In the present work, a new protected fat was produced from used cooking palm oil (UCO) by using modified fusion method. Used cooking oil protected fat (UCOPF) was compared with produced palm olein protected fat (POPF) and commercial protected fat (CPF). The quality of protected fat produce was investigated using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. FTIR and XRD results confirmed the well-formation of protected fat from UCO and the XRD analysis revealed fatty acid from UCO bind well with calcium ion. FTIR spectroscopy indicated carboxylate bands at 1542 and 1575 cm –1 showed the calcium ions associated with the COO-ions in the monodendate and bidendate structures in PF. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) study was conducted to find out the thermal behaviour of the produced UCOPF and the results clearly indicated good thermal stability. DSC indicated onset of melting at 151°C and 148°C for samples prepared UCOPF and POPF, respectively and it was slightly lower than CPF (157°C). Smooth and porous surfaces morphology of UCOPF and POPF was confirmed using scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis. From the results it was evident that UCO can be utilised to produce protected fat as a safe animal feed.
本文采用改良融合法制备了一种新型的棕榈油保护脂肪。将废旧食用油保护脂肪(UCOPF)与生产的棕榈油保护脂肪(POPF)和商业保护脂肪(CPF)进行了比较。采用傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)和x射线衍射(XRD)研究了保护脂肪产品的质量。FTIR和XRD结果证实UCO保护脂肪形成良好，XRD分析表明UCO脂肪酸与钙离子结合良好。FTIR光谱显示，在1542和1575 cm -1的羧酸带上，钙离子与co -离子在单枝状和双枝状结构中相结合。差示扫描量热法(DSC)研究了所制备的UCOPF的热行为，结果表明其具有良好的热稳定性。DSC显示，制备的UCOPF和POPF分别在151°C和148°C开始熔化，略低于CPF(157°C)。扫描电镜(SEM)分析了UCOPF和POPF表面的光滑和多孔形貌。结果表明，UCO可用于生产受保护的脂肪，作为一种安全的动物饲料。
{"title":"CHARACTERISATION OF SYNTHESIZED PROTECTED FAT FROM USED COOKING PALM OIL AND PALM OLEIN FOR ANIMAL FEED APPLICATION","authors":"M. K","doi":"10.21894/jopr.2023.0033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21894/jopr.2023.0033","url":null,"abstract":"In the present work, a new protected fat was produced from used cooking palm oil (UCO) by using modified fusion method. Used cooking oil protected fat (UCOPF) was compared with produced palm olein protected fat (POPF) and commercial protected fat (CPF). The quality of protected fat produce was investigated using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. FTIR and XRD results confirmed the well-formation of protected fat from UCO and the XRD analysis revealed fatty acid from UCO bind well with calcium ion. FTIR spectroscopy indicated carboxylate bands at 1542 and 1575 cm –1 showed the calcium ions associated with the COO-ions in the monodendate and bidendate structures in PF. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) study was conducted to find out the thermal behaviour of the produced UCOPF and the results clearly indicated good thermal stability. DSC indicated onset of melting at 151°C and 148°C for samples prepared UCOPF and POPF, respectively and it was slightly lower than CPF (157°C). Smooth and porous surfaces morphology of UCOPF and POPF was confirmed using scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis. From the results it was evident that UCO can be utilised to produce protected fat as a safe animal feed.","PeriodicalId":16613,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oil Palm Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45020344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Research lately has shown the prospects of graphite as an additive for diesel engines due to its favourable characteristics. Moreover, using pure palm oil (PPaO) as the primary fuel in diesel engines is not recommended because of numerous disadvantages. To overcome such a problem, the effect of graphite oxide (GO) and graphite powder (GP) microparticle as an additive on PPaO was investigated by analysing the diesel engine combustion performance and emissions. GO was prepared using the Hummers method. The use of PPaO as a single fuel led to a significant increase in opacity by up to 127.0% compared to diesel fuel (DF). However, adding GO and GP as fuel additives can significantly reduce opacity by up to 63.9%, improve thermal efficiency by up to 20.4%, and increase specific fuel consumption by up to 40.1% compared to DF. These results indicate that GO and GP have promising potential as effective fuel additives for PPaO, leading to increased combustion efficiency, and reduced hazardous emissions in diesel engine applications.
