Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5455/jmid.2023.v13.i3.8
Fariba Keramat, Manochehr Karami, Mojgan Mamani, Ali Saadatmand, Seyyed Hashemi, Mohammad Alikhani, Saeid Bashirian, Zahra Shivapour
Background: Brucellosis can be chronic or associated with relapse and complications like other chronic diseases, and quality registry system is required. Aim: This study was designed and carried out with the aim of recording the quality of relapse and complications of brucellosis in Hamadan, west of Iran. Methods: In a quality registry study, in the first phase, all patients referred to Sina Hospital and Imam Khomeini Clinic in Hamadan were entered the study from September 2015 to January 2017. All information of the patients including demographic characteristics, clinical signs and symptoms, complications and laboratory findings have been entered in the questionnaire and designed software of quality regiatry of relapse and complications of brucellosis. Results: A total of 248 patients with brucellosis with a mean age of 43.38± 17.67 (range: 13 to 92) years old were enrolled the study, of which 155 patients (62.5%) were male and 80.65% of patients lived in rural areas.The most common complications were sacroilitis 33.06% ( 95% CI: 27.24%, 39.29%), arthritis 29.44% (95% CI: 23.83%, 35.53%) (the most common involvement were left and right knee joints 38.36% and 35. 62%, respectively), spondylitis 22.98% (95% CI: 17.89%, 28.72%) (in lumbar vertebrae L4 and L5 were 70.18% and 68.24%, respectively), epididymorchitis (14.84%, 95% CI: 9.64%, 21.42%) in men, neurobrucellosis (3.63%, 95% CI: 1.67%, 6.77%), hepatitis (1.21%, 95% CI: 0.25%, 3.53%), and abortion in 3 of 4 pregnant women and one case of eye involvement. Conclusion: The results of this study can be used for evidence-based decision-making to diagnose and better management of relapse and complications in patients with brucellosis.
{"title":"Relapse and complications of brucellosis: Findings of a disease quality registry","authors":"Fariba Keramat, Manochehr Karami, Mojgan Mamani, Ali Saadatmand, Seyyed Hashemi, Mohammad Alikhani, Saeid Bashirian, Zahra Shivapour","doi":"10.5455/jmid.2023.v13.i3.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/jmid.2023.v13.i3.8","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Brucellosis can be chronic or associated with relapse and complications like other chronic diseases, and quality registry system is required. Aim: This study was designed and carried out with the aim of recording the quality of relapse and complications of brucellosis in Hamadan, west of Iran. Methods: In a quality registry study, in the first phase, all patients referred to Sina Hospital and Imam Khomeini Clinic in Hamadan were entered the study from September 2015 to January 2017. All information of the patients including demographic characteristics, clinical signs and symptoms, complications and laboratory findings have been entered in the questionnaire and designed software of quality regiatry of relapse and complications of brucellosis. Results: A total of 248 patients with brucellosis with a mean age of 43.38± 17.67 (range: 13 to 92) years old were enrolled the study, of which 155 patients (62.5%) were male and 80.65% of patients lived in rural areas.The most common complications were sacroilitis 33.06% ( 95% CI: 27.24%, 39.29%), arthritis 29.44% (95% CI: 23.83%, 35.53%) (the most common involvement were left and right knee joints 38.36% and 35. 62%, respectively), spondylitis 22.98% (95% CI: 17.89%, 28.72%) (in lumbar vertebrae L4 and L5 were 70.18% and 68.24%, respectively), epididymorchitis (14.84%, 95% CI: 9.64%, 21.42%) in men, neurobrucellosis (3.63%, 95% CI: 1.67%, 6.77%), hepatitis (1.21%, 95% CI: 0.25%, 3.53%), and abortion in 3 of 4 pregnant women and one case of eye involvement. Conclusion: The results of this study can be used for evidence-based decision-making to diagnose and better management of relapse and complications in patients with brucellosis.","PeriodicalId":16603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135957880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: There is a scarcity of data on thyroid function abnormality in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outpatients in the world literature since previous studies were done on admitted patients. Aim: The objective of this study was to assess thyroid function tests (TFT) in Libyan outpatients with COVID-19 as well as the possible association between them and some routine hematological, inflammatory and biochemical markers. Methods: Laboratory results were retrospectively reviewed for a total number of 246 patients, where 214 patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 and 32 non-COVID-19 patients were included in the study as a control group. The majority of the patients were females 179 (72.8%) and age range between 18 and 88 years old. They were registered in the outpatient department of COVID-19 at Zaweit-Dahmany Polyclinic in Tripoli, Libya between May and October 2021. Serum levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroid hormones (THs) (triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and free fractions), complete blood count (CBC), C-reactive protein (CRP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), liver function test (LFT), and renal function test (RFT) were measured. Results: Abnormal thyroid function was seen in 17.8% of 214 patients with COVID-19. Twelve patients had isolated low total or free triiodothyronine (FT3), suggestive of nonthyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS), ten patients had hypothyroidism that was subclinical in six patients and overt in the remaining four patients. Three patients had hyperthyroidism. Thirteen patients had different isolated THs abnormalities. Low FT3 was associated with older age (P= 0.035), and it has a weak negative correlation with CRP (-0.335) and LDH (-0.245) (P= 0.001). The thyroid dysfunction (TD) group presented a statistically significant reduction in lymphocytes (P= 0.000), increased neutrophil (P= 0.000), increased CRP (P= 0.000), increased urea (P= 0.014), increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (P= 0.007), a slight reduction in hematocrit (HCT) (P= 0.010), low mean corpuscular volume (MCV) (P= 0.019), and low mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) (P= 0.019) but no significant difference in hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), and platelet count when compared to euthyroid control. Conclusion: Clinicians should be vigilant about the possible presence of thyroid function abnormalities among COVID-19 patients, especially elderly patients, and those with increased inflammatory markers.
