Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ICCCAS.2018.8768901
K. Sun, Y. Wan
In order to obtain high-quality image stitching results with parallax tolerance, some superb image stitching techniques have been proposed in recent years. One of the methods is to use the approximating thin-plate splines to register the image. However, in some cases with large parallax, it is easy to produce visible distortion at the edge of the overlapping region, making the result look unnatural. Based on the careful study of image stitching with TPS model, this paper proposes a weighted deformation scheme, which effectively reduces the distortion of the stitched image nearby the overlapping region and further improves the visual effect of image stitching. Experimental results show that the proposed method has achieved satisfactory results in several challenging cases.
{"title":"Image Stitching with Weighted Elastic Registration","authors":"K. Sun, Y. Wan","doi":"10.1109/ICCCAS.2018.8768901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCCAS.2018.8768901","url":null,"abstract":"In order to obtain high-quality image stitching results with parallax tolerance, some superb image stitching techniques have been proposed in recent years. One of the methods is to use the approximating thin-plate splines to register the image. However, in some cases with large parallax, it is easy to produce visible distortion at the edge of the overlapping region, making the result look unnatural. Based on the careful study of image stitching with TPS model, this paper proposes a weighted deformation scheme, which effectively reduces the distortion of the stitched image nearby the overlapping region and further improves the visual effect of image stitching. Experimental results show that the proposed method has achieved satisfactory results in several challenging cases.","PeriodicalId":166878,"journal":{"name":"2018 10th International Conference on Communications, Circuits and Systems (ICCCAS)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129112542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ICCCAS.2018.8769313
Hailin Wang, Weihua Cheng, Chao Xu, Mingming Zhang, Liangjun Hu
Radio frequency (RF) fingerprint identification of wireless communication equipment has developed rapidly. It is to extract the equipment's RF fingerprint from the equipment's communication signals, so as to realize the identification and authentication of the equipment. In this paper, we propose a novel method for identifying pseudo-Global Positioning System (GPS) signal based on RF fingerprint. In our proposed method, we apply the Doppler frequency shift as RF fingerprint, the pseudo GPS signal and the real GPS signal is identified by extracting the Doppler frequency shift from the signal. And the experimental results show that the Doppler frequency shift can be used as RF fingerprint to identify the pseudo GPS signal well.
{"title":"Method for Identifying Pseudo GPS Signal Based on Radio Frequency Fingerprint","authors":"Hailin Wang, Weihua Cheng, Chao Xu, Mingming Zhang, Liangjun Hu","doi":"10.1109/ICCCAS.2018.8769313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCCAS.2018.8769313","url":null,"abstract":"Radio frequency (RF) fingerprint identification of wireless communication equipment has developed rapidly. It is to extract the equipment's RF fingerprint from the equipment's communication signals, so as to realize the identification and authentication of the equipment. In this paper, we propose a novel method for identifying pseudo-Global Positioning System (GPS) signal based on RF fingerprint. In our proposed method, we apply the Doppler frequency shift as RF fingerprint, the pseudo GPS signal and the real GPS signal is identified by extracting the Doppler frequency shift from the signal. And the experimental results show that the Doppler frequency shift can be used as RF fingerprint to identify the pseudo GPS signal well.","PeriodicalId":166878,"journal":{"name":"2018 10th International Conference on Communications, Circuits and Systems (ICCCAS)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131730341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ICCCAS.2018.8769161
Fen Liu, Ming-jie Qiu, J. Cui, Xiao-long Qi
In order to realize the judgment of guessing and stroke games, a gesture recognition device based on TI sensor chip FDC2214 is designed and manufactured. The device has two modes of training and judgment. In the judgment mode, the experimental device can make judgments on the guessing game and the punch game for the designated personnel. The judgment of the game of guessing boxing is the judgment of gesture comparison of "stone", "scissors" and "cloth". The judgment of the game of rowing is the judgment of gesture comparison of "1", "2", "3", "4" and "5". In the training mode, it can train any person to play the guessing game and drawing game. After limited training, the guessing game and drawing game can be judged. The experimental results show that the gesture recognition device can not only make a quick and correct judgment on the game of guessing boxing and stroke, but also correctly judge the winner of the match.
