Pub Date : 2017-03-31DOI: 10.4172/2376-0419.1000171
Besufikad Eb
Introduction: The study was conducted to evaluate therapeutic efficacy of Coartem® for the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in Wondogenet Woreda, Sidama Zone, Ethiopia. Since the spread of Plasmodium falciparum, parasite resistance to almost all antimalarial monotherapies is a serious impediment to malaria control. Artemether-lumefantrine (Coartem®) therapy has been in use as the first-line treatment for uncomplicated falciparum malaria since 2004 in Ethiopia. Methods: The study was designed according to WHO study protocol. The study outcomes were classified into Early Treatment Failure (ETF), Late Clinical Failure (LCF), Late Parasitological Failure (LPF) and Adequate Clinical and Parasitological Response (ACPR). Results: Primary study was conducted on ninety-nine P. falciparum mono-infected consenting patients who were enrolled in the 28-day in vivo Coartem® treatment followup study. Based on this, the overall cure rate for Coartem® was 98.9% (PCR uncorrected). The study also demonstrated 4.3% Plasmodium vivax and 2.2% P. falciparum/P. vivax co-infections at the end of followup period. Following Coartem® treatment, fever was cleared rapidly on days 1 and 2 and parasite clearance was high on days 1 and 3. Therefore, the study showed a high therapeutic efficacy of Coartem® for the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in Wondogenet Woreda. Conclusion: Coartem® had high efficacy for the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria. It also had high efficacy with respect to clearance of fever and elimination of gametocytes within short period of time. The tolerability of Coartem® was very good with persistence of only minor adverse effects. The 1.1% LPF detected by the study and the occurrence of P. vivax/P. falciparum co-infection at the end of 28 follow up days require PCR confirmation.
{"title":"Therapeutic Efficacy of Artemether-Lumefantrine (Coartemî) for theTreatment of Uncomplicated Falciparum Malaria in Wondogenet Woreda,Sidama Zone, Ethiopia","authors":"Besufikad Eb","doi":"10.4172/2376-0419.1000171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2376-0419.1000171","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The study was conducted to evaluate therapeutic efficacy of Coartem® for the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in Wondogenet Woreda, Sidama Zone, Ethiopia. Since the spread of Plasmodium falciparum, parasite resistance to almost all antimalarial monotherapies is a serious impediment to malaria control. Artemether-lumefantrine (Coartem®) therapy has been in use as the first-line treatment for uncomplicated falciparum malaria since 2004 in Ethiopia. Methods: The study was designed according to WHO study protocol. The study outcomes were classified into Early Treatment Failure (ETF), Late Clinical Failure (LCF), Late Parasitological Failure (LPF) and Adequate Clinical and Parasitological Response (ACPR). Results: Primary study was conducted on ninety-nine P. falciparum mono-infected consenting patients who were enrolled in the 28-day in vivo Coartem® treatment followup study. Based on this, the overall cure rate for Coartem® was 98.9% (PCR uncorrected). The study also demonstrated 4.3% Plasmodium vivax and 2.2% P. falciparum/P. vivax co-infections at the end of followup period. Following Coartem® treatment, fever was cleared rapidly on days 1 and 2 and parasite clearance was high on days 1 and 3. Therefore, the study showed a high therapeutic efficacy of Coartem® for the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in Wondogenet Woreda. Conclusion: Coartem® had high efficacy for the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria. It also had high efficacy with respect to clearance of fever and elimination of gametocytes within short period of time. The tolerability of Coartem® was very good with persistence of only minor adverse effects. The 1.1% LPF detected by the study and the occurrence of P. vivax/P. falciparum co-infection at the end of 28 follow up days require PCR confirmation.","PeriodicalId":16700,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Care & Health Systems","volume":"7 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86831116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-02-28DOI: 10.4172/2376-0419.1000170
Feyissa A
Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) increases the length of life, quality of life and productivity of people living with HIV/ AIDS. However, the effectiveness of ART relies on strict adherence to it though such data are lacking in the study area. The objective of this study is to assess non-adherence to antiretroviral treatment and associated factors among children living with HIV/AIDS in Fiche Hospitals, North Shewa, and Ethiopia. Institutional based crosssectional study design involving 120 participants (patients and their caregivers) was conducted from May to August, 2016. Data was collected using interviewer administered questionnaires. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 20.0 software packages. Descriptive data was generated and placed in terms of frequency and percentage. Chi-square test and binary logistic regression analysis were used to estimate association between variables. Findings were presented using tables, graphs and figures. In this study, the overall prevalence of non-adherence was 35.8%. Most frequently identified reason of missing their dose was forgetting (44.2%). Age of the child, educational level of caregivers, occupational status of the caregiver and World Health Organization disease stages of the child were significantly associated with non-adherence. Adherence level obtained in the study was lower than what is recommended by World Health Organization which is greater than 95%. Forgetfulness was most frequently mentioned barrier of adherence. Effective work need to be done to optimize adherence to antiretroviral therapy in order to make children fully benefit from their medication.
