Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2376-0419.1000196
K. Uh, Birlirakis, Vrachlioti-Botti Ma, I. Gobiņa
To ensure the optimal potency of time and temperature sensitive pharmaceutical products (TTSPPs), careful attention is needed in handling practices at the country level. These include storage and transport of TTSPPs from the manufacturers through wholesalers down to the end-users at the service centres (pharmacies and health centres). The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that all vaccines should be stored at between +2oC and +8oC at all immunization points in the periphery (health centres, health houses, hospitals, clinics, and pharmacies). Liquid formulations of vaccines with aluminium adjuvant containing diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, hepatitis B, Haemophilus influenzae type b, IPV and their combinations should not be frozen [1-3]. TTSPPs also require cold storage, similar to vaccines, they are stored refrigerated at +2oC and +8oC unless stated otherwise by the manufacturer.
{"title":"Improving Temperature Monitoring at the Last Mile in Pharmacies in Magnisia and Sporades Regional Units in Greece","authors":"K. Uh, Birlirakis, Vrachlioti-Botti Ma, I. Gobiņa","doi":"10.4172/2376-0419.1000196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2376-0419.1000196","url":null,"abstract":"To ensure the optimal potency of time and temperature sensitive pharmaceutical products (TTSPPs), careful attention is needed in handling practices at the country level. These include storage and transport of TTSPPs from the manufacturers through wholesalers down to the end-users at the service centres (pharmacies and health centres). The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that all vaccines should be stored at between +2oC and +8oC at all immunization points in the periphery (health centres, health houses, hospitals, clinics, and pharmacies). Liquid formulations of vaccines with aluminium adjuvant containing diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, hepatitis B, Haemophilus influenzae type b, IPV and their combinations should not be frozen [1-3]. TTSPPs also require cold storage, similar to vaccines, they are stored refrigerated at +2oC and +8oC unless stated otherwise by the manufacturer.","PeriodicalId":16700,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Care & Health Systems","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72659342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A 47 year old complains that he has muscle cramps and Charley horses on his calves, which he has had for 6 weeks. He believed that his muscle cramp was due to low potassium. Upon further investigation, he reported that his cardiologist had started a statin around the same time as the start of his symptoms. The clinical symptoms and the onset of the symptoms are consistent with statin-induced myositis. A junior family physician requested a battery of laboratory works, which included serum potassium, calcium, phosphate, creatinine kinase and liver functions test. Regardless of the laboratory result, in the absence of other causes in the history, the statin is the most likely culprit and should be discontinued. In the presence of normal creatinine kinase, the statin still would require a trial of discontinuation. Although the result might be confirmatory and interesting, the test has contributed nothing to the decision.
{"title":"Are we Still Treating the Numbers","authors":"H. L. Banh, A. Cave","doi":"10.4172/JPCHS.1000E106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/JPCHS.1000E106","url":null,"abstract":"A 47 year old complains that he has muscle cramps and Charley horses on his calves, which he has had for 6 weeks. He believed that his muscle cramp was due to low potassium. Upon further investigation, he reported that his cardiologist had started a statin around the same time as the start of his symptoms. The clinical symptoms and the onset of the symptoms are consistent with statin-induced myositis. A junior family physician requested a battery of laboratory works, which included serum potassium, calcium, phosphate, creatinine kinase and liver functions test. Regardless of the laboratory result, in the absence of other causes in the history, the statin is the most likely culprit and should be discontinued. In the presence of normal creatinine kinase, the statin still would require a trial of discontinuation. Although the result might be confirmatory and interesting, the test has contributed nothing to the decision.","PeriodicalId":16700,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Care & Health Systems","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74230925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Improving and Assessing Writing Skills and Practices of PharmacyStudents","authors":"StudentsI Sharif, Rana M Ibrahim","doi":"10.4172/JPCHS.1000E105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/JPCHS.1000E105","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16700,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Care & Health Systems","volume":"26 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84546674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-01DOI: 10.4172/2376-0419.1000167
M. SerlemitsosDay, K. Ellington, A. Akalu, K. Uweh
Protein binding significantly influences pharmacokinetic properties of drug distribution. Albumin accounts for approximately 60% of the total plasma protein by mass, thereby making it the major protein in the body. Hypoalbuminemia, a type of hypoproteinemia, is a condition of abnormally low blood albumin levels. Hypoaluminemia causes pharmacokinetic issues in regards to dosing a patient's medication. The purpose of this paper is to review the role of the coadministration of albumin in hypoalbuminemic patients to optimize pharmacotherapy.
