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Contemporary atlases of Serbia 塞尔维亚当代地图集
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/IJGI1101107V
Mirčeta Vemić, Suzana Lovic
There are a number of publications under the title ‘Atlas of Serbia’, but few of them are real atlases, i.e. cartographic works in the traditional sense of the word. In the last century, a small number of geographical, geological, historical, linguistic and other atlases were published for Serbia individually or in the Yugoslav state, and there has not been any larger, complex, synthetic atlas belonging to the category of national atlases. At the beginning of this century, cartographic activity in the country ceased to be a state monopoly, which has resulted in certain progress in the production of atlases, but they have mostly been made by foreign licenses, and only in some cases with certain complements, or with modest attempts on independent work. This paper refers to analysis of conditions and production of the atlas of Serbia at the turn of centuries, as well as needs and opportunities of developing new atlases, including the development of the national atlas of Serbia.
有许多出版物以“塞尔维亚地图集”为题,但其中很少是真正的地图集,即传统意义上的制图作品。在上个世纪,为塞尔维亚单独或在南斯拉夫国家出版了少量地理、地质、历史、语言和其他地图集,没有任何较大的、复杂的综合地图集属于国家地图集的范畴。在本世纪初,该国的制图活动不再由国家垄断,这导致地图集的制作取得了一定的进展,但它们大多是通过外国许可证制作的,只有在某些情况下有一定的补充,或者是对独立工作的适度尝试。本文分析了世纪之交塞尔维亚地图集的条件和制作,以及开发新地图集的需求和机遇,包括塞尔维亚国家地图集的开发。
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引用次数: 0
Spontaneously abandoned settlements in Serbia: Part 2 塞尔维亚自发放弃的定居点:第二部分
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/IJGI1102025M
M. Milošević, M. Milivojević, Jelena Ćalić
This is the second part of the article “Spontaneously abandoned settlements in Serbia”, the first part of which was published in No. 60-2 of this Journal. Geomorphological indicators pointing at unsustainability of the studied settlements are singled out. The indicators are classified as morphometric (quantitative) and morphologic (qualitative). Geomorphometry has been used for determination of quantitative indicators. The coefficient of settlement isolation (Ki) is defined, which is a product of road coefficient (Kr) and real relative height (RRH). Morphological indicators refer to the position of a settlement on a certain geomorphological unit (ridge, valley, valley side), as well as to the geomorphological homogeneity of space, determined by geomorphological mapping. The defined indicators of unsustainability are presented in detail as a case study of the abandoned village Smilov Laz, in the municipality of Novi Pazar.
这是“塞尔维亚境内自发放弃的定居点”一文的第二部分,该一文的第一部分发表在本刊第60-2期。指出所研究的聚落不可持续的地貌指标。这些指标分为形态计量学(定量)和形态学(定性)。地貌学已被用于定量指标的确定。定义了沉降隔离系数Ki,它是道路系数Kr与实际相对高度RRH的乘积。形态指标是指聚落在某一地貌单元(岭、谷、谷边)上的位置,以及通过地貌填图确定的空间地貌均匀性。本文以新帕扎尔市的废弃村庄Smilov Laz为例,详细介绍了不可持续性指标的定义。
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引用次数: 7
On the relationship between geography and geology : Past and future 论地理学与地质学的关系:过去与未来
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/IJGI0757021J
V. Jović
Geography and geology are terms derived from the same root. They share the prefix geo, but the other element of the two composite words-logos and graphein-introduces a distinction. Owing to the ever-increasing number of scientists and the advancement of all disciplines, all sciences have become interdisciplinary in their approaches, and this trend will only grow in the future. The old controversy in geosciences-whether geomorphology forms part of geology or geography-offers yet another argument for their relatedness. The issue has even become a subject of wide-ranging internet debate a few years ago. Environmental concerns have brought many well-intentioned people together, but also many sciences and disciplines. Geography and geology have established a strong new bond known as landscape geochemistry, the study of distribution and migration of chemical elements under the influence of landscape determining factors (relief, climate, water, soil and vegetation cover, animal world, human activity). The rapprochement between geography and geology can be seen from yet another example: geomedicine. The term is becoming ever more popular and widely used to denote a combination of medical geography and medical geology, two increasingly overlapping disciplines. At many universities worldwide geology and geography are taught within a single department, which further bolsters the alliance between the two disciplines. The example of Jovan Cvijic (1865- 1927), an eminent Serbian scientist, perfectly shows how a combined geographical and geological approach to natural phenomena can produce results of lasting scientific value.
