Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.1080/18680860.2021.2014242
H. H. Ehrl CanReg, Patricia Engel, Petrus Schuster OSB
ABSTRACT Knot-tack sewing was discovered in Austrian libraries in the 1940s and this finding was published by Eleonore Klee. Her communication with Christopher Clarkson thereafter is published in the contribution for the first time. Furthermore, E. Klee's observations going beyond her published texts and traced by revisiting the relevant codices in the Abbeys of Kremsmünster and St. Florian are described. These observations lead to the suggestion that the knot-tack sewing was invented about 100 years earlier than so far believed.
{"title":"Knot-tack Sewing / Knotenheftung – Its Possible Origin and Identification in Today’s Upper Austria","authors":"H. H. Ehrl CanReg, Patricia Engel, Petrus Schuster OSB","doi":"10.1080/18680860.2021.2014242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18680860.2021.2014242","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Knot-tack sewing was discovered in Austrian libraries in the 1940s and this finding was published by Eleonore Klee. Her communication with Christopher Clarkson thereafter is published in the contribution for the first time. Furthermore, E. Klee's observations going beyond her published texts and traced by revisiting the relevant codices in the Abbeys of Kremsmünster and St. Florian are described. These observations lead to the suggestion that the knot-tack sewing was invented about 100 years earlier than so far believed.","PeriodicalId":16666,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Paper Conservation","volume":"35 1","pages":"70 - 80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77109811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.1080/18680860.2021.2020559
{"title":"ICRI Statement","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/18680860.2021.2020559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18680860.2021.2020559","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16666,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Paper Conservation","volume":"59 1","pages":"5 - 5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72729736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.1080/18680860.2021.1970499
J. Gillis
In May 1984, having completed my apprenticeship as a bookbinder and print finisher in Dublin’s College of Technology and finishing the Advanced City and Guilds in Bookbinding exam, I was a self-employed journeyman. Along with hand binding periodicals and re-casing books for a local priory library, I worked weekends as a print finisher on the production line of a Sunday newspaper. It was at this point, I was seriously considering the offer of a well-paid position in an enormous print finishing company in Norway. Fate then intervened in the guise of a phone call from Brian Kennedy, head of school at my old college, informing me that there was a six-month position available in the Conservation Department of Trinity College Dublin. The position was to supervise a preservation team, comprised of students, that each summer, worked through the early printed books in the Long Room Library, cleaning, consolidating, and recording the volumes. It was because of my interest in hand binding that Brian Kennedy had recommended me to the head of the department, Tony Cains. ‘Once you’re in, you’re in’ Brian told me in the course of the call, adding that when I phoned Trinity I should ask for a Ray Jordan, ‘he’s a Dub like yourself, the boss can be tricky’. Later I discovered that Brian Kennedy had spent time as one of the Angeli del Fango volunteers working under Tony’s direction in Florence, after the floods of 1966. On the day of the interview, I met Ray outside the enormous oak door at the west-end of the Long Room Library building; he led me up into the attic space, the home of the Trinity’s Library Conservation Laboratory. There, I was interviewed sitting