{"title":"Design and Implementation of Gesture Recognition Device","authors":"Fen Liu, Ming-jie Qiu, J. Cui, Xiao-long Qi","doi":"10.1109/ICCCAS.2018.8769161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCCAS.2018.8769161","url":null,"abstract":"In order to realize the judgment of guessing and stroke games, a gesture recognition device based on TI sensor chip FDC2214 is designed and manufactured. The device has two modes of training and judgment. In the judgment mode, the experimental device can make judgments on the guessing game and the punch game for the designated personnel. The judgment of the game of guessing boxing is the judgment of gesture comparison of \"stone\", \"scissors\" and \"cloth\". The judgment of the game of rowing is the judgment of gesture comparison of \"1\", \"2\", \"3\", \"4\" and \"5\". In the training mode, it can train any person to play the guessing game and drawing game. After limited training, the guessing game and drawing game can be judged. The experimental results show that the gesture recognition device can not only make a quick and correct judgment on the game of guessing boxing and stroke, but also correctly judge the winner of the match.","PeriodicalId":166878,"journal":{"name":"2018 10th International Conference on Communications, Circuits and Systems (ICCCAS)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114063459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ICCCAS.2018.8769209
Yan Yan, Hongliang Xu, J. Jin
This paper proposes a two-stage Pipelined-SAR ADC for high-speed, high-resolution and low-power applications. The sub-ADCs adopt the lower plate sampling and upper plate sampling asynchronous SAR logic respectively. The inter-stage amplifier adopts ring amplifier. The self-biasing RAMP is based on a variable resistor, which decreases the settling time of ring amplifier while maintaining low power consumption and sufficient phase margin. In addition, the first stage sub-ADC uses two parallel routes to sample and transfer residue voltage alternately, which further enhance the sample rate. A prototype ADC is designed and simulated in TSMC40nm CMOS technology with a standard 1.1 V supply voltage. The SNDR and ENOB is 55.34 dB and 8.9bit respectively from the simulation results, with a Nyquist frequency input sampled at 200 MS/s, and figure of merit of 35.4fJ/conversion-step.
{"title":"A High-Speed Pipelined-SAR ADC with Resistor-based Self-biasing RAMP","authors":"Yan Yan, Hongliang Xu, J. Jin","doi":"10.1109/ICCCAS.2018.8769209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCCAS.2018.8769209","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a two-stage Pipelined-SAR ADC for high-speed, high-resolution and low-power applications. The sub-ADCs adopt the lower plate sampling and upper plate sampling asynchronous SAR logic respectively. The inter-stage amplifier adopts ring amplifier. The self-biasing RAMP is based on a variable resistor, which decreases the settling time of ring amplifier while maintaining low power consumption and sufficient phase margin. In addition, the first stage sub-ADC uses two parallel routes to sample and transfer residue voltage alternately, which further enhance the sample rate. A prototype ADC is designed and simulated in TSMC40nm CMOS technology with a standard 1.1 V supply voltage. The SNDR and ENOB is 55.34 dB and 8.9bit respectively from the simulation results, with a Nyquist frequency input sampled at 200 MS/s, and figure of merit of 35.4fJ/conversion-step.","PeriodicalId":166878,"journal":{"name":"2018 10th International Conference on Communications, Circuits and Systems (ICCCAS)","volume":"316 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121372679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ICCCAS.2018.8769330
Qian Yi
Aiming at the high requirement of real-time and accuracy in moving object detection, this paper designs a moving object detection system based on FPGA. First, the D5M camera is used to capture video images, and then the image is cached into SDRAM memory. The buffered image is detected by background subtraction method based on GMM, and then the processed image is sent to the image display module for display. Matlab, Xlinx ISE and Modelsim are used to complete the hardware design and Simulation of the algorithm. Experimental results show that the designed system can detect moving targets in real time with high accuracy.
{"title":"Design of Moving Object Detection System Based on FPGA","authors":"Qian Yi","doi":"10.1109/ICCCAS.2018.8769330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCCAS.2018.8769330","url":null,"abstract":"Aiming at the high requirement of real-time and accuracy in moving object detection, this paper designs a moving object detection system based on FPGA. First, the D5M camera is used to capture video images, and then the image is cached into SDRAM memory. The buffered image is detected by background subtraction method based on GMM, and then the processed image is sent to the image display module for display. Matlab, Xlinx ISE and Modelsim are used to complete the hardware design and Simulation of the algorithm. Experimental results show that the designed system can detect moving targets in real time with high accuracy.","PeriodicalId":166878,"journal":{"name":"2018 10th International Conference on Communications, Circuits and Systems (ICCCAS)","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116771409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ICCCAS.2018.8769296
Lifen Yuan, T. Guo, Yi-gang He, Zhen Cheng
The Markov model has good application prospect in wireless channel modeling. However, different forms of Markov model have different performance to the current scenario.Thus an optimal selection method for the best Markov model of the wireless channel is necessary. At first, different kinds of Markov model matrix should be prepared. Then calculate the similarities of the same matrix in two adjacent time periods. Compare them to select the best Markov model. The experiments show that the optimal Markov model matrix selected can ensure highest fitness to the current scenario and most sensitive to the environment disturbance. It has certain performance in wireless channel modeling and wireless channel environment abnormal detection.
