Pub Date : 2023-05-15DOI: 10.18579/jopcr/v22.1.ms230206
Nasir Ibrahim, M. Aminu, A. M. Ismail, Y. A. Jega, Awwalu Salisu
Several extraction steps involved while analyzing metformin in plasma necessitates the need to develop a simple less tedious RP-HPLC method for metformin analysis in human saliva.Blank saliva (2 mL) was spiked with 2 mL solution (12.5 µg mL-1) of metformin and 1 mL solution (0.5 µg mL-1) of caffeine as internal standard (IS). The mixture was vortex mixed and centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes. A portion (0.5 mL) of the resultant solution was injected into the HPLC machine (Agilent 1260 infinity). The optimized conditions included a mobile phase of methanol:water (80:20 v/v) containing 0.1 % orthophosphoric acid, isocratic elusion mode, an injection volume of 10 µL, flow rate of 1 mLmin-1, at 35°C and detection wavelength of 232nm. Calibration curve(1.25to25.0 µg mL-1) was prepared by plotting the peak height ratios of metformin Vs IS against their corresponding concentrations. The method was validated according to ICH guidelines. Metformin and caffeine eluted at 1.6 and 2.6 minutes respectively. The method was precise (<1 % RSD), accurate (% Er of 1.00 and % recovery of 99.98 %) with linear calibration curve (r= 0.9987). The developed method can be used for determination of metformin in human saliva. Keywords: Metformin, Saliva, Isocratic elution, RP-HPLC
{"title":"RP-HPLC Method Developed for the Determination of Metformin in Human Saliva","authors":"Nasir Ibrahim, M. Aminu, A. M. Ismail, Y. A. Jega, Awwalu Salisu","doi":"10.18579/jopcr/v22.1.ms230206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18579/jopcr/v22.1.ms230206","url":null,"abstract":"Several extraction steps involved while analyzing metformin in plasma necessitates the need to develop a simple less tedious RP-HPLC method for metformin analysis in human saliva.Blank saliva (2 mL) was spiked with 2 mL solution (12.5 µg mL-1) of metformin and 1 mL solution (0.5 µg mL-1) of caffeine as internal standard (IS). The mixture was vortex mixed and centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes. A portion (0.5 mL) of the resultant solution was injected into the HPLC machine (Agilent 1260 infinity). The optimized conditions included a mobile phase of methanol:water (80:20 v/v) containing 0.1 % orthophosphoric acid, isocratic elusion mode, an injection volume of 10 µL, flow rate of 1 mLmin-1, at 35°C and detection wavelength of 232nm. Calibration curve(1.25to25.0 µg mL-1) was prepared by plotting the peak height ratios of metformin Vs IS against their corresponding concentrations. The method was validated according to ICH guidelines. Metformin and caffeine eluted at 1.6 and 2.6 minutes respectively. The method was precise (<1 % RSD), accurate (% Er of 1.00 and % recovery of 99.98 %) with linear calibration curve (r= 0.9987). The developed method can be used for determination of metformin in human saliva. Keywords: Metformin, Saliva, Isocratic elution, RP-HPLC","PeriodicalId":16706,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48895247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-15DOI: 10.18579/jopcr/v22.1.ms230102
K. A. Ali, Riya Das, S. Choudhuri
Our primary goal of this work was to create and test a mucoadhesive lyophilized rapid dissolving sublingual wafer of Alprazolam using a natural mucoadhesive agent extracted from black gram (Vigna mungo L.) seeds. We examined the pH, swelling volume, moisture absorption capability, mucoadhesive strength, and viscosity of the natural mucoadhesive agent. We compared it with synthetic mucoadhesive agents such as Hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and Carbopol 934 (CP 934). The prepared wafers of both categories were characterized and compared for mechanical and texture properties, wetting time, disintegration time, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), in vitro drug release, and ex vivo permeation study. We found that the pH of V. mungo mucilage (VMM) was 6.95±0.75, which lies between the normal sublingual mucosal range (pH 6-7), suggesting non-irritability to the mucosa. Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) peak showed no significant interaction between Alprazolam and mucoadhesive materials. The micrographs of SEM predicted good porosity of the wafer which leads to rapid wetting, disintegration, and dissolution. It is inferred from the study that the fast-dissolving wafer prepared from the VMM gave a better result than the HPC wafer in respect of various parameters. Hence, this study discovered an alternative method to deliver Alprazolam. Keywords: Lyophilization, Permeability, Solid dosage form(s), Mucoadhesive, Texture
