Pub Date : 2022-06-15DOI: 10.18579/jopcr/v21i1.ms21.53
R. Pallavi, S. Jha
A well-known Ayurvedic formulation, Triphala has numerous health benefits like appetite stimulation, controls diabetes, reduces cholesterol, relieves stress, alleviates inflammation and treats a variety of bacterial and fungal infections along with digestive problems. The phytoconstituents flavonoids, tannins, polyphenols and many chemical compounds are responsible for its claimed health benefits. One of the very significant compounds is gallic acid, which is reported to possess hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antineoplastic and antioxidant properties that are beneficial in treatment of several diseases. In the present work using gallic acid as a marker, an attempt has been made to extract gallic acid from tannins present in Triphala by enzymatic hydrolysis and subsequent estimation of total gallic acid content by high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). Rhizopus oryzae fungus is cultured for the production of enzyme tannase, which converts tannins into gallic acid. The extracted gallic acid is estimated in the biocatalyzed sample at optimal process parameters by high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) method. The gallic acid content after treatment with enzyme was found to be doubled 0.296 ± 0.018 mg/ml, Rf value 0.37 at 254nm which was 0.197 ± 0.008 mg/ml and Rf value was 0.37 prior to enzymatic treatment. Gallic acid in Triphala is present in free form as well as the constituent of tannins. There is a remarkable yield of gallic acid from tannins using the enzyme Tannase in the conversion process. Application of such advanced technology increases the gallic acid yield from response surfaces in herbal and ayurvedic products containing gallic acid. The extraction condition of phenolic compounds can be optimised using enzyme hydrolysis. The effective factors including the solid to solvent ratio, enzyme concentration, particle size and extraction time can be optimised. Keywords: Triphala, Gallic acid, Tannin, Rhizopus oryzae, Tannase, HPTLC
{"title":"Estimation of Gallic Acid in Triphala Using Enzymatic Hydrolysis","authors":"R. Pallavi, S. Jha","doi":"10.18579/jopcr/v21i1.ms21.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18579/jopcr/v21i1.ms21.53","url":null,"abstract":"A well-known Ayurvedic formulation, Triphala has numerous health benefits like appetite stimulation, controls diabetes, reduces cholesterol, relieves stress, alleviates inflammation and treats a variety of bacterial and fungal infections along with digestive problems. The phytoconstituents flavonoids, tannins, polyphenols and many chemical compounds are responsible for its claimed health benefits. One of the very significant compounds is gallic acid, which is reported to possess hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antineoplastic and antioxidant properties that are beneficial in treatment of several diseases. In the present work using gallic acid as a marker, an attempt has been made to extract gallic acid from tannins present in Triphala by enzymatic hydrolysis and subsequent estimation of total gallic acid content by high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). Rhizopus oryzae fungus is cultured for the production of enzyme tannase, which converts tannins into gallic acid. The extracted gallic acid is estimated in the biocatalyzed sample at optimal process parameters by high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) method. The gallic acid content after treatment with enzyme was found to be doubled 0.296 ± 0.018 mg/ml, Rf value 0.37 at 254nm which was 0.197 ± 0.008 mg/ml and Rf value was 0.37 prior to enzymatic treatment. Gallic acid in Triphala is present in free form as well as the constituent of tannins. There is a remarkable yield of gallic acid from tannins using the enzyme Tannase in the conversion process. Application of such advanced technology increases the gallic acid yield from response surfaces in herbal and ayurvedic products containing gallic acid. The extraction condition of phenolic compounds can be optimised using enzyme hydrolysis. The effective factors including the solid to solvent ratio, enzyme concentration, particle size and extraction time can be optimised. Keywords: Triphala, Gallic acid, Tannin, Rhizopus oryzae, Tannase, HPTLC","PeriodicalId":16706,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43234663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Breast cancer is one of the most lethal cancers, estrogen receptor α Subtype (ERα) is an important target. The compounds that able to fight ERα active may be candidates for treatment of breast cancer. The drug discovery process is a very large and complex process that often requires one selected from a large number of compounds. This paper considers the independence, coupling, and relevance of bioactivity descriptors, selects the 15 most potentially valuable bioactivity descriptors from 729 bioactivity descriptors. An optimized back propagation neural network is used for ERα, the pharmacokinetics and safety of 15 selected bioactivity descriptors were verified by gradient lifting algorithm. The results showed that these 15 biological activity descriptors could not only fit well with the nonlinear relationship of ERα activity can also accurately predict its pharmacokinetic characteristics and safety, with an average accuracy of 89.92~94.80%. Therefore, these biological activity descriptors have great medical research value.