{"title":"The Application of Markov Model Optimization Method in Wireless Channel Modeling","authors":"Lifen Yuan, T. Guo, Yi-gang He, Zhen Cheng","doi":"10.1109/ICCCAS.2018.8769296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCCAS.2018.8769296","url":null,"abstract":"The Markov model has good application prospect in wireless channel modeling. However, different forms of Markov model have different performance to the current scenario.Thus an optimal selection method for the best Markov model of the wireless channel is necessary. At first, different kinds of Markov model matrix should be prepared. Then calculate the similarities of the same matrix in two adjacent time periods. Compare them to select the best Markov model. The experiments show that the optimal Markov model matrix selected can ensure highest fitness to the current scenario and most sensitive to the environment disturbance. It has certain performance in wireless channel modeling and wireless channel environment abnormal detection.","PeriodicalId":166878,"journal":{"name":"2018 10th International Conference on Communications, Circuits and Systems (ICCCAS)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122782438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ICCCAS.2018.8768959
Yue Liu, Yuanxun Li, Hua Su, Zhihua Tao, Guoliang Yu, Sheng Li
Due to good chemical, electrical and mechanical properties, Low Temperature Co-Fired Ceramic (LTCC) and Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) has shown great potential in microelectronic applications. One of the most promising directions of LTCC technology development are integrating and packing sensors. In this paper, a wireless passive capacitive pressure sensor operating in the MHz range based on LTCC/PDMS materials with bonding technology are proposed, and the design and simulation of the sensor is demonstrated and discussed with the aid of Finite element methods (FEM). It consists of a circular spiral inductor and a capacitor of two electrodes separated by a PDMS media. Furthermore, a unique bonding process of LTCC/PDMS materials to avoid deformation of the capacitive embedded cavity during lamination or sintering is introduced. The FEM simulation result shows that this novel sensor has high sensitivity of 6.88 kHz/kPa and measured range of 0 to 800 kPa.
{"title":"A Capacitive Pressure Sensor Based on LTCC/PDMS Bonding Technology","authors":"Yue Liu, Yuanxun Li, Hua Su, Zhihua Tao, Guoliang Yu, Sheng Li","doi":"10.1109/ICCCAS.2018.8768959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCCAS.2018.8768959","url":null,"abstract":"Due to good chemical, electrical and mechanical properties, Low Temperature Co-Fired Ceramic (LTCC) and Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) has shown great potential in microelectronic applications. One of the most promising directions of LTCC technology development are integrating and packing sensors. In this paper, a wireless passive capacitive pressure sensor operating in the MHz range based on LTCC/PDMS materials with bonding technology are proposed, and the design and simulation of the sensor is demonstrated and discussed with the aid of Finite element methods (FEM). It consists of a circular spiral inductor and a capacitor of two electrodes separated by a PDMS media. Furthermore, a unique bonding process of LTCC/PDMS materials to avoid deformation of the capacitive embedded cavity during lamination or sintering is introduced. The FEM simulation result shows that this novel sensor has high sensitivity of 6.88 kHz/kPa and measured range of 0 to 800 kPa.","PeriodicalId":166878,"journal":{"name":"2018 10th International Conference on Communications, Circuits and Systems (ICCCAS)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131754612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ICCCAS.2018.8769214
Wei Xiang, Shao Zuohao, Fan Xueman
Today's simulation system architectures become more and more complex. Programming such kind of architectures requires deep knowledge and experence of the system designing, and is thus very time consuming and error prone. On the other hand, automated tool chains that target simulation system architectures are typically tailored to one specific architecture type and require a platform-specific programming model. According to the architecture of the equipment simulation system, a formal description method of architecture was given, and a method for calculating complexity based on reliability, economy, and security was proposed. Based on this method, it’s allowed the end user to develop simulation system architectures without specific knowledge of the target architectures. Examples proved that the method to calculate results reasonably responses the quality of architecture design.
