Pub Date : 2022-04-21DOI: 10.52716/jprs.v12i1(suppl.).619
Salar S. Hasan Al Karadaghi
Khanuqah structure area carried as the geophysics exploration study of Jeribe Formation target, the area located in the north of Iraq within Salah Aldeen Governorate, has been used geophysical data represented by 2D seismic lines were executed as exploratory surveys of 27 seismic lines, the data interpretations used by Petrel software (version 2018) based on the required aims, which are determined to achieve an update the structural model in Jeribe Fn. as a gas reservoir.The results show the Khanaqah structure includes five domes, the general direction of the structure axis is northwest-southeast, a gradient of its slope from the northwest structurally higher to the southwestern part structurally lower, the southeastern part of the study area is an open basin that increases the level of depth lines relative to the mentioned part.Seismic sections showed at the locations of structural domes the phenomenon of inter-spacing of seismic reflectors as tuning phenomena in reservoirs within Jeribe Fn. reservoir which is a direct index of the gas presence. To ensure tracking of extensions phenomena as a director for a gas presence, the seismic interpretations used a new technique by convert 2D seismic lines to 3D seismic cube through the reflections specifications publication of the khanaqah area, that shows the concerning of gaseous presence in the Khanaouqa-1 well and its disappearance in the Khanaouqa-2 well, it indicates the relationship between the location of the two wells at the structure, since Khanaouqa-1 well is structurally shallower than the Khanaouqa-2 well, which means that the well of Khanaouqa-2 is outside the scope of the gas patch, this was confirmed by the 3D seismic cube derived that showed the phenomenon presence on the site of Khanoqa-1 and did not appear in Khanoqa-2.Due to the importance of developing the Khanuqah structure as a worthy gas field, the research recommended drilling an exploratory well at the location of dome- B, whose coordinated in the study area penetrating the Euphrates Fn. bearing in mind that Khanuqa-1 did not locate on the center site of the domes nor on the center site of the direct phenomenon as evidence of the gas existence.
{"title":"Exploratory Seismic Geophysical Study of the Khanuqah Structure Area","authors":"Salar S. Hasan Al Karadaghi","doi":"10.52716/jprs.v12i1(suppl.).619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52716/jprs.v12i1(suppl.).619","url":null,"abstract":"Khanuqah structure area carried as the geophysics exploration study of Jeribe Formation target, the area located in the north of Iraq within Salah Aldeen Governorate, has been used geophysical data represented by 2D seismic lines were executed as exploratory surveys of 27 seismic lines, the data interpretations used by Petrel software (version 2018) based on the required aims, which are determined to achieve an update the structural model in Jeribe Fn. as a gas reservoir.The results show the Khanaqah structure includes five domes, the general direction of the structure axis is northwest-southeast, a gradient of its slope from the northwest structurally higher to the southwestern part structurally lower, the southeastern part of the study area is an open basin that increases the level of depth lines relative to the mentioned part.Seismic sections showed at the locations of structural domes the phenomenon of inter-spacing of seismic reflectors as tuning phenomena in reservoirs within Jeribe Fn. reservoir which is a direct index of the gas presence. To ensure tracking of extensions phenomena as a director for a gas presence, the seismic interpretations used a new technique by convert 2D seismic lines to 3D seismic cube through the reflections specifications publication of the khanaqah area, that shows the concerning of gaseous presence in the Khanaouqa-1 well and its disappearance in the Khanaouqa-2 well, it indicates the relationship between the location of the two wells at the structure, since Khanaouqa-1 well is structurally shallower than the Khanaouqa-2 well, which means that the well of Khanaouqa-2 is outside the scope of the gas patch, this was confirmed by the 3D seismic cube derived that showed the phenomenon presence on the site of Khanoqa-1 and did not appear in Khanoqa-2.Due to the importance of developing the Khanuqah structure as a worthy gas field, the research recommended drilling an exploratory well at the location of dome- B, whose coordinated in the study area penetrating the Euphrates Fn. bearing in mind that Khanuqa-1 did not locate on the center site of the domes nor on the center site of the direct phenomenon as evidence of the gas existence.","PeriodicalId":16710,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78348144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-21DOI: 10.52716/jprs.v12i1(suppl.).637