{"title":"Magnitude and Associated Factors of Non-Adherence to Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy among Children in Fiche Hospital, North Shewa, Ethiopia, 2016","authors":"Feyissa A","doi":"10.4172/2376-0419.1000170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2376-0419.1000170","url":null,"abstract":"Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) increases the length of life, quality of life and productivity of people living with HIV/ AIDS. However, the effectiveness of ART relies on strict adherence to it though such data are lacking in the study area. The objective of this study is to assess non-adherence to antiretroviral treatment and associated factors among children living with HIV/AIDS in Fiche Hospitals, North Shewa, and Ethiopia. Institutional based crosssectional study design involving 120 participants (patients and their caregivers) was conducted from May to August, 2016. Data was collected using interviewer administered questionnaires. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 20.0 software packages. Descriptive data was generated and placed in terms of frequency and percentage. Chi-square test and binary logistic regression analysis were used to estimate association between variables. Findings were presented using tables, graphs and figures. In this study, the overall prevalence of non-adherence was 35.8%. Most frequently identified reason of missing their dose was forgetting (44.2%). Age of the child, educational level of caregivers, occupational status of the caregiver and World Health Organization disease stages of the child were significantly associated with non-adherence. Adherence level obtained in the study was lower than what is recommended by World Health Organization which is greater than 95%. Forgetfulness was most frequently mentioned barrier of adherence. Effective work need to be done to optimize adherence to antiretroviral therapy in order to make children fully benefit from their medication.","PeriodicalId":16700,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Care & Health Systems","volume":"24 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90695645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-02-27DOI: 10.4172/2376-0419.1000168
Maharjan Pl, Magar Kt
Alcohol is the most commonly used and abused drug among youth. Also, early initiation of alcohol use (before 14 years of age) is a predictor of impaired health status. A cross-sectional descriptive study using a modified standard questionnaire was conducted among 250 youth of Suryabinayak Municipality, Bhaktapur. Data was objectively analyzed in SPSS full version 23. Overall, 56% of youth reported current drinking, with male (37.6%) outnumbering female (18.4%). 32.8% of youth were lifetime abstainers while 73.6% of current drinkers were found to drink in the past 30 days. The mean age of initiating drinking alcohol was found to be 17 years. 61.9% were introduced into the alcohol by their friends. Almost half of the respondents (44.7%) drink beer. Female usually drink jaad/chyang, beer and wine whereas male usually drink jaad/chyang, beer, distillery products and mix. Among those who drink in past 30 days, 49.5% reported binge drinking (male 47.6%, female 1.9%). Association of alcohol consumption was found to be highly significant with age group, gender, ethnicity, family history of alcohol use and friend‘s history (p ≤ 0.0001 at CI 95%). Effective intervention strategies addressing the underage drinking need a great focus from community level to center level to prevent underage alcohol consumption.
