Pub Date : 2016-07-30DOI: 10.4172/2376-0419.C1.015
Sumi Sharma, S. Paliwal
{"title":"Synthesis, molecular docking and biological activity of novel C3 substituted 1, 4-benzodiazepine derivatives as CCKA receptor antagonist","authors":"Sumi Sharma, S. Paliwal","doi":"10.4172/2376-0419.C1.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2376-0419.C1.015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16700,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Care & Health Systems","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81522859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-07-30DOI: 10.4172/2376-0419.C1.014
S. Amer
{"title":"Quality by design approach for development of stability indicating method for determination of Cefditoren pivoxil","authors":"S. Amer","doi":"10.4172/2376-0419.C1.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2376-0419.C1.014","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16700,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Care & Health Systems","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73027593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-07-30DOI: 10.4172/2376-0419.C1.013
YoungGer Suh
{"title":"Development of novel antiangiogenic agents for the treatment of retinal neovascularization","authors":"YoungGer Suh","doi":"10.4172/2376-0419.C1.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2376-0419.C1.013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16700,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Care & Health Systems","volume":"154 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73146777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-07-29DOI: 10.4172/2376-0419.1000E143
Joshi Sd, Aminabhavi Tm
Synthetic organic chemists are the most imaginative scientists as they keep developing novel molecules that have immense applications in medicinal chemistry for curing many diseases. In bioengineering area, organic semiconductors have created a major breakthrough as biosensors, organic conducting polymers or even thermally stable polymers have applications in aerospace engineering etc. All these achievements are the attributes of their heterocyclic nature exhibiting a variety of properties.
{"title":"Pyrrole Analogs as Novel Organic Molecules to Combat Tuberculosis","authors":"Joshi Sd, Aminabhavi Tm","doi":"10.4172/2376-0419.1000E143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2376-0419.1000E143","url":null,"abstract":"Synthetic organic chemists are the most imaginative scientists as they keep developing novel molecules that have immense applications in medicinal chemistry for curing many diseases. In bioengineering area, organic semiconductors have created a major breakthrough as biosensors, organic conducting polymers or even thermally stable polymers have applications in aerospace engineering etc. All these achievements are the attributes of their heterocyclic nature exhibiting a variety of properties.","PeriodicalId":16700,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Care & Health Systems","volume":"21 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79976690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-07-25DOI: 10.4172/2376-0419.1000E142
Luisetto M
Since ancient times the necessity to cure disease or trauma lead human races to research efficacy remedy or surgical procedure. Surgery procedure need of drugs or medical devices and clinical pharmacist actively collaborate in this work. The term Surgery comes from Greek cheiron (hand) and ergon (opera), historical origin; starts since from 10,000 year BC. In the past, it was divided into two disciplines: Short dressed and long dressed surgeons, the first without deep medical university knowledge (cerusici) [10-14].
{"title":"Pharmaceutical Care in Surgery Field","authors":"Luisetto M","doi":"10.4172/2376-0419.1000E142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2376-0419.1000E142","url":null,"abstract":"Since ancient times the necessity to cure disease or trauma lead human races to research efficacy remedy or surgical procedure. Surgery procedure need of drugs or medical devices and clinical pharmacist actively collaborate in this work. The term Surgery comes from Greek cheiron (hand) and ergon (opera), historical origin; starts since from 10,000 year BC. In the past, it was divided into two disciplines: Short dressed and long dressed surgeons, the first without deep medical university knowledge (cerusici) [10-14].","PeriodicalId":16700,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Care & Health Systems","volume":"80 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77365828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-07-07DOI: 10.4172/2376-0419.C1.011
R. Hajek
A transformation of poorly water-soluble crystalline pharmaceuticals to the amorphous form is one of the most promising strategies to improve their oral bioavailability. Unfortunately, the amorphous drugs are usually thermodynamically unstable and quickly return to their crystalline form. A very promising way to enhance the physical stability of amorphous drugs is to prepare amorphous compositions of APIs with certain excipients which can be characterized by significantly different molecular weights, such as polymers, acetate saccharides and other APIs. We examine the effect of adding large molecular weight polymer polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K30) and the small molecular weight excipient octaacetylmaltose (acMAL) on the tendency to recrystallization of the amorphous celecoxib (CEL) in the amorphous solid dispersions: CEL-PVP and CEL-acMAL. We found that acMAL is a better inhibitor of recrystallization of amorphous CEL than PVP K30 deep in the glassy state (T Tg) than acMal. The latter conclusion can be related to the slower crystallization times in the case of CEL+PVP as well as a strong antiplasticization effect of the added polymer on the super cooled CEL. However, the significantly different antiplasticization effects of PVP and acMal on super cooled CEL is not reflected in their ability to the physical stabilization of the drug in the glassy state. In the glassy state, both PVP and acMAL molecules form hydrogen bonds with CEL molecules, but acMal much more effectively suppresses some local molecular motions of CEL responsible for the drug devitrification.