Karrar Ayad Mohammed
The consequences of corrosion in the crude oil refining process cannot be ignored due to the damage caused by the corrosion of oil equipment, and the serious losses that result from that. Therefore, in this research, methods of controlling the occurrence of corrosion in the crude oil refining unit in the Najaf refinery for four types of crude oil - API (28, 28.2, 29.2, and 30.2) were studied. Chemicals were added in different quantities and types before and during the crude oil refining process to the atmospheric distillation unit, where it was found that these chemicals have the ability to make a media within the limits of pH from 5.5 to 6.5, where the corrosion became little or no. Also, an anti-corrosion chemical was added, which reduced the incidence of corrosion in the overhead systems of crude oil refining equipment. In addition to treating the crude oil using desalter before refining it, where the mud and dirt and a large proportion of the salts in the emulsified water were removed from crude oil. The best results obtained were pH (6, 6, 5.7, and 5.5) and the percentage of iron ions Fe+2 ( 0.8, 1, 1.5, and 2.1) for four types of refined crude oil at using pump dosages for inhibitor (2.5, 2, 3.5 and 3.5), caustic soda (4, 6, 8, and 8) and neutralizer (2, 2.5, 3, and 3). This practical study showed the importance of adding chemicals in different quantities, as well as electrical and thermal treatment in controlling and preventing corrosion of oil equipment in the crude oil refining unit.
{"title":"Corrosion Control Mechanisms and the Effect of pH on Corrosion in the Crude Oil Refining Process","authors":"Karrar Ayad Mohammed","doi":"10.52716/jprs.v12i1(suppl.).637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52716/jprs.v12i1(suppl.).637","url":null,"abstract":"The consequences of corrosion in the crude oil refining process cannot be ignored due to the damage caused by the corrosion of oil equipment, and the serious losses that result from that. Therefore, in this research, methods of controlling the occurrence of corrosion in the crude oil refining unit in the Najaf refinery for four types of crude oil - API (28, 28.2, 29.2, and 30.2) were studied. Chemicals were added in different quantities and types before and during the crude oil refining process to the atmospheric distillation unit, where it was found that these chemicals have the ability to make a media within the limits of pH from 5.5 to 6.5, where the corrosion became little or no. Also, an anti-corrosion chemical was added, which reduced the incidence of corrosion in the overhead systems of crude oil refining equipment. In addition to treating the crude oil using desalter before refining it, where the mud and dirt and a large proportion of the salts in the emulsified water were removed from crude oil. The best results obtained were pH (6, 6, 5.7, and 5.5) and the percentage of iron ions Fe+2 ( 0.8, 1, 1.5, and 2.1) for four types of refined crude oil at using pump dosages for inhibitor (2.5, 2, 3.5 and 3.5), caustic soda (4, 6, 8, and 8) and neutralizer (2, 2.5, 3, and 3). This practical study showed the importance of adding chemicals in different quantities, as well as electrical and thermal treatment in controlling and preventing corrosion of oil equipment in the crude oil refining unit.","PeriodicalId":16710,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74901502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-21DOI: 10.52716/jprs.v12i1(suppl.).633
Baqir Nasser Abdul- Samed
This work addresses using the autonomous quadrotor or unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for surveillance of oil fields, Facilities and pipelines since that can be very costly and dangerous specially in dangerous zones. This topic is very important because of the money consuming to repair and protect these oil facilities. Quadrotors are very small Vertical take-off landing (VTOL) helicopter, cheap, easy to use and has many other fields of applications. Quadrotor’s dynamic model involves nonlinearity, uncertainties, and coupling which makes the Quadrotor has a very complex system. PID controllers are proposed for controlling the quadrotor altitude through different environments during different missions. To drive the quadrotor to follow the desired trajectory pure pursuit algorithm (PPA) will be use. The simulation results will be pretested using the visual simulator named Gazebo with the aid of ROS to connected with the MATLAB to show the movement of the quadrotor insides different environments.