酒精是青少年最常使用和滥用的毒品。此外，早期开始饮酒(14岁之前)是健康状况受损的一个预测指标。采用改进的标准问卷，对巴克塔普尔Suryabinayak市的250名青年进行了横断面描述性研究。数据在SPSS full version 23中进行客观分析。总体而言，56%的青年报告目前饮酒，其中男性(37.6%)超过女性(18.4%)。32.8%的青少年终生戒酒，73.6%的青少年在过去30天内饮酒。开始饮酒的平均年龄为17岁。61.9%是由朋友介绍的。几乎一半的受访者(44.7%)喝啤酒。女性通常喝jaad/chyang、啤酒和葡萄酒，而男性通常喝jaad/chyang、啤酒、酿酒厂产品和混合酒。在过去30天内饮酒的人中，49.5%报告曾狂饮(男性47.6%，女性1.9%)。发现饮酒与年龄组、性别、种族、饮酒家族史和朋友的饮酒史高度相关(p≤0.0001,CI 95%)。针对未成年人饮酒的有效干预策略需要从社区层面到中心层面的高度重视，以防止未成年人饮酒。
{"title":"Prevalence of Alcohol Consumption and Factors Associated with the Alcohol Use among the Youth of Suryabinayak Municipality, Bhaktapur","authors":"Maharjan Pl, Magar Kt","doi":"10.4172/2376-0419.1000168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2376-0419.1000168","url":null,"abstract":"Alcohol is the most commonly used and abused drug among youth. Also, early initiation of alcohol use (before 14 years of age) is a predictor of impaired health status. A cross-sectional descriptive study using a modified standard questionnaire was conducted among 250 youth of Suryabinayak Municipality, Bhaktapur. Data was objectively analyzed in SPSS full version 23. Overall, 56% of youth reported current drinking, with male (37.6%) outnumbering female (18.4%). 32.8% of youth were lifetime abstainers while 73.6% of current drinkers were found to drink in the past 30 days. The mean age of initiating drinking alcohol was found to be 17 years. 61.9% were introduced into the alcohol by their friends. Almost half of the respondents (44.7%) drink beer. Female usually drink jaad/chyang, beer and wine whereas male usually drink jaad/chyang, beer, distillery products and mix. Among those who drink in past 30 days, 49.5% reported binge drinking (male 47.6%, female 1.9%). Association of alcohol consumption was found to be highly significant with age group, gender, ethnicity, family history of alcohol use and friend‘s history (p ≤ 0.0001 at CI 95%). Effective intervention strategies addressing the underage drinking need a great focus from community level to center level to prevent underage alcohol consumption.","PeriodicalId":16700,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Care & Health Systems","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87771824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-11DOI: 10.4172/2376-0419.1000169
K. Yukawa, H. Sato, H. Fujii
Background: Several countries have established registries of clinical trials for intractable diseases to disseminate information. These registries are compared to glean their best features and learn from their drawbacks in order to create a patient-centered portal site for the Japan Primary Registries Network (JPRN). Method: We reviewed information available through 17 registries. The contents and types of information available from these countries registries accessed via the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform were summarized and compared. The findings guided the redesign of the new JPRN portal site. Results: Nearly all registry websites provide basic features. The majority of registries were created with a focus on providing information of value to registered users (i.e., medical personnel and researchers) through “FAQs” and “Help” pages. The study identified the information needs and problems related to existing registries. The study restructured the common contents of the standard registry, improving the search function, website structure, and convenience, to create a new portal site. The new portal website for patients provides reliable information on drugs and diseases, whereas that for healthcare providers provides a detailed search of clinical trials. Conclusion: The new site of clinical trial information of JPRN is a patient-centered portal site widely supporting patient’s medical treatment living in order to provide information on “Commentary on diseases”, “Common medicine”, “Status of clinical trials overseas” and “Overseas medicine” for each disease in addition to “Search methods”, “Associated information on clinical trials”, and “About clinical trials”.
{"title":"Portal Sites for Clinical Trial Information: Comparison of 17 Registries and Creation of a Patient-Centered New Site for the Japan Primary Registries Network","authors":"K. Yukawa, H. Sato, H. Fujii","doi":"10.4172/2376-0419.1000169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2376-0419.1000169","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Several countries have established registries of clinical trials for intractable diseases to disseminate information. These registries are compared to glean their best features and learn from their drawbacks in order to create a patient-centered portal site for the Japan Primary Registries Network (JPRN). Method: We reviewed information available through 17 registries. The contents and types of information available from these countries registries accessed via the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform were summarized and compared. The findings guided the redesign of the new JPRN portal site. Results: Nearly all registry websites provide basic features. The majority of registries were created with a focus on providing information of value to registered users (i.e., medical personnel and researchers) through “FAQs” and “Help” pages. The study identified the information needs and problems related to existing registries. The study restructured the common contents of the standard registry, improving the search function, website structure, and convenience, to create a new portal site. The new portal website for patients provides reliable information on drugs and diseases, whereas that for healthcare providers provides a detailed search of clinical trials. Conclusion: The new site of clinical trial information of JPRN is a patient-centered portal site widely supporting patient’s medical treatment living in order to provide information on “Commentary on diseases”, “Common medicine”, “Status of clinical trials overseas” and “Overseas medicine” for each disease in addition to “Search methods”, “Associated information on clinical trials”, and “About clinical trials”.","PeriodicalId":16700,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Care & Health Systems","volume":"18 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72812525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2376-0419.1000e146
Rosanova Mt, R. Lede
Although we did not exclude studies according to the location and severity of infections, no studies on invasive infections treated with TMP-SMX that met high grade of evidence was found. All the studies included were focused on skin and soft-tissue infections, which are the most common CA-MRSA-related infections. In other infections the role of TMP-SMX is not clearly defined. Its use in the treatment of invasive infections has been discouraged because of a concern for therapeutic failures.
