Implication for health policy/practice/research/medical education Cadmium is a toxic heavy metal, which, if inhaled or ingested, can damage various body systems and organs. Regarding its renal handling, most of its transport occurs in the proximal kidney tubules. High-level contact with this metal is associated with significant renal and bone impairment. The hazardous consequences of cadmium exposure on parathyroid gland structure and function are controversial and need further investigation.
{"title":"Effect of industrial cadmium contamination on parathyroid hormone secretion; a new look at an old problem","authors":"M. Mubarak, L. Mahmoudnia","doi":"10.34172/jpd.2022.11186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jpd.2022.11186","url":null,"abstract":"Implication for health policy/practice/research/medical education Cadmium is a toxic heavy metal, which, if inhaled or ingested, can damage various body systems and organs. Regarding its renal handling, most of its transport occurs in the proximal kidney tubules. High-level contact with this metal is associated with significant renal and bone impairment. The hazardous consequences of cadmium exposure on parathyroid gland structure and function are controversial and need further investigation.","PeriodicalId":16657,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parathyroid Disease","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74561723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Parisa Soleimani, H. Jahantigh, Sepideh Yadollahifarsani
Recently, a few different vaccines have been developed to help end the COVID-19 pandemic. These vaccines have made significant progress toward controlling the disease. Multiple factors contribute to the immunity level that these vaccines can stimulate, including sex. The effect of gender on other vaccines’ efficacy has been studied before. The results of these studies are mentioned below. Genetic and hormonal differences between men and women are among the mechanisms suggested for the difference in vaccine efficacy in men and women. Sex hormones play various roles in stimulating or suppressing the immune system. As a result, they are responsible for the intensity and speed at which the vaccine establishes the immune response. In this narrative review study, we discuss the differences in COVID-19 vaccine efficacy and safety between the two genders and the reasons for these differences.
{"title":"Gender difference in COVID-19 vaccination; recent concepts","authors":"Parisa Soleimani, H. Jahantigh, Sepideh Yadollahifarsani","doi":"10.34172/jpd.2022.11167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jpd.2022.11167","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, a few different vaccines have been developed to help end the COVID-19 pandemic. These vaccines have made significant progress toward controlling the disease. Multiple factors contribute to the immunity level that these vaccines can stimulate, including sex. The effect of gender on other vaccines’ efficacy has been studied before. The results of these studies are mentioned below. Genetic and hormonal differences between men and women are among the mechanisms suggested for the difference in vaccine efficacy in men and women. Sex hormones play various roles in stimulating or suppressing the immune system. As a result, they are responsible for the intensity and speed at which the vaccine establishes the immune response. In this narrative review study, we discuss the differences in COVID-19 vaccine efficacy and safety between the two genders and the reasons for these differences.","PeriodicalId":16657,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parathyroid Disease","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85978741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Hajian, Ali Sarbazi-Golezari, M. Karbasi, S. Oveisi, M. Ahmadi, Majid Sotoudeh, Pouriya Shahsavari, M. kalhor, Maedeh Pourali, Atbin Faraztalab Yeganeh, Z. Moradi, Mostafa Banaei, S. Rahmani, Parnia Jabbari, Maryam Rajabi
Introduction: Hematological parameters are raised for classification and determining of prognosis in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine the relation between severity of the illness and serum level of red cell distribution width (RDW), mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW) and platelet large cell ratio (P-LCR) in patients with COVID-19 focusing on severe and critically ill patients. Patients and Methods: In this cross-sectional investigation, we examined the correlation between severity of disease and value of RDW, PDW, P-LCR and MPV in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Velayat hospital, located in Qazvin province in Iran from November 2020 to March 2021. According to the clinical characteristics, the patients were divided into two group of severe and critically ill. Patients’ data including age, gender, and the value of RDW, PDW, P-LCR and MPV were extracted from the health information system of our hospital. Then, these parameters were analyzed and compared among the groups. Results: The data of 59 patients were evaluated. The mean age of patients was 62.07 years and 59.3% of these patients were female. Around 64.4 percent of the patients were critically ill. The median the value of RDW in the critically ill group was significantly higher than the severe group (P = 0.009). The value of RDW had a significant positive correlation with the severity of the disease (correlation coefficient: 0.341, P = 0.008). Conclusion: Our data showed that RDW might be helpful to differentiate the critically ill patient with COVID-19 from severe one.