{"title":"A Statistical Study on Anti-Breast Cancer Drug Screening","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/jpr.07.01.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/jpr.07.01.01","url":null,"abstract":"Breast cancer is one of the most lethal cancers, estrogen receptor α Subtype (ERα) is an important target. The compounds that able to fight ERα active may be candidates for treatment of breast cancer. The drug discovery process is a very large and complex process that often requires one selected from a large number of compounds. This paper considers the independence, coupling, and relevance of bioactivity descriptors, selects the 15 most potentially valuable bioactivity descriptors from 729 bioactivity descriptors. An optimized back propagation neural network is used for ERα, the pharmacokinetics and safety of 15 selected bioactivity descriptors were verified by gradient lifting algorithm. The results showed that these 15 biological activity descriptors could not only fit well with the nonlinear relationship of ERα activity can also accurately predict its pharmacokinetic characteristics and safety, with an average accuracy of 89.92~94.80%. Therefore, these biological activity descriptors have great medical research value.","PeriodicalId":16706,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45973341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Guggulu is an oleogum resin (oleo resin) that spontaneously emerges from the bark of Commiphora mukul Hook. ex Stocks, which belongs to the Burseraceae family. It has a long ethnomedicinal history and is a phytochemical repository of heuristic medical qualities. Guggulu is one of the constituents in several Ayurvedic formulations, the majority of which are titled with the suffix ‘guggulu.’ Guggulsterone is the principal active ingredient in gugulipid, a C. mukul extract used to treat a range of human illnesses. Massive work was expended in this review to assemble the data about guggulu and its undiscovered Ayurvedic formulations utilised in the Ayurvedic System of Medicines. Purified guggulu has been found to be useful in a variety of guggulu formulations for a variety of illness problems, with or without particular anupana. In Ayurveda, the formulation concept of guggulu is characterized by improved pharmacokinetic and polyvalent effects with multiple mechanisms of drug action. As a result, it is necessary in the modern period to undertake preclinical and clinical trials to validate the medicinal effectiveness of Guggulu formulations referenced in ancient literatures.
{"title":"A Review On: Herbal, Pharmacognostical and Pharmacological Studies on Guggulu","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/jpr.07.01.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/jpr.07.01.04","url":null,"abstract":"Guggulu is an oleogum resin (oleo resin) that spontaneously emerges from the bark of Commiphora mukul Hook. ex Stocks, which belongs to the Burseraceae family. It has a long ethnomedicinal history and is a phytochemical repository of heuristic medical qualities. Guggulu is one of the constituents in several Ayurvedic formulations, the majority of which are titled with the suffix ‘guggulu.’ Guggulsterone is the principal active ingredient in gugulipid, a C. mukul extract used to treat a range of human illnesses. Massive work was expended in this review to assemble the data about guggulu and its undiscovered Ayurvedic formulations utilised in the Ayurvedic System of Medicines. Purified guggulu has been found to be useful in a variety of guggulu formulations for a variety of illness problems, with or without particular anupana. In Ayurveda, the formulation concept of guggulu is characterized by improved pharmacokinetic and polyvalent effects with multiple mechanisms of drug action. As a result, it is necessary in the modern period to undertake preclinical and clinical trials to validate the medicinal effectiveness of Guggulu formulations referenced in ancient literatures.","PeriodicalId":16706,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46944302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided drainage is first-line treatment of Pancreatic fluid collection. The invention of metallic stents has provided a safer and more efficient approach route for internal drainage. But because of the high cost of metal stents, a large number of patients still choose plastic stents, which can help them from the disease with much lower cost. Patients and Methods: Between March to December in 2017, 20 patients with Peripancreatic fluid collections were prospectively enrolled to receive the double pigtail plastic stent with nasocystic tube and/or percutaneous catheter. Results: There were 20 cases of pseudocyst including 4 cases of infected pseudocyst. The causes of the PFC were mainly gallstones (60%), followed with alcohol (30%) and hyperlipoidemia (10%). Technical success was achieved in 100% of the cases. All patients were completely resolved with the evidence of CT scan and clinical evaluation. The mean time for resolution was 15±20 days. The mean follow-up was 3 months. Conclusion: The combination drainage of double pigtail plastic stent with nasocystic tube and/or percutaneous catheter of pancreatic pseudocyst is feasible and efficacious to most patients. Using a titanium clip could prevent migration occurrence. With the economic benefits of plastic stents, they are still wildly used in developing countries.
