The improvement of the performance of automotive engines necessitated the use of effective lubricating oil. Experimentally explored are the thermophysical characteristics and rheological behavior of Nano-lubricating oil made by mixing SiO2 nanoparticles with stock-60. Nano-lubricant has been prepared with a two-step method using a magnetic stirrer as a first step mixing and an ultrasonic homogenizer. The rheological properties were investigated at various shear rates, temperature, and solid volume percent. This research was carried out on concentrations ranging from 0.1 % to 1.0 %. The results showed elevation in temperature, the dynamic viscosity dropped in all shear rates due to lower SiO2 NP concentrations and that all samples exhibited Newtonian behavior at all temperatures fixed. The thermal conductivity of nano-lubricating oil was tested at various temperatures ranging from 20°C to 50°C. The different solid volume percent of SiO2 NPs were in the range of 0 to 1% maximum enhancement value was achieved at higher temperature with increased volume percent of SiO2 NPs. Other important thermophysical properties of lube oil including flashpoint and pour point were also measured. The results revealed that adding SiO2 NPs to stock-60 at a solid volume percent of 1% will result in a maximum improvement of 12 % in flashpoint over the base oil, while the improvement of pour point was achieved at nano-addition of 0.75% and 1% compared with the base oil was increased from -3°C to -6°C.
{"title":"The Effecting of Various Parameters on the Thermophysical and Rheological Properties of SiO2 Nano-lubricating Oil in Petroleum Refineries","authors":"Alyaa M. Awad, K. Sukkar, Dalya M. Jaed","doi":"10.52716/jprs.v12i4.575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52716/jprs.v12i4.575","url":null,"abstract":"The improvement of the performance of automotive engines necessitated the use of effective lubricating oil. Experimentally explored are the thermophysical characteristics and rheological behavior of Nano-lubricating oil made by mixing SiO2 nanoparticles with stock-60. Nano-lubricant has been prepared with a two-step method using a magnetic stirrer as a first step mixing and an ultrasonic homogenizer. The rheological properties were investigated at various shear rates, temperature, and solid volume percent. This research was carried out on concentrations ranging from 0.1 % to 1.0 %. The results showed elevation in temperature, the dynamic viscosity dropped in all shear rates due to lower SiO2 NP concentrations and that all samples exhibited Newtonian behavior at all temperatures fixed. The thermal conductivity of nano-lubricating oil was tested at various temperatures ranging from 20°C to 50°C. The different solid volume percent of SiO2 NPs were in the range of 0 to 1% maximum enhancement value was achieved at higher temperature with increased volume percent of SiO2 NPs. Other important thermophysical properties of lube oil including flashpoint and pour point were also measured. The results revealed that adding SiO2 NPs to stock-60 at a solid volume percent of 1% will result in a maximum improvement of 12 % in flashpoint over the base oil, while the improvement of pour point was achieved at nano-addition of 0.75% and 1% compared with the base oil was increased from -3°C to -6°C.","PeriodicalId":16710,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies","volume":"52 1-2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85431098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One of the factors controlling fluid distribution in porous media is wettability, which is ranging from water-wet to oil wet. Wettability could be changed due to the long-time contact with hydrocarbon liquids. Wettability alteration resulting from the aging of core samples in hydrocarbon liquids becomes a widely used technique. The aging of Core samples from different locations in different types of liquids had been studied. The aging periods used in these studies range from hours to 110 days. In this work, synthetic core samples were aged for a period ranging from 205 to 824 days into two different hydrocarbon liquids (heavy crude from the East Baghdad oil field and gas oil). Results show that long time aging periods dramatically alter wettability; also, heavy crude oil alters wettability higher than that of light hydrocarbon.
