The crude oil binds from the oil fields to the refinery with water. This water contains dissolved salts, mostly chloride salts (CaCl2, NaCl, MgCl2), which are one of the components of the water emulsion in crude oil leading to the contamination of the crude oil. This pollution has a serious negative impact on the refinery units if left untreated, causing many Problems such as (corrosion, sedimentation, blockage of exchanger tubes and furnaces, and other problems). As a result, it is necessary to treat the crude oil salts and remove the effect of the salts by desalinating the oil at different stages during production at the wells and then in the refinery unit. Desalination is the main equipment used in the process of washing crude oil from salts using ordinary freshwater This work aims to use magnetized water as a substitute for normal water in the stage of washing crude oil salts by installing a water magnetization device with strength of (4500) gauss, at the site of the washing water injection line before the mixing valve at the desalination remover. The results showed that the magnetized water increased the efficiency and energy of the water used, reduced the deposition of salts and corrosion in the tubes of the distillation unit, as well as helped to crack the salt ions and transform its molecules into smaller particles and reduce their concentration in the crude oil.
{"title":"The Utilization of Magnetized Water for the Improvement of Crude Oil Quality","authors":"Samer N. Shatub","doi":"10.52716/jprs.v12i3.545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52716/jprs.v12i3.545","url":null,"abstract":"The crude oil binds from the oil fields to the refinery with water. This water contains dissolved salts, mostly chloride salts (CaCl2, NaCl, MgCl2), which are one of the components of the water emulsion in crude oil leading to the contamination of the crude oil. This pollution has a serious negative impact on the refinery units if left untreated, causing many Problems such as (corrosion, sedimentation, blockage of exchanger tubes and furnaces, and other problems). As a result, it is necessary to treat the crude oil salts and remove the effect of the salts by desalinating the oil at different stages during production at the wells and then in the refinery unit. Desalination is the main equipment used in the process of washing crude oil from salts using ordinary freshwater\u0000 This work aims to use magnetized water as a substitute for normal water in the stage of washing crude oil salts by installing a water magnetization device with strength of (4500) gauss, at the site of the washing water injection line before the mixing valve at the desalination remover. The results showed that the magnetized water increased the efficiency and energy of the water used, reduced the deposition of salts and corrosion in the tubes of the distillation unit, as well as helped to crack the salt ions and transform its molecules into smaller particles and reduce their concentration in the crude oil.","PeriodicalId":16710,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies","volume":"abs/2008.04278 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75596536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Khlood S. AlKhafaji, B. Al-Zaidi, Zaidoon M. Shakor, S. Hussein
The present study investigates hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of gas oil with 9300 ppm (0.93 wt%) sulfur supplied from Al-Dura Refinery by using an economic catalyst prepared from raw mineral (kaolin clay) cemented by alumina as composite support alumina meta-kaolin (AMK). Characterization of the prepared catalyst was achieved by using Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDAX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), BET surface area, pore volume , Bulk density, X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). AMK was modified as a bifunctional catalyst with active metal (Co and Mo). The hydrodesulfurization (HDS) efficiency was evaluated and compared with the traditional catalyst (CoMo-Al2O3) in a hydrotreating reaction carried out in one stage reactor at temperature 375 oC, pressure 40 bar, LHSV 1hr-1, and H2/HC ratio 200 vol. ratio. 62.2% and 90% of hydrodesulfurization efficiency were achieved for prepared catalyst (CoMo-AMK) and commercial CoMo-Al2O3 respectively at the same operating conditions.
