARS-CoV-2 nucleotide sequence data was obtained from GISAID and NCBI online platforms. The sequences were aligned using MEGA X software and identified RdRp and Spike genes using UGENE software. The phylogenetic was constructed using MEGA X software to know the similarity of these genes among isolates in the Southeast Asia region. \u0000Results: The result showed that the first case in Southeast Asia was reported in January 2020. The highest number of COVID-19 cases and death were reported from populous and suffering countries. The phylogenetic results showed an identical solid (100%) among isolates, except for the Philippines-5 isolate. The Wuhan-Hu-1 (China) SARS-CoV-2 isolate (Acc. NC_045512) was transmitted to other countries in Southeast Asia regions with various mutations in the spike protein. \u0000Conclusion: During the early pandemic, all countries in the Southeast Asia regions reported COVID-19 cases. Indonesia became the country with the highest number of COVID-19 cases and deaths. The level of similarity of the RdRp gene in the SARS-CoV-2 in Southeast Asia is higher than the Spike genes. J Microbiol Infect Dis 2022; 12(4):139-148.","PeriodicalId":16603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"102 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84115282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Asmaa Yahia Sharfeldi̇n, Hala Omar, Ahmed Elhanafy
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has impacted people of all ages, including neonates. However, confirmed data on its vertical transmission is still scarce. As a result, displaying various cases of COVID-19 in neonates may assist in understanding the virus's behavior during pregnancy. This report shows a 32-year-old mother with a 5-day history of acute respiratory disease tested positive for COVID-19 by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), presented with labor pain at 34 weeks of gestation, and underwent an emergency cesarean section. She gave birth to a preterm male baby, who tested positive for RT-PCR less than 24 hours after birth and fifth day of life. His outcome was good. J Microbiol Infect Dis 2022; 12(4):160-162. Keywords:
{"title":"Possibility of COVID-19 Vertical Transmission to Newborns: Case Report","authors":"Asmaa Yahia Sharfeldi̇n, Hala Omar, Ahmed Elhanafy","doi":"10.5799/jmid.1218673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5799/jmid.1218673","url":null,"abstract":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has impacted people of all ages, including neonates. However, confirmed data on its vertical transmission is still scarce. As a result, displaying various cases of COVID-19 in neonates may assist in understanding the virus's behavior during pregnancy. This report shows a 32-year-old mother with a 5-day history of acute respiratory disease tested positive for COVID-19 by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), presented with labor pain at 34 weeks of gestation, and underwent an emergency cesarean section. She gave birth to a preterm male baby, who tested positive for RT-PCR less than 24 hours after birth and fifth day of life. His outcome was good. J Microbiol Infect Dis 2022; 12(4):160-162. \u0000Keywords:","PeriodicalId":16603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88279948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A breast abscess is a common clinical entity most commonly caused by gram-positive cocci in the lactating breast. Here we present a bilateral breast abscess due to Salmonella Typhi in a young non-lactating female. The patient presented with on and off fever and a painful lump with discharge in the left breast, followed by similar complaints in the right breast after a few days. Incision and drainage were done, and the sample was sent for microbiological analysis. Salmonella Typhi was isolated. The patient had high titers of the Widal test though her blood culture was negative. The infection was successfully treated with a combination of surgical drainage and antibiotics. This case highlights that a systemic Salmonella infection need not always present with the typical symptoms and can solely present in a focal manner (breast abscess) and highlights the importance of microbiological analysis for accurate diagnosis and proper management. J Microbiol Infect Dis 2022; 12(4):163-166.
{"title":"Breast Abscess as the Sole Presentation of Salmonella Typhi Infection: Case Report","authors":"Sharin Varma, R. Kaur, S. Satija","doi":"10.5799/jmid.1218676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5799/jmid.1218676","url":null,"abstract":"A breast abscess is a common clinical entity most commonly caused by gram-positive cocci in the lactating breast. Here we present a bilateral breast abscess due to Salmonella Typhi in a young non-lactating female. The patient presented with on and off fever and a painful lump with discharge in the left breast, followed by similar complaints in the right breast after a few days. Incision and drainage were done, and the sample was sent for microbiological analysis. Salmonella Typhi was isolated. The patient had high titers of the Widal test though her blood culture was negative. The infection was successfully treated with a combination of surgical drainage and antibiotics. This case highlights that a systemic Salmonella infection need not always present with the typical symptoms and can solely present in a focal manner (breast abscess) and highlights the importance of microbiological analysis for accurate diagnosis and proper management. J Microbiol Infect Dis 2022; 12(4):163-166.","PeriodicalId":16603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"311 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75831985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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