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On the relationship between geography and geology : Past and future 论地理学与地质学的关系:过去与未来
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/IJGI0757021J
V. Jović
Geography and geology are terms derived from the same root. They share the prefix geo, but the other element of the two composite words-logos and graphein-introduces a distinction. Owing to the ever-increasing number of scientists and the advancement of all disciplines, all sciences have become interdisciplinary in their approaches, and this trend will only grow in the future. The old controversy in geosciences-whether geomorphology forms part of geology or geography-offers yet another argument for their relatedness. The issue has even become a subject of wide-ranging internet debate a few years ago. Environmental concerns have brought many well-intentioned people together, but also many sciences and disciplines. Geography and geology have established a strong new bond known as landscape geochemistry, the study of distribution and migration of chemical elements under the influence of landscape determining factors (relief, climate, water, soil and vegetation cover, animal world, human activity). The rapprochement between geography and geology can be seen from yet another example: geomedicine. The term is becoming ever more popular and widely used to denote a combination of medical geography and medical geology, two increasingly overlapping disciplines. At many universities worldwide geology and geography are taught within a single department, which further bolsters the alliance between the two disciplines. The example of Jovan Cvijic (1865- 1927), an eminent Serbian scientist, perfectly shows how a combined geographical and geological approach to natural phenomena can produce results of lasting scientific value.
地理学和地质学是同一个词根衍生出来的术语。它们共享前缀geo,但这两个复合词的另一个元素——logos和graphein——引入了一个区别。由于科学家数量的不断增加和所有学科的进步,所有科学的方法都变成了跨学科,这种趋势在未来只会增长。地貌学究竟是地质学的一部分还是地理学的一部分,这是地球科学中由来已久的争论,为两者的相关性提供了另一个论据。几年前,这个问题甚至成为了互联网上广泛讨论的话题。对环境的关注把许多善意的人聚集在一起,也把许多科学和学科聚集在一起。地理学和地质学已经建立了一个强大的新纽带,即景观地球化学,研究在景观决定因素(地形、气候、水、土壤和植被覆盖、动物世界、人类活动)影响下化学元素的分布和迁移。地理学和地质学之间的友好关系可以从另一个例子中看出来:地质医学。这个术语变得越来越流行,被广泛用于表示医学地理学和医学地质学这两个日益重叠的学科的结合。在世界各地的许多大学里,地质学和地理学是在一个系内教授的,这进一步加强了这两个学科之间的联盟。塞尔维亚著名科学家Jovan Cvijic(1865- 1927)的例子完美地展示了如何将地理和地质方法结合起来研究自然现象,从而产生具有持久科学价值的结果。
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引用次数: 0
Kartografija Srbije u XX veku
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/IJGI0757407V
Mirčeta Vemić
On account of well-known historical facts, autonomous development of cartography in Serbia began not until last quarter of the 19th century. In the beginning of the next century, cartographic activity in Serbia have grown in the scope of Serbian cartography, and Yugoslav cartography afterwards, concerning several periods of existence of Yugoslav state. Each of periods reflected on total cartography situation and its progress, even though permanent continuity in the development of cartography existed. The continuity was permanent in production as well as in science, and provoked by constant and fast growth of needs for maps, and also by their raised role in economic, cultural and scientific life of the state and society. By its features, period before the uniting of Yugoslav countries in 1918, resembled more like cartography of the 19th century, while periods of the kingdom, between two world wars, and period of the republic, after the World War II, had more elements of planned, systematic and continual development. Period after the existence of SFRJ (1992) had its own cartographic specialness. Cartography in Serbia in 20th century had developed through numerous scientific, professional, technological, production, educational, archive, publication, and in every other way, in order to achieve European and world cartography development level. The most massive mappings are based on geodetic and topographic measurement, so they had engineer character, and cartographic base got in this way served also for various thematic mappings, first of all geologic, pedologic, geomorphologic, geomagnetic, etc. Important role in map production in Serbia also belongs to school geographical maps and satins, historical and geographical maps and satins. Series of single maps from the various domains had been produced, but yet, complex satin mapping left out, so that Serbia still doesn’t have national atlas. Cartography has been and still is taught, at faculties of geography, geodesy, geology, and at Military Academy as well.