{"title":"The effect of Eucomis autumnalis osteogenic markers in vitro","authors":"R. Hajek","doi":"10.4172/2376-0419.C1.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2376-0419.C1.011","url":null,"abstract":"A transformation of poorly water-soluble crystalline pharmaceuticals to the amorphous form is one of the most promising strategies to improve their oral bioavailability. Unfortunately, the amorphous drugs are usually thermodynamically unstable and quickly return to their crystalline form. A very promising way to enhance the physical stability of amorphous drugs is to prepare amorphous compositions of APIs with certain excipients which can be characterized by significantly different molecular weights, such as polymers, acetate saccharides and other APIs. We examine the effect of adding large molecular weight polymer polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K30) and the small molecular weight excipient octaacetylmaltose (acMAL) on the tendency to recrystallization of the amorphous celecoxib (CEL) in the amorphous solid dispersions: CEL-PVP and CEL-acMAL. We found that acMAL is a better inhibitor of recrystallization of amorphous CEL than PVP K30 deep in the glassy state (T Tg) than acMal. The latter conclusion can be related to the slower crystallization times in the case of CEL+PVP as well as a strong antiplasticization effect of the added polymer on the super cooled CEL. However, the significantly different antiplasticization effects of PVP and acMal on super cooled CEL is not reflected in their ability to the physical stabilization of the drug in the glassy state. In the glassy state, both PVP and acMAL molecules form hydrogen bonds with CEL molecules, but acMal much more effectively suppresses some local molecular motions of CEL responsible for the drug devitrification.","PeriodicalId":16700,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Care & Health Systems","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87602423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-07-07DOI: 10.4172/2376-0419.C1.012
Tendani Edith Sebola N Niemann V Mavumengwana, D. Ndinteh
{"title":"Phytochemical analysis and antibacterial testing of Crinum macowanii bulbs","authors":"Tendani Edith Sebola N Niemann V Mavumengwana, D. Ndinteh","doi":"10.4172/2376-0419.C1.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2376-0419.C1.012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16700,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Care & Health Systems","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79188283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-30DOI: 10.4172/2376-0419.1000163
Fadi M. Alkhateeb, Gordon Ang, H. Ehrenfeld, K. Garcia, H. Hodges, Shanon White, Mathhew Untermeyer
Introduction: Pharmacy fellowships are post-doctoral training programs intended to prepare pharmacy graduates for careers in research or the pharmaceutical industry. There are currently 131 pharmacy fellowship programs in the United States, but standardization, interest among students, and overall research regarding these fellowships are ambiguous at best. This literature review was conducted to describe common facilitators, challenges, contents and outcomes of fellowships, and to evaluate the group of programs as a whole. Methods: To do this, articles were identified using PubMed and a Google search engine, and were reviewed in context with the study goals. The primary search term used was “pharmacy fellowship(s).” Results: Key findings included articles describing the current state of pharmacy fellowships, the need for standardization, and how to pursue a pharmacy fellowship. A total of twelve articles were selected due to their relevance to the scope of this article. Conclusion: The current state of fellowships, their subgroups, efforts to develop and organize the group of programs, and possible careers following training are discussed. Benefits and limitations of the current fellowship system are summarized based on the current and relevant literature. Furthermore, this literature review is intended to serve as an accumulation of the current data on pharmacy fellowships to guide students interested in applying for a fellowship program