{"title":"EFFECT OF GRAPHITE MICROPARTICLES AS ADDITIVE IN AN INDIRECT DIESEL ENGINE FUELLED WITH PURE PALM OIL","authors":"R. A. Prahmana","doi":"10.21894/jopr.2023.0030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21894/jopr.2023.0030","url":null,"abstract":"Research lately has shown the prospects of graphite as an additive for diesel engines due to its favourable characteristics. Moreover, using pure palm oil (PPaO) as the primary fuel in diesel engines is not recommended because of numerous disadvantages. To overcome such a problem, the effect of graphite oxide (GO) and graphite powder (GP) microparticle as an additive on PPaO was investigated by analysing the diesel engine combustion performance and emissions. GO was prepared using the Hummers method. The use of PPaO as a single fuel led to a significant increase in opacity by up to 127.0% compared to diesel fuel (DF). However, adding GO and GP as fuel additives can significantly reduce opacity by up to 63.9%, improve thermal efficiency by up to 20.4%, and increase specific fuel consumption by up to 40.1% compared to DF. These results indicate that GO and GP have promising potential as effective fuel additives for PPaO, leading to increased combustion efficiency, and reduced hazardous emissions in diesel engine applications.","PeriodicalId":16613,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oil Palm Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43230856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Due to the high organic load content, palm oil mill effluent (POME) has undergone various treatment systems. Most palm oil millers prefer to add a new approach to improve the existing treatment system but the investment and operation costs are too high to be incurred. Therefore, this study emphasizes the AB-101 microbial consortium performance in treating POME under the original operating parameters (0.2% AB-101 volume percentage, 7.5% molasses volume percentage and 100 ppm bio-activator dosage). The percentage reductions of POME characteristics under the original operating factor were 67.6% biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), 59.2% chemical oxygen demand (COD), 82.8% total suspended solids (TSS) and 66.7% oil and degrease (O&G). Meanwhile, POME treated with AB-101 under the optimal operating parameters (0.01% AB-101 volume percentage, 9.85% molasses volume percentage and 43.8 ppm bio-activator dosage) showed better characteristics of 92.9% BOD, 65.3% COD, 93.4% TSS and 95.5% O&G. Based on the proposed mechanism, lignocellulose degradation was greater when AB-101 was added into POME which improved the primary treatment of POME through enhanced anaerobic digestion.
{"title":"POME TREATMENT USING AB-101 MICROBIAL CONSORTIUM: PERFORMANCE AND PROPOSED MECHANISM","authors":"Ummi Kalsum Hasanah MOHD NADZIM","doi":"10.21894/jopr.2023.0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21894/jopr.2023.0029","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the high organic load content, palm oil mill effluent (POME) has undergone various treatment systems. Most palm oil millers prefer to add a new approach to improve the existing treatment system but the investment and operation costs are too high to be incurred. Therefore, this study emphasizes the AB-101 microbial consortium performance in treating POME under the original operating parameters (0.2% AB-101 volume percentage, 7.5% molasses volume percentage and 100 ppm bio-activator dosage). The percentage reductions of POME characteristics under the original operating factor were 67.6% biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), 59.2% chemical oxygen demand (COD), 82.8% total suspended solids (TSS) and 66.7% oil and degrease (O&G). Meanwhile, POME treated with AB-101 under the optimal operating parameters (0.01% AB-101 volume percentage, 9.85% molasses volume percentage and 43.8 ppm bio-activator dosage) showed better characteristics of 92.9% BOD, 65.3% COD, 93.4% TSS and 95.5% O&G. Based on the proposed mechanism, lignocellulose degradation was greater when AB-101 was added into POME which improved the primary treatment of POME through enhanced anaerobic digestion.","PeriodicalId":16613,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oil Palm Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42021567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"OIL PALM ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE IN MALAYSIA AND R&D PROGRESS IN 2022","authors":"G. K. AHMAD PARVEEZ","doi":"10.21894/jopr.2023.0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21894/jopr.2023.0028","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16613,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oil Palm Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49393267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Palm oil mill effluent (POME) was the main source of liquid waste in Indonesia. It could be utilized as microalgae medium. Euglena sp., fast-growing microalgae, produces high-value product metabolites. In this research, POME is used as a culture medium because of its rich macronutrients and micronutrient content. In addition, POME also contains high Biological Oxygen Demands (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demands (COD). This research was conducted to study BOD and COD in POME after and before treatment, growth rate, biomass and content of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins in Euglena sp. that was cultured in a POME medium. Euglena sp. cultured in Cramer-Myers (CM) medium was used as control. POME medium concentrations used in this research were 0.50%, 0.75%, 1.00% and 1.25%. The results showed that Euglena sp. was able to reduce BOD and COD. Medium 1.25% POME was the best treatment for nutrient removal, growth, and nutritional value. Based on the Logistic modelling, the highest specific growth rate (μ) was achieved in 1.25% POME with μ 0.6894 day and R2 0.99.