由于众所周知的历史事实,塞尔维亚地图学的自主发展直到19世纪最后25年才开始。在下个世纪初,塞尔维亚的制图活动在塞尔维亚制图和后来南斯拉夫制图的范围内有所增长,涉及南斯拉夫国家存在的几个时期。尽管地图学的发展存在着永久的连续性,但每一个时期都反映了地图学的总体情况及其进步。这种连续性在生产和科学中都是永久的,这是由于对地图的需求不断快速增长,以及地图在国家和社会的经济、文化和科学生活中作用的提高而引起的。就其特点而言,南斯拉夫在1918年统一之前的时期更像19世纪的制图,而两次世界大战之间的王国时期和第二次世界大战之后的共和国时期则有更多的计划、系统和持续发展的因素。SFRJ存在后的一段时期(1992年)有自己的制图特殊性。20世纪的塞尔维亚地图学经过了众多科学、专业、技术、生产、教育、档案、出版等方面的发展,达到了欧洲乃至世界地图学的发展水平。大量的测绘以大地测量和地形测量为基础,因此具有工程性质,以这种方式获得的制图基础也为各种专题测绘服务,首先是地质、土壤、地貌、地磁等。在塞尔维亚地图制作中起重要作用的还包括学校地理地图和缎子、历史地理地图和缎子。塞尔维亚已经制作了一系列来自不同领域的单一地图,但复杂的缎面地图却被遗漏了,因此塞尔维亚仍然没有国家地图集。地图学在地理、大地测量学、地质学院系和军事学院一直都在教授,现在仍然在教授。
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引用次数: 3
Distribution of industry in Bosnia and Herzegovina 波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那的工业分布
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/IJGI0757357N
R. Nurković
Review of industry distribution in Bosnia and Herzegovina has been analyzed on the grounds of data on number of employees in industry and social product of industry achieved by settlements in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Three strong industrial regions have developed such as: Sarajevo, Zenica, Banja Luka, Mostar and Tuzla.
对波斯尼亚-黑塞哥维那工业分布的审查是根据有关工业雇员人数和波斯尼亚-黑塞哥维那境内住区所取得的工业社会产品的数据进行分析的。三个强大的工业区已经发展起来:萨拉热窝、泽尼察、巴尼亚卢卡、莫斯塔尔和图兹拉。
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引用次数: 2
Changes in population dynamics of Raška region Raška地区人口动态变化
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/IJGI1103081P
Ivana Penjisevic, M. Nikolić
The basic characteristics of natural increase and migration of the population are being analyzed in this research, with the aim to establish the level of demographic transition in the Raska region in the beginning of 21st century. In the period (1961 - 2002), changes of natural increase are reflecting in the decreasing of birth-rate and the increasing of rate of mortality. One of the most important aims of this research is to answer the question why those differences exist in the natural increase in the population among urban and rural settlements, as well as which are the directions of even regional development. In this research different methods are used (statistics, cartographic, analytics and synthetics), and results of it might have applicable value in the future planning of demographic and economic development of Raska region.
本研究分析了人口自然增长和迁移的基本特征,旨在确定21世纪初拉什卡地区的人口转型水平。在1961 - 2002年期间,自然增长的变化反映在出生率的下降和死亡率的上升。本研究最重要的目的之一是回答为什么城乡住区之间的人口自然增长存在这些差异,以及哪些是区域发展的方向。本研究采用了统计、制图、分析、综合等多种方法,研究结果对拉什卡地区未来的人口与经济发展规划具有一定的应用价值。
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引用次数: 1
Demographic problems in the Carpathian region of Serbia 塞尔维亚喀尔巴阡地区的人口问题
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/IJGI1102085L
Vesna Lukić
Eastern Serbia, including the Carpathian region, is an area that has been characterized by unfavorable demographic trends for decades. Low reproductive norms in terms of the cultural pattern of ‘one child’, applied from the middle of the 20th century and caused by economic reasons to preserve the estates and the mixed ethnic structure of the population, had the result that this area has had the lowest population growth in the country. The fact that the Carpathian Serbia has traditionally been emigration area is additionally contributed by the negative demographic processes such as depopulation, continuous increase in the average age of the population, more and more unfavorable ratio of young and old populations, reduction in the average population density and concentration of population in urban areas. For purposes of this study, values for the demographic indicators of the population of the Carpathian Serbia are calculated separately at the level of settlements, and in terms of its physical and geographic boundaries.