{"title":"Fabrication of Sublingual Alprazolam Wafers using Mucoadhesive Vigna mungo L. Seeds and Characterized with Texture Analyzer QTS-25","authors":"K. A. Ali, Riya Das, S. Choudhuri","doi":"10.18579/jopcr/v22.1.ms230102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18579/jopcr/v22.1.ms230102","url":null,"abstract":"Our primary goal of this work was to create and test a mucoadhesive lyophilized rapid dissolving sublingual wafer of Alprazolam using a natural mucoadhesive agent extracted from black gram (Vigna mungo L.) seeds. We examined the pH, swelling volume, moisture absorption capability, mucoadhesive strength, and viscosity of the natural mucoadhesive agent. We compared it with synthetic mucoadhesive agents such as Hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and Carbopol 934 (CP 934). The prepared wafers of both categories were characterized and compared for mechanical and texture properties, wetting time, disintegration time, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), in vitro drug release, and ex vivo permeation study. We found that the pH of V. mungo mucilage (VMM) was 6.95±0.75, which lies between the normal sublingual mucosal range (pH 6-7), suggesting non-irritability to the mucosa. Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) peak showed no significant interaction between Alprazolam and mucoadhesive materials. The micrographs of SEM predicted good porosity of the wafer which leads to rapid wetting, disintegration, and dissolution. It is inferred from the study that the fast-dissolving wafer prepared from the VMM gave a better result than the HPC wafer in respect of various parameters. Hence, this study discovered an alternative method to deliver Alprazolam. Keywords: Lyophilization, Permeability, Solid dosage form(s), Mucoadhesive, Texture","PeriodicalId":16706,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41388959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-15DOI: 10.18579/jopcr/v22.1.23.2
B. Tassa, Navajit Sahu, Pradumna Pathak
The present study was designed to evaluate the antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant activities of leaves of Houttuynia cordata Thunb. The ethanolic extract was obtained by percolation method and acute oral toxicity tests were performed according to OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) guidelines. Hyperlipidaemia was induced by feeding the rats with a high-fat diet consisting of coconut oil and vanaspati ghee, in a ratio of 2:3 v/v at a dose of 10 ml/Kg body weight. The extract was given at a dose of 500mg/kg body weight. Lipid profile, Malondialdehyde (MDA), Catalase (CAT), and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) were measured using standard methods. The extract showed a significant decrease in total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, and MDA in the blood. On the other hand, HDL, CAT, and SOD increased significantly. The study demonstrates that the ethanolic extract of leaves of Houttuynia cordata Thunb., decreases blood lipid levels and lipid peroxidation. Keywords: Antihyperlipidemic, Antioxidant, Houttuynia cordata Thunb, EELHC
{"title":"A Study of the Antihyperlipidemic and Antioxidant Activities of Ethanolic Extracts of Leaves of Houttuynia cordata Thunb . (EELHC) in Albino Rats","authors":"B. Tassa, Navajit Sahu, Pradumna Pathak","doi":"10.18579/jopcr/v22.1.23.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18579/jopcr/v22.1.23.2","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was designed to evaluate the antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant activities of leaves of Houttuynia cordata Thunb. The ethanolic extract was obtained by percolation method and acute oral toxicity tests were performed according to OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) guidelines. Hyperlipidaemia was induced by feeding the rats with a high-fat diet consisting of coconut oil and vanaspati ghee, in a ratio of 2:3 v/v at a dose of 10 ml/Kg body weight. The extract was given at a dose of 500mg/kg body weight. Lipid profile, Malondialdehyde (MDA), Catalase (CAT), and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) were measured using standard methods. The extract showed a significant decrease in total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, and MDA in the blood. On the other hand, HDL, CAT, and SOD increased significantly. The study demonstrates that the ethanolic extract of leaves of Houttuynia cordata Thunb., decreases blood lipid levels and lipid peroxidation. Keywords: Antihyperlipidemic, Antioxidant, Houttuynia cordata Thunb, EELHC","PeriodicalId":16706,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42578754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-15DOI: 10.18579/jopcr/v22.1.23.7
K. Dwivedi, A. Mishra, Rajesh K Singh