{"title":"Assessment of thyroid function and biochemical markers among COVID-19 Libyan patients","authors":"Mouna Omar, Abdunnabi Rayes, Nagat Alkmishi, Firuz Elaswad, Hanadi Younes, Munay Ghisheer, Ibtehal Fadli, Abdunaser Dayhum, Ibrahim Eldaghayes","doi":"10.5455/jmid.2023.v13.i3.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/jmid.2023.v13.i3.5","url":null,"abstract":"Background: There is a scarcity of data on thyroid function abnormality in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outpatients in the world literature since previous studies were done on admitted patients. Aim: The objective of this study was to assess thyroid function tests (TFT) in Libyan outpatients with COVID-19 as well as the possible association between them and some routine hematological, inflammatory and biochemical markers. Methods: Laboratory results were retrospectively reviewed for a total number of 246 patients, where 214 patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 and 32 non-COVID-19 patients were included in the study as a control group. The majority of the patients were females 179 (72.8%) and age range between 18 and 88 years old. They were registered in the outpatient department of COVID-19 at Zaweit-Dahmany Polyclinic in Tripoli, Libya between May and October 2021. Serum levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroid hormones (THs) (triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and free fractions), complete blood count (CBC), C-reactive protein (CRP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), liver function test (LFT), and renal function test (RFT) were measured. Results: Abnormal thyroid function was seen in 17.8% of 214 patients with COVID-19. Twelve patients had isolated low total or free triiodothyronine (FT3), suggestive of nonthyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS), ten patients had hypothyroidism that was subclinical in six patients and overt in the remaining four patients. Three patients had hyperthyroidism. Thirteen patients had different isolated THs abnormalities. Low FT3 was associated with older age (P= 0.035), and it has a weak negative correlation with CRP (-0.335) and LDH (-0.245) (P= 0.001). The thyroid dysfunction (TD) group presented a statistically significant reduction in lymphocytes (P= 0.000), increased neutrophil (P= 0.000), increased CRP (P= 0.000), increased urea (P= 0.014), increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (P= 0.007), a slight reduction in hematocrit (HCT) (P= 0.010), low mean corpuscular volume (MCV) (P= 0.019), and low mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) (P= 0.019) but no significant difference in hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), and platelet count when compared to euthyroid control. Conclusion: Clinicians should be vigilant about the possible presence of thyroid function abnormalities among COVID-19 patients, especially elderly patients, and those with increased inflammatory markers.","PeriodicalId":16603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135959796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: To investigate and analyze the influencing factors of central venous catheter-associated bloodstream infection in patients with emergency hemorrhagic shock. Methods: According to the inclusion criteria, 249 patients with hemorrhagic shock and central venous catheterization admitted to the emergency department of Shanghai First People's Hospital from June 2016 to June 2022 were retrospectively analyzed, and divided into the infection group (54 cases) and the non-infection group (195 cases) according to whether catheter-related bloodstream infection occurred.Multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between central venous catheter-related bloodstream infection and various influencing factors. The etiological and drug susceptibility test data of peripheral venous blood culture, puncture site samples and catheter tip samples from patients with central venous catheter-associated bloodstream infection were statistically analyzed. Results: There were significant differences in age, catheterization location, ultrasound-guided puncture, APACHE ⅱ score, catheter indwelling time and application of broad-spectrum antibiotics between the infected group and the non-infected group (P<0.05). Staphylococcus epidermidis accounted for 44.4%, Escherichia coli 24.1%, and fungi 11.1% in 54 infected patients. The lowest resistance rate of Gram-positive cocci was to vancomycin (3.4%), followed by tetracycline 34.5%, and the highest resistance rate was to amoxicillin 100.0%. Conclusion: The risk factors of central venous catheter-related bloodstream infection in patients with emergency hemorrhagic shock include advanced age, femoral vein catheterization, non-ultrasound-guided puncture, high APACHE ⅱ score, catheter retention time, and application of broad-spectrum antibiotics. Staphylococcus epidermidis the common pathogen of central venous catheterization related infection in emergency hemorrhagic shock patients.