东塞尔维亚,包括喀尔巴阡地区,是一个几十年来人口趋势不利的地区。从20世纪中期开始实行的“独生子女”文化模式的低生育规范,是出于保护庄园和人口混合种族结构的经济原因造成的,其结果是该地区的人口增长率是全国最低的。喀尔巴阡塞尔维亚传统上是移民地区,这一事实也是由于消极的人口进程造成的,例如人口减少、人口平均年龄不断增加、年轻人和老年人的比例越来越不利、平均人口密度下降和人口集中在城市地区。为了本研究的目的,喀尔巴阡塞尔维亚人口的人口指数分别在住区一级和按其自然和地理边界计算。
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引用次数: 1
Gender in geography: An essential basis of analysis 地理学中的性别:一个重要的分析基础
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/IJGI0757039B
Elisabeth Buehler
Cultural values and norms about women, men, gender relations and about femininity and masculinity not only are fundamental in the construction processes of societies; they also shape the constitution and the use of spaces and places from individual to global level. The home, the company, neighbourhoods, public spaces, the labour market, the city, the nation state or the global market: all of these spaces are closely and inextricably characterized by specific activities of women and men, by specific gendered power relations and by specific symbolic meanings of gender. Geographic research should therefore acknowledge gender as an essential basis of analysis. In my statement I will present some recent results of geographic research on gender in Switzerland focusing on the spaces "home", "labour market" and "welfare state". I am convinced that geographic science with its traditional focus on specific socio-spatial contexts at different levels is capable to make substantial contributions to the rapidly developing and inherently interdisciplinary field of gender studies.
关于妇女、男子、两性关系以及关于女性和男性气质的文化价值和规范不仅是社会建设过程的基础;它们还塑造了从个人到全球层面的空间和场所的构成和使用。家庭、公司、社区、公共空间、劳动力市场、城市、民族国家或全球市场:所有这些空间都紧密地、不可分割地以男女的特定活动、特定的性别权力关系和性别的特定象征意义为特征。因此,地理研究应承认性别是分析的重要基础。在我的发言中,我将介绍瑞士关于性别的地理研究的一些最新成果,重点是“家庭”、“劳动力市场”和“福利国家”空间。我相信,地理科学传统上关注不同层次的特定社会空间背景,能够为迅速发展和内在跨学科的性别研究领域做出重大贡献。
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引用次数: 0
Endangerment of undeveloped areas of Serbia by forest fires 森林火灾危及塞尔维亚未开发地区
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/IJGI0902017R
M. Radovanović, Boško Milovanović, João Gomes
Considering the significance of discovering the causes of forest fires, the hypothesis on the solar activity is presented (i.e. physical-chemical characteristics of the solar wind) as the possible cause of these natural disasters. The empirical confirmation of the mentioned hypothesis was disabled by the non existence of an adequate data base on the (regional) distribution of the number of fires and burned areas on the level of Serbia. Therefore an emphasis is put on theoretical explanations, but also on the characteristic situations in which there is an agreement between the processes occurring on the Sun and fire phenomena in the area of Serbia and the Balkans. The formations of the corresponding data base would enable the systematic explanation of endangerment of undeveloped areas of Serbia, but also the confirmation of the solar wind-forest fires hypothesis. The directions of the future multidisciplinary research should be directed towards the models for better prevention.