{"title":"Is Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) An Alternative in the Management of Infections by Community-Acquired Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Children?","authors":"Rosanova Mt, R. Lede","doi":"10.4172/2376-0419.1000e146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2376-0419.1000e146","url":null,"abstract":"Although we did not exclude studies according to the location and severity of infections, no studies on invasive infections treated with TMP-SMX that met high grade of evidence was found. All the studies included were focused on skin and soft-tissue infections, which are the most common CA-MRSA-related infections. In other infections the role of TMP-SMX is not clearly defined. Its use in the treatment of invasive infections has been discouraged because of a concern for therapeutic failures.","PeriodicalId":16700,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Care & Health Systems","volume":"45 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88490199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2376-0419.1000187
A. Chapman, T. Buckley
Escalating prices for prescription drugs have contributed to the rise in health care costs in the United States and made many medicines increasingly unaffordable. This situation is particularly problematic for essential but very expensive drugs needed by large numbers of people. This article focuses on one of these, the unsustainable cost of hepatitis C medications. Hepatitis C is estimated to affect some 3 million, mostly poor, Americans and more than 185 million people globally. Chronic hepatitis C infection can progress to liver cirrhosis, cancer, and liver failure. Several recently developed direct-action antiviral medications offer highly effective treatment with few adverse effects, but their use is limited by their very high cost. List prices in the United States for the most used hepatitis C drugs are upwards of $84,000 per patient for the standard 12 week treatment course. This article discusses factors accounting for the high cost of these drugs and the public health implications of the resulting restrictions in access. It then considers potential policy mechanisms to reduce the cost showing that the major limitation has not been the absence of policy levers to lower the cost but the reluctance of the federal government to utilize them. The article concludes by identifying the factors deterring the government from doing so.
{"title":"Lowering the High Cost of Hepatitis C Drugs","authors":"A. Chapman, T. Buckley","doi":"10.4172/2376-0419.1000187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2376-0419.1000187","url":null,"abstract":"Escalating prices for prescription drugs have contributed to the rise in health care costs in the United States and made many medicines increasingly unaffordable. This situation is particularly problematic for essential but very expensive drugs needed by large numbers of people. This article focuses on one of these, the unsustainable cost of hepatitis C medications. Hepatitis C is estimated to affect some 3 million, mostly poor, Americans and more than 185 million people globally. Chronic hepatitis C infection can progress to liver cirrhosis, cancer, and liver failure. Several recently developed direct-action antiviral medications offer highly effective treatment with few adverse effects, but their use is limited by their very high cost. List prices in the United States for the most used hepatitis C drugs are upwards of $84,000 per patient for the standard 12 week treatment course. This article discusses factors accounting for the high cost of these drugs and the public health implications of the resulting restrictions in access. It then considers potential policy mechanisms to reduce the cost showing that the major limitation has not been the absence of policy levers to lower the cost but the reluctance of the federal government to utilize them. The article concludes by identifying the factors deterring the government from doing so.","PeriodicalId":16700,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Care & Health Systems","volume":"48 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90709262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2376-0419.1000181
N. Waris, R. Kausar, Farrukh Rehmana, A. Raza
Aim: To determine the effect of doxorubicin on locomotion, stimulation, depression and catechol amines (dopamine and 5HT). Methods: Experimental drug doxorubicin was used as an anticancer drug. It was dissolved in saline and injected intraperitoneally to test group of rats. It was observed very little has been reported on the behavioural effects. Three behavioural studies were observed, which include open field activity specific for locomotion, light and dark activity specific for depression, and home cage activity specific for stimulation after one week, two weeks, three weeks and four weeks of doxorubicin treatments. To determine the concentration of dopamine and 5HT in brain, rats were decapitated gradually and analysed by HPLC-EC detector, results were observed very carefully. Results: Locomotors activity and stimulatory activity were decreased when the concentration of doxorubicin increased gradually and depression was markedly appeared. The mean value of dopamine and 5HT were decreased markedly in TG group of rats as compared to CG group of rats. Conclusion: Doxorubicin has negative effect on locomotion and stimulation, but produces the positive effect on depression. These activities were depending upon the concentrations of catecholamine’s (dopamine and 5HT). It was also observed that dopamine and 5HT were also significantly decreased.