地理学和地质学是同一个词根衍生出来的术语。它们共享前缀geo,但这两个复合词的另一个元素——logos和graphein——引入了一个区别。由于科学家数量的不断增加和所有学科的进步,所有科学的方法都变成了跨学科,这种趋势在未来只会增长。地貌学究竟是地质学的一部分还是地理学的一部分,这是地球科学中由来已久的争论,为两者的相关性提供了另一个论据。几年前,这个问题甚至成为了互联网上广泛讨论的话题。对环境的关注把许多善意的人聚集在一起,也把许多科学和学科聚集在一起。地理学和地质学已经建立了一个强大的新纽带,即景观地球化学,研究在景观决定因素(地形、气候、水、土壤和植被覆盖、动物世界、人类活动)影响下化学元素的分布和迁移。地理学和地质学之间的友好关系可以从另一个例子中看出来:地质医学。这个术语变得越来越流行,被广泛用于表示医学地理学和医学地质学这两个日益重叠的学科的结合。在世界各地的许多大学里,地质学和地理学是在一个系内教授的,这进一步加强了这两个学科之间的联盟。塞尔维亚著名科学家Jovan Cvijic(1865- 1927)的例子完美地展示了如何将地理和地质方法结合起来研究自然现象,从而产生具有持久科学价值的结果。
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引用次数: 0
CARTOGRAPHIC MODELING OF THE POPULATION DENSITY IN THE FUNCTION OF RESEARCH OF SPATIAL-DEMOGRAPHICAL RELATIONS 人口密度在地图建模中的作用——空间-人口关系研究
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/IJGI0554115J
Jasmina M. Jovanovic, Dragica M. Živković
Cartographic modeling of the population density by a diagram map method (comparative way of semioscale mapping) and by a method of cartogram, enables presentation of the information about current spatial-demographical relations in a systematic, comparative, metrical, synoptic and suitable way, relevant for different aspects of specific research. Through methods of the cartographic information forms various types of population density are included: general, general agrarian, specific agrarian, agrarian-productive density and valorized agrarian population density. Chosen and applied cartographical methods, by modeling of the population density, enable to view them and express in a more apparent spatial graphical-analytical way. Applied semiometrics tends to realize the results of the numerical values of the parameters of the subject area via figures of symbols. Different types of population density are shown on the coordinate graph which enables their comparison as well as their status regarding the average values of the subject area. Cartographic modeling of the population density enables analytic and synthetic approach in researching and evaluating of the quantities and quality characteristics of the presented categories, which are functionally connected and determined, for the purpose of highlighting the typical, specific and essential. Application of the cartographic methods in modeling of the population density is shown in the example of municipalities in districts of Bor and Zajecar for 2002, where the spatial differentiation of the population density was explicit.
用图表法(半比例尺制图的比较方法)和制图法对人口密度进行制图建模,能够以系统的、比较的、计量的、概括性的和适当的方式,与具体研究的不同方面有关,表示有关当前空间人口关系的信息。通过制图信息形式的方法,人口密度包括:一般农业密度、一般农业密度、特定农业密度、农业生产密度和稳定农业人口密度。选择和应用制图方法,通过对人口密度进行建模,使人们能够以一种更明显的空间图形分析方式来观察和表达人口密度。应用半计量学倾向于通过图形或符号来实现主题区域参数数值的结果。在坐标图上显示了不同类型的人口密度,以便进行比较以及它们在主题区域平均值方面的状态。人口密度的制图建模可以用分析和综合的方法来研究和评价所提出的类别的数量和质量特征,这些类别在功能上是相互联系和确定的,目的是突出典型的、具体的和必要的。以2002年博尔和扎伊卡尔地区的城市为例,说明了制图方法在人口密度建模中的应用,这两个地区的人口密度空间分异非常明显。
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引用次数: 0
Fuzzy view of environment 模糊环境观
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/IJGI0757399B
B. Bajat, D. Joksic, Zoran Nedeljković
A period of fifty years has been reached since the introduction of the first applications based upon geographical information systems (GIS). GIS has not only influenced the development of methods, collection techniques, processing, manipulation and visualization of spatial data. It influenced also the expansion of scientific research in geosciences, as well as the technical disciplines that are engaged in spatial analysis. Nowadays, GIS is becoming the tool for verification and practical implementation of models and algorithms that have been developed within the frame of basic scientific disciplines. The meaning of the GIS acronym is becoming more and more related to term of Geographical or Geo Information Sciences. Scientific concepts that are increasingly applied in GIS are more emphasized in that way. GIS computational techniques, required also the development of geographical data models that should effectively support GIS operations. These models represent formal equivalents of conceptual models used by people in observing geographic phenomena. Spatial phenomena used to be mapped as clearly defined points with known coordinates, or as lines which connect the very same points, or as polygons with exactly defined borders. They were mapped previously in analog form and nowadays in digital format. This approach of perceiving a space, data analyses and visualization of spatial quires is limited on the application of basic rules of Boolean algebra and binary logic, with final results presented as classical thematic maps. The need for a mathematical model that would describe uncertainty of spatial data, resulted in the introduction of the theory of fuzzy sets in spatial analysis. Moreover, this model will provide a solution for visualization and grouping up of spatial phenomena in classes which do not have clearly defined borders.