{"title":"Pharmacy Fellowships: Challenges and Opportunities for Pharm D.Graduates","authors":"Fadi M. Alkhateeb, Gordon Ang, H. Ehrenfeld, K. Garcia, H. Hodges, Shanon White, Mathhew Untermeyer","doi":"10.4172/2376-0419.1000163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2376-0419.1000163","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Pharmacy fellowships are post-doctoral training programs intended to prepare pharmacy graduates for careers in research or the pharmaceutical industry. There are currently 131 pharmacy fellowship programs in the United States, but standardization, interest among students, and overall research regarding these fellowships are ambiguous at best. This literature review was conducted to describe common facilitators, challenges, contents and outcomes of fellowships, and to evaluate the group of programs as a whole. Methods: To do this, articles were identified using PubMed and a Google search engine, and were reviewed in context with the study goals. The primary search term used was “pharmacy fellowship(s).” Results: Key findings included articles describing the current state of pharmacy fellowships, the need for standardization, and how to pursue a pharmacy fellowship. A total of twelve articles were selected due to their relevance to the scope of this article. Conclusion: The current state of fellowships, their subgroups, efforts to develop and organize the group of programs, and possible careers following training are discussed. Benefits and limitations of the current fellowship system are summarized based on the current and relevant literature. Furthermore, this literature review is intended to serve as an accumulation of the current data on pharmacy fellowships to guide students interested in applying for a fellowship program","PeriodicalId":16700,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Care & Health Systems","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87076715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-24DOI: 10.4172/2376-0419.1000162
N. Ibrahim
The concept of individualized therapy is intended to deliver the right therapy to the right patient at the right time. Personalization of treatment aims to shift health care from population based or empirical approach to scientifically tailored approach. Pharmacogenenetics use the genetic information such as DNA sequence, gene expression and copy number to explain the inter-individual differences in drug metabolism (pharmacokinetics) and physiological drug response (pharmacodynamics), to predict the efficacy and toxicity of drugs and to identify responders and non responders to a specific drug. Success of the personalized medicine depends on the identification of predictive biomarkers and development of accurate and reliable diagnostics. Tamoxifen is estrogen receptor antagonist. It is the corner stone therapy for breast cancer either in the adjuvant or metastatic setting mainly in patients with female hormone receptors positivity. Response to tamoxifen is affected by the genetic variation of CYP2D6. This cytochrome is responsible for tamoxifen metabolism to its active metabolite endoxifen. There is still no recommendation on the clinical utility of CYP2D6 genotype as biomarker to predict the treatment clinical outcomes in breast cancer patients. The reported data suggest that polymorphisms in CYP2D6 and ER genotype might be useful in selecting women who would gain the highest benefit from tamoxifen and those who are susceptible to adverse effects. For the time being the optimal strategy for individualization of tamoxifen therapy is likely to be the therapeutic drug monitoring. Pharmacists have a distinct knowledge and background about medications and have the ability to develop and lead pharmacogenetic programs. they have a fundamental responsibility and accountability to advocate for the importance and rational for implementation of pharmacogenetic testing, to set recommendations to optimize medication therapy based on test results, to conduct and participate in research that accelerate the application of pharmacogenetics to clinical practice and to educate health care professionals and patients. Given the uncertainties in this field management decision should be individual and based on patient possible risk, alternatives, preferences and the best available evidence.