A polyherbal formulation consisting of Withania somnifera, Tinospora cordifolia, Moringa oleifera, Adhatoda vasica, Pipper longum, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Ocimum sanctum and Curcuma longa has been used for Covid-19 treatment empirically, which was found effective. However, toxicity data were not available for this polyherbal formulation. This study aims to assess the polyherbal formulation's oral acute and subchronic toxicity in rats. The fixed-dose approach was used to conduct the acute toxicity investigation on 6 female Wistar rats for the treatment group and 5 female Wistar rats for the control group. A single dosage of this polyherbal formulation weighing 2,000 mg/kg was administered orally to the test group. At the end of the investigation, no fatalities or major toxic effects were noted, and it was determined that the lethal dose 50% (LD50) of the polyherbal formulation was greater than 2,000 mg/kg. Vital organs underwent macroscopic and microscopic inspection, neither of which revealed any toxicity signs. The polyherbal formulation was given orally for 91 days during the subchronic toxicity research in dose variations: 250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg, 1,000 mg/kg, 2,000 mg/kg, and 4,000 mg/kg. The daily dose for a human is the same at the lowest level of 250 mg/kg. On physical signs and symptoms, weight growth, food intake, haematological parameters, biochemical parameters, and macroscopic and microscopic examination of organs, no major harmful effects were seen at any of these doses. These results demonstrated that the oral administration of this polyherbal formulation over the short- and long-term is safe when taken as suggested. Keywords: Ayurvedic, Polyherbal, COVID19, Acute toxicity, Subchronic Oral Toxicity
{"title":"Acute and Subchronic Toxicity and LC-MS Fingerprinting of a Polyherbal Formulation (KNDBHU) used for COVID-19 Management","authors":"K. Dwivedi, A. Mishra, Rajesh K Singh","doi":"10.18579/jopcr/v22.1.23.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18579/jopcr/v22.1.23.7","url":null,"abstract":"A polyherbal formulation consisting of Withania somnifera, Tinospora cordifolia, Moringa oleifera, Adhatoda vasica, Pipper longum, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Ocimum sanctum and Curcuma longa has been used for Covid-19 treatment empirically, which was found effective. However, toxicity data were not available for this polyherbal formulation. This study aims to assess the polyherbal formulation's oral acute and subchronic toxicity in rats. The fixed-dose approach was used to conduct the acute toxicity investigation on 6 female Wistar rats for the treatment group and 5 female Wistar rats for the control group. A single dosage of this polyherbal formulation weighing 2,000 mg/kg was administered orally to the test group. At the end of the investigation, no fatalities or major toxic effects were noted, and it was determined that the lethal dose 50% (LD50) of the polyherbal formulation was greater than 2,000 mg/kg. Vital organs underwent macroscopic and microscopic inspection, neither of which revealed any toxicity signs. The polyherbal formulation was given orally for 91 days during the subchronic toxicity research in dose variations: 250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg, 1,000 mg/kg, 2,000 mg/kg, and 4,000 mg/kg. The daily dose for a human is the same at the lowest level of 250 mg/kg. On physical signs and symptoms, weight growth, food intake, haematological parameters, biochemical parameters, and macroscopic and microscopic examination of organs, no major harmful effects were seen at any of these doses. These results demonstrated that the oral administration of this polyherbal formulation over the short- and long-term is safe when taken as suggested. Keywords: Ayurvedic, Polyherbal, COVID19, Acute toxicity, Subchronic Oral Toxicity","PeriodicalId":16706,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42096953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Herbal drugs are playing a pivotal role in the Indian medicine economy. The edible parts of plants are used to treat various types of diseases. There are many researches going on antioxidant activity, but our aim is to conduct Invitro and in-vivo comparison of antioxidant activity of various herbal plants to prove that natural antioxidants are more effective than synthetic antioxidants. Free radicals cause oxidative stress in the human body. Free radicals are substance with unpaired electrons which are ready to bind to cells and cause damage in the human body. For the inhibition of free radicals in the living organisms ethanolic extracts of five plants are used for the antioxidant activity. The extracts of six herbals, amla fruit powder (Phyllanthus