自从基于地理信息系统(GIS)的第一批应用问世以来,已经过去了50年。GIS不仅影响了空间数据的方法、收集技术、处理、操作和可视化的发展。它还影响了地球科学研究以及从事空间分析的技术学科的扩大。如今,GIS正在成为验证和实际实施在基础科学学科框架内开发的模型和算法的工具。GIS这个缩写词的含义与地理或地理信息科学的术语越来越相关。以这种方式更加强调日益应用于地理信息系统的科学概念。地理信息系统的计算技术,也需要地理数据模型的发展,应该有效地支持地理信息系统的操作。这些模型代表了人们在观察地理现象时使用的概念模型的形式等价。过去,空间现象被映射为具有已知坐标的明确定义的点,或连接相同点的线,或具有精确定义边界的多边形。它们以前以模拟形式绘制,现在则以数字形式绘制。这种空间感知、数据分析和空间查询可视化的方法仅限于布尔代数和二进制逻辑的基本规则的应用,最终结果呈现为经典的主题地图。由于需要一个数学模型来描述空间数据的不确定性,在空间分析中引入了模糊集理论。此外,该模型将为没有明确边界的类的空间现象的可视化和分组提供解决方案。
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引用次数: 0
Development of tourist product on the farms: Case study 农场旅游产品的开发:个案研究
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/IJGI1102129C
N. Ćurčić, N. Pavlović
In marketing terms, rural tourism becomes significantly more important segment of the Serbian tourist offer. This kind of tourism has been developing in Vojvodina even on farms, as a specific form of traditional agricultural holding. This paper deals with the farms in the region of Becej, development of farming tourism up to now, as well as the analysis of the standpoint of farmers, both those with and without experience in doing profitable business this way. Questionnaire was used as an instrument in this research and the results collected are aimed at the development of selective tourist offer with the specific packages to be offered, and the development on a viable tourism foundation taken into consideration.
从市场营销的角度来看,乡村旅游在塞尔维亚旅游业中占有重要地位。在伏伊伏丁那省,这种旅游甚至在农场上也得到了发展,作为传统农业占有的一种特殊形式。本文介绍了北疆地区的农场、农业旅游发展至今的情况,分析了有农业旅游经验和没有农业旅游经验的农民的观点。本研究采用问卷调查作为工具,收集的结果旨在开发有选择性的旅游服务,提供具体的套餐,并考虑到可行的旅游基础上的发展。
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引用次数: 1
Distribution of industry in Bosnia and Herzegovina 波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那的工业分布
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/IJGI0757357N
R. Nurković
Review of industry distribution in Bosnia and Herzegovina has been analyzed on the grounds of data on number of employees in industry and social product of industry achieved by settlements in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Three strong industrial regions have developed such as: Sarajevo, Zenica, Banja Luka, Mostar and Tuzla.
对波斯尼亚-黑塞哥维那工业分布的审查是根据有关工业雇员人数和波斯尼亚-黑塞哥维那境内住区所取得的工业社会产品的数据进行分析的。三个强大的工业区已经发展起来:萨拉热窝、泽尼察、巴尼亚卢卡、莫斯塔尔和图兹拉。
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引用次数: 2
Climatic features of Ljig municipal and its surrounding area 丽江市及其周边地区气候特征
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/IJGI0655019M
A. Milanović
Territory of Ljig municipal is located in Podrinje-Colubara region and belongs to the temperate continental climate with continental rain regime. This is hilly- mountainous area with 848 m altitude (Rajac Mountain) and 723 m relative height, in which are deeply incised (up to 500 m) valleys of Ljig River and its tributaries. These geomorphologic features cause airstreams direction in this territory, and because of that some parts of Ljig municipal have temperate continental climate (like valleys) and some of them have severe continental climate (like Rajac Mountain). The peak of precipitation is at the end of spring and beginning of summer - in May and June, and the driest months are February and October. The great influences on climatic changes in Ljig municipal and its area have north low parts of Panonian area, which are open for penetration of damp and cold air streams from north, northwest and west. This mountain area on south part of Ljig municipal is some kind of "dam" for cold air streams from south, so they are considerable colder on this territory. On the base of available data in period 1961-1990 from Meteorological Annuals of Republic Hydrometeorological Institute of Serbia climatologic overview is presented.