{"title":"Aging Effect on Rock Wettability Alteration","authors":"A. Mahmood","doi":"10.52716/jprs.v12i4.579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52716/jprs.v12i4.579","url":null,"abstract":"One of the factors controlling fluid distribution in porous media is wettability, which is ranging from water-wet to oil wet. Wettability could be changed due to the long-time contact with hydrocarbon liquids. Wettability alteration resulting from the aging of core samples in hydrocarbon liquids becomes a widely used technique. The aging of Core samples from different locations in different types of liquids had been studied. The aging periods used in these studies range from hours to 110 days. In this work, synthetic core samples were aged for a period ranging from 205 to 824 days into two different hydrocarbon liquids (heavy crude from the East Baghdad oil field and gas oil). Results show that long time aging periods dramatically alter wettability; also, heavy crude oil alters wettability higher than that of light hydrocarbon.","PeriodicalId":16710,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83725137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nanotechnology is widely used in industries, including catalyst synthesis for oil and gas industries to enhance and perform new Characteristics of materials. Cetyl tri methyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) cationic surfactant was used in the synthesis of spherical nanostructured γ-alumina to enhance the morphology of the prepared nano gamma alumina which is used as a catalyst support in the naphtha reforming process. The preparation was carried out by co-precipitation method by adding drop wise of ammonium hydroxide solution and aluminum nitrate nonahydrate solution simultaneously to a solution of surfactant medium, PH and temperature of reaction were kept at 8 and 30 cᵒ respectively. The gamma alumina obtained were characterized by X- Ray Diffraction (XRD), nitrogen adsorption-desorption analysis (ASAP 2020, Micromeretics) and atomic force microscope (AFM). The sample of synthesized gamma alumina with the CTAB cationic surfactant showed that surface are (314 m2/g), pore volume (0.37 cm3/g), and pore size (3.6 nm).
{"title":"Effect of Cationic Surfactant in the Synthesis Process of Nano γ-Alumina for Petroleum Industry Application","authors":"Mustafa H. Flayyih, Mohammed S. Theib","doi":"10.52716/jprs.v12i4.578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52716/jprs.v12i4.578","url":null,"abstract":" Nanotechnology is widely used in industries, including catalyst synthesis for oil and gas industries to enhance and perform new Characteristics of materials. Cetyl tri methyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) cationic surfactant was used in the synthesis of spherical nanostructured γ-alumina to enhance the morphology of the prepared nano gamma alumina which is used as a catalyst support in the naphtha reforming process. The preparation was carried out by co-precipitation method by adding drop wise of ammonium hydroxide solution and aluminum nitrate nonahydrate solution simultaneously to a solution of surfactant medium, PH and temperature of reaction were kept at 8 and 30 cᵒ respectively. The gamma alumina obtained were characterized by X- Ray Diffraction (XRD), nitrogen adsorption-desorption analysis (ASAP 2020, Micromeretics) and atomic force microscope (AFM). The sample of synthesized gamma alumina with the CTAB cationic surfactant showed that surface are (314 m2/g), pore volume (0.37 cm3/g), and pore size (3.6 nm).","PeriodicalId":16710,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89126879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
يهدف هذا البحث إلى التعرف على دور التخطيط الاستراتيجي في تعزيز مرتكزات تقانة الحيود السداسية في شركة نفط الشمال/شركة عامة- كركوك بوصفها ميداناً للبحث، والدور الذي يلعبه التخطيط الاستراتيجي في دعم المنظمات من خلال تبني أسلوب تقانة الحيود السداسية لتشكل خارطة طريق تسير عليها المنظمة وكذلك اتخاذ قرارات تتسم بدراسة المستقبل ومواكبته،وان المعنى العام للحيود السداسية (Six Sigma) في منظمات الأعمال أنها مقياس للجودة يسعى للوصول بها لما يقارب الكمال. إنها منهج منضبط مقاد بالمعطيات يركز على الوصول إلى اقل مستوى للعيوب بل إلغاء العيوب ومن هذا المنطلق فإن الإطار الاستطلاعي لهذا البحث يتمحور من خلال تشخيص مرتكزات التخطيط الاستراتيجي وتوظيفها في الشركة مدار البحث من خلال الاستخدام الأمثل والاعتماد على تقانة الحيود السداسية وتوظيف إبعادها للوصول إلى حل لمشكلة البحث. اعتمد الباحث خطة من خلال تحديد أهداف البحث وفرضياته واستخدام التحليل الإحصائي والطريقة الوصفية من خلال المنهج الاستقرائي من الخاص إلى العام لتحقيق النتائج. تم توزيع (90) استمارة استبانة على عينة من الأفراد العاملين وبعدة مستويات في وزارة النفط / شركة نفط الشمال، وتم إرجاع (73) استمارة خضعت للتحليل. توصل البحث إلى أهم الاستنتاجات: يساعد التخطيط الاستراتيجي مديري المنظمات على فهم ما يدور حولهم من أحداث في البيئة المحيطة نتيجة لتحليل البيئتين الداخلية والخارجية ليتمكنوا من التعامل مع المستقبل بشكل مفيد وتجعل منهم أكثر قدرة على اتخاذ قرارات صائبة تقود إلى النجاح والتفوق . يرتبط كل من التخطيط الاستراتيجي وتقانة الحيود السداسية في الميدان مدار البحث بعلاقة إيجابية معنوية ذات دلالة إحصائية على المستوى الكلي والجزئي.
