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Prostorna upoznavanja Niške Banje u 19. veku - prilog istorijsko-geografskom proučavanju turističkih naselja u Srbiji
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/IJGI0756113P
B. Popović
U dosada stecenim saznanjima o Niskoj Banji iz domena istorijske geografije ukazano je na određene domasaje u inostranoj literaturi. Naporedo su pomenuta istraživanja u Srbiji, ranije proređeno ostvarena sa razlicitih geografskih gledista. Na osnovu raspoloživih izvora, može se reci da su ovakvi rezultati u poslednjoj (1997-2006) deceniji i izostali. U radu su pretežno razmatrana geoprostorna obeležja Niske Banje tokom 19. veka. To je ucinjeno na temelju fragmentarno ispoljenih, literaturnih i drugih podataka do kojih se mogli doci. Zapaženo je da je Niska Banja delovanjem turskih vlasti revitalizovana u prvim decenijama 19. veka i kao "isceliteljsko mesto" bila znana najpre u lokalnoj sredini a potom i izvan nje. "Banja kod Nisa" je, uz ostale poteskoce "podjarmenog života", osetila i odražaje cak i jacih zemljotresa u dužem razdoblju (od cetrdesetih pa do kraja sezdesetih godina) proslog stoleca, u cijem je kracem delu bila samo unekoliko geoloski upoznata. Određene prostorne crte ove banjske naseobine su bile poznate i nesto pre oslobođenja od Turaka, buduci da su iste bile zapažene u inostranom kartografskom pregledu tadasnje Srbije. Iako je od tada donekle poprimila odlike mesta "za odmaranje", Niska Banja je i tokom poslednjih decenija 19. veka "opstajala" bez meritornog suda o lekovitom dejstvu njenih termomineralnih voda, sto nije bilo bez odraza na zvanicno uskracivanje terapeutske moci istih do prvih godina narednog stoleca, tj. 20-og veka.
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引用次数: 0
Actual problems of education system in the municipality of Gora upon arrival of KFOR 驻科部队抵达后戈拉市教育系统的实际问题
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/IJGI0251063D
Mesip Dalifi
How dangerous is the influence of KFOR on the education system in the Municipality of Gora can easily be understood if data on the network of schools and number of pupils are examined. Before KFOR arrived 6 complete primary schools with 11 separate classes, and 1 secondary economic-commercial school with an extended class of the high school from Prizren had been actively working. In the primary schools 2,345 pupils (Table 5) attended classes and in the secondary economic-commercial school 251 pupils. The teachers of whom 98% had been professionally trained were teaching subjects in Serbian. After KFOR came to Gora the situation in education completely changed. Teachers, parents and pupils were unprotected and bit by bit subjected to various pressures and threats with the aim to eliminate instruction in Serbian in order to introduce the so-called "bošnjački" (Bosniak) language on a pretext that it was the only possible choice for safe education of the children in Gora. To make the trouble worse some individuals in Gora, like in Kosovo and Metohija, acted in such a way that they should be responsible for the consequences before their own people. An excerpt from the Calender Rool Book for the 1999-2000 school years (of the so-called Temporary Government of the Republic of Kosovo) was sent to schools with the state and school holidays of the Republic of Serbia thrown out and with the changed names of schools. Busts of distinguished Serbian public figures were knocked down, new school principals loyal to KFOR were elected, all respectable and decent school employees were exposed to pressure while new workers were engaged without any criterion. Along that line the name of the Primary School "Nebojša Jerković" has been changed, the bust of Nebojša Jerković has been knocked down, Serbian and Montenegrin members of the staff have been expelled from their schools and the