{"title":"Influencing factors of central venous catheter-associated bloodstream infection in patients with emergency hemorrhagic shock","authors":"Jianping zhu, Yanxin Xu, Shaohong Wu, Feiyao Wang, Weixing Zhang, Ruilan Wang","doi":"10.5455/jmid.2023.v13.i3.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/jmid.2023.v13.i3.6","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To investigate and analyze the influencing factors of central venous catheter-associated bloodstream infection in patients with emergency hemorrhagic shock. Methods: According to the inclusion criteria, 249 patients with hemorrhagic shock and central venous catheterization admitted to the emergency department of Shanghai First People's Hospital from June 2016 to June 2022 were retrospectively analyzed, and divided into the infection group (54 cases) and the non-infection group (195 cases) according to whether catheter-related bloodstream infection occurred.Multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between central venous catheter-related bloodstream infection and various influencing factors. The etiological and drug susceptibility test data of peripheral venous blood culture, puncture site samples and catheter tip samples from patients with central venous catheter-associated bloodstream infection were statistically analyzed. Results: There were significant differences in age, catheterization location, ultrasound-guided puncture, APACHE ⅱ score, catheter indwelling time and application of broad-spectrum antibiotics between the infected group and the non-infected group (P<0.05). Staphylococcus epidermidis accounted for 44.4%, Escherichia coli 24.1%, and fungi 11.1% in 54 infected patients. The lowest resistance rate of Gram-positive cocci was to vancomycin (3.4%), followed by tetracycline 34.5%, and the highest resistance rate was to amoxicillin 100.0%. Conclusion: The risk factors of central venous catheter-related bloodstream infection in patients with emergency hemorrhagic shock include advanced age, femoral vein catheterization, non-ultrasound-guided puncture, high APACHE ⅱ score, catheter retention time, and application of broad-spectrum antibiotics. Staphylococcus epidermidis the common pathogen of central venous catheterization related infection in emergency hemorrhagic shock patients.","PeriodicalId":16603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135957725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5455/jmid.2023.v13.i2.7
G. Sharifi, Abdolreza Babamahmoodi, S. Sabeti, Mohammad Hallajnejad, I. Darazam
Background: Echinococcosis is a parasitic and zoonotic disease, usually caused by Echinococcus granulosus or Echinococcus multilocularis, and threatens the health and development of human societies. Worldwide, 3.6 million disability adjusted life years (DALYs) may be lost due to echinococcosis. Case Description: In this report, a 44-year-old man was presented, whose first symptoms were psychological and behavioral changes and headache. After investigations, it was found that he had a mass in the frontal part of the brain, in the heart, and left kidney and spleen without any symptoms and involvement in the liver. After surgery to remove a mass in the brain, a pathologic study confirmed that the patient had echinococcosis. After necessary radiological imaging, the patient underwent surgery to remove cysts. The cyst was successfully removed and the patient was started on albendazole. The patient was discharged in good general condition and followed up for 6 months, during which time their general condition remained very good. Conclusion: To properly diagnose hydatid cyst disease, a thorough examination of all possible sites of involvement is necessary, even if the patient has no symptoms.