{"title":"Oil Facilities Surveillance Using an Autonomous Quadrotor","authors":"Baqir Nasser Abdul- Samed","doi":"10.52716/jprs.v12i1(suppl.).633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52716/jprs.v12i1(suppl.).633","url":null,"abstract":"This work addresses using the autonomous quadrotor or unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for surveillance of oil fields, Facilities and pipelines since that can be very costly and dangerous specially in dangerous zones. This topic is very important because of the money consuming to repair and protect these oil facilities. Quadrotors are very small Vertical take-off landing (VTOL) helicopter, cheap, easy to use and has many other fields of applications. Quadrotor’s dynamic model involves nonlinearity, uncertainties, and coupling which makes the Quadrotor has a very complex system. PID controllers are proposed for controlling the quadrotor altitude through different environments during different missions. To drive the quadrotor to follow the desired trajectory pure pursuit algorithm (PPA) will be use. The simulation results will be pretested using the visual simulator named Gazebo with the aid of ROS to connected with the MATLAB to show the movement of the quadrotor insides different environments.","PeriodicalId":16710,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89680884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-21DOI: 10.52716/jprs.v12i1(suppl.).618
Haider Ahmed Falih, Ali H. Hejooj
The current study focused on the phenomenon of the outbreak of fires and their causes in Al-Ruhban Oasis in terms of geologically, its economic importance and its environmental dimensions from the point of view of the Oil Exploration Company, depending on geological and geophysical information, laboratory analyzes and geochemical surveys that were carried out at the site of the phenomenon and the surrounding areas.The region was affected by major fault systems of the usual type that reach the surface, that this type of fault reflects the region’s influence by structural forces represented by the vertical lifting movements of the basement dislocation, in addition to the marking of secondary faults that affected the shallow deflectors, and that these faults The secondary reflects that the region has been affected by other structural forces that have revitalized the old faults.Laboratory analyzes of soil models at the site of the phenomenon and the surrounding areas indicated a clear discrepancy in the amount of pollution, as the surface models recorded very few percentages compared to the subsurface models that recorded the highest pollution values, where the highest values of hydrocarbon pollution were recorded, which indicates that hydrocarbon emissions have subsurface roots and that they are not only caused by surface pollution factors. Migratory hydrocarbon emissions from effective source rocks in the region or from potential oil and/or gas deposits in the region is one of the most important causes of fires in the Oasis of Al-Ruhban and is a direct indication of hydrocarbon presence.
{"title":"Geological Study for the Outbreak of Fires Phenomenon in Al-Ruhban Oasis, An-Najaf Al-Ashraf","authors":"Haider Ahmed Falih, Ali H. Hejooj","doi":"10.52716/jprs.v12i1(suppl.).618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52716/jprs.v12i1(suppl.).618","url":null,"abstract":"The current study focused on the phenomenon of the outbreak of fires and their causes in Al-Ruhban Oasis in terms of geologically, its economic importance and its environmental dimensions from the point of view of the Oil Exploration Company, depending on geological and geophysical information, laboratory analyzes and geochemical surveys that were carried out at the site of the phenomenon and the surrounding areas.The region was affected by major fault systems of the usual type that reach the surface, that this type of fault reflects the region’s influence by structural forces represented by the vertical lifting movements of the basement dislocation, in addition to the marking of secondary faults that affected the shallow deflectors, and that these faults The secondary reflects that the region has been affected by other structural forces that have revitalized the old faults.Laboratory analyzes of soil models at the site of the phenomenon and the surrounding areas indicated a clear discrepancy in the amount of pollution, as the surface models recorded very few percentages compared to the subsurface models that recorded the highest pollution values, where the highest values of hydrocarbon pollution were recorded, which indicates that hydrocarbon emissions have subsurface roots and that they are not only caused by surface pollution factors. Migratory hydrocarbon emissions from effective source rocks in the region or from potential oil and/or gas deposits in the region is one of the most important causes of fires in the Oasis of Al-Ruhban and is a direct indication of hydrocarbon presence.","PeriodicalId":16710,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76355605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-21DOI: 10.52716/jprs.v12i1(suppl.).642