{"title":"Comparison between Conventional and Metakaolin bi-functional Catalyst in the Hydrodesulfurization Operation","authors":"Khlood S. AlKhafaji, B. Al-Zaidi, Zaidoon M. Shakor, S. Hussein","doi":"10.52716/jprs.v12i2.658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52716/jprs.v12i2.658","url":null,"abstract":"The present study investigates hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of gas oil with 9300 ppm (0.93 wt%) sulfur supplied from Al-Dura Refinery by using an economic catalyst prepared from raw mineral (kaolin clay) cemented by alumina as composite support alumina meta-kaolin (AMK). Characterization of the prepared catalyst was achieved by using Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDAX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), BET surface area, pore volume , Bulk density, X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). AMK was modified as a bifunctional catalyst with active metal (Co and Mo). The hydrodesulfurization (HDS) efficiency was evaluated and compared with the traditional catalyst (CoMo-Al2O3) in a hydrotreating reaction carried out in one stage reactor at temperature 375 oC, pressure 40 bar, LHSV 1hr-1, and H2/HC ratio 200 vol. ratio. 62.2% and 90% of hydrodesulfurization efficiency were achieved for prepared catalyst (CoMo-AMK) and commercial CoMo-Al2O3 respectively at the same operating conditions.","PeriodicalId":16710,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies","volume":"98 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76982784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, the effect of adding zinc oxide nanoparticles to the reversible effect double tube heat exchanger with a length of 1.5 meters, an outer diameter of 19.0 mm, is made of copper material that is used by Nano water as a cold liquid. Zinc solid nanoparticles with a volume concentration of 3% were used with water as the base liquid. The cold nanoscale water flows into the real tube with a volume of 4 L/min which enters into the heat exchanger at 16°C, where the hot water flows into the separator of the heat exchanger representing a blank volume of 6 L/min. The Reynolds number range and flowrate ranges are 10000 to 20000 and 5 to 15 respectively. The heat exchanger was introduced at a temperature of 65°C. An improvement in the performance of the exchanger was shown in the case of using water with the addition of nanoparticles
{"title":"Effectiveness Enhancement of the Double Tube Heat Exchanger Using ZnO Nanofluid","authors":"H. Kadhim","doi":"10.52716/jprs.v12i2.660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52716/jprs.v12i2.660","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the effect of adding zinc oxide nanoparticles to the reversible effect double tube heat exchanger with a length of 1.5 meters, an outer diameter of 19.0 mm, is made of copper material that is used by Nano water as a cold liquid. Zinc solid nanoparticles with a volume concentration of 3% were used with water as the base liquid. The cold nanoscale water flows into the real tube with a volume of 4 L/min which enters into the heat exchanger at 16°C, where the hot water flows into the separator of the heat exchanger representing a blank volume of 6 L/min. The Reynolds number range and flowrate ranges are 10000 to 20000 and 5 to 15 respectively. The heat exchanger was introduced at a temperature of 65°C. An improvement in the performance of the exchanger was shown in the case of using water with the addition of nanoparticles","PeriodicalId":16710,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies","volume":"94 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80665161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A novel Iron ion-imprinted polymers (IIPs) was synthesized by bulk polymerization using different types of monomers such as 1-vinyl imidazole and Styrene, respectively. Molar ratios of monomer, template and cross-linking agent for polymerization, various monomers and solvents were studied to obtain the largest adsorption capacity for Iron. The prepared Iron-IIPs were characterized using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier - transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The three-dimensional network structure surfaces of Iron-IIPs are unaffected by the elution procedure. Iron ions were successfully eluted from IIPs using a mixed solution from ethanol and acetic acid. The maximum adsorption capacity of Iron-IIPs was is (514.5)µmol/g for Iron-IIP1(using styrene as a monomer) and (429.1) µmol/g for Iron-IIP2(using 1-vinyl imidazole as a monomer). The adsorption by Iron-IIPs followed a Langmuir isotherm models. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) syringe packed with ionic imprinted polymers (IIPs) were used to selective separation for Iron ion from Crude or fuel oil and digest the polymer to determination the Iron by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS) Abbreviation IIP-SPE-FAAS.
{"title":"Iron Ionic Imprinted Polymers IIps for Separation and Preconcentration of Iron from Crude and Fuel Oil","authors":"H. Mohsen, Y. K. Al-bayati, R. Jalil","doi":"10.52716/jprs.v12i2.656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52716/jprs.v12i2.656","url":null,"abstract":"A novel Iron ion-imprinted polymers (IIPs) was synthesized by bulk polymerization using different types of monomers such as 1-vinyl imidazole and Styrene, respectively. Molar ratios of monomer, template and cross-linking agent for polymerization, various monomers and solvents were studied to obtain the largest adsorption capacity for Iron. The prepared Iron-IIPs were characterized using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier - transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM).\u0000 The three-dimensional network structure surfaces of Iron-IIPs are unaffected by the elution procedure. Iron ions were successfully eluted from IIPs using a mixed solution from ethanol and acetic acid. The maximum adsorption capacity of Iron-IIPs was is (514.5)µmol/g for Iron-IIP1(using styrene as a monomer) and (429.1) µmol/g for Iron-IIP2(using 1-vinyl imidazole as a monomer). The adsorption by Iron-IIPs followed a Langmuir isotherm models. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) syringe packed with ionic imprinted polymers (IIPs) were used to selective separation for Iron ion from Crude or fuel oil and digest the polymer to determination the Iron by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS) Abbreviation IIP-SPE-FAAS.","PeriodicalId":16710,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78530658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study the activated carbonized cellulose in (350 ºC) by citric acid have been used to remove some heavy metals (Hg Cd, Cu, Pb) from its aqueous solution at room temperature. The adsorbed metals data applied on three adsorption isotherm models, Freundlich, Langmuir and Temkin isotherms. The adsorption results were very good fitted with isotherm models by the (R2) meaningful value. The removal metals adsorbed on surface of adsorbent from high to the less remove arranged according to its ability depending on the nature and size of metals. The free energy (ΔG) and constants of the adsorption process (Ɵ, n, kf, kT, b, bT) for copper, lead and cadmium were measured from isotherm curves, infra-red spectrums of the activated carbonized cellulose and cellulose itself were measured by FTIR spectrophotometer.