{"title":"The Combination of Double Pigtail Plastic Stent, Nasocystic Tube and Percutaneous Catheter in Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Transluminal Drainage for Peripancreatic Fluid Collection","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/jpr.07.01.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/jpr.07.01.05","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided drainage is first-line treatment of Pancreatic fluid collection. The invention of metallic stents has provided a safer and more efficient approach route for internal drainage. But because of the high cost of metal stents, a large number of patients still choose plastic stents, which can help them from the disease with much lower cost. Patients and Methods: Between March to December in 2017, 20 patients with Peripancreatic fluid collections were prospectively enrolled to receive the double pigtail plastic stent with nasocystic tube and/or percutaneous catheter. Results: There were 20 cases of pseudocyst including 4 cases of infected pseudocyst. The causes of the PFC were mainly gallstones (60%), followed with alcohol (30%) and hyperlipoidemia (10%). Technical success was achieved in 100% of the cases. All patients were completely resolved with the evidence of CT scan and clinical evaluation. The mean time for resolution was 15±20 days. The mean follow-up was 3 months. Conclusion: The combination drainage of double pigtail plastic stent with nasocystic tube and/or percutaneous catheter of pancreatic pseudocyst is feasible and efficacious to most patients. Using a titanium clip could prevent migration occurrence. With the economic benefits of plastic stents, they are still wildly used in developing countries.","PeriodicalId":16706,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46044368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The sources of drug usage data vary from country to country depending on the level of sophistication of medical record keeping, data collection, data analysis, reporting and the operational considerations of the health care system. In the majority of the countries, different physicians’ prescribing patterns for anti-hypertensive medications widely differ from the established standards. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the prescription pattern and practice of combination drug therapy of anti-hypertensive medicines in Alka Hospital, Kathmandu. Method: The medical record of patients who received anti-hypertensive drugs during their treatment periods were reviewed. Data entry was done in MS Excel data sheet and data were analyzed in SPSS. The total number of prescriptions analyzed was 112. Results: The maximum percentage of males and females with hypertension was found in the age group of 40-60 years. As mono therapy Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs) (39.28%) were the most commonly prescribed anti-hypertensive followed by Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs) (8.92%) and Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEIs) (0.89%). In combination therapy often two drugs combination was prescribed. The most common combination was ARBs + CCBs (24.1%), followed by ARBs + Diuretics (6.25%). Conclusion: The prevalent prescribing pattern of antihypertensive in Alka Hospital seems to be in compliance with Joint National Committee VIII (JNC VIII) guidelines.
