{"title":"Iraq Crude Oil Exports – October, November, December/ 2020","authors":"M. O. O. O. M. C. Somo","doi":"10.52716/jprs.v13i1.753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52716/jprs.v13i1.753","url":null,"abstract":"Table 1. Iraq Crude Oil Exports – October 2020Table 2. Iraq Crude Oil Exports – November 2020Table 3. Iraq Crude Oil Exports – December 2020","PeriodicalId":16710,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87584246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A geophysical study investigation was conducted in the southern part of Iraq bounded by coordinates; longitudes (39◦ - 48◦) East and latitude (29◦ - 32◦) North. This study includes analysis and interpretation of the potential data (gravity and magnetic) derived from the Bouguer anomaly map and Aeromagnetic total field intensity map of Iraq both of them is within the scale of (1: 1,000,000) and do comparison with the information available from geological maps, which include Tectonic, Hydrological and Geological information. Gravity and Magnetic maps of the study area were digitized at a grid interval of (1×1) cm which is equivalent to (10×10) km on the land. The trend surface technique was applied on the Bouguer anomaly map of the area. Through these analyses there are three tectonic boundaries have been proposed (A, B, and C). Results were compared with potential analyses of available geological information which match some faults proposed through data analysis with other geological information.
{"title":"studying The Boundaries of The Tectonic Zones South of Latitude 32◦ of Iraq Using Trend Surface Analysis method","authors":"Ban Talib, Emad H. Al-Khersan, A. Al-Banna","doi":"10.52716/jprs.v13i1.650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52716/jprs.v13i1.650","url":null,"abstract":"A geophysical study investigation was conducted in the southern part of Iraq bounded by coordinates; longitudes (39◦ - 48◦) East and latitude (29◦ - 32◦) North. This study includes analysis and interpretation of the potential data (gravity and magnetic) derived from the Bouguer anomaly map and Aeromagnetic total field intensity map of Iraq both of them is within the scale of (1: 1,000,000) and do comparison with the information available from geological maps, which include Tectonic, Hydrological and Geological information.\u0000Gravity and Magnetic maps of the study area were digitized at a grid interval of (1×1) cm which is equivalent to (10×10) km on the land. The trend surface technique was applied on the Bouguer anomaly map of the area. Through these analyses there are three tectonic boundaries have been proposed (A, B, and C). Results were compared with potential analyses of available geological information which match some faults proposed through data analysis with other geological information.","PeriodicalId":16710,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies","volume":"79 6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87948590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Drilling soft and fragile areas such as (high permeable, cavernous, fractured, and sandy formations) have several problems. One of the most critical problems is the loss of drilling fluid into these formations in whole or part of the well. The loss of drilling fluid can lead to more significant and complex problems, such as pipe sticking, well kick, and closing the well. The drilling muds are relatively expensive, especially oil-based mud or those that contain special additives, so it is not economically beneficial to waste and lose these muds. Artificial neural networks (ANN) can predict drilling fluid losses before they occur based on drilling parameters data and drilling fluid properties of wells effected by lost circulation problems located in the same area. This paper developed two artificial neural network models to predict drilling fluid losses in the Dammam formation- Rumaila oil field in southern Iraq. The two models have the same topology and structure. The first model used the early stopping technique to stop the training when we get the global minimum and the second model used specific epochs to complete the training. The models could predict various types of losses with high accuracy. The accuracy of implementing R2 for the first and second models was 0.9302 and 0.9493, respectively. The early stopping technique lead to obtain a model with acceptable accuracy in a short time without relying on a specific number of epochs.
