Growing palm in peatlands triggers the growth in the population of insect pests, and one of them is Coptotermes curvignathus , a significant insect pest of oil palm in peatlands. Damage caused by this species can be seen in oil palm as early as 12 months after planting. The initial census is one of the methods to identify the attacks, but the index status guide for each attack by the pest needs to be fully developed. Thus, this study investigates an index of attack by C. curvignathus and the water table at an oil palm plantation in Sri Aman, Sarawak. The Termite Infestation Severity Index (TISI) with water table was assessed based on four parameters recorded during data collection and ground census in the field. Based on the visual symptom guide, a scale from 0 to 9 was used to rate the severity of the termite infestation in which a higher scale denotes a more progressive infestation stage than the lower scales. The study area was arranged into several task plots. Statistical analysis results revealed a significantly higher ( P <0.05) average percentage of infection rates percentage from task 12 at (58.62±1.99%) compared to other plots. The infestation average ranged from 7.92 ± 3.58% to 58.62 ±1.99%. Meanwhile, on the water table level, the reading varied between 41.00 cm (task 17) and 67.50 cm (task 10) in the same area. A moderately negative correlation was found between the TISI and water table from two census sessions, notably during the first and fourth census (r = -0.432 and -0.566, respectively). Overall, correlation analysis for the entire census demonstrated a moderately inverse link (r = -0.326) between the TISI and water table. This study revealed a possible inverse relationship between TISI and water table that influences the severity of termite infestation in the field. Future studies may include additional data such as population density, precipitation and deadwood/log or stump presence in the area.
{"title":"ASSESSMENT OF SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE, Coptotermes curvignathus (ISOPTERA: RHINOTERMITIDAE) INFESTATION SEVERITY INDEX (TISI) AND WATER TABLE ON A PEAT OIL PALM PLANTATION IN SARAWAK","authors":"Mohamad Rosman Sulaiman","doi":"10.21894/jopr.2023.0044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21894/jopr.2023.0044","url":null,"abstract":"Growing palm in peatlands triggers the growth in the population of insect pests, and one of them is Coptotermes curvignathus , a significant insect pest of oil palm in peatlands. Damage caused by this species can be seen in oil palm as early as 12 months after planting. The initial census is one of the methods to identify the attacks, but the index status guide for each attack by the pest needs to be fully developed. Thus, this study investigates an index of attack by C. curvignathus and the water table at an oil palm plantation in Sri Aman, Sarawak. The Termite Infestation Severity Index (TISI) with water table was assessed based on four parameters recorded during data collection and ground census in the field. Based on the visual symptom guide, a scale from 0 to 9 was used to rate the severity of the termite infestation in which a higher scale denotes a more progressive infestation stage than the lower scales. The study area was arranged into several task plots. Statistical analysis results revealed a significantly higher ( P <0.05) average percentage of infection rates percentage from task 12 at (58.62±1.99%) compared to other plots. The infestation average ranged from 7.92 ± 3.58% to 58.62 ±1.99%. Meanwhile, on the water table level, the reading varied between 41.00 cm (task 17) and 67.50 cm (task 10) in the same area. A moderately negative correlation was found between the TISI and water table from two census sessions, notably during the first and fourth census (r = -0.432 and -0.566, respectively). Overall, correlation analysis for the entire census demonstrated a moderately inverse link (r = -0.326) between the TISI and water table. This study revealed a possible inverse relationship between TISI and water table that influences the severity of termite infestation in the field. Future studies may include additional data such as population density, precipitation and deadwood/log or stump presence in the area.","PeriodicalId":16613,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oil Palm Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47522538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The spread of bud rot disease in oil palm-growing regions of South America has led to the uptake of interspecific hybrids which show some resistance to the disease, but require assisted pollination. A study was carried out to assess pollen viability from commercial oil palm species ( Elaeis guineensis (G), interspecific hybrids (OxG)) and Elaeis oleifera (O) from the Pacific coast and Amazon regions of Ecuador. Elaeis guineensis consistently produced pollen of high viability in the Amazon region (95.0%) and Pacific coast (94.0%), while pollen from E. oleifera had high viability when produced in the Amazon region (93.7%) but lower viability from the Pacific coast (53.2%). Pollen from oil palm hybrids had very low viability on the Pacific coast. Another objective was to determine the impact of applying pollen from E. guineensis and hybrids on fruit set and parthenocarpy by means of assisted pollination trials in both regions. The application of E. guineensis pollen resulted in a higher fruit set in comparison with assisted pollination using hybrid’s pollen. A low fruit set was compensated by greater production of parthenocarpic fruits in the hybrids, which increased the final bunch weight. The study provides a guide to pollination in both regions.