{"title":"Should Medications be Coadministered with Albumin in Hypoalbuminemic Patients","authors":"M. SerlemitsosDay, K. Ellington, A. Akalu, K. Uweh","doi":"10.4172/2376-0419.1000167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2376-0419.1000167","url":null,"abstract":"Protein binding significantly influences pharmacokinetic properties of drug distribution. Albumin accounts for approximately 60% of the total plasma protein by mass, thereby making it the major protein in the body. Hypoalbuminemia, a type of hypoproteinemia, is a condition of abnormally low blood albumin levels. Hypoaluminemia causes pharmacokinetic issues in regards to dosing a patient's medication. The purpose of this paper is to review the role of the coadministration of albumin in hypoalbuminemic patients to optimize pharmacotherapy.","PeriodicalId":16700,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Care & Health Systems","volume":"18 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74592853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-27DOI: 10.4172/2376-0419.1000186
R. Heeb, G. Greif-Higer, J. Lutz, T. Zimmermann, Patrick Harloff, T. Mettang, M. Berres, I. Krämer
Introduction: Medication adherence was only studied in a limited number of potential organ recipients. So far medication adherence was not evaluated by utilizing electronic monitoring systems in dialysis and liver cirrhosis patients. The main objective of the present study was to measure the medication adherence of patients suffering from end stage kidney or liver disease by an objectified method. Methods: Adult liver cirrhosis patients taking propranolol and dialysis patients taking phosphate binders, each medication 3 times daily, were eligible to be enrolled in the study protocol. Medication adherence was measured electronically with MEMS™-containers over a period of 6 months in each patient. Results: 34 patients suffering from liver cirrhosis and 36 dialysis patients participated in the study and were analysed per protocol. The Dosing Adherence (DA) rate differed significantly (p<0.023) between the two patient groups (mean DA rate of liver cirrhosis patients vs. dialysis patients: 61% vs. 43%). Conclusion: Low medication adherence rates observed in liver cirrhosis patients and dialysis patients ask for better patient education. Pharmaceutical care programs enhancing adherence should be implemented in both patient groups before transplantation and continued after transplantation.
药物依从性仅在有限数量的潜在器官受体中进行了研究。到目前为止，还没有利用电子监测系统对透析和肝硬化患者的药物依从性进行评估。本研究的主要目的是通过一种客观的方法来测量终末期肾脏或肝脏疾病患者的药物依从性。方法:成人肝硬化患者服用心得安，透析患者服用磷酸结合剂，每日3次，纳入研究方案。在6个月的时间里，使用MEMS™容器对每位患者的药物依从性进行电子测量。结果:34例肝硬化患者和36例透析患者参与了研究，并按方案进行了分析。两组患者的给药依从性(DA)率差异有统计学意义(p<0.023)(肝硬化患者与透析患者的平均DA率:61% vs 43%)。结论:肝硬化和透析患者的药物依从率较低，需要加强患者教育。应在移植前和移植后的两组患者中实施加强依从性的药物护理方案。
{"title":"A Comparative, Multicenter, Observational Study of Medication Adherence in Liver Cirrhosis Patients and Dialysis Patients Using Electronic Event Measurement","authors":"R. Heeb, G. Greif-Higer, J. Lutz, T. Zimmermann, Patrick Harloff, T. Mettang, M. Berres, I. Krämer","doi":"10.4172/2376-0419.1000186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2376-0419.1000186","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Medication adherence was only studied in a limited number of potential organ recipients. So far medication adherence was not evaluated by utilizing electronic monitoring systems in dialysis and liver cirrhosis patients. The main objective of the present study was to measure the medication adherence of patients suffering from end stage kidney or liver disease by an objectified method. \u0000Methods: Adult liver cirrhosis patients taking propranolol and dialysis patients taking phosphate binders, each medication 3 times daily, were eligible to be enrolled in the study protocol. Medication adherence was measured electronically with MEMS™-containers over a period of 6 months in each patient. \u0000Results: 34 patients suffering from liver cirrhosis and 36 dialysis patients participated in the study and were analysed per protocol. The Dosing Adherence (DA) rate differed significantly (p<0.023) between the two patient groups (mean DA rate of liver cirrhosis patients vs. dialysis patients: 61% vs. 43%). \u0000Conclusion: Low medication adherence rates observed in liver cirrhosis patients and dialysis patients ask for better patient education. Pharmaceutical care programs enhancing adherence should be implemented in both patient groups before transplantation and continued after transplantation.","PeriodicalId":16700,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Care & Health Systems","volume":"3 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82675941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-15DOI: 10.4172/2376-0419.1000185
Maki Komiyama, K. Hasegawa
The aim of this review is to promote the prevention of cervical cancer in Japan. Cervical cancer due to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a preventable cause of death, although HPV infection is very common and anyone who has had sexual intercourse can become infected. Cervical cancer is a serious disease that can significantly affect women’s lives; it can not only deprive women of their fertility but also lead to death if left untreated.