如果考察有关学校网络和学生人数的数据,就可以很容易地了解驻科部队对戈拉市教育系统的影响有多危险。在驻科部队到达之前,6所完整的小学有11个独立的班级,1所经济-商业中学有普里兹伦高中的一个扩展班,这些学校一直在积极运作。小学有2 345名学生(表5)上课,中等经济-商业学校有251名学生。98%受过专业训练的教师用塞尔维亚语授课。驻科部队来到戈拉后,教育情况完全改变了。教师、家长和学生不受保护,一点一点地受到各种压力和威胁,目的是取消塞尔维亚语教学,以便采用所谓的“bošnjački”(波斯尼亚语)语言,借口是这是戈拉儿童安全教育的唯一可能选择。使问题更糟的是,戈拉的一些人,就像科索沃和梅托希亚的人一样,采取了这样一种行动,他们应该对自己人民面前的后果负责。在取消塞尔维亚共和国的国家和学校假期并更改学校名称的情况下,向学校发送了1999-2000学年(所谓的科索沃共和国临时政府)日历手册的节选。杰出的塞尔维亚公众人物的半身像被推倒,忠于驻科部队的新校长被选出,所有受人尊敬和体面的学校雇员都受到压力,而新工人则毫无标准地雇用。在这条道路上,小学的名字“Nebojša耶尔科维奇”被改了,Nebojša耶尔科维奇的半身像被推倒,塞尔维亚和黑山的工作人员被驱逐出学校
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of river regime and water balance in the Đetinja River Basin Đetinja流域河情与水平衡分析
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/IJGI1002015M
D. Milijašević, A. Milanović
Water regime and water balance of the Đetinja River were analysed in this paper on the basis of a thirty-year data series on water level and discharge in the period from 1978 to 2008. The analysis of the Đetinja water level showed the mean annual water level of 53 cm in the mentioned period, whereas the lowest mean monthly water levels were in August, and the maximum mean monthly water levels in March and April. The average mean annual discharge of the Đetinja near Sengolj was 5.60 m3/s of the observation period 1978-2008. The annual value of the average discharges was similar to the annual value of the mean monthly low and high waters. It has been concluded that the Đetinja River belongs to the moderate-continental variance of the pluvial-nival regime. The results of the research have shown that about 5.60 m3/s of water is formed in the Đetinja Basin with specific runoff of 10.95 l/s/km2. Even though precipitation is not so low and ranges around 875 mm per year, the amount of the river inflow is smaller due to high evaporation of over 60%. Considering that the Sengolj hydrological station has been situated at 8.2 km from the mouth, and the station Stapari stopped working in 2002, there is an opinion that it would be significant to put the hydrological station in the part of the river course, as well as on larger tributaries. .
本文利用Đetinja河1978 ~ 2008年30年的水位和流量资料,分析了该河的水情和水平衡。Đetinja水位分析显示,8月平均水位最低,3、4月平均水位最高,年平均水位为53 cm。1978—2008年观测期内,圣戈尔日附近Đetinja年平均流量为5.60 m3/s。年平均流量与月平均低潮和月平均高潮的年平均值基本一致。结论认为Đetinja河属于雨-湖相的中度大陆变异。研究结果表明,Đetinja流域形成水量约为5.60 m3/s,比径流量为10.95 l/s/km2。虽然降水量不低,年降水量在875毫米左右,但由于蒸发量高达60%以上,河流入水量较小。有分析认为,考虑到离河口8.2公里的森戈尔里水文站,以及2002年停止使用的斯塔帕里水文站,在河道和更大的支流上建立水文站是很有意义的。
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引用次数: 2
Basic geological and geomorphological characteristics of Ljig municipality for the needs of spatial planning 利吉市基本地质地貌特征为空间规划的需要
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/IJGI0655005M
M. Milivojević, Jelena Ćalić
Ljig municipality is situated in central Serbia, in the area of low hills at the southern rim of the Pannonian basin. The paper gives the overview of geological composition of municipal territory (through listed lithological elements, with lithological map), as well as the basic types of groundwater aquifers (intergranular, fissured and karstic). Geomorphological part of the paper offers the hypsometrical analysis (hilly areas at the altitudes from 200 to 500 m a.s.l. are dominant), as well as the relief exposures (northwestern, western and northern exposures are dominant), with the accompanying maps. Apart from that, there is a genetic overview of relief: it was formed by fluvial processes (dominant type), mass-movements, and karstic process. In the conclusion, the potential use of particular geomorphological units is described, with the practical suggestions. The dominant river valleys are in the function of transport infrastructure, while hills are favorable for fruit-growing. Landslides are the main limiting factor in the areas of contacts between valley slopes and alluvial plains. Gulling character of most river courses, as well as dangers from floods, are the limitations as well.