{"title":"A Cross Sectional Study on Prescription Pattern and Combination Drug Therapy in Hypertension Among Patients Visiting Alka Hospital Kathmandu","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/jpr.07.01.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/jpr.07.01.02","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The sources of drug usage data vary from country to country depending on the level of sophistication of medical record keeping, data collection, data analysis, reporting and the operational considerations of the health care system. In the majority of the countries, different physicians’ prescribing patterns for anti-hypertensive medications widely differ from the established standards. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the prescription pattern and practice of combination drug therapy of anti-hypertensive medicines in Alka Hospital, Kathmandu. Method: The medical record of patients who received anti-hypertensive drugs during their treatment periods were reviewed. Data entry was done in MS Excel data sheet and data were analyzed in SPSS. The total number of prescriptions analyzed was 112. Results: The maximum percentage of males and females with hypertension was found in the age group of 40-60 years. As mono therapy Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs) (39.28%) were the most commonly prescribed anti-hypertensive followed by Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs) (8.92%) and Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEIs) (0.89%). In combination therapy often two drugs combination was prescribed. The most common combination was ARBs + CCBs (24.1%), followed by ARBs + Diuretics (6.25%). Conclusion: The prevalent prescribing pattern of antihypertensive in Alka Hospital seems to be in compliance with Joint National Committee VIII (JNC VIII) guidelines.","PeriodicalId":16706,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49004951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of simulation-based training (SBT) of a ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) bundle of care on the knowledge and practice of nursing officers working in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and its impact on the incidence of VAP. This study was a single-center, pre- and postsimulation-based educational interventional tool conducted in a six-bed PICU located in Western Rajasthan, India. Thirty nursing officers working in the PICU participated in the study. Baseline knowledge and practice regarding VAP bundle of care were assessed using a questionnaire and practice checklist. It was followed by 1:1 SBT of the VAP bundle of care following which all participants were immediately reassessed and then again at 3 months postintervention. The incidence of VAP (events/1,000 ventilation days) was subsequently compared both at 6 months pre- and postintervention. Thirty nursing officers participated in the study of which 63% were male. Baseline knowledge and practice increased significantly immediately after the VAP bundle of care training and then again at 3 months in comparison to preintervention testing (baseline 20.27 ± 4.51, immediate postintervention 26.0 ± 3.67, 3 months postintervention 23.97 ± 4.69). The incidence of VAP showed a declining trend from 46.1 to 36.5/1,000 ventilation days; however, this finding was not statistically significant ( p = 0.22). The simulation-based teaching program significantly enhanced nursing officers' knowledge and practice toward utilization of a preventive VAP bundle of care. There was decay in knowledge with time indicating that repetitive sessions are required at regular intervals to sustain this effect.
{"title":"Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia Bundle of Care Training of Nursing Officers Using Simulation and Its Impact on Their Knowledge and Incidence of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia: A Quasi-Experimental Study.","authors":"Ravi Kumar Jeengar, Bharat Choudhary, Daisy Khera, Simranjeet Singh, Suray Prakash Purohit, Kuldeep Singh","doi":"10.1055/s-0041-1740589","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0041-1740589","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of simulation-based training (SBT) of a ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) bundle of care on the knowledge and practice of nursing officers working in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and its impact on the incidence of VAP. This study was a single-center, pre- and postsimulation-based educational interventional tool conducted in a six-bed PICU located in Western Rajasthan, India. Thirty nursing officers working in the PICU participated in the study. Baseline knowledge and practice regarding VAP bundle of care were assessed using a questionnaire and practice checklist. It was followed by 1:1 SBT of the VAP bundle of care following which all participants were immediately reassessed and then again at 3 months postintervention. The incidence of VAP (events/1,000 ventilation days) was subsequently compared both at 6 months pre- and postintervention. Thirty nursing officers