ختام حاتم الجبوري, محمد عباس محسن, ابراهيم سكران
تعد الثروة النفطية احدى المقومات الاساسية في البلدان التي تمتلك تلك الثروة ويعتبر العراق ثالث اكبر البلدان التي تمتلك ثروة نفطية بعد المملكة العربية السعودية والولايات المتحدة الامريكية والذي يشكل النفط اكثر من 95))% في موازنته العامة، الا ان الاعتماد المفرط على هذه الثروة في تمويل اقتصاداتها جعلها تتسم بالريعية اذ تختلف تأثيرات تقلبات اسعار النفط على البلدان المصدرة بحسب نسبة مساهمتها في الناتج المحلي الاجمالي اذ نجد البلدان التي تكون ذات اقتصاد احادي الجانب تكون اكثر عرضة لتقلبات اسعار النفط وما لهذه التقلبات من تأثيرات كبيرة على ارتفاع الاسعار بشكل عام وحدوث التضخم الذي يكون ارتفاع الاسعار فيه بشكل مستمر ويعتبر التضخم احد متغيرات الاقتصاد الكلي الذي يتأثر بشكل كبير بالتقلبات التي تحدث بأسعار النفط والذي يؤثر بالاقتصاد بشكل واضح، وعلى هذا الاساس ركز البحث على ايضاح تأثير التغيرات او التقلبات التي تحدث في اسعار النفط على احدى متغيرات الاقتصاد الكلي وهو التضخم، اكد البحث بضرورة تنويع مصادر الموازنة وعدم الاعتماد على مورد واحد ريعي وهو النفط بضرورة تبني سياسات اقتصادية تتلاءم مع دور القطاع النفطي في الاقتصاد العراقي وتخفيض معدلات التضخم من خلال تبني سياسة اقتصادية ملائمة.
{"title":"قياس وتحليل أثر الايرادات النفطيـــة في معدلات التضخـــــــم في الاقتصاد العراقي للمدة (1990 – 2015)","authors":"ختام حاتم الجبوري, محمد عباس محسن, ابراهيم سكران","doi":"10.52716/jprs.v12i1(suppl.).642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52716/jprs.v12i1(suppl.).642","url":null,"abstract":"تعد الثروة النفطية احدى المقومات الاساسية في البلدان التي تمتلك تلك الثروة ويعتبر العراق ثالث اكبر البلدان التي تمتلك ثروة نفطية بعد المملكة العربية السعودية والولايات المتحدة الامريكية والذي يشكل النفط اكثر من 95))% في موازنته العامة، الا ان الاعتماد المفرط على هذه الثروة في تمويل اقتصاداتها جعلها تتسم بالريعية اذ تختلف تأثيرات تقلبات اسعار النفط على البلدان المصدرة بحسب نسبة مساهمتها في الناتج المحلي الاجمالي اذ نجد البلدان التي تكون ذات اقتصاد احادي الجانب تكون اكثر عرضة لتقلبات اسعار النفط وما لهذه التقلبات من تأثيرات كبيرة على ارتفاع الاسعار بشكل عام وحدوث التضخم الذي يكون ارتفاع الاسعار فيه بشكل مستمر ويعتبر التضخم احد متغيرات الاقتصاد الكلي الذي يتأثر بشكل كبير بالتقلبات التي تحدث بأسعار النفط والذي يؤثر بالاقتصاد بشكل واضح، وعلى هذا الاساس ركز البحث على ايضاح تأثير التغيرات او التقلبات التي تحدث في اسعار النفط على احدى متغيرات الاقتصاد الكلي وهو التضخم، اكد البحث بضرورة تنويع مصادر الموازنة وعدم الاعتماد على مورد واحد ريعي وهو النفط بضرورة تبني سياسات اقتصادية تتلاءم مع دور القطاع النفطي في الاقتصاد العراقي وتخفيض معدلات التضخم من خلال تبني سياسة اقتصادية ملائمة.","PeriodicalId":16710,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81260494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-21DOI: 10.52716/jprs.v12i1(suppl.).634
Seaar Al-Dabooni, Hussein Abdul Shaheed Al-Shawi
The turbine units are at the forefront of equipment in the process of pumping crude oil and exporting it to the oil ports, where there are many types of turbines used in different sites of Iraqi stations whether pumping oil stations or electrical power production stations. One of the most important types of turbines is the gas turbine, which is frequently used in oil depots. One of the remarkable depots in Iraq is Zubair-1 / Basra that exports around 850,000 barrels per day (B/D). Therefore, Zubair-1 should continue pumping the crude oil 24/7, which has five gas turbines (three Rolls-Royce AVON MK 1533 and two Siemens SGT 400). However, the three Rolls-Royce gas turbines in Zubair-1 have not worked in the summer season since 2016, when the ambient temperature goes high around 11:00 am to 3:30 pm. This paper proposes solution to solve a high exhaust temperature (EGT) shutdown signal (a preventing running turbine signal) without effect on the sequence of turbine running stages. The proposal is adding a fuzzy inference system (FIS) that controls the gas turbine in the first two running stages that demonstrates and controls of speed the turbine from 800 RPM to 3000 RPM. The inputs of FIS are the average temperature of eight combustion chambers (exhaust temperatures) and the speed of the gas turbine, while the output of FIS is the control signal to the flow control valve (FCV) with an amplifier to gain the signal. The FIS proposal has been applied in all three Rolls-Royce jet pumping turbines since April 7, 2021, and they work regularly at all times of the day. The FIS minimizes the maximum average of combustion chambers temperature at midafternoon in June 9, 2021 (48 ˚C ambience temperature) from 689 ˚C to 610 ˚C that means the improvement is around 45%.