利吉市境内位于Podrinje-Colubara地区,属温带大陆性气候,属大陆性雨气候。这是一个丘陵山区,海拔848米(Rajac山),相对高度723米,在这里,利吉江及其支流的山谷被深深切割(高达500米)。这些地貌特征决定了该地区的气流方向,因此,黎吉市部分地区为温带大陆性气候(如山谷),部分地区为严重大陆性气候(如拉惹山)。降水高峰出现在春末夏初的5月和6月,最干燥的月份是2月和10月。对黎吉市及其地区气候变化影响较大的是潘尼亚期北部低洼地区,该地区为北、西北和西方向的湿冷气流的渗透打开了通道。这个位于丽鸡市南部的山区是南方冷空气的“大坝”,所以这里的气温相当低。根据塞尔维亚共和国水文气象研究所1961-1990年的气象年刊资料,提出了气候概况。
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引用次数: 1
Economic geography researches in the Geographical Institute "Jovan Cvijić" “约万·奇季克”地理研究所的经济地理学研究
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/IJGI0757271M
Radmila Miletić
Economic geography research results from the Geographical Institute "Jovan Cvijic", are accessible to scientists and experts through a large number of Institutional Papers, published in two editions - "Collection of Papers" and "Special Issues", whose review has been given in this paper. Economic geography researches are very different by subject matter, territory and approach. Parallel to the research of conditions of territory distribution, structure, volume and level of whole economy activity (using theoretic-methodological and empirical aspects), there is also developing scientific research framework focused on some parts of economy activity. Many research results in rural, industrial and touristic geography gave very important contributions for further development in these scientific disciplines. Research of territory distribution of economic activities and characteristics have been present in the past but even more apparent today. They include many key questions, which are very important for solving problems of development of some areas in Serbia and define concepts for sustainable development and distribution.
Jovan Cvijic地理研究所的经济地理学研究成果,通过发表在“论文集”和“专刊”两个版本的大量机构论文,可供科学家和专家查阅,本文对其进行了综述。经济地理学研究在研究对象、研究领域和研究方法上存在很大差异。在研究整个经济活动的地域分布、结构、数量和水平等条件(运用理论方法和实证方法)的同时,也在发展以经济活动的某些部分为重点的科学研究框架。农村地理学、工业地理学和旅游地理学的许多研究成果为这些学科的进一步发展做出了重要贡献。经济活动的地域分布及其特征的研究在过去就有,但在今天更为明显。它们包括许多关键问题,这些问题对于解决塞尔维亚一些地区的发展问题和界定可持续发展和分配的概念非常重要。
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引用次数: 2
The investment policy and regional development of Serbia in the transition period 转型期塞尔维亚的投资政策与区域发展
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/IJGI1103047A
Jugoslav Aničić, M. Laketa, Svetlana Vukotić
Our country can compensate the lagging in the economic development in relation to the EU countries as well as to the countries of the region only by increasing the economy's competitiveness, depending to a great extent on the possibilities of the economic entities investment in improving the attributes of the existing and development of new products and services, as well as on introducing modern technology and technological procedures. The transition program conducted by former socialist countries was highly based on foreign direct investments (FDI) enabling these countries the successful inclusion into global flows of international production and overall economy. In this paper the possibilities and sources of our economy investing will be analyzed and the influence on enhancement of the overall and regional competitiveness of the companies as a necessary condition for increasing the export and the overall economic development of the country.
我国只能通过提高经济竞争力来弥补经济发展相对于欧盟国家以及该地区国家的滞后,这在很大程度上取决于经济实体在改善现有产品和服务的属性和开发新产品和服务方面的投资的可能性,以及引进现代技术和技术程序。前社会主义国家进行的转型计划高度依赖外国直接投资(FDI),使这些国家成功地融入国际生产和整体经济的全球流动。本文将分析我国经济投资的可能性和来源,以及提高企业整体和区域竞争力作为增加出口和国家整体经济发展的必要条件的影响。
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引用次数: 3
期刊
Journal of the Geographical Institute Jovan Cviji?, SASA
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