Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine最新文献

Objective: The aim of the study is to study functional impairment due to indoor air-related symptoms and associated characteristics.

Methods: A questionnaire survey of a random sample of Finnish people aged 25 to 64 years. Analyses were done using multivariate multinomial logistic regression.

Results: A total of 23.1% reported indoor air-related symptoms, 1.8% severe functional impairment due to symptoms, 5.3% moderate, 11.1% mild, and 4.9% reported no impairment. Those with severe functional impairment showed the strongest associations with comorbid diseases, for example, asthma and irritable bowel syndrome, perceived sensitivities to several environmental factors, like chemicals, and likelihood of having symptoms in multiple organs, while those with no or little functional impairment showed weak or even inverse associations. Similar results emerged with severity of indoor air-related symptoms.

Conclusions: Individuals with indoor air-related symptoms are a very heterogeneous group. This should be better considered in future research and clinical practice.

Objective: We present quantitative exposure-response data on silica exposure in male Swedish iron foundry workers for cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and respiratory morbidity.

Methods: This research is a cohort study of 2063 male Swedish iron foundry workers. From the Swedish National Patient Registers, data on morbidity incidence were retrieved. A historical measurement database of 1667 respirable silica exposure measurements from 10 Swedish iron foundries was used to calculate the cumulative exposure dose for each worker.

Results: Increased morbidity risk for the whole group of foundry workers was determined for ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), bronchitis, and pneumonia. In addition, an increased risk for COPD at cumulative silica exposures ranging from 0.11 to 0.84 mg/m 3 year is presented.

Conclusions: The study presents a significantly increased COPD risk at cumulative silica exposures below the Swedish occupational exposure limit.

Objective: This study was identified seeking treatment for hypertension and diabetes among male shift workers.

Method: This retrospective cohort study included nine large companies in Japan. Data were collected from health checkup, health insurance records, and self-administered questionnaires in 2017 and 2020. Data were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression.

Result: Person-days shift workers and day workers seeking treatment for hypertension were 41,604 and 327,301, respectively and, for diabetes, were 7326 and 60,735, respectively. The log ranks were statistically significant. Shift workers were 46% and 56% less likely to seek treatment for hypertension and diabetes, respectively, than day workers were after adjustment for age, marital status, education level, and intention to modify lifestyle (model 2) ( P < 0.01).

Conclusions: Male shift workers are less likely to seek treatment for hypertension and diabetes compared with day workers.

Objective: Sufficient sleep is essential for well-being. We examined the relationship between work-related social support, work stress, and sleep sufficiency, predicting that workers with higher social support would report higher sleep sufficiency across varying levels of work stress.

Methods: The data set analyzed in the present study included 2213 workers from approximately 200 small (<500 employees) businesses in high, medium, and low hazard industries across Colorado.

Results: Perceived social support variables moderated the relationship between work stress and sleep sufficiency such that employees reporting higher levels of social support reported higher sleep sufficiency when work stress was low or moderate but not high.

Conclusions: Although preventing work stress is optimal, in cases where employers cannot apply primary interventions to prevent stress (eg, eliminating/reducing night shifts), employers should attempt to increase social support or other more relevant resources for employees.

Objective: This study aims to design incentives for organizations to improve the work engagement of construction project managers (CPMs) when they experience work-family conflict.

Methods: Based on principal-agent theory, a multistage dynamic incentive model for CPMs' work engagement under the perspective of work-family conflict is constructed by integrating contract and reputation effect incentive mechanisms. Then MATLAB software was used to simulate the theoretical model for the arithmetic example. Finally, 182 valid questionnaires were tested for the conclusions of the model.

Results: In the two stages of the incentive model, work resources significantly positively influence CPMs' work engagement, and work-family conflict harms CPMs' work engagement. Including a reputation mechanism has two effects on the first stage of the incentive model. First, reputation has an incentive effect on CPMs' work engagement. Second, it reduces the negative impact of work-family conflict on work engagement. The combination of contract- and reputation-based incentives will improve CPMs' work engagement.

Conclusions: The results suggest that incentives targeted at increasing the work engagement of CPMs may be necessary.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between environmental PM 2.5 and heart failure (HF) hospitalization in Lanzhou, China.

Method: The correlation between atmospheric PM 2.5 and HF hospitalization was evaluated using a distributed lag nonlinear model.