participated in the study of which 63% were male. Baseline knowledge and practice increased significantly immediately after the VAP bundle of care training and then again at 3 months in comparison to preintervention testing (baseline 20.27 ± 4.51, immediate postintervention 26.0 ± 3.67, 3 months postintervention 23.97 ± 4.69). The incidence of VAP showed a declining trend from 46.1 to 36.5/1,000 ventilation days; however, this finding was not statistically significant ( <i>p</i> = 0.22). The simulation-based teaching program significantly enhanced nursing officers' knowledge and practice toward utilization of a preventive VAP bundle of care. There was decay in knowledge with time indicating that repetitive sessions are required at regular intervals to sustain this effect.</p>","PeriodicalId":16706,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"168-173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11196136/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85105837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-15DOI: 10.18579/jopcr/v20i4.ms21083
Alwaleed Yousef Aldhobaib, S. Rabbani, M. Mobark
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) is a newer class of drugs used in the treatment of adult type-2 diabetes mellitus. The use of the drugs needs appropriate methods of administration including precautions and carry some potential risks such as pancreatitis and thyroid cell neoplasia. In this cross-sectional study, a pre-validated questionnaire with fixed-answers was used to assess the medical practitioner’s response towards recently approved drugs. Their replies were recorded in an excel sheet. The data was subjected to statistical analysis using one-way ANOVA and post-hoc tests to determine the significant value. p<0.05 was used to indicate the significance of the results. The data from the study indicated that 107 health care professionals such as physicians, nurses and pharmacists with differences in age, gender, nationality, qualification and experience took part in the survey. The overall correct response to the questions of knowledge domain was found to be 73.5%, attitude – 78.5% and practice – 80.3%. However, some critical information about the method of administration, precautions and possible risks associated with the therapy is lacking among the participants. A significant variation (P<0.05) was found for some of the demographic variables such as profession, qualification and age of the participants. The finding from the study suggests that the medical professionals have good knowledge, better attitude and proper practice about the GLP-1RA that is being approved for the treatment of type-2 diabetes mellitus. However, some of the vital aspects of the medication need update. Continuing medical education programs could be one of the most suitable strategies suggested for enlightening the information on the recent additions to the therapy. Keywords Knowledge, Attitude, Practice, Medical professionals, Type2 diabetes, GLP1RA
{"title":"Knowledge, Attitude and Practice about a Newer Class of Antidiabetic Drug (Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist) Among the Health Care Professionals of Qassim University, Saudi Arabia","authors":"Alwaleed Yousef Aldhobaib, S. Rabbani, M. Mobark","doi":"10.18579/jopcr/v20i4.ms21083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18579/jopcr/v20i4.ms21083","url":null,"abstract":"Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) is a newer class of drugs used in the treatment of adult type-2 diabetes mellitus. The use of the drugs needs appropriate methods of administration including precautions and carry some potential risks such as pancreatitis and thyroid cell neoplasia. In this cross-sectional study, a pre-validated questionnaire with fixed-answers was used to assess the medical practitioner’s response towards recently approved drugs. Their replies were recorded in an excel sheet. The data was subjected to statistical analysis using one-way ANOVA and post-hoc tests to determine the significant value. p<0.05 was used to indicate the significance of the results. The data from the study indicated that 107 health care professionals such as physicians, nurses and pharmacists with differences in age, gender, nationality, qualification and experience took part in the survey. The overall correct response to the questions of knowledge domain was found to be 73.5%, attitude – 78.5% and practice – 80.3%. However, some critical information about the method of administration, precautions and possible risks associated with the therapy is lacking among the participants. A significant variation (P<0.05) was found for some of the demographic variables such as profession, qualification and age of the participants. The finding from the study suggests that the medical professionals have good knowledge, better attitude and proper practice about the GLP-1RA that is being approved for the treatment of type-2 diabetes mellitus. However, some of the vital aspects of the medication need update. Continuing medical education programs could be one of the most suitable strategies suggested for enlightening the information on the recent additions to the therapy. Keywords Knowledge, Attitude, Practice, Medical professionals, Type2 diabetes, GLP1RA","PeriodicalId":16706,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45099462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-15DOI: 10.18579/jopcr/v20i4.ms21073