emblica), Tulasi leaf powder (Ocimum tenuflorium), hibiscus leaf powder (Hibiscus rosa sinensis), coriander leaf powder (coriander sativum), lemon leaf powder (citrus limon) and the antioxidant activity of henna leaf powder (lawsonia inermis) was determined. Using the hydrogen peroxide free radical scavenging activity technique, the amount of antioxidant activity present in the plant extracts was evaluated. UV Spectroscopy was used to evaluate the strong antioxidant activity of the plant extract to the reference alpha tocopherol and vitamin C. This research will assist us in determining antioxidant activity profiles, revealing that herbals are more effective than commercially available alpha tocopherol and ascorbic acid.
{"title":"Comparison of Antioxidant activity of Various Phytopharmaceuticals","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/jpr.08.01.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/jpr.08.01.02","url":null,"abstract":"Herbal drugs are playing a pivotal role in the Indian medicine economy. The edible parts of plants are used to treat various types of diseases. There are many researches going on antioxidant activity, but our aim is to conduct Invitro and in-vivo comparison of antioxidant activity of various herbal plants to prove that natural antioxidants are more effective than synthetic antioxidants. Free radicals cause oxidative stress in the human body. Free radicals are substance with unpaired electrons which are ready to bind to cells and cause damage in the human body. For the inhibition of free radicals in the living organisms ethanolic extracts of five plants are used for the antioxidant activity. The extracts of six herbals, amla fruit powder (Phyllanthus emblica), Tulasi leaf powder (Ocimum tenuflorium), hibiscus leaf powder (Hibiscus rosa sinensis), coriander leaf powder (coriander sativum), lemon leaf powder (citrus limon) and the antioxidant activity of henna leaf powder (lawsonia inermis) was determined. Using the hydrogen peroxide free radical scavenging activity technique, the amount of antioxidant activity present in the plant extracts was evaluated. UV Spectroscopy was used to evaluate the strong antioxidant activity of the plant extract to the reference alpha tocopherol and vitamin C. This research will assist us in determining antioxidant activity profiles, revealing that herbals are more effective than commercially available alpha tocopherol and ascorbic acid.","PeriodicalId":16706,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44861874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: A logistics management information system is a mechanism of recording and reporting that captures, analyzes, and displays logistics data. It works well if trained and skilled people record, analyze, manage, validate and use at all levels to make informed logistics decisions thus prevent shortages of commodities. Objective: To assess the logistics management information system performance for laboratory commodities in the case of public health facilities of West Shoa zone, Oromia regional state, Ethiopia Methods: A facility based concurrent explanatory mixed-method design was employed to assess the logistic management information system performance for laboratory commodities in public health facilities of West Shoa zone, Oromia regional state, Ethiopia from June 2021 to July 2021. Twenty health facilities were selected by using simple random sampling and purposely. Data were collected by reviewing logistic management information system tools. Data were checked for its completeness, coded, and entered into a statistical package for social sciences version 23 and analyzed using descriptive (percentage and frequency table) and inferential statistics (chi-square test). An in-depth interview was carried out to explore the challenges to logistic management information system performance and thematically analyzed. Results: Logistic management information system tools availability ranges from 30-100% with utilization ranges from 15-95%. Data quality like timeliness and completeness of the reports were 80% and 75% with 80% facility reporting rate. A significant association was observed between IFRR completeness and training pattern ꭓ2 (1, N = 109) = 4.127, P = 0.041, experience ꭓ2 (2, N = 109) = 12.203, P = 0.002, supervision ꭓ2 (5, N = 109) = 17.07, P = .004, and feedback ꭓ2 (4, N = 109) = 10.037, P = 0.04. Staff turnover, workload, and inadequate manpower were major challenges identified. Conclusion: The availability and utilization of logistic management information system tools need an improvement. Data quality like bin card accuracy, timeliness, and completeness still need focus. Staff turnover, lack of commitment, workload and inadequate manpower were the challenges identified.