{"title":"OIL PALM POLLEN COMPATIBILITY WITH OxG HYBRIDS IN ECUADOR","authors":"María Raquel Meléndez Jácome","doi":"10.21894/jopr.2023.0041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21894/jopr.2023.0041","url":null,"abstract":"The spread of bud rot disease in oil palm-growing regions of South America has led to the uptake of interspecific hybrids which show some resistance to the disease, but require assisted pollination. A study was carried out to assess pollen viability from commercial oil palm species ( Elaeis guineensis (G), interspecific hybrids (OxG)) and Elaeis oleifera (O) from the Pacific coast and Amazon regions of Ecuador. Elaeis guineensis consistently produced pollen of high viability in the Amazon region (95.0%) and Pacific coast (94.0%), while pollen from E. oleifera had high viability when produced in the Amazon region (93.7%) but lower viability from the Pacific coast (53.2%). Pollen from oil palm hybrids had very low viability on the Pacific coast. Another objective was to determine the impact of applying pollen from E. guineensis and hybrids on fruit set and parthenocarpy by means of assisted pollination trials in both regions. The application of E. guineensis pollen resulted in a higher fruit set in comparison with assisted pollination using hybrid’s pollen. A low fruit set was compensated by greater production of parthenocarpic fruits in the hybrids, which increased the final bunch weight. The study provides a guide to pollination in both regions.","PeriodicalId":16613,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oil Palm Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41931156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Centella asiatica , commonly known as Pegaga, is renowned in Malaysia for its abundant bioactive compound content, making it a highly valued herb. These bioactive compounds, including phenolics, antioxidants, and triterpenes, possess pharmacological activities that are beneficial for health. To optimise the properties of these bioactive compounds, Pegaga Kampung, a superior variety of C. asiatica in Malaysia, was cultivated in 14 different formulations of fortified media. The fortified media were formulated by incorporating various ratios of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) biocompost, oil palm kernel shell (OPKS) biochar, organic fertiliser, inorganic fertiliser and soils. Our findings showed that fortified media with a high biocompost ratio of 25:75 (soil:biocompost) and enriched with inorganic fertiliser had a 33% enhanced total phenolic content (TPC). The combination of soil, biocompost and biochar at a ratio of 50:25:25, enriched with organic fertiliser, was found to increase the TPC by 30% and the antioxidant properties by 16% compared to cultivation in soil alone (control). This suggested that the use of fortified media containing OPEFB biocompost and OPKS biochar, along with organic or inorganic fertilisers, significantly improves the bioactive compound characteristics of C. asiatica .