{"title":"Effect of Doxorubicin on Locomotion Stimulation, Depression andCatechol Amines (Dopamine and 5HT)","authors":"N. Waris, R. Kausar, Farrukh Rehmana, A. Raza","doi":"10.4172/2376-0419.1000181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2376-0419.1000181","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To determine the effect of doxorubicin on locomotion, stimulation, depression and catechol amines (dopamine and 5HT). Methods: Experimental drug doxorubicin was used as an anticancer drug. It was dissolved in saline and injected intraperitoneally to test group of rats. It was observed very little has been reported on the behavioural effects. Three behavioural studies were observed, which include open field activity specific for locomotion, light and dark activity specific for depression, and home cage activity specific for stimulation after one week, two weeks, three weeks and four weeks of doxorubicin treatments. To determine the concentration of dopamine and 5HT in brain, rats were decapitated gradually and analysed by HPLC-EC detector, results were observed very carefully. Results: Locomotors activity and stimulatory activity were decreased when the concentration of doxorubicin increased gradually and depression was markedly appeared. The mean value of dopamine and 5HT were decreased markedly in TG group of rats as compared to CG group of rats. Conclusion: Doxorubicin has negative effect on locomotion and stimulation, but produces the positive effect on depression. These activities were depending upon the concentrations of catecholamine’s (dopamine and 5HT). It was also observed that dopamine and 5HT were also significantly decreased.","PeriodicalId":16700,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Care & Health Systems","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82063805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2376-0419.1000188
Eldridge Rm, Wesam W Ismail, S. Aburuz, R. Bustami, A. Ma, N. Khalidi
Background: Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experience (APPE) rotations during the fourth professional year are mandatory for PharmD students for graduation. This paper aims to describe the development and evaluation of evidence based practice (EBP) as an unconventional APPE rotation during the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) epidemic and temporary hospital shutdown. Procedure: Eight fourth professional year pharmacy students were enrolled in EBP rotation for four weeks. Students received a midpoint evaluation to improve their performance as well as a final evaluation at the end of the rotation. In addition, a comprehensive survey was administered to all students before and after EBP rotation. The survey consisted of 17 items to assess students’ perception about their skills and knowledge in EBP rotation activities as well as overall knowledge. Findings: There was a strong evidence that EBP rotation substantially improved (p<0.001) students’ perception of their level of knowledge/skills about several pharmacy practice related skills and activities. Conclusion: Although development of EBP rotation was under unforeseen circumstances, this study proposes that implementation of an EBP rotation into APPE clerkships may result in favorable outcomes.