{"title":"Artificial Neural Networks to Predict Lost Circulation Zones at Southern Iraq Oilfield","authors":"Ameen Salih, Hassan A. Abdul Hussein, S. H. Hamza","doi":"10.52716/jprs.v13i1.648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52716/jprs.v13i1.648","url":null,"abstract":"Drilling soft and fragile areas such as (high permeable, cavernous, fractured, and sandy formations) have several problems. One of the most critical problems is the loss of drilling fluid into these formations in whole or part of the well. The loss of drilling fluid can lead to more significant and complex problems, such as pipe sticking, well kick, and closing the well. The drilling muds are relatively expensive, especially oil-based mud or those that contain special additives, so it is not economically beneficial to waste and lose these muds. Artificial neural networks (ANN) can predict drilling fluid losses before they occur based on drilling parameters data and drilling fluid properties of wells effected by lost circulation problems located in the same area. This paper developed two artificial neural network models to predict drilling fluid losses in the Dammam formation- Rumaila oil field in southern Iraq. The two models have the same topology and structure. The first model used the early stopping technique to stop the training when we get the global minimum and the second model used specific epochs to complete the training. The models could predict various types of losses with high accuracy. The accuracy of implementing R2 for the first and second models was 0.9302 and 0.9493, respectively. The early stopping technique lead to obtain a model with acceptable accuracy in a short time without relying on a specific number of epochs.","PeriodicalId":16710,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88700801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
سعت هذه الدراسة لكشف العوامل التي تؤثر على إمكانية الوصول إلى الطاقة النظيفة في المنطقة العربية مما يتطلب استكشاف مصادر جديدة للطاقة النظيفة، وبذلك فإن أهداف المقالة الحالية هي دراسة تأثير الاستثمار الأخضر ومصادر الطاقة المتجددة (الطاقة الشمسية، والطاقة الحيوية، والطاقة المائية، وطاقة الرياح) على التنمية المستدامة في المنطقة من جهة توجيه صانعي السياسات إلى تطوير السياسات المتعلقة بالتنمية النظيفة و المستدامة لبناء اقتصاد أخضر، وقد توصلت الدراسة إلى أن تجسيد الهدف السابع من أهداف التنمية المستدامة يتطلب تحقيق الوصول العالمي إلى طاقة حديثة وموثوقة ومستدامة ومعقولة التكلفة بحلول عام 2030 تسعى أيضًا إلى زيادة حصة الطاقة المتجددة في مزيج الطاقة العالمي، وتحسين كفاءة الطاقة بنسبة 100٪ ثم توسيع البنية التحتية وتحسين تكنولوجيا الإمداد.
{"title":"مقاربة الطاقة النظيفة كأطار مؤسسي لتحفيز الاستثمار في الاقتصاد الاخضر عربياً","authors":"Khedidja Ziani, Samia Benyahia","doi":"10.52716/jprs.v13i1.714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52716/jprs.v13i1.714","url":null,"abstract":" سعت هذه الدراسة لكشف العوامل التي تؤثر على إمكانية الوصول إلى الطاقة النظيفة في المنطقة العربية مما يتطلب استكشاف مصادر جديدة للطاقة النظيفة، وبذلك فإن أهداف المقالة الحالية هي دراسة تأثير الاستثمار الأخضر ومصادر الطاقة المتجددة (الطاقة الشمسية، والطاقة الحيوية، والطاقة المائية، وطاقة الرياح) على التنمية المستدامة في المنطقة من جهة توجيه صانعي السياسات إلى تطوير السياسات المتعلقة بالتنمية النظيفة و المستدامة لبناء اقتصاد أخضر، وقد توصلت الدراسة إلى أن تجسيد الهدف السابع من أهداف التنمية المستدامة يتطلب تحقيق الوصول العالمي إلى طاقة حديثة وموثوقة ومستدامة ومعقولة التكلفة بحلول عام 2030 تسعى أيضًا إلى زيادة حصة الطاقة المتجددة في مزيج الطاقة العالمي، وتحسين كفاءة الطاقة بنسبة 100٪ ثم توسيع البنية التحتية وتحسين تكنولوجيا الإمداد.","PeriodicalId":16710,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73471964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Furfural is a toxic aromatic aldehyde that can cause severe environmental problems, especially the wastewater discharge from petroleum refinery units. The effect of adsorption variables, which include time (30-240) min, initial concentration of furfural (40-5080) mg/l, and amount of adsorbent material (10, 15, and 20 g250 ml). The commercial activated carbon was investigated in a batch process in order to obtain the maximum furfural removal from wastewater. The results obtained from the experimental investigations showed that furfural removal increases with the increasing adsorbent material and decreases with increasing furfural concentration. Best Furfural removal efficiency was obtained at pH value equal 7.0, agitation speed 150 rpm, contact time 240 minutes. Chemical adsorption takes place when increasing temperature adsorption capacity increases. The best solvent used to regenerate activated carbon was ethanol 50 wt%. Ethanol has been used in industrial applications due to its low cost and relatively eco-friendly solvent. The laboratory experiments were done, and the sump drum O3D4, D-303 site was chosen to execute the project. The maximum contamination in the furfural was 100 ppm. The dimension of the polluted area in the sump drum (O3D4, D-303) was 20.3, 45 m2. The amount of activated carbon used 327, 726.3 kg.