{"title":"FORMULATION OF FORTIFIED MEDIA CONSISTING OF OIL PALM EMPTY FRUIT BUNCH BIOCOMPOST AND OIL PALM KERNEL SHELL BIOCHAR FOR THE ENHANCEMENT OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS IN Centella asiatica (L.) URBAN","authors":"Izza Nadira Abu Bakar","doi":"10.21894/jopr.2023.0039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21894/jopr.2023.0039","url":null,"abstract":"Centella asiatica , commonly known as Pegaga, is renowned in Malaysia for its abundant bioactive compound content, making it a highly valued herb. These bioactive compounds, including phenolics, antioxidants, and triterpenes, possess pharmacological activities that are beneficial for health. To optimise the properties of these bioactive compounds, Pegaga Kampung, a superior variety of C. asiatica in Malaysia, was cultivated in 14 different formulations of fortified media. The fortified media were formulated by incorporating various ratios of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) biocompost, oil palm kernel shell (OPKS) biochar, organic fertiliser, inorganic fertiliser and soils. Our findings showed that fortified media with a high biocompost ratio of 25:75 (soil:biocompost) and enriched with inorganic fertiliser had a 33% enhanced total phenolic content (TPC). The combination of soil, biocompost and biochar at a ratio of 50:25:25, enriched with organic fertiliser, was found to increase the TPC by 30% and the antioxidant properties by 16% compared to cultivation in soil alone (control). This suggested that the use of fortified media containing OPEFB biocompost and OPKS biochar, along with organic or inorganic fertilisers, significantly improves the bioactive compound characteristics of C. asiatica .","PeriodicalId":16613,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oil Palm Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43196165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Soil microorganisms are vital to the overall function, stability and sustainability of the ecosystem. Microbial communities are key bio-indicators for sustainable agro-ecosystem management and for evaluating oil palm soil health in Malaysia. The development of effective methods for studying the diversity, distribution and behaviour of soil microorganisms is essential for a broader understanding of soil quality and fertility. In the past, culture-dependent, Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) and Terminal-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (T-RFLP) were used to assess soil microbial community, abundance and diversity in the oil palm soils. However, these methods have significant shortcomings and limitations in microbial ecology monitoring. In recent years, high-throughput next-generation sequencing has dramatically increased the resolution and detectable spectrum of microbial from environmental samples, and has played a significant role in microbial ecology studies. Next-generation sequencing using 454-pyrosequencing, Ion Torrent, Illumina and PacBio platforms are rapid and flexible. These sequencing platforms are powerful metagenomic tools for analysing microbial communities, including their structure, metabolic potential, diversity and their impact on ecosystem functions. In this review, the major development of molecular approaches used in the characterisation of soil microbial community dynamics and their functions in Malaysian oil palm plantations are also discussed.
{"title":"MOLECULAR APPROACHES IN ASSESSING THE SOIL MICROBIAL DIVERSITY OF MALAYSIAN OIL PALM PLANTATIONS: A REVIEW","authors":"Z. Ayob","doi":"10.21894/jopr.2023.0037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21894/jopr.2023.0037","url":null,"abstract":"Soil microorganisms are vital to the overall function, stability and sustainability of the ecosystem. Microbial communities are key bio-indicators for sustainable agro-ecosystem management and for evaluating oil palm soil health in Malaysia. The development of effective methods for studying the diversity, distribution and behaviour of soil microorganisms is essential for a broader understanding of soil quality and fertility. In the past, culture-dependent, Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) and Terminal-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (T-RFLP) were used to assess soil microbial community, abundance and diversity in the oil palm soils. However, these methods have significant shortcomings and limitations in microbial ecology monitoring. In recent years, high-throughput next-generation sequencing has dramatically increased the resolution and detectable spectrum of microbial from environmental samples, and has played a significant role in microbial ecology studies. Next-generation sequencing using 454-pyrosequencing, Ion Torrent, Illumina and PacBio platforms are rapid and flexible. These sequencing platforms are powerful metagenomic tools for analysing microbial communities, including their structure, metabolic potential, diversity and their impact on ecosystem functions. In this review, the major development of molecular approaches used in the characterisation of soil microbial community dynamics and their functions in Malaysian oil palm plantations are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":16613,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oil Palm Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47426399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research aims to examine fat from various vegetable oils using n-alkane profiles, as well as chemometrics and machine learning. Unsaponifiable vegetable oils (coconut, peanut, palm and soybean oils) were separated and analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to investigate the n-alkane profiles of each fat. The authenticity of the detected n-alkane profiles was determined by comparing to the retention time of C 7 -C 40 n-alkane standards. The test designs were developed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Hierarchical Clustering Analysis (HCA), Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA), and Random Forest (RF). Both PCA and HCA appeared to provide a clear distinction between each of the vegetable oil tests. Based on the PLS-DA and RF determination, tetracosane (C 24 ) and octadecane (C 18 ) are proposed as the key n-alkane markers for separating lard from vegetable oils. These findings suggest that additional work may be required to achieve and determine the different characteristics across oils in numerous statistical applications, notably chemometrics and machine learning.