on a stool, surrounded by the staff, including Tony, who was enjoying a cigarette with his coffee. After some questions and my dry hands and red suede desert boots receiving favourable comment, Tony left for lunch. After the ‘interview’ I was taken on a grand tour of Trinity Library by Matt Hattonththt, the other member of tony's team. Totally disoriented, I eventually found myself back outside the oak door of the Library. As I stood chatting with Matt, I felt a sharp slap on the back and a heard a cheery ‘see you next week’ both delivered by a passer-by in a green waxed cotton Barbour® jacket. So began a relationship and a steep 18-year learning curve with Tony Cains and his TCD Conservation Department. Tony had also come through the apprenticeship system and was a very strong advocate of this method of learning; it was his opinion that it took ten years for a book conservator to acquire the necessary range of skills and be self-assured in decision making and with a degree of natural talent, capable of producing work to a good standard. Tony had strong views in relation to workshop practice (he never warmed to the term ‘laboratory’), in the first place, he held that the conservator should, where possible, take the work from start to finish, without delegating different procedures such as sewing or forwardi
1984年5月，我在都柏林技术学院完成了装订师和印刷精加工师的学徒期，并通过了高级城市和行业装订师考试，成为了一名自由职业者。除了为当地一家修道院图书馆手工装订期刊和重新包装书籍外，我还在周末在一家周日报纸的生产线上做印刷工。就在这个时候，我正在认真考虑挪威一家大型印刷加工公司提供的高薪职位。后来，命运伪装成我以前大学的校长布赖恩·肯尼迪打来电话，告诉我都柏林三一学院自然保护系有一个六个月的职位空缺。这个职位是管理一个由学生组成的保存小组，每年夏天，他们都要在长室图书馆里清理、整理和记录早期的印刷书籍。正是因为我对手工装订感兴趣，布莱恩·肯尼迪才把我推荐给系主任托尼·凯恩斯。布莱恩在电话中告诉我:“一旦你入选，你就入选了。”他还说，当我打电话给崔妮蒂的时候，我应该找一个雷·乔丹，“他和你一样都是配音演员，老板可能会很狡猾。”后来我发现，1966年洪水过后，布莱恩·肯尼迪曾在托尼的指导下，作为Angeli del Fango的志愿者之一，在佛罗伦萨工作过一段时间。采访那天，我在长室图书馆西端那扇巨大的橡木门外见到了雷;他把我带到了阁楼空间，三一图书馆保护实验室的所在地。在那里，我坐在一张凳子上接受采访，周围都是工作人员，包括托尼，他正在一边喝咖啡一边抽着烟。在问了几个问题之后，我那双干手和红色麂皮沙漠靴得到了好评，托尼就去吃午饭了。“面试”结束后，托尼团队的另一位成员马特·哈顿思特(Matt Hattonththt)带我参观了三一图书馆。完全迷失了方向，我终于发现自己回到了图书馆的橡木门外。当我站在那里和马特聊天时，我感到背上有一记响亮的耳光，并听到一声“下周见”，这两句话都是一位穿着绿色巴伯®棉质上蜡夹克的路人说的。于是，我与托尼·凯恩斯和他的TCD保护部门开始了一段18年的关系和陡峭的学习曲线。托尼也经历过学徒制，是这种学习方法的强烈倡导者;他认为，一个图书管理员需要十年的时间才能掌握必要的技能，在决策方面自信，并具有一定程度的天赋，能够制作出高水平的作品。托尼对车间实践有强烈的看法(他从不喜欢“实验室”这个词)，首先，他认为修复人员应该，在可能的情况下，把工作从头到尾，而不是把缝纫或转发等不同的程序委托给其他修复人员，尽管分工对佛罗伦萨国家中央图书馆是必要的，托尼监督着一大批员工，保护洪水中被水损坏的材料。在此基础上，他给每个修复人员分配了一个专门的工作空间，这个区域包括所有必要的设备，一个光桌，一个压榨机等。这种方法令人振奋，因为它给每个员工一种自主权和责任感，并提供了一个学习我们的工艺和获得必要技能的环境，以及摆脱一些已经获得的装订工。托尼认为这一步是必须的。通常情况下，修复人员会看到多个需要进行相同修复处理的物品，我的工作台上经常会出现8到10次重新修复的情况;通过重复学习是托尼的座右铭。然而，在第一天，在接受了一些初步的指导后，我站在我的长凳上，一个声音从我身后传来，建议我:“记住，重要的是书。”每个项目都以文件开始，这些文件由折叠的A4卡片上的一系列打勾框组成，后来我才知道，这是佛罗伦萨洪水时开发的一个修改版本
{"title":"A Master at My Shoulder: Tony Cains, Mentor","authors":"J. Gillis","doi":"10.1080/18680860.2021.1970499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18680860.2021.1970499","url":null,"abstract":"In May 1984, having completed my apprenticeship as a bookbinder and print finisher in Dublin’s College of Technology and finishing the Advanced City and Guilds in Bookbinding exam, I was a self-employed journeyman. Along with hand binding periodicals and re-casing books for a local priory library, I worked weekends as a print finisher on the production line of a Sunday newspaper. It was at this point, I was seriously considering the offer of a well-paid position in an enormous print finishing company in Norway. Fate then intervened in the guise of a phone call from Brian Kennedy, head of school at my old college, informing me that there was a six-month position available in the Conservation Department of Trinity College Dublin. The position was to supervise a preservation team, comprised of students, that each summer, worked through the early printed books in the Long Room Library, cleaning, consolidating, and recording the volumes. It was because of my interest in hand binding that Brian Kennedy had recommended me to the head of the department, Tony Cains. ‘Once you’re in, you’re in’ Brian told me in the course of the call, adding