{"title":"Furfural Removal from Refinery Wastewater by Adsorption on Commercial Activated Carbon","authors":"R. N. Ghazy, I. Shakir","doi":"10.52716/jprs.v12i4.726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52716/jprs.v12i4.726","url":null,"abstract":"Furfural is a toxic aromatic aldehyde that can cause severe environmental problems, especially the wastewater discharge from petroleum refinery units. The effect of adsorption variables, which include time (30-240) min, initial concentration of furfural (40-5080) mg/l, and amount of adsorbent material (10, 15, and 20 g250 ml). The commercial activated carbon was investigated in a batch process in order to obtain the maximum furfural removal from wastewater. The results obtained from the experimental investigations showed that furfural removal increases with the increasing adsorbent material and decreases with increasing furfural concentration. Best Furfural removal efficiency was obtained at pH value equal 7.0, agitation speed 150 rpm, contact time 240 minutes. Chemical adsorption takes place when increasing temperature adsorption capacity increases. The best solvent used to regenerate activated carbon was ethanol 50 wt%. Ethanol has been used in industrial applications due to its low cost and relatively eco-friendly solvent. The laboratory experiments were done, and the sump drum O3D4, D-303 site was chosen to execute the project. The maximum contamination in the furfural was 100 ppm. The dimension of the polluted area in the sump drum (O3D4, D-303) was 20.3, 45 m2. The amount of activated carbon used 327, 726.3 kg.","PeriodicalId":16710,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87507499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Firdews Sh. Mahmood, H. Hussein, Zeinab T. Abdulwahhab
The present study revealed a low-cost process for utilizing desert sand for preparing nanosilica by sol-gel technique. This work required sodium hydroxide, concentrated hydrochloric acid, distillate water as raw materials, and Iraqi sand. Nanosilica sample was characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy analysis (SEM), atomic force microscope(AFM), surface area (BET) method, and fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The XRD result of produced sample is referred to as amorphous silica, and it has a broad peak at 2Θ= 22° – 22.5 º. SEM showed spherical, agglomerated silica particles with a diameter range of 26.57–28.93 nm. In addition, the average particle size was 76.35nm, with a dimension range of 40-110 nm, and the surface area was 510.96 m²/g. The inclusion of hydrogen-bonded silanol groups (Si–O–H) at 3437.15 cm-¹ and siloxane groups (Si–O–Si) at 1087.85 cm-¹in the FTIR spectra.
{"title":"Preparation and Characterization of High Surface Area Nanosilica from Iraqi Sand via Sol-Gel Technique","authors":"Firdews Sh. Mahmood, H. Hussein, Zeinab T. Abdulwahhab","doi":"10.52716/jprs.v12i4.645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52716/jprs.v12i4.645","url":null,"abstract":"The present study revealed a low-cost process for utilizing desert sand for preparing nanosilica by sol-gel technique. This work required sodium hydroxide, concentrated hydrochloric acid, distillate water as raw materials, and Iraqi sand. Nanosilica sample was characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy analysis (SEM), atomic force microscope(AFM), surface area (BET) method, and fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The XRD result of produced sample is referred to as amorphous silica, and it has a broad peak at 2Θ= 22° – 22.5 º. SEM showed spherical, agglomerated silica particles with a diameter range of 26.57–28.93 nm. In addition, the average particle size was 76.35nm, with a dimension range of 40-110 nm, and the surface area was 510.96 m²/g. The inclusion of hydrogen-bonded silanol groups (Si–O–H) at 3437.15 cm-¹ and siloxane groups (Si–O–Si) at 1087.85 cm-¹in the FTIR spectra.","PeriodicalId":16710,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81255862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In drilling processes, the rheological properties pointed to the nature of the run-off and the composition of the drilling mud. Drilling mud performance can be assessed for solving the problems of the hole cleaning, fluid management, and hydraulics controls. The rheology factors are typically termed through the following parameters: Yield Point (Yp) and Plastic Viscosity (μp). The relation of (YP/ μp) is used for measuring of levelling for flow. High YP/ μp percentages are responsible for well cuttings transportation through laminar flow. The adequate values of (YP/ μp) are between 0 to 1 for the rheological models which used in drilling. This is what appeared in most of the models that were used in this study. The pressure loss is a gathering of numerous issues for example rheology of mud), flow regime and the well geometry. An artificial neural network (ANN) that used in this effort is an accurate or computational model stimulated by using JMP software. The aim of this study is to find out the effect of rheological models on the hydraulic system and to use the artificial neural network to simulate the parameters that were used as emotional parameters and then find an equation containing the parameters μp, Yp and P Yp/ μp to calculate the pressure losses in a hydraulic system. Data for 7 intermediate casing wells with 12.25" hole size and 95/8" intermediate casing size are taken from the southern Iraq field used for the above purpose. Then compare the result with common equations used to calculate pressure losses in a hydraulic system. Also, we calculate the optimum flow by the maximum impact force method and then offset in Equation obtained by (Joint Marketing Program) JMP software. Finally, the equation that was found to calculate pressure losses instead of using common hydraulic equations with long calculations gave very close results with less calculation.