{"title":"A middle-aged man with a mass in the brain and heart","authors":"G. Sharifi, Abdolreza Babamahmoodi, S. Sabeti, Mohammad Hallajnejad, I. Darazam","doi":"10.5455/jmid.2023.v13.i2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/jmid.2023.v13.i2.7","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Echinococcosis is a parasitic and zoonotic disease, usually caused by Echinococcus granulosus or Echinococcus multilocularis, and threatens the health and development of human societies. Worldwide, 3.6 million disability adjusted life years (DALYs) may be lost due to echinococcosis. Case Description: In this report, a 44-year-old man was presented, whose first symptoms were psychological and behavioral changes and headache. After investigations, it was found that he had a mass in the frontal part of the brain, in the heart, and left kidney and spleen without any symptoms and involvement in the liver. After surgery to remove a mass in the brain, a pathologic study confirmed that the patient had echinococcosis. After necessary radiological imaging, the patient underwent surgery to remove cysts. The cyst was successfully removed and the patient was started on albendazole. The patient was discharged in good general condition and followed up for 6 months, during which time their general condition remained very good. Conclusion: To properly diagnose hydatid cyst disease, a thorough examination of all possible sites of involvement is necessary, even if the patient has no symptoms.","PeriodicalId":16603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86496339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5455/jmid.2023.v13.i2.4
Yanet Saavedra, L. rez, Vivian Cardell, M. lez, Jaime Pintos, J. Vila, C. Gómez, Elías Guilarte, Yudira Brito, Yoanna Morales, K. Fernández
Background: Cuban studies show high levels of viral resistance in treated and untreated patients. In 2017, dolutegravir was introduced as a rescue therapy in Cuba, and in 2018 as first-line regimens. The aim of this study was to determine the primary and secondary resistance of HIV-1 to dolutegravir in Cuban patients with multiple resistances. Methods: The sample consisted of 29 patients, of which 23 had not been treated with dolutegravir. The viral RNA isolated from plasma was amplified and the fragment of the pol gene encoding viral integrase (3854-5981bp) was sequenced. The viral subtype of the 29 viruses was determined. Results: No primary resistance mutations to dolutegravir were detected in any patient. The polymorphic positions found with greater frequency in the treated patients were: 112 and 119 (both with 73.9%), 125 (69.5%), and 201 (78.2%). Virological suppression was achieved in 18 out of 23 patients (78.2%) and in 14 out of 23 (60.8%) at three and six months after the start of treatment, respectively. Of the six patients who had received dolutegravir prior to this study, four (66.7%) developed resistance to integrase inhibitors. The subtypes found were: B (41%), CRF19_cpx (24%), CRF18_cpx and C (both 14%), and G (7%). Conclusion: Primary resistance to DTG was not detected, while secondary resistance was high in those patients who received a single daily dose of the antiviral. It is necessary to delve into the role of some polymorphisms, more frequent in certain subtypes, and their contribution to primary resistance.
{"title":"Primary and secondary resistance of HIV-1 to integrase inhibitors in Cuban patients infected with multidrug-resistant HIV strains","authors":"Yanet Saavedra, L. rez, Vivian Cardell, M. lez, Jaime Pintos, J. Vila, C. Gómez, Elías Guilarte, Yudira Brito, Yoanna Morales, K. Fernández","doi":"10.5455/jmid.2023.v13.i2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/jmid.2023.v13.i2.4","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cuban studies show high levels of viral resistance in treated and untreated patients. In 2017, dolutegravir was introduced as a rescue therapy in Cuba, and in 2018 as first-line regimens. The aim of this study was to determine the primary and secondary resistance of HIV-1 to dolutegravir in Cuban patients with multiple resistances. Methods: The sample consisted of 29 patients, of which 23 had not been treated with dolutegravir. The viral RNA isolated from plasma was amplified and