that when I phoned Trinity I should ask for a Ray Jordan, ‘he’s a Dub like yourself, the boss can be tricky’. Later I discovered that Brian Kennedy had spent time as one of the Angeli del Fango volunteers working under Tony’s direction in Florence, after the floods of 1966. On the day of the interview, I met Ray outside the enormous oak door at the west-end of the Long Room Library building; he led me up into the attic space, the home of the Trinity’s Library Conservation Laboratory. There, I was interviewed sitting on a stool, surrounded by the staff, including Tony, who was enjoying a cigarette with his coffee. After some questions and my dry hands and red suede desert boots receiving favourable comment, Tony left for lunch. After the ‘interview’ I was taken on a grand tour of Trinity Library by Matt Hattonththt, the other member of tony's team. Totally disoriented, I eventually found myself back outside the oak door of the Library. As I stood chatting with Matt, I felt a sharp slap on the back and a heard a cheery ‘see you next week’ both delivered by a passer-by in a green waxed cotton Barbour® jacket. So began a relationship and a steep 18-year learning curve with Tony Cains and his TCD Conservation Department. Tony had also come through the apprenticeship system and was a very strong advocate of this method of learning; it was his opinion that it took ten years for a book conservator to acquire the necessary range of skills and be self-assured in decision making and with a degree of natural talent, capable of producing work to a good standard. Tony had strong views in relation to workshop practice (he never warmed to the term ‘laboratory’), in the first place, he held that the conservator should, where possible, take the work from start to finish, without delegating different procedures such as sewing or forwardi","PeriodicalId":16666,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Paper Conservation","volume":"29 1","pages":"6 - 12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79345591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.1080/18680860.2021.1955642
Andrew Megaw
ABSTRACT Tony Cains’s important contribution to book conservation is widely acknowledged. This essay focusses on the pioneering and sustained work that Tony has provided in the area of book preservation through the Long Room Project. Tony initiated this project in the 1980s to address the pressing preservation needs of the diverse collection of historical bookbindings, from the 15th-19th centuries, housed in the Old Library at Trinity College Dublin. The Long Room, which stores the books, dates from the eighteenth century and presents many preservation challenges. Tony took a systematic (and phased) approach to training teams of preservation assistants to work their way through the collections. In doing so, Tony developed several new in-situ repair techniques and learned more about the material nature of the collections. He also stressed the collaborative nature of many preservation activities. An area where all stakeholders must assume responsibility and ownership to aid in the long-term longevity of historical book collections. The essay also shows that Tony’s model was one of sustainability as the preservation project exists to this day and the collections continue to be carefully cared for.
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Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.1080/18680860.2021.2010444
A. Cains, A. Campagnolo, Amelia Hugill-Fontanel, R. DeStefano
ABSTRACT This is a transcript of the lecture and demonstration given by Anthony Cains on his moulded-leather decorative binding technique at the Bookbinding 2000 Conference, held at the Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT), Rochester, NY, from the 1st to the 3rd of June 2000. The full video is now freely available online on RIT’s Cary Graphic Arts Collection YouTube channel: https://youtu.be/kKJpDnSwzDo.