{"title":"Comparison of Preventive Care for Cervical Cancer Between Japan And Western Countries: A Review","authors":"Maki Komiyama, K. Hasegawa","doi":"10.4172/2376-0419.1000185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2376-0419.1000185","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this review is to promote the prevention of cervical cancer in Japan. Cervical cancer due to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a preventable cause of death, although HPV infection is very common and anyone who has had sexual intercourse can become infected. Cervical cancer is a serious disease that can significantly affect women’s lives; it can not only deprive women of their fertility but also lead to death if left untreated.","PeriodicalId":16700,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Care & Health Systems","volume":"5 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76052029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-07DOI: 10.4172/2376-0419.1000184
Iroha Ir, E. Okoye, Osigwe Ca, Moses Ib, C. Ejikeugwu, Nwakaeze Ae
The objective of this research work was to isolate, characterize and determine the prevalence of Extended- Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli and Klebsiella spp. from orthopedic wounds of patients admitted at National Orthopedic Hospital Enugu (NOHE), South East Nigeria. In this study, 171 bacterial isolates were obtained from 257 orthopedic wound swabs over a period of one year. Sixty nine (69) of the bacterial isolates were identified as E. coli while 102 were Klebsiella spp based on standard microbiological techniques. The phenotypic screening of the 171 bacterial isolates (E. coli and Klebsiella spp) for ESBL production was done by disc diffusion method using second and third generation cephalosporins. The ESBL producers were confirmed using double disc synergy test. Susceptibility of the ESBL-producing bacterial isolates to antibiotics was done on Mueller-Hinton agar by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion methods. Exactly 59.65% and 40.35% of the identified Klebsiella spp and E. coli isolates respectively were confirmed to be ESBL producers. The bacterial isolates were highly resistant (89%-100%) to ceftazidime, amoxicillin, aztreonam, cefpirome, cefoxitin, cefotetan, and cefotaxime. However, imipenem was the most active antibiotic against the bacterial isolates as they were highly susceptible to this antibiotic (64%-71%). This study has revealed that E. coli and Klebsiella spp colonize orthopedic wounds. They were also multidrug-resistant with Multiple Antibiotic Resistance Index (MARI) values within the range of 0.20 to 0.85. The increasing prevalence of bacterial resistance to antibiotics has made susceptibility testing a crucial aspect in the treatment of serious bacterial infections. Therefore, there is need for increased surveillance of ESBL-producing organisms as they pose serious threat to successful treatment of infections and exacerbates the problem of antimicrobial resistance in the hospitals, especially in resource poor settings.