{"title":"دور التخطيط الإستراتيجي في تعزيز تقانة الحيود السداسية (Six sigma)/ دراسة استطلاعية في شركة نفط الشمال","authors":"علي سامي غزال","doi":"10.52716/jprs.v12i4.524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52716/jprs.v12i4.524","url":null,"abstract":" يهدف هذا البحث إلى التعرف على دور التخطيط الاستراتيجي في تعزيز مرتكزات تقانة الحيود السداسية في شركة نفط الشمال/شركة عامة- كركوك بوصفها ميداناً للبحث، والدور الذي يلعبه التخطيط الاستراتيجي في دعم المنظمات من خلال تبني أسلوب تقانة الحيود السداسية لتشكل خارطة طريق تسير عليها المنظمة وكذلك اتخاذ قرارات تتسم بدراسة المستقبل ومواكبته،وان المعنى العام للحيود السداسية (Six Sigma) في منظمات الأعمال أنها مقياس للجودة يسعى للوصول بها لما يقارب الكمال. إنها منهج منضبط مقاد بالمعطيات يركز على الوصول إلى اقل مستوى للعيوب بل إلغاء العيوب ومن هذا المنطلق فإن الإطار الاستطلاعي لهذا البحث يتمحور من خلال تشخيص مرتكزات التخطيط الاستراتيجي وتوظيفها في الشركة مدار البحث من خلال الاستخدام الأمثل والاعتماد على تقانة الحيود السداسية وتوظيف إبعادها للوصول إلى حل لمشكلة البحث.\u0000اعتمد الباحث خطة من خلال تحديد أهداف البحث وفرضياته واستخدام التحليل الإحصائي والطريقة الوصفية من خلال المنهج الاستقرائي من الخاص إلى العام لتحقيق النتائج. تم توزيع (90) استمارة استبانة على عينة من الأفراد العاملين وبعدة مستويات في وزارة النفط / شركة نفط الشمال، وتم إرجاع (73) استمارة خضعت للتحليل.\u0000 توصل البحث إلى أهم الاستنتاجات:\u0000\u0000يساعد التخطيط الاستراتيجي مديري المنظمات على فهم ما يدور حولهم من أحداث في البيئة المحيطة نتيجة لتحليل البيئتين الداخلية والخارجية ليتمكنوا من التعامل مع المستقبل بشكل مفيد وتجعل منهم أكثر قدرة على اتخاذ قرارات صائبة تقود إلى النجاح والتفوق .\u0000يرتبط كل من التخطيط الاستراتيجي وتقانة الحيود السداسية في الميدان مدار البحث بعلاقة إيجابية معنوية ذات دلالة إحصائية على المستوى الكلي والجزئي.\u0000","PeriodicalId":16710,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86562086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The new class of pressure drop and heat transfer enhancement through pipes and heat exchangers is defined a nano-fluid. The applications of this process are the cooling of oil inside heat exchanger and the flow of oil into the pipe line. In this work, the prediction of heat transfers and friction factor in a heated tube is studied. ANSYS software of CFD simulation through the geometrical problem undertaken was utilized. The Fe3O4 nanoparticles suspended in pure water has been adopted to flow through the test rig under ranges of nanoparticles mass concentrations and Reynolds number 1% to 4% and 4000 to 10000 respectively. The numerical results show that the friction factor and heat transfer enhancement increase as increase of nanoparticles mass concentrations 23% and 4% respectively. Additionally, the heat transfer is increased and the friction factor is decreased as increase of Reynolds number. It was concluded that Nusselt number increases due to add the solid nanoparticles to the water but slightly increases of pumping power. This obtained results are validated with the available data in the literature.