{"title":"Logistics management information system performance for laboratory commodities in public health facilities of west Shoa zone, Oromia regional state, Ethiopia: A facility-based concurrent explanatory mixed-method design","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/jpr.08.01.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/jpr.08.01.06","url":null,"abstract":"Background: A logistics management information system is a mechanism of recording and reporting that captures, analyzes, and displays logistics data. It works well if trained and skilled people record, analyze, manage, validate and use at all levels to make informed logistics decisions thus prevent shortages of commodities. Objective: To assess the logistics management information system performance for laboratory commodities in the case of public health facilities of West Shoa zone, Oromia regional state, Ethiopia Methods: A facility based concurrent explanatory mixed-method design was employed to assess the logistic management information system performance for laboratory commodities in public health facilities of West Shoa zone, Oromia regional state, Ethiopia from June 2021 to July 2021. Twenty health facilities were selected by using simple random sampling and purposely. Data were collected by reviewing logistic management information system tools. Data were checked for its completeness, coded, and entered into a statistical package for social sciences version 23 and analyzed using descriptive (percentage and frequency table) and inferential statistics (chi-square test). An in-depth interview was carried out to explore the challenges to logistic management information system performance and thematically analyzed. Results: Logistic management information system tools availability ranges from 30-100% with utilization ranges from 15-95%. Data quality like timeliness and completeness of the reports were 80% and 75% with 80% facility reporting rate. A significant association was observed between IFRR completeness and training pattern ꭓ2 (1, N = 109) = 4.127, P = 0.041, experience ꭓ2 (2, N = 109) = 12.203, P = 0.002, supervision ꭓ2 (5, N = 109) = 17.07, P = .004, and feedback ꭓ2 (4, N = 109) = 10.037, P = 0.04. Staff turnover, workload, and inadequate manpower were major challenges identified. Conclusion: The availability and utilization of logistic management information system tools need an improvement. Data quality like bin card accuracy, timeliness, and completeness still need focus. Staff turnover, lack of commitment, workload and inadequate manpower were the challenges identified.","PeriodicalId":16706,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42427762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shaher Murad, Jamil Ahmed Lakhair, Z. H. Tanveer, I. Siddiqui, A. Fatah, Imtenan Sharif, Ajaz Fatima
Medicinal plants have a long history of usage and today, they are being extensively used for various diseases. There are several reasons for increasing the use of medicinal plants. Many plants from different parts of the world have been investigated for hypolipidemic effects. Based on strong epidemiological evidence on the relationship between high LDL-C and an increased risk of CVD, treatment and control of elevated LDL-C are as primary goals of CVD prevention in guidelines. In the meantime, both epidemiological and experimental studies confirm the protective effect of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) on the onset of CAD despite LDL-C level, owing to the reverse cholesterol transport process of HDL-C. However, in recent decades, some researchers assert that other newer lipid measurements, including non-HDL-C, apolipoprotein (apo)A-I, apoB, and lipid ratios, are superior to traditional LDL-C in predicting adverse outcomes in general population. Some researchers even suggest that apoB can replace the standard “lipid profile” as a target for motoring and therapy in at-risk patients. High plasma lipids interact with free radicals in human body leading to develop coronary artery disease. We in this study have compared hypolipidemic effects of Fenugreek, Curcuma longa, and Lemon. Study was conducted at Jinnah Hospital Lahore-Pakistan from January 2018 to May 2018. Ninety hyperlipidemic patients of age group 19 to 70 were included in the study. Exclusion criteria were diabetic, alcoholic additives, hypertensive patients and those whose kidney or liver functions were impaired. Consent was taken from all participants. Their base line lipid profile was taken in biochemistry laboratory of the hospital. They were divided in three groups i.e. 30 patients in each group. Group-I was advised to take 500 mg of Curcuma longa (haldi) mixed in fresh milk without cream, thrice daily for two months. Group-II patients were advised to take 100 grams of Fenugreek leaves mixed with salad in each meal (thrice daily) for the period of two months. Group-III patients were advised to take 40 ml of fresh lemon juice mixed with 40 ml mineral water thrice daily for two months. They all were advised not to take heavy meal rich with any type of fat like junk food etc. One hour daily brisk walk was advised to all participants. 