{"title":"APPLICATION OF Euglena sp. ISOLATED FROM YOGYAKARTA, INDONESIA ON NUTRIENT REMOVAL FROM PALM OIL MILL EFFLUENT (POME)","authors":"Afifah Nur Aini Putri","doi":"10.21894/jopr.2023.0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21894/jopr.2023.0025","url":null,"abstract":"Palm oil mill effluent (POME) was the main source of liquid waste in Indonesia. It could be utilized as microalgae medium. Euglena sp., fast-growing microalgae, produces high-value product metabolites. In this research, POME is used as a culture medium because of its rich macronutrients and micronutrient content. In addition, POME also contains high Biological Oxygen Demands (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demands (COD). This research was conducted to study BOD and COD in POME after and before treatment, growth rate, biomass and content of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins in Euglena sp. that was cultured in a POME medium. Euglena sp. cultured in Cramer-Myers (CM) medium was used as control. POME medium concentrations used in this research were 0.50%, 0.75%, 1.00% and 1.25%. The results showed that Euglena sp. was able to reduce BOD and COD. Medium 1.25% POME was the best treatment for nutrient removal, growth, and nutritional value. Based on the Logistic modelling, the highest specific growth rate (μ) was achieved in 1.25% POME with μ 0.6894 day and R2 0.99.","PeriodicalId":16613,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oil Palm Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48011337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diethylene glycol dilaurate (DEG-DL), which is derived from palm oil, may be produced using either esterification or a transesterification technique. Moreover, either a catalytic or non-catalytic reaction can help the process, along with or without the use of a solvent. However, currently the production of DEG-DL is still using the conventional method with a longer time to produce a good quality ester. In this work, the DEG-DL production was done using a solvent-free microwave heating method in the absence of a catalyst. The solvent-free microwave heating method exhibited itself as an effective method to produce DEG-DL with a shorter reaction time from 22 hr to 2 hr compared to conventional heating. The DEG-DL produced has been characterised using FTIR and 1H-NMR as well as its acid value to observe the trend. The effects of kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of the ester were investigated and compared between both heating methods. Based on the result obtained, the kinetic reaction fitted the pseudo-first-order well with 24% decreased in the activation energy and the pre-exponential factor increased by 93% when comparing conventional and microwave heating methods. The DEG-DL produced is a potential ingredient to be used as coalescent aid in latex paint formulations.
{"title":"KINETIC STUDY OF SELF-ESTERIFIED PALMBASED C12 FATTY ACID AND DIETHYLENE GLYCOL USING CONVENTIONAL AND MICROWAVE HEATING","authors":"N. A. Abas","doi":"10.21894/jopr.2023.0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21894/jopr.2023.0026","url":null,"abstract":"Diethylene glycol dilaurate (DEG-DL), which is derived from palm oil, may be produced using either esterification or a transesterification technique. Moreover, either a catalytic or non-catalytic reaction can help the process, along with or without the use of a solvent. However, currently the production of DEG-DL is still using the conventional method with a longer time to produce a good quality ester. In this work, the DEG-DL production was done using a solvent-free microwave heating method in the absence of a catalyst. The solvent-free microwave heating method exhibited itself as an effective method to produce DEG-DL with a shorter reaction time from 22 hr to 2 hr compared to conventional heating. The DEG-DL produced has been characterised using FTIR and 1H-NMR as well as its acid value to observe the trend. The effects of kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of the ester were investigated and compared between both heating methods. Based on the result obtained, the kinetic reaction fitted the pseudo-first-order well with 24% decreased in the activation energy and the pre-exponential factor increased by 93% when comparing conventional and microwave heating methods. The DEG-DL produced is a potential ingredient to be used as coalescent aid in latex paint formulations.","PeriodicalId":16613,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oil Palm Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44723316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"PERFORMANCE OF SELFED AND INTERCROSSED OIL PALM DELI ULU REMIS PROGENIES BASED ON SELECTED AGRONOMIC TRAITS","authors":"N. A.","doi":"10.21894/jopr.2023.0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21894/jopr.2023.0023","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16613,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oil Palm Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47265276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rearing of Elaeidobius kamerunicus, the pollinator of oil palm, requires the anthesising male inflorescence of oil palm as the breeding and feeding ground. Various studies have reported on the weevils utilising the male inflorescence as feed to sustain its development. However, for routine rearing, the use of male inflorescence is inconvenient as it has to be continuously collected from the field. Thus, this pioneering study was conducted to determine the nutritional composition of anthesising male inflorescence of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) which is essential for E. kamerunicus life development. First, proximate analysis was performed to determine the nutritional composition of anthesising male inflorescence. Next, the nutritional profiles of amino acids, fatty acids and carbohydrates were determined and analysed separately. The average proximate analysis of anthesising male inflorescence of oil palm recorded a high moisture content of 75%, followed by carbohydrate, protein, fat and ash. The amino acid profile revealed the presence of 18 amino acids with lysine having the highest content. The spikelet also recorded a total of 32 fatty acids with oleic acid recording the highest value. Nevertheless, the carbohydrate profile was not determined as its presence was in trace amount only. This study provided new knowledge and reference standard on the nutritional composition of anthesising male inflorescence of oil palm that is essential for