在室温条件下，用柠檬酸对活性炭纤维素(350℃)水溶液中的重金属(Hg、Cd、Cu、Pb)进行了脱除。吸附金属数据应用于Freundlich、Langmuir和Temkin三种吸附等温线模型。吸附结果与等温线模型拟合良好，R2有意义。吸附在吸附剂表面的金属的去除由高到低，根据金属的性质和大小按其去除能力进行排列。用等温线测定了活性炭对铜、铅和镉的吸附自由能(ΔG)和吸附常数(Ɵ， n, kf, kT, b, bT)，用FTIR分光光度计测定了活性炭纤维素和纤维素本身的红外光谱。
{"title":"Adsorption of Some Heavy Elements on Surface of Activated Carbonized Cellulose from Aqueous Solution","authors":"Dr. Ghassan Burhan Yaqoob","doi":"10.52716/jprs.v12i2.661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52716/jprs.v12i2.661","url":null,"abstract":" In this study the activated carbonized cellulose in (350 ºC) by citric acid have been used to remove some heavy metals (Hg Cd, Cu, Pb) from its aqueous solution at room temperature. The adsorbed metals data applied on three adsorption isotherm models, Freundlich, Langmuir and Temkin isotherms. The adsorption results were very good fitted with isotherm models by the (R2) meaningful value. The removal metals adsorbed on surface of adsorbent from high to the less remove arranged according to its ability depending on the nature and size of metals. The free energy (ΔG) and constants of the adsorption process (Ɵ, n, kf, kT, b, bT) for copper, lead and cadmium were measured from isotherm curves, infra-red spectrums of the activated carbonized cellulose and cellulose itself were measured by FTIR spectrophotometer.","PeriodicalId":16710,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91167387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. F. Nader, Rana Muhammad Jassim, W. Saleh, Mahdi S. Abdullah, Ali Qassem Atwan
The water injection program is a key part of Rumaila oilfield long-term development plan to raise pressure levels in reservoirs. This water injection program has involved project of produced water re-injection (PWRI) directly. Although PWRI is most economical method for disposal of produced water and reduces environmental pollution risks but it can causes impairment in formation permeability due to contain it on suspended and dissolved solids that can plug porous media. Therefore, it is essential conduct fluid-rocks compatibility experiments and analysis to evaluation PWRI. The experimental work was carried out in Department of Laboratory and Quality Control in Basra Oil Company, using waterflooding apparatus. The compatibility experiments were applied on five core selected from Main Pay - Zubair formation that has very high permeability with 40 liter produced water at North-Rumaila oilfield. The main purpose of this work is evaluation of PWRI by studying the reduction of permeability(formation damage). The maximum damage degree is 71% and the minimum damage degree is 55% with average value 68.2%. The main causes to impairment permeability are present high concentration from suspended solids in PW. The damage is start from maximum degree near wellbore and gradually decreasing away from injection well and the permeability start jump up. The damage zone is propagate symmetrical around axial wellbore injector and connect together formed roughly circular dish. In this paper we establish table of monitor for help to minimize formation damage. Based on these results, we can concludes, direct injection of produced water into Zubair formation without surface treatments or washing of formation or acidizing treatment or injection under fracture conditions causes formation damage and increases with time.