{"title":"Improving the Heat Transfer using Fe3O4 Nanoparticles Suspended in Water Flow through Circular Tube","authors":"Hamed J. Hussain","doi":"10.52716/jprs.v12i3.539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52716/jprs.v12i3.539","url":null,"abstract":"The new class of pressure drop and heat transfer enhancement through pipes and heat exchangers is defined a nano-fluid. The applications of this process are the cooling of oil inside heat exchanger and the flow of oil into the pipe line. In this work, the prediction of heat transfers and friction factor in a heated tube is studied. ANSYS software of CFD simulation through the geometrical problem undertaken was utilized. The Fe3O4 nanoparticles suspended in pure water has been adopted to flow through the test rig under ranges of nanoparticles mass concentrations and Reynolds number 1% to 4% and 4000 to 10000 respectively. The numerical results show that the friction factor and heat transfer enhancement increase as increase of nanoparticles mass concentrations 23% and 4% respectively. Additionally, the heat transfer is increased and the friction factor is decreased as increase of Reynolds number. It was concluded that Nusselt number increases due to add the solid nanoparticles to the water but slightly increases of pumping power. This obtained results are validated with the available data in the literature.","PeriodicalId":16710,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85581026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Often there is no well drilling without problems. The solution lies in managing and evaluating these problems and developing strategies to manage and scale them. Non-productive time (NPT) is one of the main causes of delayed drilling operations. Many events or possibilities can lead to a halt in drilling operations or a marginal decrease in the advancement of drilling, this is called (NPT). Reducing NPT has an important impact on the total expenditure, time and cost are considered one of the most important success factors in the oil industry. In other words, steps must be taken to investigate and eliminate loss of time, that is, unproductive time in the drilling rig in order to save time and cost and reduce wasted time. The data of six oil wells were approved for the purpose of the study, where it was noted that there are many factors affecting the NPT, which differ from one well to another. Its impact was limited to drilling rig, mud pump and equipment failure. There is also a difference between the planned program and what is actually happening on the ground, due to several reasons, including human errors during the implementation of the drilling program and others due to technical errors, Misuse of equipment, in addition to human errors related to the failure to implement the drilling program.
{"title":"Non-Productive Time Reduction during Oil Wells Drilling Operations","authors":"A. Assi","doi":"10.52716/jprs.v12i3.541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52716/jprs.v12i3.541","url":null,"abstract":"Often there is no well drilling without problems. The solution lies in managing and evaluating these problems and developing strategies to manage and scale them. Non-productive time (NPT) is one of the main causes of delayed drilling operations. Many events or possibilities can lead to a halt in drilling operations or a marginal decrease in the advancement of drilling, this is called (NPT). Reducing NPT has an important impact on the total expenditure, time and cost are considered one of the most important success factors in the oil industry. In other words, steps must be taken to investigate and eliminate loss of time, that is, unproductive time in the drilling rig in order to save time and cost and reduce wasted time. The data of six oil wells were approved for the purpose of the study, where it was noted that there are many factors affecting the NPT, which differ from one well to another. Its impact was limited to drilling rig, mud pump and equipment failure. There is also a difference between the planned program and what is actually happening on the ground, due to several reasons, including human errors during the implementation of the drilling program and others due to technical errors, Misuse of equipment, in addition to human errors related to the failure to implement the drilling program.","PeriodicalId":16710,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82555780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
اتضح من خلال البحث، إن الاقتصاد العراقي يعتمد على النفط بشكل كبير، بحكم امتلاكه احتياطي نفطي هائل؛ في أغلب مؤشراته الاقتصادية، إذ يحتل النفط ما نسبته 92% من الايرادات العامة و62% من الناتج المحلي الاجمالي وأكثر من 99% من الصادرات السلعية. ونظراً لضعف النظام السياسي والاقتصادي والاجتماعي، انعكس النفط بشكل سلبي على الاقتصاد والمجتمع، حيث أدى إلى غياب الاستقرار المالي والاقتصادي واستمرار بل وتفاقم حجم البطالة، وذلك بسبب تذبذب اسعار النفط في أسواق الطاقة الدولية ولا يمكن التحكم بها من جانب وطبيعة الصناعة النفطية التي تتم بكثافة رأس المال لا كثافة العمل مما نجم عنها زيادة البطالة من جانب ثانٍ. وخلص البحث إلى مجموعة من الاستنتاجات والتوصيات تمثلت في توظيف النفط بما يخدم الاقتصاد والمجتمع، مواجهة التحديات الداخلية كالفساد مثلاً والخارجية كالمرض الهولندي، وتنويع مصادر المالية العامة، وخلق روابط امامية وخلفية بين قطاعات الاقتصاد بما يؤدي لتنويع الاقتصاد والابتعاد عن الاحادية النفطية.