{"title":"NUTRITIONAL COMPOSITION OF ANTHESISING MALE INFLORESCENCE OF OIL PALM Elaeis guineensis ESSENTIAL FOR DEVELOPMENT OF Elaeidobius kamerunicus Faust: FIRST REPORT","authors":"Muhamad Haziq Hadif Zulkefli","doi":"10.21894/jopr.2023.0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21894/jopr.2023.0027","url":null,"abstract":"Rearing of Elaeidobius kamerunicus, the pollinator of oil palm, requires the anthesising male inflorescence of oil palm as the breeding and feeding ground. Various studies have reported on the weevils utilising the male inflorescence as feed to sustain its development. However, for routine rearing, the use of male inflorescence is inconvenient as it has to be continuously collected from the field. Thus, this pioneering study was conducted to determine the nutritional composition of anthesising male inflorescence of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) which is essential for E. kamerunicus life development. First, proximate analysis was performed to determine the nutritional composition of anthesising male inflorescence. Next, the nutritional profiles of amino acids, fatty acids and carbohydrates were determined and analysed separately. The average proximate analysis of anthesising male inflorescence of oil palm recorded a high moisture content of 75%, followed by carbohydrate, protein, fat and ash. The amino acid profile revealed the presence of 18 amino acids with lysine having the highest content. The spikelet also recorded a total of 32 fatty acids with oleic acid recording the highest value. Nevertheless, the carbohydrate profile was not determined as its presence was in trace amount only. This study provided new knowledge and reference standard on the nutritional composition of anthesising male inflorescence of oil palm that is essential for","PeriodicalId":16613,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oil Palm Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48673322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nanocellulose has recently drawn attention because of its outstanding physical and mechanical properties. Even though nanocellulose is already a ubiquitous material in research, its synthesis and agglomeration still hinder the process of commercialisation. A shorter process will provide savings for larger scale production, and adding a capping agent can facilitate storage and handling on a commercial scale. In this study, the synthesis of nanocellulose was carried out using a one-pot method where the delignification and hydrolysis of cellulose were carried out in the same reactor. Delignification and bleaching used 30% (v/v) H2O2 at 90oC for 5 hr. Meanwhile, hydrolysis using 8% (w/w) H2SO4 and 3% (w/w) of Fe(NO3)3.9H2O 0.22 M as a catalyst, held for 1 hr at 75oC, resulted in the lowest lignin composition 49.7% (w/w). Several analyses were carried out for the nanocellulose. TEM analysis showed the nanocellulose size from 5 to 70 nm. FTIR analysis showed that the nanocellulose was alike cellulose commercial. XRD analysis showed the crystallinity of nanocellulose is still relatively low (35.7%). The addition of a capping agent to nanocellulose showed a reduction of agglomeration for the ratio of nanocellulose to gelatin 1.00:0.75.
{"title":"NANOCELLULOSE SYNTHESIS BY ONE POT METHOD WITH Fe CATALYST AND GELATINE CAPPING AGENT","authors":"L. Elizabeth","doi":"10.21894/jopr.2023.0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21894/jopr.2023.0024","url":null,"abstract":"Nanocellulose has recently drawn attention because of its outstanding physical and mechanical properties. Even though nanocellulose is already a ubiquitous material in research, its synthesis and agglomeration still hinder the process of commercialisation. A shorter process will provide savings for larger scale production, and adding a capping agent can facilitate storage and handling on a commercial scale. In this study, the synthesis of nanocellulose was carried out using a one-pot method where the delignification and hydrolysis of cellulose were carried out in the same reactor. Delignification and bleaching used 30% (v/v) H2O2 at 90oC for 5 hr. Meanwhile, hydrolysis using 8% (w/w) H2SO4 and 3% (w/w) of Fe(NO3)3.9H2O 0.22 M as a catalyst, held for 1 hr at 75oC, resulted in the lowest lignin composition 49.7% (w/w). Several analyses were carried out for the nanocellulose. TEM analysis showed the nanocellulose size from 5 to 70 nm. FTIR analysis showed that the nanocellulose was alike cellulose commercial. XRD analysis showed the crystallinity of nanocellulose is still relatively low (35.7%). The addition of a capping agent to nanocellulose showed a reduction of agglomeration for the ratio of nanocellulose to gelatin 1.00:0.75.","PeriodicalId":16613,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oil Palm Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43478769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"CONSOLIDATION OF DEEP EUTECTIC SOLVENTS WITH MICROWAVE FOR THE EXTRACTION OF FERULIC ACID FROM THE FRUITLETS OF OIL PALM","authors":"NG MEI HAN","doi":"10.21894/jopr.2023.0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21894/jopr.2023.0022","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16613,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oil Palm Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46957982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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