the fragment of the pol gene encoding viral integrase (3854-5981bp) was sequenced. The viral subtype of the 29 viruses was determined. Results: No primary resistance mutations to dolutegravir were detected in any patient. The polymorphic positions found with greater frequency in the treated patients were: 112 and 119 (both with 73.9%), 125 (69.5%), and 201 (78.2%). Virological suppression was achieved in 18 out of 23 patients (78.2%) and in 14 out of 23 (60.8%) at three and six months after the start of treatment, respectively. Of the six patients who had received dolutegravir prior to this study, four (66.7%) developed resistance to integrase inhibitors. The subtypes found were: B (41%), CRF19_cpx (24%), CRF18_cpx and C (both 14%), and G (7%). Conclusion: Primary resistance to DTG was not detected, while secondary resistance was high in those patients who received a single daily dose of the antiviral. It is necessary to delve into the role of some polymorphisms, more frequent in certain subtypes, and their contribution to primary resistance.","PeriodicalId":16603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76221385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5455/jmid.2023.v13.i3.2
P Ali
The primary objective of this review is to describe the various mechanisms of RNA interference (RNAi) suppression in emerging RNA viruses. A search was conducted using MeSH terms such as “emerging RNA viruses,” “RNA interference,” “RNAi suppression in West Nile virus, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, Ebola virus, H1N1, and Zika virus,” “viral suppressors of RNAi in West Nile virus, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, Ebola virus, H1N1, and Zika virus,” and “siRNA prophylaxis and treatment for emerging viruses” in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases. The inclusion criteria for this review encompass articles published in English between 2000 and 2023 on RNAi suppression in emerging viruses. Excluded were studies that inhibited viral replication through methods other than RNAi suppression. Viral suppressors of RNAi (VSR) typically silence RNAi by binding to viral double-stranded RNA intermediate and small interfering RNA (siRNA). Zika virus and coronaviruses execute RNAi suppression through VSR interactions with RNA. However, unique mechanisms of RNAi suppression were observed in West Nile virus (WNV), Ebola virus, and Influenza A–H1N1. In WNV, a unique protein-RNA interaction was noted, wherein subgenomic RNA directly interacts with Dicer to inhibit RNAi. In Ebola and the H1N1 virus, protein–protein interactions are employed to silence RNAi. VP35 of the Ebola virus binds to Dicer partner proteins, TAR-RNA binding protein (TRBP), and protein activator of protein kinase R (PACT ), while the nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) of H1N1 binds to TRBP to suppress RNAi. Several research studies have demonstrated that by varying the delivery and dosage of siRNAs, they can be used as tools to effectively hinder the replication of emerging viruses in both cell cultures and animal models. Therefore, siRNAs can be used for prophylaxis and postexposure treatment of these viruses. Currently, no vaccines or antivirals exist for many emerging viruses, which employ diverse mechanisms to suppress RNAi. Nevertheless, siRNAs provide an attractive novel tool for prophylactic and postexposure treatment of these viruses.
本文综述的主要目的是描述新兴RNA病毒中RNA干扰(RNAi)抑制的各种机制。在PubMed、Scopus、Web of Science、ScienceDirect和Google Scholar数据库中使用MeSH术语进行检索，如“新兴RNA病毒”、“RNA干扰”、“西尼罗河病毒、SARS-CoV、MERS-CoV、SARS-CoV-2、埃博拉病毒、H1N1和寨卡病毒中的RNAi抑制因子”、“新兴病毒的siRNA预防和治疗”。本综述的纳入标准包括2000年至2023年间发表的关于新兴病毒中RNAi抑制的英文文章。排除了通过RNAi抑制以外的方法抑制病毒复制的研究。RNAi的病毒抑制因子(VSR)通常通过结合病毒双链RNA、中间RNA和小干扰RNA (siRNA)来沉默RNAi。寨卡病毒和冠状病毒通过与RNA的VSR相互作用来抑制RNAi。然而，在西尼罗河病毒(WNV)、埃博拉病毒和甲型h1n1流感病毒中发现了独特的RNAi抑制机制。在西尼罗河病毒中，注意到一种独特的蛋白质-RNA相互作用，其中亚基因组RNA直接与Dicer相互作用以抑制RNAi。在埃博拉病毒和H1N1病毒中，蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用被用来沉默RNAi。埃博拉病毒的VP35与Dicer伴侣蛋白、TAR-RNA结合蛋白(TRBP)和蛋白激酶R激活因子(PACT)结合，而H1N1病毒的非结构蛋白1 (NS1)与TRBP结合抑制RNAi。几项研究表明，通过改变sirna的递送和剂量，它们可以作为工具，在细胞培养和动物模型中有效地阻止新兴病毒的复制。因此，sirna可用于这些病毒的预防和暴露后治疗。目前，许多新出现的病毒没有疫苗或抗病毒药物，它们采用不同的机制来抑制RNAi。尽管如此，sirna为这些病毒的预防和暴露后治疗提供了一个有吸引力的新工具。