本文是Anthony Cains于2000年6月1日至3日在纽约州罗彻斯特市罗彻斯特理工学院(RIT)举行的2000年图书装订大会上关于他的模塑皮革装饰装订技术的演讲和演示文稿。完整的视频现在可以在RIT的Cary Graphic Arts Collection YouTube频道上免费在线观看:https://youtu.be/kKJpDnSwzDo。
{"title":"Transcript of ‘A Decorative Leather Covering Technique’, a Lecture and Demonstration Given by Anthony Cains at the Bookbinding 2000 Conference, Rochester (NY), in June 2000","authors":"A. Cains, A. Campagnolo, Amelia Hugill-Fontanel, R. DeStefano","doi":"10.1080/18680860.2021.2010444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18680860.2021.2010444","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This is a transcript of the lecture and demonstration given by Anthony Cains on his moulded-leather decorative binding technique at the Bookbinding 2000 Conference, held at the Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT), Rochester, NY, from the 1st to the 3rd of June 2000. The full video is now freely available online on RIT’s Cary Graphic Arts Collection YouTube channel: https://youtu.be/kKJpDnSwzDo.","PeriodicalId":16666,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Paper Conservation","volume":"82 1","pages":"24 - 33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73418608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.1080/18680860.2021.2014240
A. Campagnolo
ABSTRACT This bibliography attempts to bring together Anthony Cains's academic production, but also publications about him, including obituaries. We encourage anyone with information about items that are missing from this list, especially unpublished reports and translations, to come forward and contribute.
{"title":"Anthony Cains's Bibliography","authors":"A. Campagnolo","doi":"10.1080/18680860.2021.2014240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18680860.2021.2014240","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This bibliography attempts to bring together Anthony Cains's academic production, but also publications about him, including obituaries. We encourage anyone with information about items that are missing from this list, especially unpublished reports and translations, to come forward and contribute.","PeriodicalId":16666,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Paper Conservation","volume":"124 1","pages":"20 - 23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75870623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.1080/18680860.2021.2060659
{"title":"Anthony Cains at work on the new boards for the Ellesmere Chaucer","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/18680860.2021.2060659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18680860.2021.2060659","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16666,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Paper Conservation","volume":"125 1","pages":"iv - iv"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84910642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.1080/18680860.2021.2007741
Margot Terpstra
ABSTRACT In this paper, 31 sample books in the collection from Museum the Lakenhal in Leiden, the Netherlands will be investigated for their curious form of deformation: the bookblocks of all the 31 Lakenhal sample books are heavily deformed, with the pages curling up, down and around each other, almost like a wave. All the books are examined to determine a possible cause for this deformation. Both external causes, such as water damage, as well as internal factors and problems caused by their construction will be considered. To aid the search for a possible explanation for the deformation, a reconstruction was made of the bookblock to see how the pages move in relation to each other and to the bookblock as a whole. The reconstruction also illustrates how the addition of samples on the pages inhibits the movement of the pages and how they fall into place when the book is closed. The spatial distribution of the samples on the page, and the empty space this leaves between samples and pages, appears to cause problems in the bookblock.
{"title":"A Wave from the Past","authors":"Margot Terpstra","doi":"10.1080/18680860.2021.2007741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18680860.2021.2007741","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this paper, 31 sample books in the collection from Museum the Lakenhal in Leiden, the Netherlands will be investigated for their curious form of deformation: the bookblocks of all the 31 Lakenhal sample books are heavily deformed, with the pages curling up, down and around each other, almost like a wave. All the books are examined to determine a possible cause for this deformation. Both external causes, such as water damage, as well as internal factors and problems caused by their construction will be considered. To aid the search for a possible explanation for the deformation, a reconstruction was made of the bookblock to see how the pages move in relation to each other and to the bookblock as a whole. The reconstruction also illustrates how the addition of samples on the pages inhibits the movement of the pages and how they fall into place when the book is closed. The spatial distribution of the samples on the page, and the empty space this leaves between samples and pages, appears to cause problems in the bookblock.","PeriodicalId":16666,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Paper Conservation","volume":"84 1","pages":"120 - 130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89026214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-01DOI: 10.1080/18680860.2020.1951001
Thea Winther, Johanna Fries-Markiewicz, Gabriëlle Beentjes
ABSTRACT In 1994–1995 the same editions of printed books were treated by four mass deacidification methods: diethyl zinc, Wei T'o, Battelle, and Bookkeeper. Forty one titles from 1832 to 1991 were sampled from a dissertation collection and four sets sent to mass deacidification plants, while one set was untreated. In 2019, 155 paper samples were analysed for alkaline reserve and pH (cold extract) to compare the performance of treated books with untreated ones. Twenty samples were analysed for degree of polymerization by viscosity average. User experience has also been tested, in 1996 and in 2019. Results showed higher pH and AR for treated books compared to those untreated, and a greater experienced effect for the untreated compared to the treated today. For pH and AR there were differentiations between the deacidification methods, while the results for DP showed greater complexity, pointing to the need for on-going further studies of mass deacidified books.