{"title":"Evaluation of the relation between disease severity with platelet distribution width, platelet large cell ratio, mean platelet volume and red cell distribution width in severe and critically ill hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019","authors":"S. Hajian, Ali Sarbazi-Golezari, M. Karbasi, S. Oveisi, M. Ahmadi, Majid Sotoudeh, Pouriya Shahsavari, M. kalhor, Maedeh Pourali, Atbin Faraztalab Yeganeh, Z. Moradi, Mostafa Banaei, S. Rahmani, Parnia Jabbari, Maryam Rajabi","doi":"10.34172/jpd.2022.10156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jpd.2022.10156","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Hematological parameters are raised for classification and determining of prognosis in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine the relation between severity of the illness and serum level of red cell distribution width (RDW), mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW) and platelet large cell ratio (P-LCR) in patients with COVID-19 focusing on severe and critically ill patients. Patients and Methods: In this cross-sectional investigation, we examined the correlation between severity of disease and value of RDW, PDW, P-LCR and MPV in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Velayat hospital, located in Qazvin province in Iran from November 2020 to March 2021. According to the clinical characteristics, the patients were divided into two group of severe and critically ill. Patients’ data including age, gender, and the value of RDW, PDW, P-LCR and MPV were extracted from the health information system of our hospital. Then, these parameters were analyzed and compared among the groups. Results: The data of 59 patients were evaluated. The mean age of patients was 62.07 years and 59.3% of these patients were female. Around 64.4 percent of the patients were critically ill. The median the value of RDW in the critically ill group was significantly higher than the severe group (P = 0.009). The value of RDW had a significant positive correlation with the severity of the disease (correlation coefficient: 0.341, P = 0.008). Conclusion: Our data showed that RDW might be helpful to differentiate the critically ill patient with COVID-19 from severe one.","PeriodicalId":16657,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parathyroid Disease","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73593664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Zaremoghadam, Ensiye Pordel, Mostafa Assarroudi, Saeid Mohammadi, Ali Kalali Sani, H. Mardanparvar, Sara Abbasian
Introduction: Thyroid status because of the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2), which is a functional receptor for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in thyroid glands, maybe affects COVID-19 patients’ outcomes. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the correlation of thyroid status with the severity and mortality of COVID-19 patients. Patients and Methods: In a retrospective cohort study conducted on 521 COVID-19 patients, data were collected by a demographic questionnaire and a checklist of patient outcomes (death/recovery) from the hospital information system (HIS) and analyzed by SPSS version 26 and binary logistic regression. Data about thyroid status were collected from clinical documents and laboratory test data. Results: Most patients were male (57.2%) with a mean age of 56.12 ± 17.4 years. Seventy-seven patients had a severe stage of disease, and 55 patients died. Twenty-one patients had hyperthyroidism, and 53 patients had hypothyroidism. Results showed that the correlation between hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism with severity and mortality risk of COVID-19 patients was insignificant (P > 0.05). Conclusion: In this study, we concluded that, thyroid status is not associated with COVID-19 outcomes such as severity or mortality.
{"title":"Correlation of thyroid status with severity and mortality of COVID-19 patients","authors":"E. Zaremoghadam, Ensiye Pordel, Mostafa Assarroudi, Saeid Mohammadi, Ali Kalali Sani, H. Mardanparvar, Sara Abbasian","doi":"10.34172/jpd.2022.11161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jpd.2022.11161","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Thyroid status because of the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2), which is a functional receptor for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in thyroid glands, maybe affects COVID-19 patients’ outcomes. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the correlation of thyroid status with the severity and mortality of COVID-19 patients. Patients and Methods: In a retrospective cohort study conducted on 521 COVID-19 patients, data were collected by a demographic questionnaire and a checklist of patient outcomes (death/recovery) from the hospital information system (HIS) and analyzed by SPSS version 26 and binary logistic regression. Data about thyroid status were collected from clinical documents and laboratory test data. Results: Most patients were male (57.2%) with a mean age of 56.12 ± 17.4 years. Seventy-seven patients had a severe stage of disease, and 55 patients died. Twenty-one patients had hyperthyroidism, and 53 patients had hypothyroidism. Results showed that the correlation between hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism with severity and mortality risk of COVID-19 patients was insignificant (P > 0.05). Conclusion: In this study, we concluded that, thyroid status is not associated with COVID-19 outcomes such as severity or mortality.","PeriodicalId":16657,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parathyroid Disease","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87017964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Zakharova, E. Pashkova, D. Levikov, Aza Tseloeva, R. Kuznetsov, O. Ignatchenko, I. Lebedinsky, A. Evsikov, V.R. Gadzhiev, Dmitry Eremin, S. Sorokoletov, E. Rodionov, D. Grekov
Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is the leading cause of hypercalcemia. Total serum calcium level >3.5 mmol/L is associated with a high risk of a hypercalcemic crisis, manifesting with nausea, vomiting, dehydration, myalgia’s, abdominal pain, acute pancreatitis, acute kidney injury (AKI), cardiac rhythm disorders and disturbances of consciousness. We report here a case of PHPT, manifested with hypercalcemic crisis during pregnancy. A 30-year-old woman in the first trimester of pregnancy admitted complaining on loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, lower abdomen pain, weakness, and leg pain during the last 10 days. She had a history of two uncomplicated pregnancies, and two episodes of renal colic, her kidney function was normal 2 weeks prior to admission. Work-up showed hypochloremia, hypokalemia, hyponatremia, total serum calcium was 5.34 mmol/L, and serum creatinine 226 µmol/L, and she underwent urgent hemodialysis (HD). Her parathyroid hormone (PTH) was 948 pg/mL, and imaging revealed missed miscarriage 9-10 weeks, soft tissue mass 30x20x33mm near the lower pole of the left lobe of the thyroid gland, small stones in renal calices, and polysegmental pneumonia. She received antibiotics, calcimimetics, and every-day hemodiafiltration (HDF), and underwent vacuum aspiration of uterine cavity and surgical removal of the parathyroidoma. Her PTH shortly returned to the reference level, and serum creatinine dropped to 140 µmol/L after kidney replacement therapy (KRT) secession. Pathology confirmed the diagnosis of parathyroid adenoma. PHPT should be included in the diagnostic algorithm of AKI in pregnancy along with vomiting of pregnant, sepsis, pre-eclampsia and other causes. Successful management of PHPT complications in pregnancy demands multidisciplinary team.
{"title":"Primary hyperparathyroidism, presenting with acute kidney injury in the first trimester of pregnancy; a case report","authors":"E. Zakharova, E. Pashkova, D. Levikov, Aza Tseloeva, R. Kuznetsov, O. Ignatchenko, I. Lebedinsky, A. Evsikov, V.R. Gadzhiev, Dmitry Eremin, S. Sorokoletov, E. Rodionov, D. Grekov","doi":"10.34172/jpd.2022.11152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jpd.2022.11152","url":null,"abstract":"Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is the leading cause of hypercalcemia. Total serum calcium level >3.5 mmol/L is associated with a high risk of a hypercalcemic crisis, manifesting with nausea, vomiting, dehydration, myalgia’s, abdominal pain, acute pancreatitis, acute kidney injury (AKI), cardiac rhythm disorders and disturbances of consciousness. We report here a case of PHPT, manifested with hypercalcemic crisis during pregnancy. A 30-year-old woman in the first trimester of pregnancy admitted complaining on loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, lower abdomen pain, weakness, and leg pain during the last 10 days. She had a history of two uncomplicated pregnancies, and two episodes of renal colic, her kidney function was normal 2 weeks prior to admission. Work-up showed hypochloremia, hypokalemia, hyponatremia, total serum calcium was 5.34 mmol/L, and serum creatinine 226 µmol/L, and she underwent urgent hemodialysis (HD). Her parathyroid hormone (PTH) was 948 pg/mL, and imaging revealed missed miscarriage 9-10 weeks, soft tissue mass 30x20x33mm near the lower pole of the left lobe of the thyroid gland, small stones in renal calices, and polysegmental pneumonia. She received antibiotics, calcimimetics, and every-day hemodiafiltration (HDF), and underwent vacuum aspiration of uterine cavity and surgical removal of the parathyroidoma. Her PTH shortly returned to the reference level, and serum creatinine dropped to 140 µmol/L after kidney replacement therapy (KRT) secession. Pathology confirmed the diagnosis of parathyroid adenoma. PHPT should be included in the diagnostic algorithm of AKI in pregnancy along with vomiting of pregnant, sepsis, pre-eclampsia and other causes. Successful management of PHPT complications in pregnancy demands multidisciplinary team.","PeriodicalId":16657,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parathyroid Disease","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76003943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Implication for health policy/practice/research/medical education: Vitamin D is able to potentiate the body against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by increasing angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 expression, inhibiting the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system and regulating the innate and adaptive immunity.