{"title":"Using Fuzzy Inference System in Gas Turbine to Overcome a High Exhaust Temperature Problem","authors":"Seaar Al-Dabooni, Hussein Abdul Shaheed Al-Shawi","doi":"10.52716/jprs.v12i1(suppl.).634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52716/jprs.v12i1(suppl.).634","url":null,"abstract":"The turbine units are at the forefront of equipment in the process of pumping crude oil and exporting it to the oil ports, where there are many types of turbines used in different sites of Iraqi stations whether pumping oil stations or electrical power production stations. One of the most important types of turbines is the gas turbine, which is frequently used in oil depots. One of the remarkable depots in Iraq is Zubair-1 / Basra that exports around 850,000 barrels per day (B/D). Therefore, Zubair-1 should continue pumping the crude oil 24/7, which has five gas turbines (three Rolls-Royce AVON MK 1533 and two Siemens SGT 400). However, the three Rolls-Royce gas turbines in Zubair-1 have not worked in the summer season since 2016, when the ambient temperature goes high around 11:00 am to 3:30 pm. This paper proposes solution to solve a high exhaust temperature (EGT) shutdown signal (a preventing running turbine signal) without effect on the sequence of turbine running stages. The proposal is adding a fuzzy inference system (FIS) that controls the gas turbine in the first two running stages that demonstrates and controls of speed the turbine from 800 RPM to 3000 RPM. The inputs of FIS are the average temperature of eight combustion chambers (exhaust temperatures) and the speed of the gas turbine, while the output of FIS is the control signal to the flow control valve (FCV) with an amplifier to gain the signal. \u0000The FIS proposal has been applied in all three Rolls-Royce jet pumping turbines since April 7, 2021, and they work regularly at all times of the day. The FIS minimizes the maximum average of combustion chambers temperature at midafternoon in June 9, 2021 (48 ˚C ambience temperature) from 689 ˚C to 610 ˚C that means the improvement is around 45%.","PeriodicalId":16710,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82460090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-21DOI: 10.52716/jprs.v12i1(suppl.).640
Adnan Yasser Majeed
Some non-specialists raised problems about the turbine pumping system in the Al-Faw oil depot, and it reached the Office of Internal Oversight and some deputies in Parliament, so I decided through the research to clarify the basis on which to rely on appropriate pumping systems to achieve the required operational conditions with the least energy expended And this reflected the choice of pumping systems that were chosen to work in Al -Faw oil depot. Through the research, it was found that the best way to choose oil pump systes and to save the energy used for pumping is to use the variable speed of the pump with the use of the parallel pumping system for multi pumps, which was used in the Faw oil depot.