Ljig市位于塞尔维亚中部,位于潘诺尼亚盆地南缘的低山丘地区。本文通过列出的岩性要素,配以岩性图,概述了全市的地质组成,以及地下水含水层的基本类型(粒间层、裂隙层和岩溶层)。本文的地貌学部分提供了假设分析(海拔200至500米的丘陵地区占主导地位),以及地形暴露(西北、西部和北部暴露占主导地位),并附有相应的地图。除此之外,还有一个地形的遗传概况:它是由河流作用(优势类型)、山体运动和岩溶作用形成的。最后,对特定地貌单元的潜在利用进行了描述,并提出了切实可行的建议。优势河谷具有交通基础设施功能,丘陵有利于果树生长。在河谷坡面与冲积平原交界地区,滑坡是主要的限制因素。大多数河道的海鸥特征以及洪水的危险也是其局限性。
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引用次数: 1
Protected natural resources: Media representations of national parks 受保护的自然资源:国家公园的媒体表现
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/IJGI1103033S
Nataša Simeunović-Bajić
This paper attempts to set trends of reporting about national parks as exquisite units of national importance through the research of online editions of dominant media in Serbia. Since 2009 the entire set of “green laws“ was adopted, the great progress has been made in this area, and the research will refer to the next year of 2010 so it can be detected how much is the public informed by the means of communication about ambient, ecologic, aesthetic and recreational potentials of the national parks in Serbia.
本文试图通过对塞尔维亚主流媒体在线版本的研究,来确定关于国家公园作为国家重要单位的报道趋势。自2009年以来,通过了一整套“绿色法律”,在这一领域取得了巨大进展,研究将涉及到2010年,以便可以检测到公众通过传播方式了解塞尔维亚国家公园的环境,生态,美学和娱乐潜力的程度。
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引用次数: 4
Ruralno društvo i ruralna geografija u prošlosti i budućnosti
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/IJGI0757045T
M. Todorović
Through out history rural society has progressed from primitive village community to modern, developed rural society. Until the first half of XX century farmers were the largest and most important category in European society. Various geographical, climatic, economical, cultural, historical and other factors have made difference in rural societies in Europe and in Serbia it’s self. In the second half of XX century the role of rural society has significantly changed in social, political and economic system, which had big impact on development of villages and agriculture. In second part of this paper author considers relationships and changes of rural society with various ways of rural geography development. Rural geography rationally explains new premises of rural society with complete society processes and practical problems (reorganization of village communities, changes in their traditional agricultural structure, local community organizations and ethno culture) in the spot light of new rural paradigm - complementarily development. Therefore, the main interest of rural geographers is attractiveness of rural space. Second strong influence in rural geography development is creation of new technological methods, which enable more detailed and complexed geographical researches and has great applicative importance.
农村社会经历了从原始的乡村社会到现代发达的农村社会的发展历程。直到二十世纪上半叶,农民是欧洲社会中最大和最重要的群体。各种地理、气候、经济、文化、历史和其他因素造成了欧洲和塞尔维亚农村社会的差异。20世纪下半叶,农村社会在社会、政治和经济体制中的角色发生了重大变化,对农村和农业的发展产生了重大影响。第二部分探讨了乡村地理发展的各种途径与乡村社会的关系及变迁。乡村地理学在互补发展的新农村范式的聚光灯下,以完整的社会过程和现实问题(村社区的重组、传统农业结构的改变、地方社区组织和民族文化)理性地解释了乡村社会的新前提。因此,乡村地理学家的主要兴趣是乡村空间的吸引力。二是创新了新的技术方法,使地理研究更加细致和复杂,具有重要的应用价值。
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引用次数: 2
Relief of the Aranđelovac municipality area Aranđelovac直辖市的救济
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/IJGI0756005M
Ljubomir Menkovic, M. Koscal
Relief of the Aranđelovac municipality area was formed under the power of exogen and endogen forces. However, since the endogen shapes were largely reformed on the surface, the paper paid special attention to exogen - morphosculptural processes. Therefore, the relief types are defined according to processes that played the dominant role in exogen forming of the geological basis. Geomorphologic evolution of the relief has been tracked from the Middle Miocene until these days. The forming of shapes and the entire relief is explained by geomorphologic processes. The development and the intensity of the processes depended on geological built, climate neotectonic movements and other. In the course of the morphologic evolution of the relief, the geomorphologic process have, under the effect of climate changes and neotectonic movements, mutually exchanging and restoring multiply.