{"title":"Evaluation of Main Pay- Zubair Formation after Operations Re-Injection of Produced Water Directly In Rumaila Oil Field Norths under Matrix Condition","authors":"A. F. Nader, Rana Muhammad Jassim, W. Saleh, Mahdi S. Abdullah, Ali Qassem Atwan","doi":"10.52716/jprs.v12i2.655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52716/jprs.v12i2.655","url":null,"abstract":"The water injection program is a key part of Rumaila oilfield long-term development plan to raise pressure levels in reservoirs. This water injection program has involved project of produced water re-injection (PWRI) directly. Although PWRI is most economical method for disposal of produced water and reduces environmental pollution risks but it can causes impairment in formation permeability due to contain it on suspended and dissolved solids that can plug porous media. Therefore, it is essential conduct fluid-rocks compatibility experiments and analysis to evaluation PWRI. The experimental work was carried out in Department of Laboratory and Quality Control in Basra Oil Company, using waterflooding apparatus. The compatibility experiments were applied on five core selected from Main Pay - Zubair formation that has very high permeability with 40 liter produced water at North-Rumaila oilfield. The main purpose of this work is evaluation of PWRI by studying the reduction of permeability(formation damage). The maximum damage degree is 71% and the minimum damage degree is 55% with average value 68.2%. The main causes to impairment permeability are present high concentration from suspended solids in PW. The damage is start from maximum degree near wellbore and gradually decreasing away from injection well and the permeability start jump up. The damage zone is propagate symmetrical around axial wellbore injector and connect together formed roughly circular dish. In this paper we establish table of monitor for help to minimize formation damage. Based on these results, we can concludes, direct injection of produced water into Zubair formation without surface treatments or washing of formation or acidizing treatment or injection under fracture conditions causes formation damage and increases with time.","PeriodicalId":16710,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91256124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the NGD process, TEG dehydration is commonly employed to prevent corrosion and blockage of equipment, valves, and piping systems. TEG is frequently lost in the system during this procedure owing to vaporization and carryover. Therefore, it is necessary to study the affection of variables of the dehydration process the process was simulated with ASPEN-HYSYSV8.8 and the thermodynamic model was glycol-package; the process was validated by comparing the Plant results with the simulation results and demonstrating good acceptance. ASPEN-HYSYS conducted a sensitivity study to investigate the impact of variables on the main objectives. , as this study showed that not all of these variables have a strong effect, some of them have a weak effect, for example (wet gas pressure and same case of solvent pressure) and the rest of the variables have a strong effect on this process, so it must be taken into consideration by the station operators where this The changes were targeted because they are subject to change within the plant, and the highest value and the smallest value were taken according to the factory's parameters. As these variables are taken into account and the requisite improvements are made, the natural gas drying process will improve, and the dry gas requirements needed will improve, resulting in increased benefit.
{"title":"Study The Effect of The Main Variables on The Objectives of The Natural Gas Dehydration Plant by ASPEN-HYSYS v8.8","authors":"Ali Sameer Ismail Al-Jammali","doi":"10.52716/jprs.v12i2.657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52716/jprs.v12i2.657","url":null,"abstract":"In the NGD process, TEG dehydration is commonly employed to prevent corrosion and blockage of equipment, valves, and piping systems. TEG is frequently lost in the system during this procedure owing to vaporization and carryover. Therefore, it is necessary to study the affection of variables of the dehydration process the process was simulated with ASPEN-HYSYSV8.8 and the thermodynamic model was glycol-package; the process was validated by comparing the Plant results with the simulation results and demonstrating good acceptance. ASPEN-HYSYS conducted a sensitivity study to investigate the impact of variables on the main objectives. , as this study showed that not all of these variables have a strong effect, some of them have a weak effect, for example (wet gas pressure and same case of solvent pressure) and the rest of the variables have a strong effect on this process, so it must be taken into consideration by the station operators where this The changes were targeted because they are subject to change within the plant, and the highest value and the smallest value were taken according to the factory's parameters. As these variables are taken into account and the requisite improvements are made, the natural gas drying process will improve, and the dry gas requirements needed will improve, resulting in increased benefit.","PeriodicalId":16710,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies","volume":"37 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91434222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
يهدف البحث الى تقديم برنامج تدقيق داخلي على متطلبات نظام ادارة الصحة والسلامة المهنية وفق المواصفة الدولية (ISO 45001: 2018) بالاستناد الى ارشادات المواصفة (ISO 19011: 2018) في دائرة الدرسات والتخطيط والمتابعة – وزارة النفط، اذ ينطلق البحث من المشكلة المتمثلة بضعف اجراءات التدقيق الداخلي على نظام ادارة الصحة والسلامة المهنية والذي ادى بدوره الى خلق مجموعة من الثغرات في متطلبات تطبيق نظام ادارة الصحة والسلامة المهنية وفق متطلبات المواصفة (ISO 45001: 2018)، وبقصد الوصول إلى الحقائق العلمية تم اعتماد منهج دراسة الحالة الذي يتضمن الملاحظة المباشرة والزيارات الميدانية والمقابلات الشخصية، كما استعملت قائمة الفحص (Checklist) المعتمدة في البحث والتي تم اعدادها بالاستناد الى متطلبات المواصفة (ISO 45001: 2018)، لذا اظهرت نتائج البحث وجود (3) حالات عدم مطابقة رئيسة و(22) حالة عدم مطابقة ثانوية وتثبيت مجموعة من فرص التحسين التي تساعد الى اكمال كافة جوانب تطبيق نظام ادارة الصحة والسلامة المهنية في دائرة الدراسات والتخطيط والمتابعة.