{"title":"دور النفط في الاقتصاد العراقي للمدة 2005-2020/ قراءة تحليلية","authors":"حامد الأملح","doi":"10.52716/jprs.v12i3.553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52716/jprs.v12i3.553","url":null,"abstract":"اتضح من خلال البحث، إن الاقتصاد العراقي يعتمد على النفط بشكل كبير، بحكم امتلاكه احتياطي نفطي هائل؛ في أغلب مؤشراته الاقتصادية، إذ يحتل النفط ما نسبته 92% من الايرادات العامة و62% من الناتج المحلي الاجمالي وأكثر من 99% من الصادرات السلعية.\u0000ونظراً لضعف النظام السياسي والاقتصادي والاجتماعي، انعكس النفط بشكل سلبي على الاقتصاد والمجتمع، حيث أدى إلى غياب الاستقرار المالي والاقتصادي واستمرار بل وتفاقم حجم البطالة، وذلك بسبب تذبذب اسعار النفط في أسواق الطاقة الدولية ولا يمكن التحكم بها من جانب وطبيعة الصناعة النفطية التي تتم بكثافة رأس المال لا كثافة العمل مما نجم عنها زيادة البطالة من جانب ثانٍ.\u0000وخلص البحث إلى مجموعة من الاستنتاجات والتوصيات تمثلت في توظيف النفط بما يخدم الاقتصاد والمجتمع، مواجهة التحديات الداخلية كالفساد مثلاً والخارجية كالمرض الهولندي، وتنويع مصادر المالية العامة، وخلق روابط امامية وخلفية بين قطاعات الاقتصاد بما يؤدي لتنويع الاقتصاد والابتعاد عن الاحادية النفطية.","PeriodicalId":16710,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79376220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Samira Mohammed Hamd-Allah, Osamah Shareef Abbas, M. K. Dhaidan
A 3D geological model is an essential step to reveal reservoir heterogeneity and reservoir properties distribution. In the present study, a three-dimensional geological model for the Mishrif reservoir was built based on data obtained from seven wells and core data. The methodology includes building a 3D grid and populating it with petrophysical properties such as (facies, porosity, water saturation, and net to gross ratio). The structural model was built based on a base contour map obtained from 2D seismic interpretation along with well tops from seven wells. A simple grid method was used to build the structural framework with 234x278x91 grid cells in the X, Y, and Z directions, respectively, with lengths equal to 150 meters. The total number of grids is (5919732) in the geological model. CPI (computer-processed interpretation) for 7 wells contain (facies, porosity, water saturation, and NTG) was imported to Petrel 2016 software. Facies log was upscaled and distributed along the 3D grid. Truncated Gaussian with trend method was used to distribute the facies taking into account the conceptual facies model of the Mishrif formation. The result shows that the trend of sedimentation suggests a retrogradation pattern from NW to SE. Facies1 (Reservoir), dominated by Limestone brown to light brown, with oil shows has good distribution within the area and thinning towards the NW. The petrophysical properties (porosity, water saturation, NTG, and permeability) were distributed using the Sequential Gaussian Simulation (SIS) method and the facies model as a guide for distribution. The results show that petrophysical properties enhanced in the southeast area, representing the reef region compared to the northwest side of the study area. Unit Mishrif B had the highest porosity value and lower water saturation value along the entire field. While the units Mishrif B1, B2, and B3 show a gradual decrease in reservoir properties towards the field's southeast side. The results also show that the conceptual facies model has great benefit in constructing the 3D geological model, reflecting the geological knowledge used to correctly distribute the reservoir properties (porosity and water saturation).