{"title":"N-ALKANE PROFILES OF LARD AND VEGETABLE OILS, AND THEIR CHEMOMETRICS DIFFERENTIATION","authors":"Nur Ain Syaqirah Sapian","doi":"10.21894/jopr.2023.0038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21894/jopr.2023.0038","url":null,"abstract":"This research aims to examine fat from various vegetable oils using n-alkane profiles, as well as chemometrics and machine learning. Unsaponifiable vegetable oils (coconut, peanut, palm and soybean oils) were separated and analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to investigate the n-alkane profiles of each fat. The authenticity of the detected n-alkane profiles was determined by comparing to the retention time of C 7 -C 40 n-alkane standards. The test designs were developed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Hierarchical Clustering Analysis (HCA), Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA), and Random Forest (RF). Both PCA and HCA appeared to provide a clear distinction between each of the vegetable oil tests. Based on the PLS-DA and RF determination, tetracosane (C 24 ) and octadecane (C 18 ) are proposed as the key n-alkane markers for separating lard from vegetable oils. These findings suggest that additional work may be required to achieve and determine the different characteristics across oils in numerous statistical applications, notably chemometrics and machine learning.","PeriodicalId":16613,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oil Palm Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44793760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sagalassa valida is a pest of economic importance because the larval stage feeds on the root system of the oil palm. In this investigation, the life cycle, the population dynamics of the adults, and their natural enemies were determined through biweekly samplings for 43 months in two lots of oil palm; located in the Central and Western Zone of Colombia. It was determined that the life cycle of S. valida is 64.1 days on average; the duration of each stage was: egg 9.2 ± 0.5 days, larva 38.1 ± 4.9 days (five instars), prepupa 2.9 ± 1.1 days, pupa 13.9 ± 1.1 days and adult 12.3 ± 4.3 days. The adults of S. valida were present in the two zones during the study; using Spearman’s correlation index, it was determined that in the Central Zone, the precipitation presented a direct and significant correlation with the variables: number of males ( ρ = 0.24; P = 0.023) and the total number of adults ( ρ = 0.21; P = 0.044). Ten natural enemies of S. valida and 14 weeds were identified in the study areas. This information is essential to implement an efficient management strategy for S. valida in plantations.
{"title":"BIOLOGY AND POPULATION DYNAMICS OF ADULT Sagalassa valida WALKER, 1856 (Lepidoptera: Brachodidae), THE OIL PALM ROOT BORER IN COLOMBIA","authors":"Carlos Andrés Sendoya Corrales","doi":"10.21894/jopr.2023.0034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21894/jopr.2023.0034","url":null,"abstract":"Sagalassa valida is a pest of economic importance because the larval stage feeds on the root system of the oil palm. In this investigation, the life cycle, the population dynamics of the adults, and their natural enemies were determined through biweekly samplings for 43 months in two lots of oil palm; located in the Central and Western Zone of Colombia. It was determined that the life cycle of S. valida is 64.1 days on average; the duration of each stage was: egg 9.2 ± 0.5 days, larva 38.1 ± 4.9 days (five instars), prepupa 2.9 ± 1.1 days, pupa 13.9 ± 1.1 days and adult 12.3 ± 4.3 days. The adults of S. valida were present in the two zones during the study; using Spearman’s correlation index, it was determined that in the Central Zone, the precipitation presented a direct and significant correlation with the variables: number of males ( ρ = 0.24; P = 0.023) and the total number of adults ( ρ = 0.21; P = 0.044). Ten natural enemies of S. valida and 14 weeds were identified in the study areas. This information is essential to implement an efficient management strategy for S. valida in plantations.","PeriodicalId":16613,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oil Palm Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48661318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pollinating activity of Elaeidobius kamerunicus Faust (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) was studied in oil palm-cocoa intercrop conditions in Andhra Pradesh, India. The study showed a high abundance of E. kamerunicus on anthesising as well as post-anthesised male inflorescences for a greater part of the year i.e. , 62.2 to 162.2 and 39.3 to 87.3 weevils/spikelet respectively. Although, pollinator density declined during summer months, it was sufficient for effecting satisfactory fruit set. Peak activity was noticed in February. Pearson correlation analysis showed highly significant negative correlations between pollinator population and minimum, maximum and mean temperatures. Pollinator population peaked on 3 rd day of anthesis on male inflorescences, and on 2 nd day of anthesis on female inflorescences. Weevil activity recorded on the day of highest abundance during anthesis revealed a peak activity between 10:00-12:00 hr and 10:00-13:00 hr on male and female inflorescences respectively. Rat predation on the pollinator was noticed throughout the year with a higher level of predation during summer months. In spite of negative effects posed by abiotic and biotic factors, E. kamerunicus density and pollinating efficiency were high throughout the year for the purpose of achieving a higher fruit set (79.6%-93.6%). The practical implications of this knowledge are discussed.