{"title":"تدقيق نظام ادارة الصحة والسلامة المهنية وفق المواصفة (ISO 19011: 2018)/ دراسة حالة في وزارة النفط/ دائرة الدراسات والتخطيط والمتابعة","authors":"فائزة صالح بلكت, د. اريج سعيد خليل","doi":"10.52716/jprs.v12i2.663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52716/jprs.v12i2.663","url":null,"abstract":"يهدف البحث الى تقديم برنامج تدقيق داخلي على متطلبات نظام ادارة الصحة والسلامة المهنية وفق المواصفة الدولية (ISO 45001: 2018) بالاستناد الى ارشادات المواصفة (ISO 19011: 2018) في دائرة الدرسات والتخطيط والمتابعة – وزارة النفط، اذ ينطلق البحث من المشكلة المتمثلة بضعف اجراءات التدقيق الداخلي على نظام ادارة الصحة والسلامة المهنية والذي ادى بدوره الى خلق مجموعة من الثغرات في متطلبات تطبيق نظام ادارة الصحة والسلامة المهنية وفق متطلبات المواصفة (ISO 45001: 2018)، وبقصد الوصول إلى الحقائق العلمية تم اعتماد منهج دراسة الحالة الذي يتضمن الملاحظة المباشرة والزيارات الميدانية والمقابلات الشخصية، كما استعملت قائمة الفحص (Checklist) المعتمدة في البحث والتي تم اعدادها بالاستناد الى متطلبات المواصفة (ISO 45001: 2018)، لذا اظهرت نتائج البحث وجود (3) حالات عدم مطابقة رئيسة و(22) حالة عدم مطابقة ثانوية وتثبيت مجموعة من فرص التحسين التي تساعد الى اكمال كافة جوانب تطبيق نظام ادارة الصحة والسلامة المهنية في دائرة الدراسات والتخطيط والمتابعة.","PeriodicalId":16710,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83532699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Iraq Crude Oil Exports – January, February and March 2020","authors":"M. O. O. O. M. C. Somo","doi":"10.52716/jprs.v12i2.664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52716/jprs.v12i2.664","url":null,"abstract":"Table 1. Iraq Crude Oil Exports – January 2020Table 2. Iraq Crude Oil Exports – February 2020Table 3. Iraq Crude Oil Exports – March 2020","PeriodicalId":16710,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85578480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The viscosity of crude oil has a crucial role in drag reduction during pipeline transportation; hence additives are required to enhancing the flow properties of AL-Ahdab crude oil. In this work, the potato starch biopolymer and CTAB surfactant are utilized to achieve the target. The drag reduction experiments were carried out at different crude oil flow rates (20-35-50 liters/min), pipe diameters (0.5-0.75 -1 inch), and different concentrations of potato starch (500-2000 ppm) and CTAB (100-500 ppm). The results showed that these additives had minimized flow resistance in various operating conditions, the drag reduction percent increased with increasing of additives concentration increase. The maximum drag reduction achieved using CTAB and potato starch is 41.6% and 36.3%, respectively, at 50 liters/min and 1-inch pipe diameter.
{"title":"Drag Reduction of AL-Ahdab Crude Oil Using Chemical Additives","authors":"Talib M. Subkh, H. Hussein","doi":"10.52716/jprs.v12i2.659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52716/jprs.v12i2.659","url":null,"abstract":"The viscosity of crude oil has a crucial role in drag reduction during pipeline transportation; hence additives are required to enhancing the flow properties of AL-Ahdab crude oil. In this work, the potato starch biopolymer and CTAB surfactant are utilized to achieve the target. The drag reduction experiments were carried out at different crude oil flow rates (20-35-50 liters/min), pipe diameters (0.5-0.75 -1 inch), and different concentrations of potato starch (500-2000 ppm) and CTAB (100-500 ppm). The results showed that these additives had minimized flow resistance in various operating conditions, the drag reduction percent increased with increasing of additives concentration increase. The maximum drag reduction achieved using CTAB and potato starch is 41.6% and 36.3%, respectively, at 50 liters/min and 1-inch pipe diameter.","PeriodicalId":16710,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80429812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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