{"title":"Distribution of Petrophysical Properties Based on Conceptual Facies Model, Mishrif Reservoir/South of Iraq","authors":"Samira Mohammed Hamd-Allah, Osamah Shareef Abbas, M. K. Dhaidan","doi":"10.52716/jprs.v12i3.556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52716/jprs.v12i3.556","url":null,"abstract":"A 3D geological model is an essential step to reveal reservoir heterogeneity and reservoir properties distribution. In the present study, a three-dimensional geological model for the Mishrif reservoir was built based on data obtained from seven wells and core data. The methodology includes building a 3D grid and populating it with petrophysical properties such as (facies, porosity, water saturation, and net to gross ratio). The structural model was built based on a base contour map obtained from 2D seismic interpretation along with well tops from seven wells. A simple grid method was used to build the structural framework with 234x278x91 grid cells in the X, Y, and Z directions, respectively, with lengths equal to 150 meters. The total number of grids is (5919732) in the geological model. CPI (computer-processed interpretation) for 7 wells contain (facies, porosity, water saturation, and NTG) was imported to Petrel 2016 software. Facies log was upscaled and distributed along the 3D grid. Truncated Gaussian with trend method was used to distribute the facies taking into account the conceptual facies model of the Mishrif formation. The result shows that the trend of sedimentation suggests a retrogradation pattern from NW to SE. Facies1 (Reservoir), dominated by Limestone brown to light brown, with oil shows has good distribution within the area and thinning towards the NW. The petrophysical properties (porosity, water saturation, NTG, and permeability) were distributed using the Sequential Gaussian Simulation (SIS) method and the facies model as a guide for distribution. \u0000The results show that petrophysical properties enhanced in the southeast area, representing the reef region compared to the northwest side of the study area. Unit Mishrif B had the highest porosity value and lower water saturation value along the entire field. While the units Mishrif B1, B2, and B3 show a gradual decrease in reservoir properties towards the field's southeast side. The results also show that the conceptual facies model has great benefit in constructing the 3D geological model, reflecting the geological knowledge used to correctly distribute the reservoir properties (porosity and water saturation).","PeriodicalId":16710,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74990323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Faihaa Oilfield is a new exploration Iraqi Oilfield located in southern Iraq and within Mesopotamian Plain, including the Block 9 exploration area, along the Iraqi-Iranian border. The study area included Faihaa Oilfield (in Iraq) and Yadavaran Oilfield (in Iran). They belong to one anticline (Dome) structure separated by the Iraqi-Iranian border, without a geological boundary between the fields. The current study aims to achieve structural geology analysis to the study area (Faihaa/Yadavaran structure). The structural analysis included geometric and genetic analyses of the study area. According to geometric and genetic analyses results, the Faihaa/Yadavaran structure is classified as an anticline, gentle, upright, non-plunge, and asymmetrical. According to thickness variation, there are two types of formations’ folds are recognized, Thickened and Supratenuous fold generated by two folding mechanisms bending and buckle mechanisms. Bending form Supratenuous fold, perhaps due to the vertical uplift of salt structure and/or basement faults, while buckle produces Thickened fold because of the parallel tectonic movement causes collision between Arabian Plate and Eurasian Plate. Consequently, a special strain pattern was formed and the reservoir quality in the crest of Mishrif and Yamama Formations was the best. The fold axis of the Faihaa/Yadavaran structure has a Boomerang shape, whereas it is almost straight from south to the center of the structure, then tends to the NW with different deviations over the study area formations. This direction may be due to the anticlockwise rotation of the Arabian Plate motion. The results of geometric and genetic analyses revealed that may be Faihaa/Yadavaran structure is one structural trap formed by tectonic activities; Hormuz salt structures, reactivated Basement faults, and Collision between Arabian and Eurasian Plates. The intensity of the tectonic activities of the study area maybe be less than surrounding Oilfields, therefore, the Faihaa Oilfield formation's depth was deeper than adjacent Oilfields.