{"title":"Mass Deacidification 25 Years Later: Analysis of pH, Alkaline Reserve, DP and Usage Evaluation of Naturally Aged Books","authors":"Thea Winther, Johanna Fries-Markiewicz, Gabriëlle Beentjes","doi":"10.1080/18680860.2020.1951001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18680860.2020.1951001","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In 1994–1995 the same editions of printed books were treated by four mass deacidification methods: diethyl zinc, Wei T'o, Battelle, and Bookkeeper. Forty one titles from 1832 to 1991 were sampled from a dissertation collection and four sets sent to mass deacidification plants, while one set was untreated. In 2019, 155 paper samples were analysed for alkaline reserve and pH (cold extract) to compare the performance of treated books with untreated ones. Twenty samples were analysed for degree of polymerization by viscosity average. User experience has also been tested, in 1996 and in 2019. Results showed higher pH and AR for treated books compared to those untreated, and a greater experienced effect for the untreated compared to the treated today. For pH and AR there were differentiations between the deacidification methods, while the results for DP showed greater complexity, pointing to the need for on-going further studies of mass deacidified books.","PeriodicalId":16666,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Paper Conservation","volume":"15 1","pages":"127 - 139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82503015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-01DOI: 10.1080/18680860.2020.2009704
Benjamin Kirschner
ABSTRACT Light emitting diodes (LED) offer a variety of beneficial properties for aqueous light bleaching of paper. They provide an intense light in a controllable setting while eliminating negative side effects associated with other light sources. Due to their low emission of infrared radiation (IR) and lack of ultraviolet radiation (UV), they can be placed closer to the object than any other light source. This multiplies the illuminance on the paper and thereby accelerates the bleaching process. The present investigation evaluates the properties of high-performance light emitting diodes for application in light bleaching treatments of various works of art on paper. A custom-built LED bleaching device with a maximum luminous flux of 30,000 lumens was used. The case studies demonstrate the relative ease of application of the LEDs for aqueous light bleaching. The treatment results illustrate the LED’s immense potential in quickly and consistently reducing local and overall discolouration of paper.
{"title":"Light Bleaching with Light Emitting Diodes (LED): Evaluation of Treatment Procedure and Bleaching Potential","authors":"Benjamin Kirschner","doi":"10.1080/18680860.2020.2009704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18680860.2020.2009704","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Light emitting diodes (LED) offer a variety of beneficial properties for aqueous light bleaching of paper. They provide an intense light in a controllable setting while eliminating negative side effects associated with other light sources. Due to their low emission of infrared radiation (IR) and lack of ultraviolet radiation (UV), they can be placed closer to the object than any other light source. This multiplies the illuminance on the paper and thereby accelerates the bleaching process. The present investigation evaluates the properties of high-performance light emitting diodes for application in light bleaching treatments of various works of art on paper. A custom-built LED bleaching device with a maximum luminous flux of 30,000 lumens was used. The case studies demonstrate the relative ease of application of the LEDs for aqueous light bleaching. The treatment results illustrate the LED’s immense potential in quickly and consistently reducing local and overall discolouration of paper.","PeriodicalId":16666,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Paper Conservation","volume":"1 1","pages":"151 - 165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89274598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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