{"title":"Integrating Personalization of Treatment with Tamoxifen into Pharmacy Practice Via Clinical Pharmacist Role in Therapy Management","authors":"N. Ibrahim","doi":"10.4172/2376-0419.1000162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2376-0419.1000162","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of individualized therapy is intended to deliver the right therapy to the right patient at the right time. Personalization of treatment aims to shift health care from population based or empirical approach to scientifically tailored approach. Pharmacogenenetics use the genetic information such as DNA sequence, gene expression and copy number to explain the inter-individual differences in drug metabolism (pharmacokinetics) and physiological drug response (pharmacodynamics), to predict the efficacy and toxicity of drugs and to identify responders and non responders to a specific drug. Success of the personalized medicine depends on the identification of predictive biomarkers and development of accurate and reliable diagnostics. Tamoxifen is estrogen receptor antagonist. It is the corner stone therapy for breast cancer either in the adjuvant or metastatic setting mainly in patients with female hormone receptors positivity. Response to tamoxifen is affected by the genetic variation of CYP2D6. This cytochrome is responsible for tamoxifen metabolism to its active metabolite endoxifen. There is still no recommendation on the clinical utility of CYP2D6 genotype as biomarker to predict the treatment clinical outcomes in breast cancer patients. The reported data suggest that polymorphisms in CYP2D6 and ER genotype might be useful in selecting women who would gain the highest benefit from tamoxifen and those who are susceptible to adverse effects. For the time being the optimal strategy for individualization of tamoxifen therapy is likely to be the therapeutic drug monitoring. Pharmacists have a distinct knowledge and background about medications and have the ability to develop and lead pharmacogenetic programs. they have a fundamental responsibility and accountability to advocate for the importance and rational for implementation of pharmacogenetic testing, to set recommendations to optimize medication therapy based on test results, to conduct and participate in research that accelerate the application of pharmacogenetics to clinical practice and to educate health care professionals and patients. Given the uncertainties in this field management decision should be individual and based on patient possible risk, alternatives, preferences and the best available evidence.","PeriodicalId":16700,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Care & Health Systems","volume":"23 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78360137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-24DOI: 10.4172/2376-0419.1000164
P. Tiwari, Anuradha, S. D’Cruz, A. Sachdev
Background: ADRs are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Hospital-based monitoring is one of the methods to identify and assess the ADRs. The aim of this study is to monitor the incidence, causality, preventability and severity of ADRs occurring in the wards of a public teaching hospital. Method: A prospective-observational study was conducted in medical wards of a public teaching hospital to assess the Causality, level of severity and preventability of identified ADRs. All the relevant information was collected from patients’ record file in a standard case record form. To find out the incidence of ADRs between different gender and age groups, chi- square was applied. Results: 60 ADRs in 56 patients were detected in 520 patients admitted to the hospital. The most commonly occurring ADRs were constipation, hypokalemia and diarrhea. Most troublesome classes of drugs contributing to adverse drug reactions were antibiotics. All the ADRs were Type ‘A’ reaction (100%). According to Naranjo’s ADR probability scale, 13% ADRs were ‘possible’ and 87% ADRs were ‘probable’. Severity assessment, using Modified Hartwig criteria, showed that 53% ADRs were mild and 47% ADRs were moderate respectively. Preventability of ADRs was assessed using modified Shumock and Thornton method; and, it was found that all the 95% ADRs were not preventable. Conclusion: The results of this study concluded that adverse drug reactions were significant cause of increase burden on health care system, decrease quality of life, and increase hospitalizations. The results would help in the early detection and to ensure safer drug therapy.
{"title":"Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring in a North Indian Public Teaching Hospital","authors":"P. Tiwari, Anuradha, S. D’Cruz, A. Sachdev","doi":"10.4172/2376-0419.1000164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2376-0419.1000164","url":null,"abstract":"Background: ADRs are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Hospital-based monitoring is one of the methods to identify and assess the ADRs. The aim of this study is to monitor the incidence, causality, preventability and severity of ADRs occurring in the wards of a public teaching hospital. Method: A prospective-observational study was conducted in medical wards of a public teaching hospital to assess the Causality, level of severity and preventability of identified ADRs. All the relevant information was collected from patients’ record file in a standard case record form. To find out the incidence of ADRs between different gender and age groups, chi- square was applied. Results: 60 ADRs in 56 patients were detected in 520 patients admitted to the hospital. The most commonly occurring ADRs were constipation, hypokalemia and diarrhea. Most troublesome classes of drugs contributing to adverse drug reactions were antibiotics. All the ADRs were Type ‘A’ reaction (100%). According to Naranjo’s ADR probability scale, 13% ADRs were ‘possible’ and 87% ADRs were ‘probable’. Severity assessment, using Modified Hartwig criteria, showed that 53% ADRs were mild and 47% ADRs were moderate respectively. Preventability of ADRs was assessed using modified Shumock and Thornton method; and, it was found that all the 95% ADRs were not preventable. Conclusion: The results of this study concluded that adverse drug reactions were significant cause of increase burden on health care system, decrease quality of life, and increase hospitalizations. The results would help in the early detection and to ensure safer drug therapy.","PeriodicalId":16700,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Care & Health Systems","volume":"68 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90660162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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