{"title":"Characterization of Structural Geology of Faihaa Oilfield, Southern Iraq","authors":"Aymen A. Lazim, H. F. Khazaal, M. Swadi","doi":"10.52716/jprs.v12i3.546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52716/jprs.v12i3.546","url":null,"abstract":" Faihaa Oilfield is a new exploration Iraqi Oilfield located in southern Iraq and within Mesopotamian Plain, including the Block 9 exploration area, along the Iraqi-Iranian border. The study area included Faihaa Oilfield (in Iraq) and Yadavaran Oilfield (in Iran). They belong to one anticline (Dome) structure separated by the Iraqi-Iranian border, without a geological boundary between the fields. The current study aims to achieve structural geology analysis to the study area (Faihaa/Yadavaran structure). The structural analysis included geometric and genetic analyses of the study area. According to geometric and genetic analyses results, the Faihaa/Yadavaran structure is classified as an anticline, gentle, upright, non-plunge, and asymmetrical. According to thickness variation, there are two types of formations’ folds are recognized, Thickened and Supratenuous fold generated by two folding mechanisms bending and buckle mechanisms. Bending form Supratenuous fold, perhaps due to the vertical uplift of salt structure and/or basement faults, while buckle produces Thickened fold because of the parallel tectonic movement causes collision between Arabian Plate and Eurasian Plate. Consequently, a special strain pattern was formed and the reservoir quality in the crest of Mishrif and Yamama Formations was the best. The fold axis of the Faihaa/Yadavaran structure has a Boomerang shape, whereas it is almost straight from south to the center of the structure, then tends to the NW with different deviations over the study area formations. This direction may be due to the anticlockwise rotation of the Arabian Plate motion. The results of geometric and genetic analyses revealed that may be Faihaa/Yadavaran structure is one structural trap formed by tectonic activities; Hormuz salt structures, reactivated Basement faults, and Collision between Arabian and Eurasian Plates. The intensity of the tectonic activities of the study area maybe be less than surrounding Oilfields, therefore, the Faihaa Oilfield formation's depth was deeper than adjacent Oilfields.","PeriodicalId":16710,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80124784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the petroleum industry, corrosion is a fundamental problem that causes many operational and commercial problems, which require careful consideration and comprehensive studies in order to discover suitable solutions. Among these problems is the occurrence of corrosion in the crude oil production equipment as well as in the transportation pipelines of petroleum products, which leads to their failure; thus, increasing the cost as a result of maintenance or replacement. To protect them from corrosion, different types of inhibitors are commonly used, in which small amounts of inhibitor are continuously injected, slowly forming a thin layer of inhibitor between them and the corrosive materials to protect them from corrosion. In this study, the performance of the corrosion process was examined under varying temperatures, namely 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 °C, at rotational speeds of 0, 500, 1250 and 2000 rpm. The concentrations of sodium nitrate (NaNO3) inhibitor were 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 g/l of crude oil, whereas the concentrations of castor oil inhibitor were 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 ml/l of crude oil. The results demonstrated that the corrosion rate of carbon steel in the crude oil decreases with the increase in the concentration of both types of inhibitors (NaNO3 and castor oil), while it increases with the rise in temperature and rotational speed. It was determined that the maximum efficiency of the green inhibitor (castor oil) in the crude oil was 93.7% at a concentration of 1.5 ml/l, temperature of 20 °C and a rotational speed of 0 rpm, while the maximum efficiency of the chemical inhibitor (NaNO3) in the crude oil was 98.6% at a concentration of 1.5 g/l, temperature of 20 ℃ and rotational speed of 0 rpm.
{"title":"Effect of heat and mass transfer on corrosion of carbon steel in a crude oil medium using corrosion inhibitors sodium nitrate and castor oil under different circumstances","authors":"Abbas Kh. Ibrahim Algburi","doi":"10.52716/jprs.v12i3.525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52716/jprs.v12i3.525","url":null,"abstract":"In the petroleum industry, corrosion is a fundamental problem that causes many operational and commercial problems, which require careful consideration and comprehensive studies in order to discover suitable solutions. Among these problems is the occurrence of corrosion in the crude oil production equipment as well as in the transportation pipelines of petroleum products, which leads to their failure; thus, increasing the cost as a result of maintenance or replacement. To protect them from corrosion, different types of inhibitors are commonly used, in which small amounts of inhibitor are continuously injected, slowly forming a thin layer of inhibitor between them and the corrosive materials to protect them from corrosion.\u0000In this study, the performance of the corrosion process was examined under varying temperatures, namely 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 °C, at rotational speeds of 0, 500, 1250 and 2000 rpm. The concentrations of sodium nitrate (NaNO3) inhibitor were 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 g/l of crude oil, whereas the concentrations of castor oil inhibitor were 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 ml/l of crude oil. The results demonstrated that the corrosion rate of carbon steel in the crude oil decreases with the increase in the concentration of both types of inhibitors (NaNO3 and castor oil), while it increases with the rise in temperature and rotational speed. It was determined that the maximum efficiency of the green inhibitor (castor oil) in the crude oil was 93.7% at a concentration of 1.5 ml/l, temperature of 20 °C and a rotational speed of 0 rpm, while the maximum efficiency of the chemical inhibitor (NaNO3) in the crude oil was 98.6% at a concentration of 1.5 g/l, temperature of 20 ℃ and rotational speed of 0 rpm.","PeriodicalId":16710,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80249934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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