{"title":"Suppressors of silencers: Exploring viral suppression of RNAi in emerging RNA viruses","authors":"P Ali","doi":"10.5455/jmid.2023.v13.i3.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/jmid.2023.v13.i3.2","url":null,"abstract":"The primary objective of this review is to describe the various mechanisms of RNA interference (RNAi) suppression in emerging RNA viruses. A search was conducted using MeSH terms such as “emerging RNA viruses,” “RNA interference,” “RNAi suppression in West Nile virus, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, Ebola virus, H1N1, and Zika virus,” “viral suppressors of RNAi in West Nile virus, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, Ebola virus, H1N1, and Zika virus,” and “siRNA prophylaxis and treatment for emerging viruses” in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases. The inclusion criteria for this review encompass articles published in English between 2000 and 2023 on RNAi suppression in emerging viruses. Excluded were studies that inhibited viral replication through methods other than RNAi suppression. Viral suppressors of RNAi (VSR) typically silence RNAi by binding to viral double-stranded RNA intermediate and small interfering RNA (siRNA). Zika virus and coronaviruses execute RNAi suppression through VSR interactions with RNA. However, unique mechanisms of RNAi suppression were observed in West Nile virus (WNV), Ebola virus, and Influenza A–H1N1. In WNV, a unique protein-RNA interaction was noted, wherein subgenomic RNA directly interacts with Dicer to inhibit RNAi. In Ebola and the H1N1 virus, protein–protein interactions are employed to silence RNAi. VP35 of the Ebola virus binds to Dicer partner proteins, TAR-RNA binding protein (TRBP), and protein activator of protein kinase R (PACT ), while the nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) of H1N1 binds to TRBP to suppress RNAi. Several research studies have demonstrated that by varying the delivery and dosage of siRNAs, they can be used as tools to effectively hinder the replication of emerging viruses in both cell cultures and animal models. Therefore, siRNAs can be used for prophylaxis and postexposure treatment of these viruses. Currently, no vaccines or antivirals exist for many emerging viruses, which employ diverse mechanisms to suppress RNAi. Nevertheless, siRNAs provide an attractive novel tool for prophylactic and postexposure treatment of these viruses.","PeriodicalId":16603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135844184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: The objective of our work was to determine the bacteriological profile and antibiotic sensitivity of bacteria isolated from diabetic foot wounds. Methods: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study from July 1 to December 31, 2020. During this period, all diabetic patients with wounds were sampled. The different samples were plated on appropriate media. The identification of the isolated bacterial strains as well as the study of their sensitivity to antibiotics was performed according to conventional methods. Results: A total of 689 diabetic patients were followed during this period, 58 (8.41%) had infected foot wounds. The average age was 53.6 years with a sex ratio (M/F) of 1.15. Bacteriological analyses allowed the isolation of 48 bacterial strains (10 different species) with a predominance of Staphylococcus aureus (35.42%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (20.84%), Escherichia coli (12.50%), Enterobacter aerogenes (10.42%). We observed a predominance of Gram-negative bacilli (56.25%). The sensitivity tests performed on the identified bacteria showed that 100% of the enterobacteria strains were sensitive to Ertapenem and Imipenem, except for Proteus mirabilis. Four strains were tested for extended-spectrum betalactamase (ESBL) and none were producers. All Gram positive cocci isolates were sensitive to vancomycin and resistant to penicillin G. Staphylococcus aureus strains were sensitive to erythromycin (82.35%), Kanamycin (82.35%) and Oxacillin (82.35%). Conclusion: These results show that diabetic foot wound infections are becoming more frequent. It is necessary to manage them with adequate antibiotic therapy based on an antibiogram to avoid the spread of multi-resistant bacterial strains.