{"title":"Evaluation of an Evidence Based Practice Rotation for Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experience in Response to MERS-Cov Epidemic as a Result of Temporary Hospital Closure","authors":"Eldridge Rm, Wesam W Ismail, S. Aburuz, R. Bustami, A. Ma, N. Khalidi","doi":"10.4172/2376-0419.1000188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2376-0419.1000188","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experience (APPE) rotations during the fourth professional year are mandatory for PharmD students for graduation. This paper aims to describe the development and evaluation of evidence based practice (EBP) as an unconventional APPE rotation during the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) epidemic and temporary hospital shutdown. Procedure: Eight fourth professional year pharmacy students were enrolled in EBP rotation for four weeks. Students received a midpoint evaluation to improve their performance as well as a final evaluation at the end of the rotation. In addition, a comprehensive survey was administered to all students before and after EBP rotation. The survey consisted of 17 items to assess students’ perception about their skills and knowledge in EBP rotation activities as well as overall knowledge. Findings: There was a strong evidence that EBP rotation substantially improved (p<0.001) students’ perception of their level of knowledge/skills about several pharmacy practice related skills and activities. Conclusion: Although development of EBP rotation was under unforeseen circumstances, this study proposes that implementation of an EBP rotation into APPE clerkships may result in favorable outcomes.","PeriodicalId":16700,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Care & Health Systems","volume":"10 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91088174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-08-12DOI: 10.4172/2376-0419.1000166
Gomes Ap, Alves Dls, M. Psb, Victor Hiroshi Bastos Inoue, Correia Lopes Tc, Luiz Alberto Santana, M. Geller, R. Siqueira-Batista
The pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of sepsis remain major challenges for contemporary clinical practice. In this sense, efforts to broaden the knowledge about the mechanisms involved in systemic inflammation and to identify new methods for detecting sepsis in the early stages and the stratification of patients are extremely important. The purpose of this paper is to review the role of the anti-inflammatory cytokines in sepsis and present perspectives on the in silico investigation of the role of these mediators in this nosological entity, using the computational system AutoSimmune.
{"title":"Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines in Sepsis: Immunological Studies and In Silico Investigation","authors":"Gomes Ap, Alves Dls, M. Psb, Victor Hiroshi Bastos Inoue, Correia Lopes Tc, Luiz Alberto Santana, M. Geller, R. Siqueira-Batista","doi":"10.4172/2376-0419.1000166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2376-0419.1000166","url":null,"abstract":"The pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of sepsis remain major challenges for contemporary clinical practice. In this sense, efforts to broaden the knowledge about the mechanisms involved in systemic inflammation and to identify new methods for detecting sepsis in the early stages and the stratification of patients are extremely important. The purpose of this paper is to review the role of the anti-inflammatory cytokines in sepsis and present perspectives on the in silico investigation of the role of these mediators in this nosological entity, using the computational system AutoSimmune.","PeriodicalId":16700,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Care & Health Systems","volume":"7 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72775668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-08-05DOI: 10.4172/2376-0419.1000165
Djadji Atl, K. Bat, Kassi Nac, C. Guéhi, C. Bekegran, Eholie Sp
Introduction: The rapid increase in access to antiretroviral therapy in developing countries has brought with it new challenges. The management of risk by the clinical pharmacist may improve HIV patient’s health in poor resources setting. We assessed risk criteria for drug-drugs interactions to inform clinicians. Methods: This transversal work included patients at the beginning of ART treatment. From January to August 2015, HIV seropositive attending for care at Infectious and Tropical diseases Unit of Treichville teaching Hospital at Abidjan. The guidelines for entry into the antiretroviral program has been used. All the coprescribed drugs were screened for potential for Drugs-Drugs significate interactions using the Liverpool HIV Pharmacology Group website (www.hiv-druginteractions.org). Also many others books and website have been used to analyse drugs interactions. Finally, the French Clinical pharmacy guideline allowed to stratify the pharmaceutical interventions. Results: Of 562 patients screened, 228 patients were included in the final analysis, comprising 91(39.91%) male and 137(60.9%) females; aged between 35-48 years (median 41 years), unmarried 160(63.18%), 218(95.61%) HIV1, 117(51.75%) with TB, renal failure 21(9.27%), First line of antiretroviral therapy 198 (86.84%) and 27(11.6%) patients were on second line treatment, Stage C (62.39%), mean Body mass index at baseline of 17.5.1 kg/m2 (range 35-48 kg). Baseline CD4 counts were 200 (IQR 25-75%) (Range 131.5-278) cells/mm3.The use of 1st line regimens were as follows: TDF/3TC/EFV in 141 patients (61.34%). Antiretroviral were prescribed at standard doses, regardless of whether a CR was present or not. Physiopathology stage was identified in 83 patients (36.41%) and potential drugs-drugs interactions with antiretroviral were identified in in 145 patients (63.59%) involving anti infectives for systemic use and anti-parasitic products 131(79.88%), 18(10.98%) traditional plants. The potentials interactions 120(52.63%), contraindicated 25(10.96%) and Biological monitoring 130(57.02%) followed by Substitution/Exchange 47(20.61%) were found. Conclusion: The role of pharmacist to manage patient’s health is very important to decrease the mortality or morbidity linked to HIV.
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