{"title":"POLLINATION ACTIVITY OF Elaeidobius kamerunicus FAUST IN OIL PALM AND COCOA (Theobroma cacao L.) INTERCROPPING SYSTEM IN INDIA","authors":"L. Saravanan","doi":"10.21894/jopr.2023.0035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21894/jopr.2023.0035","url":null,"abstract":"Pollinating activity of Elaeidobius kamerunicus Faust (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) was studied in oil palm-cocoa intercrop conditions in Andhra Pradesh, India. The study showed a high abundance of E. kamerunicus on anthesising as well as post-anthesised male inflorescences for a greater part of the year i.e. , 62.2 to 162.2 and 39.3 to 87.3 weevils/spikelet respectively. Although, pollinator density declined during summer months, it was sufficient for effecting satisfactory fruit set. Peak activity was noticed in February. Pearson correlation analysis showed highly significant negative correlations between pollinator population and minimum, maximum and mean temperatures. Pollinator population peaked on 3 rd day of anthesis on male inflorescences, and on 2 nd day of anthesis on female inflorescences. Weevil activity recorded on the day of highest abundance during anthesis revealed a peak activity between 10:00-12:00 hr and 10:00-13:00 hr on male and female inflorescences respectively. Rat predation on the pollinator was noticed throughout the year with a higher level of predation during summer months. In spite of negative effects posed by abiotic and biotic factors, E. kamerunicus density and pollinating efficiency were high throughout the year for the purpose of achieving a higher fruit set (79.6%-93.6%). The practical implications of this knowledge are discussed.","PeriodicalId":16613,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oil Palm Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42463039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The larvae of the bagworm Mahasena corbetti Tams (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) cause significant yield losses by defoliation of the oil palm crop in Malaysia. This necessitates the development of an effective and sustainable control strategies against this pest. The objective of this study was to identify M. corbetti via molecular techniques and evaluate the potential of a local strain of Bacillus thuringiensis (MPOB Bt1), as a biocontrol agent for the pest. Morphological and molecular analysis was performed to identify M. corbetti , using the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene for genetic identification. The results showed that M. corbetti isolate SH01 (GenBank accession number MN373269) had a high degree of similarity (98.52%, 0.0 E-value) with the COI gene of M. corbetti voucher GB270DN1795 (GenBank accession number MG574312) collected in India and 100% BOLD similarities with the COI gene of M. corbetti from Singapore (BOLD ID PSYCH113-12). Laboratory bioassay showed 100% mortality of M. corbetti larvae three days after treatment with MPOB Bt1 (10 8 spores/mL). The results demonstrate the potential of MPOB Bt1 as an environmentally friendly biopesticide against M. corbetti in oil palm, but optimisation and efficacy in other pests require further research. Furthermore, biocontrol can be used as part of an integrated pest management program against bagworms and other lepidopteran pests.