{"title":"Bacteriological profile and antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria isolated from diabetic foot ulcers at the National Hospital of Niamey","authors":"Abdoulaye Ousmane, Sanda Souley, Biraima Ahamadou, Moumouni Aziz, Harouna Laouali, Guiet Fatima, Maman dou, Sidi Boukar, Laouli Boubou, Tapsoba ois","doi":"10.5455/jmid.2023.v13.i3.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/jmid.2023.v13.i3.7","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The objective of our work was to determine the bacteriological profile and antibiotic sensitivity of bacteria isolated from diabetic foot wounds. Methods: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study from July 1 to December 31, 2020. During this period, all diabetic patients with wounds were sampled. The different samples were plated on appropriate media. The identification of the isolated bacterial strains as well as the study of their sensitivity to antibiotics was performed according to conventional methods. Results: A total of 689 diabetic patients were followed during this period, 58 (8.41%) had infected foot wounds. The average age was 53.6 years with a sex ratio (M/F) of 1.15. Bacteriological analyses allowed the isolation of 48 bacterial strains (10 different species) with a predominance of Staphylococcus aureus (35.42%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (20.84%), Escherichia coli (12.50%), Enterobacter aerogenes (10.42%). We observed a predominance of Gram-negative bacilli (56.25%). The sensitivity tests performed on the identified bacteria showed that 100% of the enterobacteria strains were sensitive to Ertapenem and Imipenem, except for Proteus mirabilis. Four strains were tested for extended-spectrum betalactamase (ESBL) and none were producers. All Gram positive cocci isolates were sensitive to vancomycin and resistant to penicillin G. Staphylococcus aureus strains were sensitive to erythromycin (82.35%), Kanamycin (82.35%) and Oxacillin (82.35%). Conclusion: These results show that diabetic foot wound infections are becoming more frequent. It is necessary to manage them with adequate antibiotic therapy based on an antibiogram to avoid the spread of multi-resistant bacterial strains.","PeriodicalId":16603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135957884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Foodborne illness is a global concern and identification of pathogens that cause foodborne disease is a public health priority. Serratia marcescens is an opportunistic pathogen responsible for food poisoning due to its ability to colonize the gastrointestinal surfaces. S. marcescens is also responsible for causing a wide range of extraintestinal infections like pneumonia, urinary tract infection, keratitis, etc. Aim: The current study investigated the presence of antibiotic resistant virulent S. marcescens from street food samples. Methods: Two pigmented S. marcescens were recovered from Panipuri samples which were then identified using VITEK® GN cards. The virulence genes and the antibiotic resistance genes harboured by the S. marcescens isolates were investigated and further transformation assay was conducted to check the horizontal transferability of the plasmid carrying the antimicrobial resistance genes. Incompatibility typing of the transformants were also assessed and ERIC PCR was performed to check the heterogeneity of the S. marcescens isolates. Results: Two S. marcescens isolates harbouring virulence genes as well as antibiotic resistance genes were detected in this study and it was observed that Inc FIB type plasmid was carrying the resistance genes. Conclusion: The co-existence of both the virulence and antibiotic resistance genes in the two S. marcescens isolates warrants proper surveillance in order to prevent the spread of such pathogenic strains in environment as well as community through food samples.
{"title":"Occurrence of virulent Serratia marcescens with co-existing antibiotic resistance determinants in ready-to-eat food samples","authors":"Sayani Roy, Jayalaxmi Wangkheimayum, Sanchari Choudhury, Bhaskar Das, Pranab Mazumder, Amitabha Bhattacharjee","doi":"10.5455/jmid.2023.v13.i3.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/jmid.2023.v13.i3.3","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Foodborne illness is a global concern and identification of pathogens that cause foodborne disease is a public health priority. Serratia marcescens is an opportunistic pathogen responsible for food poisoning due to its ability to colonize the gastrointestinal surfaces. S. marcescens is also responsible for causing a wide range of extraintestinal infections like pneumonia, urinary tract infection, keratitis, etc. Aim: The current study investigated the presence of antibiotic resistant virulent S. marcescens from street food samples. Methods: Two pigmented S. marcescens were recovered from Panipuri samples which were then identified using VITEK® GN cards. The virulence genes and the antibiotic resistance genes harboured by the S. marcescens isolates were investigated and further transformation assay was conducted to check the horizontal transferability of the plasmid carrying the antimicrobial resistance genes. Incompatibility typing of the transformants were also assessed and ERIC PCR was performed to check the heterogeneity of the S. marcescens isolates. Results: Two S. marcescens isolates harbouring virulence genes as well as antibiotic resistance genes were detected in this study and it was observed that Inc FIB type plasmid was carrying the resistance genes. Conclusion: The co-existence of both the virulence and antibiotic resistance genes in the two S. marcescens isolates warrants proper surveillance in order to prevent the spread of such pathogenic strains in environment as well as community through food samples.","PeriodicalId":16603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135957898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5455/jmid.2023.v13.i2.5
Y. Gou, Yan-ping Huang, Chun Yu, Kaike Ping, Z. Tao, Jun Wu, M. Lei
Background: To be aware of infection combining the avian influenza H9N2 virus with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) increases the risk of the disease. Through epidemiological investigation, a better grasp of the pathogenetic process and possible sources of infection. Diagnostic criteria and laboratory tests were used to confirm the pathogen. Case Description: This patient was diagnosed with avian influenza H9N2 subtype and HIV infection according to diagnostic criteria. Environmental daub swab of two live poultry markets showed H9 positive. His family members were not detected with HIV and H9 subtype. The patient died from an H9N2 virus infection with HIV under specialists’ consultation. Conclusion: The diagnostic capability of H9N2 and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) in primary care should be noticed and improved. Infection with the H9N2 virus and HIV should be paid more attention to prevent public health events.