{"title":"Selection of an Optimum Drilling Fluid Model to Enhance Mud Hydraulic System Using Neural Networks in Iraqi Oil Field","authors":"A. Assi","doi":"10.52716/jprs.v12i4.585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52716/jprs.v12i4.585","url":null,"abstract":"In drilling processes, the rheological properties pointed to the nature of the run-off and the composition of the drilling mud. Drilling mud performance can be assessed for solving the problems of the hole cleaning, fluid management, and hydraulics controls. The rheology factors are typically termed through the following parameters: Yield Point (Yp) and Plastic Viscosity (μp). The relation of (YP/ μp) is used for measuring of levelling for flow. High YP/ μp percentages are responsible for well cuttings transportation through laminar flow. The adequate values of (YP/ μp) are between 0 to 1 for the rheological models which used in drilling. This is what appeared in most of the models that were used in this study. The pressure loss is a gathering of numerous issues for example rheology of mud), flow regime and the well geometry. An artificial neural network (ANN) that used in this effort is an accurate or computational model stimulated by using JMP software. The aim of this study is to find out the effect of rheological models on the hydraulic system and to use the artificial neural network to simulate the parameters that were used as emotional parameters and then find an equation containing the parameters μp, Yp and P Yp/ μp to calculate the pressure losses in a hydraulic system. Data for 7 intermediate casing wells with 12.25\" hole size and 95/8\" intermediate casing size are taken from the southern Iraq field used for the above purpose. Then compare the result with common equations used to calculate pressure losses in a hydraulic system. Also, we calculate the optimum flow by the maximum impact force method and then offset in Equation obtained by (Joint Marketing Program) JMP software. Finally, the equation that was found to calculate pressure losses instead of using common hydraulic equations with long calculations gave very close results with less calculation.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":16710,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86559470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rafea Alabdulaziz, M. F. Al-shahwan, Maysaa A. Abdulhameed
The study area is located in southern Iraq in Mesopotamia hydrocarbon province. It’s part of supergiant liner anticline that extends from south to north, South Rumaila, North Rumaila, West Qurna-1, and West Qurna-2. The major fold oriented north-northwest and extends approximately 120Km. All available data was integrated and used in this study to support a better image of the subsurface of the Sa'adi structure. The Sa'adi reservoir in the study area is considered as a secondary reservoir. Therefore, a three-dimensional seismic survey, and seven VSPs, in addition, to well tops that drive from a set of well logs are used in this study. The three-dimensional seismic interpretation and subsurface structure maps of both Tops of Sa'adi and Tanuma formations were performed by Halliburton software (OpenWorks, DecisionSpace Geoscience, and Seismic Analysis). The structure maps of Lower Sa'adi_I and Lower Sa'adi_II have been created based on well tops. A set of well logs (Quad combo) were used to identify the well tops in more than four hundred wells that penetrated the Sa'adi reservoir and distributed over the study area using Geolog software. The structure maps of Lower Sa'adi_I and Lower Sa'adi_II in addition to the cross-sections were set up by Petrel 2018 (Schlumberger software). The study gives highly accurate structure maps of top of Upper Sa'adi, top of Lower Sa'adi_I, top of Lower Sa'adi_II, and top of Tanuma formations. The Sa'adi structure in study area is classified as asymmetrical, non-cylindrical, horizontal, antiform, brachy, gentle anticline.