Suchismita Mishra, S. Suman, Akshat Gupta, N. Mishra
Mucormycosis, also known as Zygomycosis or Black Fungus, is an infection caused in humans via various causative agents from the Zygomycetes class. Several countries including India is afflicted by the covid-19 virus, which has infected approximately 3.7 million people across the country. Some of the corona-positive patients suffer from another fatal infection, Mucormycosis, commonly known as Black Fungus. The strategy should be to administer an effective antifungal drug as soon as possible at the optimum dose. However, India being an epicenter of Diabetes with enormous 80 million diabetics, is of particular importance in the present scenario of the COVID pandemic. COVID therapy with Steroids and immune suppressants has increased the chances of infection in various individuals within the country with weaker immune system responses. The main purpose of this paper is to enlighten the community about the involvement of mucormycosis in covid-19 affected population and basic insights of its invasion. Keywords Mucormycosis, Black Fungus, Covid-19, Diabetes Mellitus, Amphotericin B, Immunosuppression, Apophysomyces, Renal Failure, Corticosteroids
{"title":"Association of Mucormycosis in Covid-19 and its Epidemiologic Study","authors":"Suchismita Mishra, S. Suman, Akshat Gupta, N. Mishra","doi":"10.18579/jopcr/v20i4.ms21073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18579/jopcr/v20i4.ms21073","url":null,"abstract":"Mucormycosis, also known as Zygomycosis or Black Fungus, is an infection caused in humans via various causative agents from the Zygomycetes class. Several countries including India is afflicted by the covid-19 virus, which has infected approximately 3.7 million people across the country. Some of the corona-positive patients suffer from another fatal infection, Mucormycosis, commonly known as Black Fungus. The strategy should be to administer an effective antifungal drug as soon as possible at the optimum dose. However, India being an epicenter of Diabetes with enormous 80 million diabetics, is of particular importance in the present scenario of the COVID pandemic. COVID therapy with Steroids and immune suppressants has increased the chances of infection in various individuals within the country with weaker immune system responses. The main purpose of this paper is to enlighten the community about the involvement of mucormycosis in covid-19 affected population and basic insights of its invasion. Keywords Mucormycosis, Black Fungus, Covid-19, Diabetes Mellitus, Amphotericin B, Immunosuppression, Apophysomyces, Renal Failure, Corticosteroids","PeriodicalId":16706,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46747245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-15DOI: 10.18579/jopcr/v20i4.kishore
V. K. Kumar, K. Lalitha, R. S. Kumar
Background: Calamus rotang L (Asteraceae), also known as Pirampu in India, has long been employed in Ayurvedic medicinal formulations. It has been used to cure diabetes in folklore medicine for centuries. Aim: This Study evaluated the antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic effects of Calamus rotang L leaves in streptozotocin-nicotinamide (STZ-NC) induced diabetic model. Methods: Estimation of fasting blood glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin, total haemoglobin, lipid profiles, lipoproteins, hepatic marker enzyme activity, and pancreas histopathology was performed in STZ-NC induced diabetic rats after receiving ethanol extract of C. rotang L leaves (100 & 200 mg/kg) for 28 days orally. The data were statistically analysed using one-way analysis (ANOVA) and post hoc multiple comparison tests. Results: The ethanol extract of C. rotang L leaves was given at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg showed a substantial drop in fasting blood glucose levels and an increase in body weight. HbA1C, TC, TG, LDL, VLDL, AST, ALT, and ALP levels were dramatically lowered by the ethanol extract of the leaves of C. rotang L, whereas Hb, HDL cholesterol levels were significantly increased. Furthermore, in STZ-NC induced diabetes, the C. rotang L leaves ethanol extract has a positive impact on pancreas histological alterations. Conclusions: For the first time, these findings show that the C. rotang L leaves ethanol extract has significant antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic potential, bolstering the plant's claimed application in the treatment of diabetes and its complications. Keywords Calamus rotang L leaves, Antidiabetic, Antihyperlipidemic, Glibenclamide