15 days follow up visit was scheduled for them. After two months their lipid profile was re-determined. When results were compiled and statistically analyzed by applying paired ‘t’ test, it revealed that Curcuma longa decreased total cholesterol, TG, LDL cholesterol 16.10, 20.01, and 17.59 mg/dl respectively. Fenugreek decreased total cholesterol, TGs, and LDL cholesterol 14.70, 17.33, and 17.06 mg/dl respectively. Lemon in two months therapy decreased total cholesterol, TGs, and LDL cholesterol 15.45, 10.13, and 11.97 mg/dl respectively. None of the above-mentioned herbs raised HDL cholesterol significantly. It was concluded from this research wo
{"title":"Curcumin from turmeric is an extremely efficient agent in increasing cholesterol uptake by the liver cells","authors":"Shaher Murad, Jamil Ahmed Lakhair, Z. H. Tanveer, I. Siddiqui, A. Fatah, Imtenan Sharif, Ajaz Fatima","doi":"10.33140/jpr.08.01.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/jpr.08.01.01","url":null,"abstract":"Medicinal plants have a long history of usage and today, they are being extensively used for various diseases. There are several reasons for increasing the use of medicinal plants. Many plants from different parts of the world have been investigated for hypolipidemic effects. Based on strong epidemiological evidence on the relationship between high LDL-C and an increased risk of CVD, treatment and control of elevated LDL-C are as primary goals of CVD prevention in guidelines. In the meantime, both epidemiological and experimental studies confirm the protective effect of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) on the onset of CAD despite LDL-C level, owing to the reverse cholesterol transport process of HDL-C. However, in recent decades, some researchers assert that other newer lipid measurements, including non-HDL-C, apolipoprotein (apo)A-I, apoB, and lipid ratios, are superior to traditional LDL-C in predicting adverse outcomes in general population. Some researchers even suggest that apoB can replace the standard “lipid profile” as a target for motoring and therapy in at-risk patients. High plasma lipids interact with free radicals in human body leading to develop coronary artery disease. We in this study have compared hypolipidemic effects of Fenugreek, Curcuma longa, and Lemon. Study was conducted at Jinnah Hospital Lahore-Pakistan from January 2018 to May 2018. Ninety hyperlipidemic patients of age group 19 to 70 were included in the study. Exclusion criteria were diabetic, alcoholic additives, hypertensive patients and those whose kidney or liver functions were impaired. Consent was taken from all participants. Their base line lipid profile was taken in biochemistry laboratory of the hospital. They were divided in three groups i.e. 30 patients in each group. Group-I was advised to take 500 mg of Curcuma longa (haldi) mixed in fresh milk without cream, thrice daily for two months. Group-II patients were advised to take 100 grams of Fenugreek leaves mixed with salad in each meal (thrice daily) for the period of two months. Group-III patients were advised to take 40 ml of fresh lemon juice mixed with 40 ml mineral water thrice daily for two months. They all were advised not to take heavy meal rich with any type of fat like junk food etc. One hour daily brisk walk was advised to all participants. 15 days follow up visit was scheduled for them. After two months their lipid profile was re-determined. When results were compiled and statistically analyzed by applying paired ‘t’ test, it revealed that Curcuma longa decreased total cholesterol, TG, LDL cholesterol 16.10, 20.01, and 17.59 mg/dl respectively. Fenugreek decreased total cholesterol, TGs, and LDL cholesterol 14.70, 17.33, and 17.06 mg/dl respectively. Lemon in two months therapy decreased total cholesterol, TGs, and LDL cholesterol 15.45, 10.13, and 11.97 mg/dl respectively. None of the above-mentioned herbs raised HDL cholesterol significantly. It was concluded from this research wo","PeriodicalId":16706,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48488546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The well-functioning pharmaceutical logistics system to deliver medicines, vaccines and other health products are critical to the provision of health services. The study aims to determine the association and magnitude of determinant factors with performance of integrated pharmaceuticals logistics system among public health facilities in Harari Regional State of Ethiopia. The study used cross-sectional