Aranđelovac市区地形是在内外外力共同作用下形成的。然而,由于内源形状主要在表面上进行了改造,因此本文特别关注了外源形态雕刻过程。因此,根据在地质基础的外源形成中起主导作用的过程来确定地形类型。从中新世中期到现在,人们一直在追踪该地形的地貌演变。地貌的形成和整个地貌的形成可以用地貌过程来解释。这一过程的发展和强度取决于地质构造、气候新构造运动等因素。在地貌演化过程中,在气候变化和新构造运动的作用下,地貌过程相互交换和恢复。
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引用次数: 0
Some demographical aspects of the newly nominated towns in Romania 罗马尼亚新提名城镇的一些人口方面
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/IJGI0757109M
Mária Berekméri, Surd Vasile
Present paper tries to present some demographical aspects of the newest towns declared in the post-socialist period in Romania. First we draw a sketch of the current demographic tendencies and structures, as basis for the evolution of settlements and new towns. In the second part of our paper we describe a few elements of the demographic profile of new towns declared in post-socialist period.
本文试图介绍罗马尼亚后社会主义时期宣布的最新城镇的一些人口方面。首先,我们对当前的人口趋势和结构进行了概述,作为住区和新市镇演变的基础。在本文的第二部分,我们描述了后社会主义时期宣布的新城镇的人口概况的几个要素。
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引用次数: 0
Mathematical-geographical analysis of the orientation of St John’s church of the Studenica monastery 斯图德尼察修道院圣约翰教堂方位的数学地理分析
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/IJGI1101001T
M. Tadić, Aleksandar Petrovic
Considering the fact that ecclesiastical rules do not precisely say that a church must be directed “to the East” or “to sunrise”, it should always be checked if there is a connection between the orientation of a church and geometry of the Sun. In this paper, such examination is performed on the example of the church of St. John (the 13th century), one of four churches of the Studenica monastery, in the following way: 1) using gnomon method, the azimuth of the main longitudinal axis of the church is measured; 2) the altitude above the horizon of the point in which the extended axis of the church touches the true horizon is determined by cartometry; 3) the most probable dates when the Sun rises at that point are determined: May 7th according to Gregorian calendar, or April 30th according to Julian calendar, in the 13th century. The applied method is described in details and it can be applied for the analysis of the orientation of any other medieval church. This method can determine the time when the church was founded, as well as the fact if the church is original, or possibly erected on the foundations of some older sacral object.
考虑到教会规则并没有精确地说教堂必须指向“东方”或“日出”这一事实,我们应该经常检查教堂的方位和太阳的几何形状之间是否存在联系。本文以斯图德尼察修道院四个教堂之一的圣约翰教堂(13世纪)为例,采用如下方法进行了检验:1)用晷仪法测量教堂主纵轴的方位角;2)教堂延伸轴与真实地平接触点的地平以上高度由测角法确定;3)太阳在这一点升起的最有可能的日期是:根据公历5月7日,或根据儒略历4月30日,在13世纪。本文对其应用方法进行了详细的描述,并对其他中世纪教会的定位分析具有一定的借鉴意义。这种方法可以确定教堂建立的时间,以及教堂是原始的,还是可能建立在一些更古老的圣物的基础上。
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引用次数: 3
Approach to undeveloped areas in regional development of Serbia 塞尔维亚区域发展中不发达地区的做法
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/IJGI0902149M
Radmila Miletić, M. Todorović
Issue of undeveloped areas and their typology more detailed presented in dependence on the dominant aspect of underdevelopment are analysed in this paper. As the resultant of mutually connected processes on industrialization-urbanisation-deagrarization-depopulation relations, the regional unevenness (regional polarisation) has more and more been strengthened by transitional flows since 2000. Besides traditionally undeveloped areas (hilly-mountain and border area), 'devastated areas' have also been differentiated or municipalities of 'traditional poverty', additionally emphasizing many layers of the regional structure of Serbia.
本文从欠发达的主导方面对欠发达地区的问题及其类型进行了较为详细的分析。作为工业化-城市化-土地退化-人口减少关系相互联系的结果,2000年以来的过渡流动日益加剧了区域不均衡(区域极化)。除了传统上不发达的地区(丘陵山区和边境地区)之外,“受灾地区”也被区分为“传统贫困”的城市,这进一步强调了塞尔维亚区域结构的许多层次。
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引用次数: 4
期刊
Journal of the Geographical Institute Jovan Cviji?, SASA
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