{"title":"Antidiabetic and Antihyperlipidemic Effects of Calamus rotang L leaves (Arecaceae) in Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide Induced Diabetic Model","authors":"V. K. Kumar, K. Lalitha, R. S. Kumar","doi":"10.18579/jopcr/v20i4.kishore","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18579/jopcr/v20i4.kishore","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Calamus rotang L (Asteraceae), also known as Pirampu in India, has long been employed in Ayurvedic medicinal formulations. It has been used to cure diabetes in folklore medicine for centuries. Aim: This Study evaluated the antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic effects of Calamus rotang L leaves in streptozotocin-nicotinamide (STZ-NC) induced diabetic model. Methods: Estimation of fasting blood glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin, total haemoglobin, lipid profiles, lipoproteins, hepatic marker enzyme activity, and pancreas histopathology was performed in STZ-NC induced diabetic rats after receiving ethanol extract of C. rotang L leaves (100 & 200 mg/kg) for 28 days orally. The data were statistically analysed using one-way analysis (ANOVA) and post hoc multiple comparison tests. Results: The ethanol extract of C. rotang L leaves was given at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg showed a substantial drop in fasting blood glucose levels and an increase in body weight. HbA1C, TC, TG, LDL, VLDL, AST, ALT, and ALP levels were dramatically lowered by the ethanol extract of the leaves of C. rotang L, whereas Hb, HDL cholesterol levels were significantly increased. Furthermore, in STZ-NC induced diabetes, the C. rotang L leaves ethanol extract has a positive impact on pancreas histological alterations. Conclusions: For the first time, these findings show that the C. rotang L leaves ethanol extract has significant antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic potential, bolstering the plant's claimed application in the treatment of diabetes and its complications. Keywords Calamus rotang L leaves, Antidiabetic, Antihyperlipidemic, Glibenclamide","PeriodicalId":16706,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44907927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-15DOI: 10.18579/jopcr/v20i4.ms21084
S. Patil, Rajeev Chadar, A. Prasad, Poonam Koppula, Santhosh Koppula
Impurity profiling is an important aspect in drug therapy for its safety and efficacy. The study of impurities of sartans, the first line antihypertensive drugs, has become critical due to presence of cancer causing N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) and N-nitrosodiisopropylamine (NDIPA) in them, resulting from production and degradation process. These impurities have led to worldwide recall of products. Hence, a simple and accurate method has been developed and validated for simultaneous detection of NDMA, NDEA and NDIPA in Losartan using High Performance Liquid Chromatography - Ultra violet (HPLC - UV) system. The impurities were analyzed on Inertsil ODS 3V (250mm × 4.6mm, 5.0µm) analytical column by using water:methanol (60:40) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, with a run time of 30 mins. The method was developed for the acceptance limit of 0.64 ppm for NDMA, 0.177 ppm for NDEA and NDIPA respectively. On comparison with existing approaches, the developed method is fast, ideal for routine screening and is suitable for both laboratory and industrial uses. Keywords: Losartan, HPLC - UV, N-nitrosodimethylamine, N-nitrosodiethylamine, N-nitrosodiisopropylamine
{"title":"Quantification and Validation of a HPLC-UV Method for Simultaneous Analysis of Nitrosoamine Impurities (NDMA, NDEA and NDIPA) in Losartan","authors":"S. Patil, Rajeev Chadar, A. Prasad, Poonam Koppula, Santhosh Koppula","doi":"10.18579/jopcr/v20i4.ms21084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18579/jopcr/v20i4.ms21084","url":null,"abstract":"Impurity profiling is an important aspect in drug therapy for its safety and efficacy. The study of impurities of sartans, the first line antihypertensive drugs, has become critical due to presence of cancer causing N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) and N-nitrosodiisopropylamine (NDIPA) in them, resulting from production and degradation process. These impurities have led to worldwide recall of products. Hence, a simple and accurate method has been developed and validated for simultaneous detection of NDMA, NDEA and NDIPA in Losartan using High Performance Liquid Chromatography - Ultra violet (HPLC - UV) system. The impurities were analyzed on Inertsil ODS 3V (250mm × 4.6mm, 5.0µm) analytical column by using water:methanol (60:40) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, with a run time of 30 mins. The method was developed for the acceptance limit of 0.64 ppm for NDMA, 0.177 ppm for NDEA and NDIPA respectively. On comparison with existing approaches, the developed method is fast, ideal for routine screening and is suitable for both laboratory and industrial uses. Keywords: Losartan, HPLC - UV, N-nitrosodimethylamine, N-nitrosodiethylamine, N-nitrosodiisopropylamine","PeriodicalId":16706,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44025892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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