{"title":"Save Energy in Choosing Oil Pumping Systems","authors":"Adnan Yasser Majeed","doi":"10.52716/jprs.v12i1(suppl.).640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52716/jprs.v12i1(suppl.).640","url":null,"abstract":"Some non-specialists raised problems about the turbine pumping system in the Al-Faw oil depot, and it reached the Office of Internal Oversight and some deputies in Parliament, so I decided through the research to clarify the basis on which to rely on appropriate pumping systems to achieve the required operational conditions with the least energy expended And this reflected the choice of pumping systems that were chosen to work in Al -Faw oil depot. Through the research, it was found that the best way to choose oil pump systes and to save the energy used for pumping is to use the variable speed of the pump with the use of the parallel pumping system for multi pumps, which was used in the Faw oil depot.","PeriodicalId":16710,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies","volume":"228 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77222616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-21DOI: 10.52716/jprs.v12i1(suppl.).629
S. Zaidan, H. Y. Abed, S. Hussein, H. Mousa, Basim A. Abbood
The process of ceramic or refractory surfaces coating is one of the methods used to protect the ceramic body from chemical effects resulting from operating conditions, especially in the applications that include acid gases emissions such as furnaces of petroleum refining units. A mixture of low-melting glass frit was used, reinforced with nano powders of zirconia and Partial Stabilized Zirconia with yttria (3Y-PSZ) with different additives 5wt% and 10 wt%, as well as the addition of nano-alumina for the same percentage of addition. The medium alumina refractory brick which used in lining petroleum refining units was used as a basis for coating. The coating process was implemented after mixing and preparation of a homogeneous suspension in the presence of water, then drying and sintering until glazing at a temperature of 850 oC. X-ray diffraction technique was used to show the structural characterization of the glazing, which indicated that a glass frit layer was transformed into a mixture of ceramic-glass (crystalline glass), where the crystalline structures of the nano powders were clearly visible. Surface roughness showed low values for frit added with 5wt% of (3Y-PSZ) as well as the frit to which was added 10 %wt of (3Y-PSZ with 5wt% alumina). Moreover, all samples showed clear chemical resistance against acids, including concentrated H2SO4. Thermal shock resistance varied for vitrification mixtures, but it was good for vitrified samples, adding 10%wt of (3Y-PSZ) with 5wt% alumina as well as adding silicate to the mixture, and these mixtures are considered to be the best in medium alumina refractory surfaces coating.
{"title":"Protection of Oil Refinery Furnaces Bricks Using Coatings of Nano Zirconia-Glass Composites","authors":"S. Zaidan, H. Y. Abed, S. Hussein, H. Mousa, Basim A. Abbood","doi":"10.52716/jprs.v12i1(suppl.).629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52716/jprs.v12i1(suppl.).629","url":null,"abstract":"The process of ceramic or refractory surfaces coating is one of the methods used to protect the ceramic body from chemical effects resulting from operating conditions, especially in the applications that include acid gases emissions such as furnaces of petroleum refining units. A mixture of low-melting glass frit was used, reinforced with nano powders of zirconia and Partial Stabilized Zirconia with yttria (3Y-PSZ) with different additives 5wt% and 10 wt%, as well as the addition of nano-alumina for the same percentage of addition. The medium alumina refractory brick which used in lining petroleum refining units was used as a basis for coating. \u0000The coating process was implemented after mixing and preparation of a homogeneous suspension in the presence of water, then drying and sintering until glazing at a temperature of 850 oC. X-ray diffraction technique was used to show the structural characterization of the glazing, which indicated that a glass frit layer was transformed into a mixture of ceramic-glass (crystalline glass), where the crystalline structures of the nano powders were clearly visible. Surface roughness showed low values for frit added with 5wt% of (3Y-PSZ) as well as the frit to which was added 10 %wt of (3Y-PSZ with 5wt% alumina). Moreover, all samples showed clear chemical resistance against acids, including concentrated H2SO4. Thermal shock resistance varied for vitrification mixtures, but it was good for vitrified samples, adding 10%wt of (3Y-PSZ) with 5wt% alumina as well as adding silicate to the mixture, and these mixtures are considered to be the best in medium alumina refractory surfaces coating.","PeriodicalId":16710,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90490966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-21DOI: 10.52716/jprs.v12i1(suppl.).625
Maaly S. Asad, Sameera M. Hamd-Alla
Intelligent or smart completion wells vary from conventional wells. They have downhole flow control devices like Inflow Control Devices (ICD) and Interval Control Valves (ICV) to enhance reservoir management and control, optimizing hydrocarbon output and recovery. However, to explain their adoption and increase their economic return, a high level of justification is necessary. Smart horizontal wells also necessitate optimizing the number of valves, nozzles, and compartment length. A three-dimensional geological model of the As reservoir in AG oil field was used to see the influence of these factors on cumulative oil production and NPV. After creating the dynamic model for the As reservoir using the program Petrel (2017.4), we improve the robustness of forecasting production from smart wells using reservoir simulation. High-level details in the rock and fluid flow properties are required in the horizontal well region to capture the flow dynamics accurately. Thus, the study offers an enhanced method for predicting the performance of intelligent or smart wells in reservoir modeling. This model was history matched for a period of 20 years for three horizontal wells by using program Petrel (2017.4) and ECLIPS (2011). After successful validation of model on a field scale and well level, performance prediction was carried out to see the effect of (number of valves, number of nozzle and compartment length) using PICD/AFCV completion. Optimizing well performance entails lowering water-cut. From an economic viewpoint, the goal is to maximize NPV or profit, depending on the situation, from PICD wells, which compared to other wells.