在马来西亚，袋虫的幼虫使油棕作物落叶，造成重大的产量损失。这就需要针对这种有害生物制定有效和可持续的控制战略。本研究的目的是通过分子技术鉴定M. corbetti，并评估当地菌株苏云金芽孢杆菌(MPOB Bt1)作为害虫生物防治剂的潜力。利用线粒体细胞色素氧化酶I (cytochrome oxidase I, COI)基因进行遗传鉴定。结果表明，分离株SH01 (GenBank登录号MN373269)与印度产M. corbetti凭证GB270DN1795 (GenBank登录号MG574312)的COI基因高度相似(98.52%，0.0 e值)，与新加坡产M. corbetti COI基因(BOLD ID PSYCH113-12)的BOLD相似度为100%。实验室生物测定显示，MPOB Bt1(10 8孢子/mL)处理3天后，corbetti M. corbetti幼虫死亡率为100%。结果表明，MPOB Bt1作为一种环境友好型生物农药对油棕中的corbetti有潜力，但对其他害虫的优化和功效有待进一步研究。此外，生物防治可作为防治袋虫和其他鳞翅目害虫的综合虫害管理计划的一部分。
{"title":"IDENTIFICATION OF THE OIL PALM BAGWORM, Mahasena corbetti TAMS (LEPIDOPTERA: PSYCHIDAE) VIA MOLECULAR TECHNIQUES AND ITS BIOCONTROL ASSAY USING Bacillus thuringiensis","authors":"Mohd Shawal THAKIB MAIDIN","doi":"10.21894/jopr.2023.0036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21894/jopr.2023.0036","url":null,"abstract":"The larvae of the bagworm Mahasena corbetti Tams (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) cause significant yield losses by defoliation of the oil palm crop in Malaysia. This necessitates the development of an effective and sustainable control strategies against this pest. The objective of this study was to identify M. corbetti via molecular techniques and evaluate the potential of a local strain of Bacillus thuringiensis (MPOB Bt1), as a biocontrol agent for the pest. Morphological and molecular analysis was performed to identify M. corbetti , using the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene for genetic identification. The results showed that M. corbetti isolate SH01 (GenBank accession number MN373269) had a high degree of similarity (98.52%, 0.0 E-value) with the COI gene of M. corbetti voucher GB270DN1795 (GenBank accession number MG574312) collected in India and 100% BOLD similarities with the COI gene of M. corbetti from Singapore (BOLD ID PSYCH113-12). Laboratory bioassay showed 100% mortality of M. corbetti larvae three days after treatment with MPOB Bt1 (10 8 spores/mL). The results demonstrate the potential of MPOB Bt1 as an environmentally friendly biopesticide against M. corbetti in oil palm, but optimisation and efficacy in other pests require further research. Furthermore, biocontrol can be used as part of an integrated pest management program against bagworms and other lepidopteran pests.","PeriodicalId":16613,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oil Palm Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43021407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emissions of biogas from palm oil mill effluent (POME) via anaerobic digestion is a greenhouse gas (GHG) that can be mitigated by capturing and utilising as renewable energy (RE). Huge energy potential of biogas has been reported, but none has specifically explored this potential based on actual scenario of mills equipped with biogas plant in the Malaysian palm oil industry. This study analyses the potential of biogas from POME for RE and GHG emissions reduction from two scenarios: overall (nationwide) and mills having biogas plant. The overall potential of biogas volume, electricity generation and bio-compressed natural gas (Bio-CNG) production from all palm oil mills in 2021 were estimated at 1648 million m 3 , 508 MW and 988 million m 3 Bio-CNG, respectively. With 135 mills having biogas capturing facilities, 33% of the country’s overall potential energy from POME could be harnessed and utilised, to potentially mitigate 4.96 million tonnes CO 2 eq GHG annually. The study indicated that electricity generation is the major use of biogas in the country, particularly for grid connection. Activities of biogas capture and utilisation have thus demonstrated a feasible approach in addressing sustainable issue of the palm oil industry, which contribute to RE and GHG reduction targets in Malaysia.