{"title":"COVID-19 intensity and the status of vitamin D","authors":"H. Nasri","doi":"10.34172/jpd.2022.11158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jpd.2022.11158","url":null,"abstract":"Implication for health policy/practice/research/medical education: Vitamin D is able to potentiate the body against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by increasing angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 expression, inhibiting the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system and regulating the innate and adaptive immunity.","PeriodicalId":16657,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parathyroid Disease","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79613210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zahra Ansari Aval, S. M. Mirhosseini, Sepideh JafariNaeini, H. Ghaderi, S. Mirjafari
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has affected different communities all over the world. A wide spectrum of complications has been reported due to COVID-19 infection, among which a hypercoagulability state is one of the most significant. The patient was a 44-year-old obese woman with a history of diabetes, hypothyroidism, cigarette smoking and opium addiction, who had recently been diagnosed with COVID -19 and had undergone cardiac surgery due to right atrial thrombosis. The patient was also affected by bilateral upper extremity thrombosis 20 days after surgery. Protein C deficiency was diagnosed by measuring serum levels and she was discharged from the hospital with apixaban instead of warfarin due to protein c deficiency.
{"title":"Bilateral upper extremity thrombosis associated with protein C deficiency in a COVID-19 patient; a case report","authors":"Zahra Ansari Aval, S. M. Mirhosseini, Sepideh JafariNaeini, H. Ghaderi, S. Mirjafari","doi":"10.34172/jpd.2022.10149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jpd.2022.10149","url":null,"abstract":"The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has affected different communities all over the world. A wide spectrum of complications has been reported due to COVID-19 infection, among which a hypercoagulability state is one of the most significant. The patient was a 44-year-old obese woman with a history of diabetes, hypothyroidism, cigarette smoking and opium addiction, who had recently been diagnosed with COVID -19 and had undergone cardiac surgery due to right atrial thrombosis. The patient was also affected by bilateral upper extremity thrombosis 20 days after surgery. Protein C deficiency was diagnosed by measuring serum levels and she was discharged from the hospital with apixaban instead of warfarin due to protein c deficiency.","PeriodicalId":16657,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parathyroid Disease","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81890816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: The most prevalent endocrine malignancy is thyroid carcinoma. Thyroid cancer is much more common than it was previously. The prognosis of people with this condition can be impacted by a number of factors. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the prognosis and survival rates of thyroid cancer patients in western Iran. Patients and Methods: This retrospective cohort study was performed on all patients (n = 312) with diagnosing thyroid cancer based on pathology results between 2011 and 2021. Demographic and clinical information and disease staging of patients based on TNM (tumor, node, and metastasis) system were extracted from patients’ medical records. Kaplan-Meier method, log-rank test, and Cox regression were used for the analysis of the data. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS version 22. Results: Our findings showed that the mean survival time for all participants in the study was 39.9 months. Additional analysis revealed that the mean survival time is significantly lower in people who residence in urban areas. Furthermore, men, people aged 50-80 years old, and those who were in the TNM stage I had the highest mean survival time. Based on the univariate analysis age, TNM stage are associated with risk of death in patient with thyroid cancer. Conclusion: Death from thyroid cancer is correlated with patients’ age, gender, and disease stage. Age is important risk of death. Additionally, overall survival of the patients decreases with increasing time.