{"title":"Isolation, Phenotypic Characterization and Prevalence of ESBL-Producing Escherichia Coli and Klebsiella Species from Orthopedic Wounds in National Orthopedic Hospital Enugu (NOHE), South East Nigeria","authors":"Iroha Ir, E. Okoye, Osigwe Ca, Moses Ib, C. Ejikeugwu, Nwakaeze Ae","doi":"10.4172/2376-0419.1000184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2376-0419.1000184","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this research work was to isolate, characterize and determine the prevalence of Extended- Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli and Klebsiella spp. from orthopedic wounds of patients admitted at National Orthopedic Hospital Enugu (NOHE), South East Nigeria. In this study, 171 bacterial isolates were obtained from 257 orthopedic wound swabs over a period of one year. Sixty nine (69) of the bacterial isolates were identified as E. coli while 102 were Klebsiella spp based on standard microbiological techniques. The phenotypic screening of the 171 bacterial isolates (E. coli and Klebsiella spp) for ESBL production was done by disc diffusion method using second and third generation cephalosporins. The ESBL producers were confirmed using double disc synergy test. Susceptibility of the ESBL-producing bacterial isolates to antibiotics was done on Mueller-Hinton agar by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion methods. Exactly 59.65% and 40.35% of the identified Klebsiella spp and E. coli isolates respectively were confirmed to be ESBL producers. The bacterial isolates were highly resistant (89%-100%) to ceftazidime, amoxicillin, aztreonam, cefpirome, cefoxitin, cefotetan, and cefotaxime. However, imipenem was the most active antibiotic against the bacterial isolates as they were highly susceptible to this antibiotic (64%-71%). This study has revealed that E. coli and Klebsiella spp colonize orthopedic wounds. They were also multidrug-resistant with Multiple Antibiotic Resistance Index (MARI) values within the range of 0.20 to 0.85. The increasing prevalence of bacterial resistance to antibiotics has made susceptibility testing a crucial aspect in the treatment of serious bacterial infections. Therefore, there is need for increased surveillance of ESBL-producing organisms as they pose serious threat to successful treatment of infections and exacerbates the problem of antimicrobial resistance in the hospitals, especially in resource poor settings.","PeriodicalId":16700,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Care & Health Systems","volume":"23 23 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88646483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-08-30DOI: 10.4172/2376-0419.1000183
M. Ros
Diclofenac is a medication that presents in its structure two benzene rings joined by an amine group presenting: The first ring two chlorine atoms, both in the ortho position with respect to the amino group and the second ring is bound to ethanoic acid, also in ortho position with respect to this amino group, thus showing the carboxylate group (COO-). We have studied the Raman spectrum of solid Diclofenac (DCF), their spectra in solution in methanol at different concentrations and Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) with additives that increase the profile of spectra. The interaction of this molecule with Ag (that is in the colloid used in SERS), is significant on the two rings, the COO- and amine group and Cl atom and C7H2 group, everyone in the structure of DCF.
{"title":"Study of Antiviral Diclofenac by Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy","authors":"M. Ros","doi":"10.4172/2376-0419.1000183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2376-0419.1000183","url":null,"abstract":"Diclofenac is a medication that presents in its structure two benzene rings joined by an amine group presenting: The first ring two chlorine atoms, both in the ortho position with respect to the amino group and the second ring is bound to ethanoic acid, also in ortho position with respect to this amino group, thus showing the carboxylate group (COO-). \u0000We have studied the Raman spectrum of solid Diclofenac (DCF), their spectra in solution in methanol at different concentrations and Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) with additives that increase the profile of spectra. The interaction of this molecule with Ag (that is in the colloid used in SERS), is significant on the two rings, the COO- and amine group and Cl atom and C7H2 group, everyone in the structure of DCF.","PeriodicalId":16700,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Care & Health Systems","volume":"109 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85777889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-08-25DOI: 10.4172/2376-0419.1000182
Nagib A S Qarah, K. Basavaiah, S. Abdulrahman
Two simple and moderately selective spectrophotometric methods are described for the determination of Diethylcarbamazine Citrate (DEC) in bulk drug, dosage forms and spiked human urine. The first method (method A) is based on the formation of yellow colored ion-pair complex between DEC and Methyl Orange (MO) dye, at pH 4.95 ± 0.05, which was extracted into chloroform and measured at 420 nm. The second method (method B) involved the breaking of yellow ion-pair complex in acid medium followed by the measurement of the free dye at 520 nm. Experimental parameters influencing the formation and extraction of the ion-pair complex in method A and breaking of the complex in method B were scrupulously examined and optimized. Beer’s law is obeyed over the concentration ranges of 10-90 and 5-100 μg mL-1 DEC with corresponding molar absorptivity values of 2.90×103 and 3.54×103 L mol-1 cm-1 for method A and method B, respectively. The Sandell’s sensitivity values were 0.1351 and 0.1106 μg cm-2 for method A and method B, respectively. The Limits of Detection (LOD) and Quantification (LOQ) were calculated to be 0.36 and 1.09 μg mL-1 (method A) and 0.34 and 1.02 μg mL-1 (method B). The composition of drug-dye ion-pair complex used in method A was found to be 1:1 by Job’s method of continuous variations. The proposed methods were validated for robustness, ruggedness and selectivity, and applied to the determination of DEC in tablet, syrup formulations and spiked human urine samples. The results demonstrated that the proposed methods are as accurate and precise as the reference method. The accuracy of the methods was further ascertained by recovery study via standard-addition method.