{"title":"Epidemiological investigation of a death case infection with H9N2 avian influenza and HIV in Guizhou Province, China, 2021","authors":"Y. Gou, Yan-ping Huang, Chun Yu, Kaike Ping, Z. Tao, Jun Wu, M. Lei","doi":"10.5455/jmid.2023.v13.i2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/jmid.2023.v13.i2.5","url":null,"abstract":"Background: To be aware of infection combining the avian influenza H9N2 virus with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) increases the risk of the disease. Through epidemiological investigation, a better grasp of the pathogenetic process and possible sources of infection. Diagnostic criteria and laboratory tests were used to confirm the pathogen. Case Description: This patient was diagnosed with avian influenza H9N2 subtype and HIV infection according to diagnostic criteria. Environmental daub swab of two live poultry markets showed H9 positive. His family members were not detected with HIV and H9 subtype. The patient died from an H9N2 virus infection with HIV under specialists’ consultation. Conclusion: The diagnostic capability of H9N2 and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) in primary care should be noticed and improved. Infection with the H9N2 virus and HIV should be paid more attention to prevent public health events.","PeriodicalId":16603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"125 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77562930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Gonococcus-GC) is a fastidious, autolytic Gram-negative diplococcus with stringent growth requirements, and cannot be cultivated in a routine microbiology laboratory, without well-equipped incubators, reagents and special media. Hence, many clinics and laboratories prefer to ship the specimens or isolates to a dedicated referral laboratory for confirmation of isolates and the antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Thus, transportation conditions for gonococcal isolates, become crucial for its recovery and successful isolation in the laboratory. This retrospective study was conducted at a national referral laboratory for gonococcus, in India, over a period of three years. Aim: In this study, an attempt was made to determine the factors affecting revival of isolates of gonococci, that were despatched, from across India, to the referral laboratory for confirmation of species and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. Method: Over a three-year period, the culture plates, test tubes or vials used for transporting gonococcal isolates, and their modes of transport to referral laboratory, were studied in detail. The isolates were revived (whenever possible), sub cultured and identified by standard methods in the referral laboratory. Results: A total of 77 samples were processed for revival and 83.12 % of isolates were recovered, with failure of recovery in 16.88 % of specimens. Conclusion: Several factors play a role in the successful revival of Neisseria gonorrhoeae from culture isolates transported across the Indian subcontinent. These include- purity of growth, culture media used for transport, sending of isolates in duplicates, temperature, time, distance and season of transport. All these factors must be kept in mind when transporting gonococcal isolates, for successful revival. Finally, the skills of the laboratory technician are of immense importance too.
{"title":"Quest for ideal transport conditions and factors affecting revival of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates: Experience of a National Reference Laboratory","authors":"Madhavi Kirti, Sumathi Muralidhar, Abhishek Lachyan, Devanshi Sharma, Naveen Joshi, Niti Khunger","doi":"10.5455/jmid.2023.v13.i3.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/jmid.2023.v13.i3.4","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Gonococcus-GC) is a fastidious, autolytic Gram-negative diplococcus with stringent growth requirements, and cannot be cultivated in a routine microbiology laboratory, without well-equipped incubators, reagents and special media. Hence, many clinics and laboratories prefer to ship the specimens or isolates to a dedicated referral laboratory for confirmation of isolates and the antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Thus, transportation conditions for gonococcal isolates, become crucial for its recovery and successful isolation in the laboratory. This retrospective study was conducted at a national referral laboratory for gonococcus, in India, over a period of three years. Aim: In this study, an attempt was made to determine the factors affecting revival of isolates of gonococci, that were despatched, from across India, to the referral laboratory for confirmation of species and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. Method: Over a three-year period, the culture plates, test tubes or vials used for transporting gonococcal isolates, and their modes of transport to referral laboratory, were studied in detail. The isolates were revived (whenever possible), sub cultured and identified by standard methods in the referral laboratory. Results: A total of 77 samples were processed for revival and 83.12 % of isolates were recovered, with failure of recovery in 16.88 % of specimens. Conclusion: Several factors play a role in the successful revival of Neisseria gonorrhoeae from culture isolates transported across the Indian subcontinent. These include- purity of growth, culture media used for transport, sending of isolates in duplicates, temperature, time, distance and season of transport. All these factors must be kept in mind when transporting gonococcal isolates, for successful revival. Finally, the skills of the laboratory technician are of immense importance too.","PeriodicalId":16603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135958461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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