{"title":"Smart Well Modelling for As Reservoir in AG Oil Field","authors":"Maaly S. Asad, Sameera M. Hamd-Alla","doi":"10.52716/jprs.v12i1(suppl.).625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52716/jprs.v12i1(suppl.).625","url":null,"abstract":"Intelligent or smart completion wells vary from conventional wells. They have downhole flow control devices like Inflow Control Devices (ICD) and Interval Control Valves (ICV) to enhance reservoir management and control, optimizing hydrocarbon output and recovery. However, to explain their adoption and increase their economic return, a high level of justification is necessary. \u0000Smart horizontal wells also necessitate optimizing the number of valves, nozzles, and compartment length. A three-dimensional geological model of the As reservoir in AG oil field was used to see the influence of these factors on cumulative oil production and NPV. After creating the dynamic model for the As reservoir using the program Petrel (2017.4), we improve the robustness of forecasting production from smart wells using reservoir simulation. High-level details in the rock and fluid flow properties are required in the horizontal well region to capture the flow dynamics accurately. Thus, the study offers an enhanced method for predicting the performance of intelligent or smart wells in reservoir modeling. \u0000This model was history matched for a period of 20 years for three horizontal wells by using program Petrel (2017.4) and ECLIPS (2011). After successful validation of model on a field scale and well level, performance prediction was carried out to see the effect of (number of valves, number of nozzle and compartment length) using PICD/AFCV completion. Optimizing well performance entails lowering water-cut. From an economic viewpoint, the goal is to maximize NPV or profit, depending on the situation, from PICD wells, which compared to other wells.","PeriodicalId":16710,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89543792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-21DOI: 10.52716/jprs.v12i1(suppl.).630
D. B. A. Al-Tabbakh, M. Dawood
The platinum-loaded zirconium oxide (Pt/SO4-2/ZrO2) catalyst was developed for the light naphtha atoms over the reaction temperature range of 160 to 220 °C, 1 and 3 h-1 LSHV and 10 bar. Platinum improved the stability of the catalyst by preventing the formation of a coke precursor at the strong acid site of sulfur zirconium. The acidity of the catalyst was characterized by of NH3-TPD and the effect of sulfur and calcination temperature on the surface area of the final prepared zirconia was studied. The prepared catalyst shows high structural similar activity at temperature between 200 and 210°C for two types of light naphtha feed.
{"title":"Synthesis and Characterization of Sulfated Zirconia Catalyst for Light Naphtha Isomerization Process","authors":"D. B. A. Al-Tabbakh, M. Dawood","doi":"10.52716/jprs.v12i1(suppl.).630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52716/jprs.v12i1(suppl.).630","url":null,"abstract":"The platinum-loaded zirconium oxide (Pt/SO4-2/ZrO2) catalyst was developed for the light naphtha atoms over the reaction temperature range of 160 to 220 °C, 1 and 3 h-1 LSHV and 10 bar. Platinum improved the stability of the catalyst by preventing the formation of a coke precursor at the strong acid site of sulfur zirconium. The acidity of the catalyst was characterized by of NH3-TPD and the effect of sulfur and calcination temperature on the surface area of the final prepared zirconia was studied. The prepared catalyst shows high structural similar activity at temperature between 200 and 210°C for two types of light naphtha feed.","PeriodicalId":16710,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72651557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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