descriptive study and explanatory research designs and structured questionnaire were adapted from Logistics Indicator Assessment Tool (LIAT) to collect data. Descriptive statistics was used to describe the public health facility performance data and binary logistics regression was done by using SPSS version 27. Data were complemented with documentary analysis, description of internal processes and logistics registrations. Findings from this study indicate that management ownership level of the system with β value 3.961, [AOR -19.373 in 95% CI (3.765, 116.271), P = 0.001], and health facility staff skill level with β of value 2.109, [AOR - 8.241, 95% CI (3.703, 81.336), P = 0.005], have positive associations with integrated pharmaceuticals logistics system performance. But, the health facility service volume has no significant association with the performance of integrated pharmaceutical logistics system. The hypothesis proposed were accepted for both health facility staff’s skills and management ownership of the system while the hypothesis proposed for health facility service volume is rejected as it has no significant effect on the performance. The study found that the health facility staff skill and management ownership have significant effect on integrated pharmaceutical logistics system implementation. The major factors for health professional under optimal skill were poor management support, staff insufficiency, and a poor skill transfer mechanism.
{"title":"Determinants of Integrated Pharmaceutical Logistics System Performance in Ethiopian Public Health Facilities at Harari Regional State, Ethiopia","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/jpr.08.01.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/jpr.08.01.03","url":null,"abstract":"The well-functioning pharmaceutical logistics system to deliver medicines, vaccines and other health products are critical to the provision of health services. The study aims to determine the association and magnitude of determinant factors with performance of integrated pharmaceuticals logistics system among public health facilities in Harari Regional State of Ethiopia. The study used cross-sectional descriptive study and explanatory research designs and structured questionnaire were adapted from Logistics Indicator Assessment Tool (LIAT) to collect data. Descriptive statistics was used to describe the public health facility performance data and binary logistics regression was done by using SPSS version 27. Data were complemented with documentary analysis, description of internal processes and logistics registrations. Findings from this study indicate that management ownership level of the system with β value 3.961, [AOR -19.373 in 95% CI (3.765, 116.271), P = 0.001], and health facility staff skill level with β of value 2.109, [AOR - 8.241, 95% CI (3.703, 81.336), P = 0.005], have positive associations with integrated pharmaceuticals logistics system performance. But, the health facility service volume has no significant association with the performance of integrated pharmaceutical logistics system. The hypothesis proposed were accepted for both health facility staff’s skills and management ownership of the system while the hypothesis proposed for health facility service volume is rejected as it has no significant effect on the performance. The study found that the health facility staff skill and management ownership have significant effect on integrated pharmaceutical logistics system implementation. The major factors for health professional under optimal skill were poor management support, staff insufficiency, and a poor skill transfer mechanism.","PeriodicalId":16706,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45432335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a serious and in some cases life threatening infection accounting for numerous deaths annually The virus can be transmitted through sexual contact or exchange of bodily fluids. Progression to a chronic infection is age dependent with 90% of newborns of HBeAg-positive mothers developing a chronic infection. The risk is lowest with adults, with only <5% of adults progressing into a chronic infection. The goal of treatment is to prevent disease progression and further chronic HBV related complications like cirrhosis, hepatic failure, and cancer. The 2018 AASLD practice guidelines recommends the following preferred drugs: Pegylated interferon alpha 2a, Entecavir, Tenofovir dipivoxil fumarate, Tenofovir alafenamide in treatment of chronic Hepatitis B (CHB). There are several other non-preferred drugs used to treat CHB infection. The aim of this study was to review the current published literature recommending use based on genetic test results. Ongoing research has shown that pharmacogenomics can play a pivotal role in treatment efficacy and safety of HBV medications.