考虑到发现森林火灾成因的重要意义,提出了太阳活动假设(即太阳风的物理化学特征)作为这些自然灾害的可能原因。由于没有关于塞尔维亚境内火灾和烧毁地区数目的(区域)分布的充分数据基础,上述假设无法得到经验证实。因此,重点放在理论解释上,但也放在塞尔维亚和巴尔干地区发生的太阳和火现象的过程之间存在一致的特征情况上。建立相应的数据基将能够系统地解释塞尔维亚未开发地区的危险,而且也可以证实太阳风森林火灾的假设。未来多学科研究的方向应朝着更好的预防模式发展。
{"title":"Endangerment of undeveloped areas of Serbia by forest fires","authors":"M. Radovanović, Boško Milovanović, João Gomes","doi":"10.2298/IJGI0902017R","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/IJGI0902017R","url":null,"abstract":"Considering the significance of discovering the causes of forest fires, the hypothesis on the solar activity is presented (i.e. physical-chemical characteristics of the solar wind) as the possible cause of these natural disasters. The empirical confirmation of the mentioned hypothesis was disabled by the non existence of an adequate data base on the (regional) distribution of the number of fires and burned areas on the level of Serbia. Therefore an emphasis is put on theoretical explanations, but also on the characteristic situations in which there is an agreement between the processes occurring on the Sun and fire phenomena in the area of Serbia and the Balkans. The formations of the corresponding data base would enable the systematic explanation of endangerment of undeveloped areas of Serbia, but also the confirmation of the solar wind-forest fires hypothesis. The directions of the future multidisciplinary research should be directed towards the models for better prevention.","PeriodicalId":166785,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Geographical Institute Jovan Cviji?, SASA","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114838971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
Landslides in Smederevo's region along right bank of the Danube river 多瑙河右岸斯梅代雷沃地区发生山体滑坡
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/IJGI0902001M
Ljupče Miljković, S. Miladinović, M. Stepanovic
Landslides are one of the forms of general denudation process. In geographic science this occurrence is also called: talus rock deposit, gliding, or land-slide (in Serbian language also known as 'urnis, lazina, bregolazina'). Land-slides in Serbia are widely expanded. The biggest presence they have in the south-eastern part of Pannonian plain, more precisely on the north slopes of Fruska gora and the part of the Danube basin between Belgrade and Smederevo. The biggest land-sliding complex in Serbia is next to the Danube, in the district of village Brestovik and it is called Rujiste. Land-slides in Smederevo's Danube basin are of recent character and the process itself is recurring because the Danube by eroding right river bank, disrupts repeatedly the stability of the hillslopes. In town district of Smederevo, active talus rock deposit endanger buildings, roads and other infrastructure, industrial and residential objects, orchards, vineyards.
滑坡是一般剥蚀过程的一种形式。在地理科学中,这种现象也被称为:talus岩沉积、滑动或滑坡(在塞尔维亚语中也被称为“urnis, lazina, bregolazina”)。塞尔维亚的山体滑坡范围广泛扩大。它们最大的分布在潘诺尼亚平原的东南部,更准确地说,在弗鲁斯卡戈拉的北坡和贝尔格莱德和斯梅代雷沃之间的多瑙河盆地的一部分。塞尔维亚最大的滑坡建筑群位于多瑙河旁的布列斯托维克村,被称为Rujiste。斯梅代雷沃多瑙河流域的山体滑坡是最近才发生的,而且这个过程本身是反复发生的,因为多瑙河通过侵蚀右岸,反复破坏了山坡的稳定性。在斯梅代雷沃镇,活跃的talus岩沉积物危及建筑物、道路和其他基础设施、工业和住宅对象、果园、葡萄园。
{"title":"Landslides in Smederevo's region along right bank of the Danube river","authors":"Ljupče Miljković, S. Miladinović, M. Stepanovic","doi":"10.2298/IJGI0902001M","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/IJGI0902001M","url":null,"abstract":"Landslides are one of the forms of general denudation process. In geographic science this occurrence is also called: talus rock deposit, gliding, or land-slide (in Serbian language also known as 'urnis, lazina, bregolazina'). Land-slides in Serbia are widely expanded. The biggest presence they have in the south-eastern part of Pannonian plain, more precisely on the north slopes of Fruska gora and the part of the Danube basin between Belgrade and Smederevo. The biggest land-sliding complex in Serbia is next to the Danube, in the district of village Brestovik and it is called Rujiste. Land-slides in Smederevo's Danube basin are of recent character and the process itself is recurring because the Danube by eroding right river bank, disrupts repeatedly the stability of the hillslopes. In town district of Smederevo, active talus rock deposit endanger buildings, roads and other infrastructure, industrial and residential objects, orchards, vineyards.","PeriodicalId":166785,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Geographical Institute Jovan Cviji?, SASA","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114716643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Problem granice između Srbije i Bosne i Hercegovine kod naselja Sastavci
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/IJGI0757325C
M. Cirkovic, Rajko Golić
On the state border between Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, between municipalities Priboj and Rudo, enclave Sastavci is located, with the area of approximately 400 ha. The enclave Sastavci is officially a part of the Bosnia and Herzegovina, but it is completely surrounded by Serbian territory. This Bosnian "island", at the territory of local community Sastavci, the village Međurecje, belongs to the Bosnian municipality Rudo, but it is under the administration of Serbian municipality Priboj. This border anomaly exists since Berlin's congress in 1878, when Austria-Hungarian got permission to occupy Bosnia and Herzegovina. This complicated shape of state border brings many problems to inhabitant’s enclave of Sastavci, and also to most villagers of municipality Priboj. They need to cross a state borders on their way to the center of municipality four times a day. The negotiation between Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina about this matter still haven't resulted with positive conclusion.