{"title":"Spectrophotometric Assay of Diethylcarbamazine Citrate in Pharmaceuticals and Human Urine via Ion-Pair Reaction Using Methyl Orange Dye","authors":"Nagib A S Qarah, K. Basavaiah, S. Abdulrahman","doi":"10.4172/2376-0419.1000182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2376-0419.1000182","url":null,"abstract":"Two simple and moderately selective spectrophotometric methods are described for the determination of Diethylcarbamazine Citrate (DEC) in bulk drug, dosage forms and spiked human urine. The first method (method A) is based on the formation of yellow colored ion-pair complex between DEC and Methyl Orange (MO) dye, at pH 4.95 ± 0.05, which was extracted into chloroform and measured at 420 nm. The second method (method B) involved the breaking of yellow ion-pair complex in acid medium followed by the measurement of the free dye at 520 nm. Experimental parameters influencing the formation and extraction of the ion-pair complex in method A and breaking of the complex in method B were scrupulously examined and optimized. Beer’s law is obeyed over the concentration ranges of 10-90 and 5-100 μg mL-1 DEC with corresponding molar absorptivity values of 2.90×103 and 3.54×103 L mol-1 cm-1 for method A and method B, respectively. The Sandell’s sensitivity values were 0.1351 and 0.1106 μg cm-2 for method A and method B, respectively. The Limits of Detection (LOD) and Quantification (LOQ) were calculated to be 0.36 and 1.09 μg mL-1 (method A) and 0.34 and 1.02 μg mL-1 (method B). The composition of drug-dye ion-pair complex used in method A was found to be 1:1 by Job’s method of continuous variations. The proposed methods were validated for robustness, ruggedness and selectivity, and applied to the determination of DEC in tablet, syrup formulations and spiked human urine samples. The results demonstrated that the proposed methods are as accurate and precise as the reference method. The accuracy of the methods was further ascertained by recovery study via standard-addition method.","PeriodicalId":16700,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Care & Health Systems","volume":"113 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79749558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-08-03DOI: 10.4172/2376-0419.1000180
W. Elbossaty
Leukemia is white blood cells cancer, which characterized with production of immature blood cells. Overcrowding of bone marrow with this abnormal immature cells, which interference with normal blood cells production, this may be lead to hyperleukocytosis, cytopenias, liver and kidney failure. In this study reports a case series of four patients with acute leukemia were studied. From this study, we concluded that hyperleukocytosis and cytopenias, disturbance in liver and kidney function were correlated with ALL than in AML.
{"title":"Acute Renal and Hepatic Failure and Abnormal Blood Cell Count in Acute Leukemia: A Report of Four Cases and Review of the Literature","authors":"W. Elbossaty","doi":"10.4172/2376-0419.1000180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2376-0419.1000180","url":null,"abstract":"Leukemia is white blood cells cancer, which characterized with production of immature blood cells. Overcrowding of bone marrow with this abnormal immature cells, which interference with normal blood cells production, this may be lead to hyperleukocytosis, cytopenias, liver and kidney failure. In this study reports a case series of four patients with acute leukemia were studied. From this study, we concluded that hyperleukocytosis and cytopenias, disturbance in liver and kidney function were correlated with ALL than in AML.","PeriodicalId":16700,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Care & Health Systems","volume":"41 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81433459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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