{"title":"The Research of Simulation System Architectural Description and Assessment Methodology","authors":"Wei Xiang, Shao Zuohao, Fan Xueman","doi":"10.1109/ICCCAS.2018.8769214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCCAS.2018.8769214","url":null,"abstract":"Today's simulation system architectures become more and more complex. Programming such kind of architectures requires deep knowledge and experence of the system designing, and is thus very time consuming and error prone. On the other hand, automated tool chains that target simulation system architectures are typically tailored to one specific architecture type and require a platform-specific programming model. According to the architecture of the equipment simulation system, a formal description method of architecture was given, and a method for calculating complexity based on reliability, economy, and security was proposed. Based on this method, it’s allowed the end user to develop simulation system architectures without specific knowledge of the target architectures. Examples proved that the method to calculate results reasonably responses the quality of architecture design.","PeriodicalId":166878,"journal":{"name":"2018 10th International Conference on Communications, Circuits and Systems (ICCCAS)","volume":"387 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127310596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ICCCAS.2018.8769194
Jiangnan Mu, Fei Shen, Ming Chen, Kai Guo, Hongping Zhou, Zhongyi Guo
In this paper, we present a novel and a practical method to generate multi-mode orbital angular momentum (OAM). The OAM modes of l=1, 2, 3, 4 can be generated at 2.5GHz by using four helical antennas arranged like concentric circles which is called the helical antenna array (HAA). To prove the generation of the OAM waves further and evaluate the quality of OAM modes, the purity of each mode is calculated by the Fourier transform at 2.5GHz. As a result, the purity of four modes is all above 65%. The generation of OAM waves is very important for the application of OAM in the field of radio frequency. And the generation of multi-mode OAM waves also lays a foundation for the multiplexing of vortex waves.
{"title":"Generation of Multi-mode Vortex Electromagnetic Waves Based on Helical Antenna","authors":"Jiangnan Mu, Fei Shen, Ming Chen, Kai Guo, Hongping Zhou, Zhongyi Guo","doi":"10.1109/ICCCAS.2018.8769194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCCAS.2018.8769194","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present a novel and a practical method to generate multi-mode orbital angular momentum (OAM). The OAM modes of l=1, 2, 3, 4 can be generated at 2.5GHz by using four helical antennas arranged like concentric circles which is called the helical antenna array (HAA). To prove the generation of the OAM waves further and evaluate the quality of OAM modes, the purity of each mode is calculated by the Fourier transform at 2.5GHz. As a result, the purity of four modes is all above 65%. The generation of OAM waves is very important for the application of OAM in the field of radio frequency. And the generation of multi-mode OAM waves also lays a foundation for the multiplexing of vortex waves.","PeriodicalId":166878,"journal":{"name":"2018 10th International Conference on Communications, Circuits and Systems (ICCCAS)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127794064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ICCCAS.2018.8768913
Fangning Wei, Shun-wai Zhang, T. Hong
We investigate an energy harvesting based multi-source repeat-accumulate (RA) coded cooperative system. In particular, the relay is equipped with multiple antennas for information transmitting and energy harvesting. Firstly, the water-filling algorithm is adopted at the relay to allocate the harvested energy to multiple antennas. Secondly, the system employs RA coded and network coding. The outage probability and bit error rate (BER) of the system are analyzed. Simulation results show that the outage probability of the system adopting the water-filling algorithm outperforms that of the system adopting the optimal antenna selection algorithm or the equal power allocation algorithm. Furthermore, results also demonstrate that the performance of investigated system outperforms the corresponding point-to-point system under the same condition.
{"title":"Performance Analysis of Energy Harvesting Based Multi-source RA-coded Cooperative System","authors":"Fangning Wei, Shun-wai Zhang, T. Hong","doi":"10.1109/ICCCAS.2018.8768913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCCAS.2018.8768913","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate an energy harvesting based multi-source repeat-accumulate (RA) coded cooperative system. In particular, the relay is equipped with multiple antennas for information transmitting and energy harvesting. Firstly, the water-filling algorithm is adopted at the relay to allocate the harvested energy to multiple antennas. Secondly, the system employs RA coded and network coding. The outage probability and bit error rate (BER) of the system are analyzed. Simulation results show that the outage probability of the system adopting the water-filling algorithm outperforms that of the system adopting the optimal antenna selection algorithm or the equal power allocation algorithm. Furthermore, results also demonstrate that the performance of investigated system outperforms the corresponding point-to-point system under the same condition.","PeriodicalId":166878,"journal":{"name":"2018 10th International Conference on Communications, Circuits and Systems (ICCCAS)","volume":"127 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114645160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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