Result: During the study period, 16,122 HF patients were hospitalized. The average concentration of PM 2.5 is 45.24 μg/m 3 . PM 2.5 was positively correlated with HF hospitalization with single lag (lag0) and cumulative lag (lag01, lag02, lag03). The maximum lag effect is estimated to occur in lag03, and with the PM 2.5 concentration increasing by 10 μg/m 3 , HF hospitalization risk increased by 1.023 (95% confidence interval, 1.006-1.039). The risk of hospitalization for HF in the male group, the age group 65 years or older, and the cold season was statistically significant and more positively correlated.

Conclusion: PM 2.5 exposure increases the risk of HF admission in Lanzhou.

Objective: The aim of the study is to increase understanding regarding healthcare provider experiences with psychological trauma, moral injury, and institutional betrayal, both over the lifetime and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: The study employed a cross-sectional design to understand traumatic experiences, moral injury, and institutional betrayal among medical and mental health providers. Participants were asked to identify an index trauma, and experiences were coded qualitatively using categories for traumatic events, moral injury, and institutional betrayal.

Results: Results revealed that experiences of trauma, moral injury, and institutional betrayal were common in relation to the pandemic, as were prepandemic histories of traumatic exposures. Findings indicate that trauma exposure was a work hazard for healthcare providers during the pandemic, which could result in negative long-term mental health outcomes.

Conclusions: Future research is needed to explore potential long-term negative outcomes among healthcare providers.

Objective: Despite a growing literature on mental health among clinical staff during COVID-19, factors shaping distress for nonclinical staff are understudied and may be driven by inequalities at work. We aimed to discuss the role of workplace factors in shaping psychological distress for a diverse group of clinical, nonclinical, and other health and hospital workers (HHWs).

Methods: This convergent parallel mixed-methods study with HHWs in a US hospital system included an online survey ( n = 1127) and interviews ( n = 73) collected from August 2020 to January 2021. We thematically analyzed interviews; findings informed log binomial regression estimating risk factors for severe psychological distress (Patient Health Questionnaire - 4 item version [PHQ-4] scores of 9 or greater).

Results: Qualitatively, day-to-day stressors fostered fear and anxiety, and concerns about work environments manifest as betrayal and frustration with leadership. Distress was associated with burnout, financial concerns, and feeling betrayed or unsupported by the institution and leadership. Staff in service versus clinical roles had higher risk for severe distress (adjusted prevalence ratio = 2.04, 95% confidence interval = 1.13-2.66); HHWs receiving workplace mental health support had lower risk (adjusted prevalence ratio = 0.52, 95% confidence interval = 0.29-0.92.

Conclusions: Our mixed-methods study underscores how the pandemic brought inequalities to the surface to increase distress for vulnerable HHWs. Workplace mental health activities can support HHWs now and during future crises.

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare mortality after disabling and nondisabling occupational injuries.

Methods: Vital status was ascertained through 2020 for 2077 individuals with a workers' compensation claim for upper extremity neuropathy in West Virginia in 1998 or 1999. Standardized mortality ratios compared mortality to the West Virginia general population. Hazard ratios (HRs) obtained from Cox regression models compared mortality among those with and without lost work time or permanent disability.

Results: Overall, the standardized mortality ratio for accidental poisoning deaths was elevated (1.75, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08-2.68). All-cause mortality HRs and cancer HRs were elevated for lost work time (HR = 1.09, 95% CI: 0.93-1.28; HR = 1.50, 95% CI: 1.09-2.08, respectively) and permanent disability (HR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.04-1.44; HR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.27-2.48, respectively).

Conclusions: Work-related disability was associated with broad elevations in mortality.

Objective: The present study aims to evaluate the prevalence of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), biochemical and anthropometric indicators, and lifestyle among 10 occupational groups.

Method: The sample included 4818 men aged 35 to 65 years. The occupational group is based on the International Standard Classification of Occupations.

Result: The highest prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus was observed in managerial occupational groups (18.62%) and technicians and associate professionals ( 14 %), respectively. Musculoskeletal disorders were more in skilled agricultural, forestry, and fishery workers, as well as craft-related trades workers, and elementary occupations. The highest body mass index was related to the managers.

Conclusions: Noncommunicable diseases were higher in managers, while musculoskeletal disorders belonged to farmers and workers. Finally, lifestyle modification can help reduce NCDs and improve biochemical markers by increasing physical activity.