{"title":"Structure Analysis of Sa’adi Reservoir in X Supergiant Oilfield, Southern Iraq","authors":"Rafea Alabdulaziz, M. F. Al-shahwan, Maysaa A. Abdulhameed","doi":"10.52716/jprs.v12i4.520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52716/jprs.v12i4.520","url":null,"abstract":"The study area is located in southern Iraq in Mesopotamia hydrocarbon province. It’s part of supergiant liner anticline that extends from south to north, South Rumaila, North Rumaila, West Qurna-1, and West Qurna-2. The major fold oriented north-northwest and extends approximately 120Km. All available data was integrated and used in this study to support a better image of the subsurface of the Sa'adi structure. The Sa'adi reservoir in the study area is considered as a secondary reservoir. Therefore, a three-dimensional seismic survey, and seven VSPs, in addition, to well tops that drive from a set of well logs are used in this study.\u0000The three-dimensional seismic interpretation and subsurface structure maps of both Tops of Sa'adi and Tanuma formations were performed by Halliburton software (OpenWorks, DecisionSpace Geoscience, and Seismic Analysis). The structure maps of Lower Sa'adi_I and Lower Sa'adi_II have been created based on well tops. A set of well logs (Quad combo) were used to identify the well tops in more than four hundred wells that penetrated the Sa'adi reservoir and distributed over the study area using Geolog software. The structure maps of Lower Sa'adi_I and Lower Sa'adi_II in addition to the cross-sections were set up by Petrel 2018 (Schlumberger software). The study gives highly accurate structure maps of top of Upper Sa'adi, top of Lower Sa'adi_I, top of Lower Sa'adi_II, and top of Tanuma formations. The Sa'adi structure in study area is classified as asymmetrical, non-cylindrical, horizontal, antiform, brachy, gentle anticline.","PeriodicalId":16710,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77926968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Golam, M. H. Alhamdo, Hassan A. Abdul Hussein, Sinan I. Mohammed
The increasing global demand has prompted the development of more innovative ways to enhance the drilling of oil wells at lower costs, and avoid operational problems that affect the speed of drilling oil wells. The numerical cuttings trajectories simulation has been done to include the effect of cuttings collisions using commercial ANSYS FLUENT 2019 R3 CFD software. The (Eulerian-Eulerian) model was used to verify the cuts transport behavior due to the existence of liquid and solid phases. In this simulation, the mind transport rate is checked by changing the operational parameters which including (drilling mud flow rate and temperature, cuttings size, inclination, drill pipe rotation and eccentricity). The results show that the high degree of agreement was observed between the numerical results with experimental studied by the researcher Yaacob, indicating the CFD analysis system's dependability and capacity to mimic the drilling operation. The use of (Eulerian-Eulerian) model is found reliable in interpreting the phenomena of multiphase flow for understanding the mechanism of influence of parameters associated with the process of drilling oil wells on the lifting capacity. Increasing the flow velocity of the drilling mud transforms the flow pattern from laminar to turbulent, and the latter is one of the desired flow patterns during the flow that enable to increase the lifting capacity of the cuttings. The effect of the rotation speed of the drill pipe on the concentration of cuttings decreases when the flow rate of drilling fluid increases. the cuttings concentration when the flow velocity is 0.6 m/s reaches 48 % when the cuttings size is (0.5-1) mm and it attained to (60,57.52) % when the cuttings size is ((3.5-4) ,(2.25-3),(1.5-2)) mm respectively for the same flow velocity. The increase in the temperature of the drilling fluid weakened the ability of the drilling fluid to move the cuttings. At the flow velocity is 1.2 m/s and the drilling angle is 0˚ (vertical well), the cuttings concentration attained to 30 % within the annular space, while the concentration becomes (41, 44, 54, 32) % at the drilling angle (30˚, 45˚, 60˚, 90˚) respectively at the same stated flow velocity.