{"title":"RENEWABLE ENERGY AND GREENHOUSE GASES EMISSION REDUCTION POTENTIAL OF BIOGAS FROM PALM OIL MILL EFFLUENT","authors":"N. A. Abu Bakar","doi":"10.21894/jopr.2023.0032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21894/jopr.2023.0032","url":null,"abstract":"Emissions of biogas from palm oil mill effluent (POME) via anaerobic digestion is a greenhouse gas (GHG) that can be mitigated by capturing and utilising as renewable energy (RE). Huge energy potential of biogas has been reported, but none has specifically explored this potential based on actual scenario of mills equipped with biogas plant in the Malaysian palm oil industry. This study analyses the potential of biogas from POME for RE and GHG emissions reduction from two scenarios: overall (nationwide) and mills having biogas plant. The overall potential of biogas volume, electricity generation and bio-compressed natural gas (Bio-CNG) production from all palm oil mills in 2021 were estimated at 1648 million m 3 , 508 MW and 988 million m 3 Bio-CNG, respectively. With 135 mills having biogas capturing facilities, 33% of the country’s overall potential energy from POME could be harnessed and utilised, to potentially mitigate 4.96 million tonnes CO 2 eq GHG annually. The study indicated that electricity generation is the major use of biogas in the country, particularly for grid connection. Activities of biogas capture and utilisation have thus demonstrated a feasible approach in addressing sustainable issue of the palm oil industry, which contribute to RE and GHG reduction targets in Malaysia.","PeriodicalId":16613,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oil Palm Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44274895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The potential of using bio-based binders for medium density fiberboard (MDF) has received increased attention. However, no study was done on the potential of palm-based polyurethane (PU) as biobased binder in MDF. Therefore, an investigation on the effect of equivalent weight ratios of isocyanate (NCO) and hydroxyl group (OH) of palm oil-based PU binder and binder content on the properties of MDF was conducted. Palm oil-based PU binders were prepared at different equivalent weight ratios of NCO and OH at 1.5/1 (PU1.5), 2.0/1 (PU2.0) and 2.5/1 (PU2.5) and binder content at 3%, 5%, 7% and 10% were used in the preparation of MDF. The polyol, NCO and palm oil-based PU binders were characterised using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. As equivalent weight ratios of NCO and OH and binder content increased, the modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity and internal bonding of MDF were consistently increased. Thickness swelling and moisture content decreased with increased equivalent weight ratios of NCO and OH and binder content. In general, MDF prepared with PU2.0 with 7% binder content fulfills all British Standard (BS EN 622-5, 2009) requirements, indicating its suitability for MDF application.
将生物基粘合剂用于中密度纤维板（MDF）的潜力越来越受到关注。然而，尚未对棕榈基聚氨酯（PU）作为MDF生物基粘合剂的潜力进行研究。因此，研究了棕榈油基PU粘合剂中异氰酸酯（NCO）和羟基（OH）的当量比以及粘合剂含量对MDF性能的影响。以1.5/1（PU1.5）、2.0/1（PU2.0）和2.5/1（PU2.5）的NCO和OH的不同当量比制备棕榈油基PU粘合剂，并且在MDF的制备中使用3%、5%、7%和10%的粘合剂含量。使用傅立叶变换红外光谱和热重分析对多元醇、NCO和棕榈油基PU粘合剂进行了表征。随着NCO和OH的当量比以及粘结剂含量的增加，MDF的断裂模量、弹性模量和内部粘结不断增加。厚度膨胀和水分含量随着NCO和OH的当量比以及粘合剂含量的增加而降低。通常，用PU2.0制备的粘合剂含量为7%的MDF符合所有英国标准（BS EN 622-52009）的要求，表明其适用于MDF应用。
{"title":"THE EFFECT OF NCO/OH EQUIVALENT WEIGHT RATIOS OF POLYURETHANE (PU) BINDER AND PU BINDER CONTENT ON PROPERTIES OF MEDIUM DENSITY FIBERBOARD (MDF)","authors":"Mohd Norhisham Sattar","doi":"10.21894/jopr.2023.0031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21894/jopr.2023.0031","url":null,"abstract":"The potential of using bio-based binders for medium density fiberboard (MDF) has received increased attention. However, no study was done on the potential of palm-based polyurethane (PU) as biobased binder in MDF. Therefore, an investigation on the effect of equivalent weight ratios of isocyanate (NCO) and hydroxyl group (OH) of palm oil-based PU binder and binder content on the properties of MDF was conducted. Palm oil-based PU binders were prepared at different equivalent weight ratios of NCO and OH at 1.5/1 (PU1.5), 2.0/1 (PU2.0) and 2.5/1 (PU2.5) and binder content at 3%, 5%, 7% and 10% were used in the preparation of MDF. The polyol, NCO and palm oil-based PU binders were characterised using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. As equivalent weight ratios of NCO and OH and binder content increased, the modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity and internal bonding of MDF were consistently increased. Thickness swelling and moisture content decreased with increased equivalent weight ratios of NCO and OH and binder content. In general, MDF prepared with PU2.0 with 7% binder content fulfills all British Standard (BS EN 622-5, 2009) requirements, indicating its suitability for MDF application.","PeriodicalId":16613,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oil Palm Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41733227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：