Sastavci飞地位于塞尔维亚和波斯尼亚-黑塞哥维那之间的国家边界,位于Priboj市和Rudo市之间,面积约400公顷。萨斯塔夫奇飞地正式成为波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那的一部分,但它完全被塞尔维亚领土包围。这个波斯尼亚“岛屿”位于当地社区Sastavci境内的村庄Međurecje,属于波斯尼亚自治市Rudo,但由塞尔维亚自治市Priboj管理。自1878年柏林会议以来,这种边界异常现象就一直存在,当时奥匈帝国获准占领波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那。这种复杂的国家边界形状给Sastavci的居民飞地带来了许多问题,也给Priboj市的大多数村民带来了许多问题。他们在前往市中心的路上每天需要穿越州界四次。塞尔维亚和波斯尼亚-黑塞哥维那关于这一问题的谈判仍未取得积极的结果。
{"title":"Problem granice između Srbije i Bosne i Hercegovine kod naselja Sastavci","authors":"M. Cirkovic, Rajko Golić","doi":"10.2298/IJGI0757325C","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/IJGI0757325C","url":null,"abstract":"On the state border between Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, between municipalities Priboj and Rudo, enclave Sastavci is located, with the area of approximately 400 ha. The enclave Sastavci is officially a part of the Bosnia and Herzegovina, but it is completely surrounded by Serbian territory. This Bosnian \"island\", at the territory of local community Sastavci, the village Međurecje, belongs to the Bosnian municipality Rudo, but it is under the administration of Serbian municipality Priboj. This border anomaly exists since Berlin's congress in 1878, when Austria-Hungarian got permission to occupy Bosnia and Herzegovina. This complicated shape of state border brings many problems to inhabitant’s enclave of Sastavci, and also to most villagers of municipality Priboj. They need to cross a state borders on their way to the center of municipality four times a day. The negotiation between Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina about this matter still haven't resulted with positive conclusion.","PeriodicalId":166785,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Geographical Institute Jovan Cviji?, SASA","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126115815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Water quality of the Đetinja river Đetinja河的水质
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/IJGI0959063M
D. Milijašević, Tamara Jojic-Glavonjic
Đetinja river waters are used for water supply of settlements and industries in the basin. The length of the river is 75.25 km. Water quality along the flow changes. Results of biological and chemical analysis indicate the degradation of river ecosystems through the city of Užice and downstream. The problem of pollution and protection of surface water must be analyzed in detail because this is one of the most valuable natural resources in area. The paper describes the state of water quality of Đetinja, register the largest polluters and suggest measures for its protection.
Đetinja河水用于为流域内的定居点和工业供水。这条河的长度是75.25公里。水质沿着水流变化。生物化学分析结果表明,通过Užice市及下游河流生态系统的退化。地表水是我国最宝贵的自然资源之一,必须对地表水的污染和保护问题进行详细的分析。介绍了Đetinja的水质状况,登记了污染最大的企业,并提出了保护措施。
{"title":"Water quality of the Đetinja river","authors":"D. Milijašević, Tamara Jojic-Glavonjic","doi":"10.2298/IJGI0959063M","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/IJGI0959063M","url":null,"abstract":"Đetinja river waters are used for water supply of settlements and industries in the basin. The length of the river is 75.25 km. Water quality along the flow changes. Results of biological and chemical analysis indicate the degradation of river ecosystems through the city of Užice and downstream. The problem of pollution and protection of surface water must be analyzed in detail because this is one of the most valuable natural resources in area. The paper describes the state of water quality of Đetinja, register the largest polluters and suggest measures for its protection.","PeriodicalId":166785,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Geographical Institute Jovan Cviji?, SASA","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123755267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
期刊
Journal of the Geographical Institute Jovan Cviji?, SASA
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