{"title":"Literature Review: Role of Pharmacogenetics in the Treatment of HBV","authors":"Chelsea Schneider, Solmaz Karimi, Kristi Bears","doi":"10.33140/jpr.08.01.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/jpr.08.01.05","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a serious and in some cases life threatening infection accounting for numerous deaths annually The virus can be transmitted through sexual contact or exchange of bodily fluids. Progression to a chronic infection is age dependent with 90% of newborns of HBeAg-positive mothers developing a chronic infection. The risk is lowest with adults, with only <5% of adults progressing into a chronic infection. The goal of treatment is to prevent disease progression and further chronic HBV related complications like cirrhosis, hepatic failure, and cancer. The 2018 AASLD practice guidelines recommends the following preferred drugs: Pegylated interferon alpha 2a, Entecavir, Tenofovir dipivoxil fumarate, Tenofovir alafenamide in treatment of chronic Hepatitis B (CHB). There are several other non-preferred drugs used to treat CHB infection. The aim of this study was to review the current published literature recommending use based on genetic test results. Ongoing research has shown that pharmacogenomics can play a pivotal role in treatment efficacy and safety of HBV medications.","PeriodicalId":16706,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42556626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Testosterone is a male hormone which is being manufactured in pharmaceutical industry for many years. Testosterone is the primary sex hormone and anabolic steroid in males. It is also used as a drug to treat male hypogonadism, gender dysphoria, bone loss, certain types of breast cancer, prostate cancer and hypersexuality [01]. It may also be used to increase athletic ability in the form of doping. Most of the time the current manufacturing routes start from 4 androstene 3,17 dione which is chemically converted to Testosterone by a reduction reaction. In this article we present the development of a second-generation route towards Testosterone via Biocatalysis, using an oxidoreductase enzyme. This results in a more sustainable API Testosterone. The overall PMI decreases from 69 to 44. Consequently, the enzymatic route reduces the environmental impact based on material use by 36%. Via proteomics principles we have been able to develop a generally applicable in-house analysis/method to prove absence of residual enzyme with a detection limit as low as 1 ppm.
{"title":"Development of a second-generation Testosterone synthesis route via biocatalysis","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/jpr.08.01.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/jpr.08.01.04","url":null,"abstract":"Testosterone is a male hormone which is being manufactured in pharmaceutical industry for many years. Testosterone is the primary sex hormone and anabolic steroid in males. It is also used as a drug to treat male hypogonadism, gender dysphoria, bone loss, certain types of breast cancer, prostate cancer and hypersexuality [01]. It may also be used to increase athletic ability in the form of doping. Most of the time the current manufacturing routes start from 4 androstene 3,17 dione which is chemically converted to Testosterone by a reduction reaction. In this article we present the development of a second-generation route towards Testosterone via Biocatalysis, using an oxidoreductase enzyme. This results in a more sustainable API Testosterone. The overall PMI decreases from 69 to 44. Consequently, the enzymatic route reduces the environmental impact based on material use by 36%. Via proteomics principles we have been able to develop a generally applicable in-house analysis/method to prove absence of residual enzyme with a detection limit as low as 1 ppm.","PeriodicalId":16706,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"208 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135422671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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