{"title":"Application of Computational Fluid Dynamics for Investigation the Effect of the Hole Cleaning Parameters in Inclined and Horizontal Wells","authors":"A. Golam, M. H. Alhamdo, Hassan A. Abdul Hussein, Sinan I. Mohammed","doi":"10.52716/jprs.v12i4.569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52716/jprs.v12i4.569","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing global demand has prompted the development of more innovative ways to enhance the drilling of oil wells at lower costs, and avoid operational problems that affect the speed of drilling oil wells. The numerical cuttings trajectories simulation has been done to include the effect of cuttings collisions using commercial ANSYS FLUENT 2019 R3 CFD software. The (Eulerian-Eulerian) model was used to verify the cuts transport behavior due to the existence of liquid and solid phases. In this simulation, the mind transport rate is checked by changing the operational parameters which including (drilling mud flow rate and temperature, cuttings size, inclination, drill pipe rotation and eccentricity). The results show that the high degree of agreement was observed between the numerical results with experimental studied by the researcher Yaacob, indicating the CFD analysis system's dependability and capacity to mimic the drilling operation. The use of (Eulerian-Eulerian) model is found reliable in interpreting the phenomena of multiphase flow for understanding the mechanism of influence of parameters associated with the process of drilling oil wells on the lifting capacity. Increasing the flow velocity of the drilling mud transforms the flow pattern from laminar to turbulent, and the latter is one of the desired flow patterns during the flow that enable to increase the lifting capacity of the cuttings. The effect of the rotation speed of the drill pipe on the concentration of cuttings decreases when the flow rate of drilling fluid increases. the cuttings concentration when the flow velocity is 0.6 m/s reaches 48 % when the cuttings size is (0.5-1) mm and it attained to (60,57.52) % when the cuttings size is ((3.5-4) ,(2.25-3),(1.5-2)) mm respectively for the same flow velocity. The increase in the temperature of the drilling fluid weakened the ability of the drilling fluid to move the cuttings. At the flow velocity is 1.2 m/s and the drilling angle is 0˚ (vertical well), the cuttings concentration attained to 30 % within the annular space, while the concentration becomes (41, 44, 54, 32) % at the drilling angle (30˚, 45˚, 60˚, 90˚) respectively at the same stated flow velocity.","PeriodicalId":16710,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74832742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study included over all about competition of renewable energy to the conventional energy, and the economic growth on the demand for renewable energy technology especially solar energy, and the increasing on its annual cost decline. Also, highlight on the most important projects applied in the oil fields in the Middle East and America. In this study, a design and economic simulation of the solar energy system was conducted as a source for generating electricity with a capacity of 1 megawatt and a comparison of the capital and operation cost between the solar energy system, diesel generators, government and private sectors stations at the same operating time and the same energy. The economic simulation has shown that there is a big difference between the capital costs, as the cost of the solar energy system is about (40-37%) higher than the cost of diesel generators and investment stations, respectively, for a maximum operating capacity of 1 megawatt/hour, but on the other hand, it is characterized by The solar energy system has a depreciation factor of 0.75% compared to its counterparts, which reaches 10%, and the standard of its energy cost is low, reaching 0.22 $/ kilowatt compared to other sources of energy. In addition, Payback period of the solar energy system was 9 years by saving fuel cost and its low operating cost that reach to 0.0183 $/kWh, compared to its counterparts from government sector station, diesel generators, power stations. (Fuel from the investor), and private sector stations (fuel from the investor), whose operating costs are (0.1, 0.076, 0.038, 0.1) $/kWh, respectively. The results showed that the solar system economically feasible, with lifetime 25 years, while the generator lifetime ten years only. The solar radiation system limits carbon emissions, as the amount of carbon emissions per kilowatt of energy using conventional fuels is (185-265) grams of CO2 per kilowatt.
{"title":"The Economic Feasibility of using Renewable Energy in Iraqi Oil Fields","authors":"R. Jalil, Hashim J. Mohammed","doi":"10.52716/jprs.v12i4.727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52716/jprs.v12i4.727","url":null,"abstract":"This study included over all about competition of renewable energy to the conventional energy, and the economic growth on the demand for renewable energy technology especially solar energy, and the increasing on its annual cost decline. Also, highlight on the most important projects applied in the oil fields in the Middle East and America. \u0000In this study, a design and economic simulation of the solar energy system was conducted as a source for generating electricity with a capacity of 1 megawatt and a comparison of the capital and operation cost between the solar energy system, diesel generators, government and private sectors stations at the same operating time and the same energy. The economic simulation has shown that there is a big difference between the capital costs, as the cost of the solar energy system is about (40-37%) higher than the cost of diesel generators and investment stations, respectively, for a maximum operating capacity of 1 megawatt/hour, but on the other hand, it is characterized by The solar energy system has a depreciation factor of 0.75% compared to its counterparts, which reaches 10%, and the standard of its energy cost is low, reaching 0.22 $/ kilowatt compared to other sources of energy. In addition, Payback period of the solar energy system was 9 years by saving fuel cost and its low operating cost that reach to 0.0183 $/kWh, compared to its counterparts from government sector station, diesel generators, power stations. (Fuel from the investor), and private sector stations (fuel from the investor), whose operating costs are (0.1, 0.076, 0.038, 0.1) $/kWh, respectively. The results showed that the solar system economically feasible, with lifetime 25 years, while the generator lifetime ten years only. The solar radiation system limits carbon emissions, as the amount of carbon emissions per kilowatt of energy using conventional fuels is (185-265) grams of CO2 per kilowatt.","PeriodicalId":16710,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies","volume":"226 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89095281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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