简介:最常见的内分泌恶性肿瘤是甲状腺癌。甲状腺癌比以前更常见了。患有这种疾病的人的预后可能受到许多因素的影响。目的:本研究的目的是评估伊朗西部甲状腺癌患者的预后和生存率。患者和方法:这项回顾性队列研究纳入了2011年至2021年间根据病理结果诊断为甲状腺癌的所有患者(n = 312)。从患者病历中提取基于TNM(肿瘤、淋巴结和转移)系统的患者人口学、临床信息和疾病分期。数据分析采用Kaplan-Meier法、log-rank检验和Cox回归。所得数据在SPSS version 22中进行分析。结果:我们的研究结果显示，所有参与者的平均生存时间为39.9个月。进一步的分析显示，居住在城市地区的人的平均生存时间明显较低。此外，男性、50-80岁人群和TNM I期患者的平均生存时间最高。基于单因素分析，年龄、TNM分期与甲状腺癌患者死亡风险相关。结论:甲状腺癌死亡与患者年龄、性别、疾病分期有关。年龄是死亡的重要危险因素。此外，患者的总生存率随着时间的增加而降低。
{"title":"Survival rates and prognostic factors of thyroid cancer: A retrospective cohort study","authors":"A. Amri, A. Soltanian, S. Borzouei","doi":"10.34172/jpd.2022.11162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jpd.2022.11162","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The most prevalent endocrine malignancy is thyroid carcinoma. Thyroid cancer is much more common than it was previously. The prognosis of people with this condition can be impacted by a number of factors. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the prognosis and survival rates of thyroid cancer patients in western Iran. Patients and Methods: This retrospective cohort study was performed on all patients (n = 312) with diagnosing thyroid cancer based on pathology results between 2011 and 2021. Demographic and clinical information and disease staging of patients based on TNM (tumor, node, and metastasis) system were extracted from patients’ medical records. Kaplan-Meier method, log-rank test, and Cox regression were used for the analysis of the data. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS version 22. Results: Our findings showed that the mean survival time for all participants in the study was 39.9 months. Additional analysis revealed that the mean survival time is significantly lower in people who residence in urban areas. Furthermore, men, people aged 50-80 years old, and those who were in the TNM stage I had the highest mean survival time. Based on the univariate analysis age, TNM stage are associated with risk of death in patient with thyroid cancer. Conclusion: Death from thyroid cancer is correlated with patients’ age, gender, and disease stage. Age is important risk of death. Additionally, overall survival of the patients decreases with increasing time.","PeriodicalId":16657,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parathyroid Disease","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90462688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Implication for health policy/practice/research/medical education: The mechanisms interacted as the etiologies of hypocalcemia in SARS-CoV-2 are impaired intestinal absorption of calcium, disturbed secretion or impaired response to parathormone due to increased concentration of inflammatory cytokines, vitamin D insufficiency and hypoalbuminemia. Moreover, hypoxia-induce tissue injury with consequent rise in calcium influx are another possible mechanism. However, the effect of SARS-CoV-2 on parathormone secretion could explain the hypocalcemia of COVID-19 patients.
{"title":"Parathyroid glands and COVID-19; a neglected entity","authors":"H. Nasri","doi":"10.34172/jpd.2022.11165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jpd.2022.11165","url":null,"abstract":"Implication for health policy/practice/research/medical education: The mechanisms interacted as the etiologies of hypocalcemia in SARS-CoV-2 are impaired intestinal absorption of calcium, disturbed secretion or impaired response to parathormone due to increased concentration of inflammatory cytokines, vitamin D insufficiency and hypoalbuminemia. Moreover, hypoxia-induce tissue injury with consequent rise in calcium influx are another possible mechanism. However, the effect of SARS-CoV-2 on parathormone secretion could explain the hypocalcemia of COVID-19 patients.","PeriodicalId":16657,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parathyroid Disease","volume":"278 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73561043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bipolar disorders are among the most significant neuropsychiatric conditions, affecting many people annually worldwide. Despite being accepted as one of the most effective treatments for this illness, lithium, like any other medicine, is associated with a number of adverse effects. Lithium’s adverse effects are divided into acute and chronic categories. The acute effects include renal, thyroid, and parathyroid dysfunction and hypercalcemia, while the chronic effects involve parathyroid hyperplasia and adenoma, among others. This paper will discuss the physiopathology, prevalence, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of lithium’s adverse effects.
{"title":"An updated mini-review on the impact of lithium therapy on the parathyroid glands function and structure","authors":"Sepideh Yadollahifarsani, Parisa Soleimani","doi":"10.34172/jpd.2022.11171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jpd.2022.11171","url":null,"abstract":"Bipolar disorders are among the most significant neuropsychiatric conditions, affecting many people annually worldwide. Despite being accepted as one of the most effective treatments for this illness, lithium, like any other medicine, is associated with a number of adverse effects. Lithium’s adverse effects are divided into acute and chronic categories. The acute effects include renal, thyroid, and parathyroid dysfunction and hypercalcemia, while the chronic effects involve parathyroid hyperplasia and adenoma, among others. This paper will discuss the physiopathology, prevalence, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of lithium’s adverse effects.","PeriodicalId":16657,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parathyroid Disease","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88070717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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