Pub Date : 2019-06-21DOI: 10.7897/2277-4572.083138
Geetha Nayak, Ajantha, S ShashirekhaK, B. Anuradha
Kaphaja Pratishyaya is a frequently observed respiratory disease shows typical Ghana-Shwetha-Snigdha-Srava (thick-whitish-mucoid discharge) characteristic features of Nasa Srava (nasal discharge). Among the microbial flora of these nasal secretion’s organisms like Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli etc can be observed. Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) an herb, is known since Vedic period recognized for its medicinal and therapeutic use. It is referred to as Pratishyayaghna, Kaphakrith and Krimighna. Endophyte is bacterium or fungus that lives within a plant without causing apparent disease for at-least part of its life cycle these are present in all varieties of plants. The present study aims to evaluate sensitivity of secondary metabolites extracted from identified endophytic bacteria in Tulsi leaf (Ocimum sanctum) against Escherichia coli present in nasal culture of Kaphaja Prathisyaya. Patients of Kapahaja Pratishayaya were subjected for nasal swab culture and those with positive results for Escherichia coli were further used. The endophytic bacteria Bacillus cereus present in the Tulsi leaf was extracted and isolated. Further sensitivity test was performed by Agar well diffusion method and zone of inhibition was measured. The secondary metabolites extracted from Bacillus cereus exhibited krimghna (anti-microbial) action against Escherichia coli. Comparison of mean values of zone of inhibition at different concentrations of secondary metabolites extracted from Bacillus cereus showed higher mean value (21.27) at 62μg/ml concentration with slight difference in the mean value of other concentrations. Secondary metabolites have an affinity for bio-membranes present in the organisms as a consequence they show antimicrobial and cyto-toxic activities.
{"title":"IN VITRO STUDY OF ENDOPHYTIC BACTERIA BACILLUS CEREUS FROM TULSI LEAF AGAINST ESCHERICHIA COLI IN KAPHAJA PRATHISHYAYA","authors":"Geetha Nayak, Ajantha, S ShashirekhaK, B. Anuradha","doi":"10.7897/2277-4572.083138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7897/2277-4572.083138","url":null,"abstract":"Kaphaja Pratishyaya is a frequently observed respiratory disease shows typical Ghana-Shwetha-Snigdha-Srava (thick-whitish-mucoid discharge) characteristic features of Nasa Srava (nasal discharge). Among the microbial flora of these nasal secretion’s organisms like Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli etc can be observed. Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) an herb, is known since Vedic period recognized for its medicinal and therapeutic use. It is referred to as Pratishyayaghna, Kaphakrith and Krimighna. Endophyte is bacterium or fungus that lives within a plant without causing apparent disease for at-least part of its life cycle these are present in all varieties of plants. The present study aims to evaluate sensitivity of secondary metabolites extracted from identified endophytic bacteria in Tulsi leaf (Ocimum sanctum) against Escherichia coli present in nasal culture of Kaphaja Prathisyaya. Patients of Kapahaja Pratishayaya were subjected for nasal swab culture and those with positive results for Escherichia coli were further used. The endophytic bacteria Bacillus cereus present in the Tulsi leaf was extracted and isolated. Further sensitivity test was performed by Agar well diffusion method and zone of inhibition was measured. The secondary metabolites extracted from Bacillus cereus exhibited krimghna (anti-microbial) action against Escherichia coli. Comparison of mean values of zone of inhibition at different concentrations of secondary metabolites extracted from Bacillus cereus showed higher mean value (21.27) at 62μg/ml concentration with slight difference in the mean value of other concentrations. Secondary metabolites have an affinity for bio-membranes present in the organisms as a consequence they show antimicrobial and cyto-toxic activities.","PeriodicalId":16738,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical and Scientific Innovation","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84687248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-21DOI: 10.7897/2277-4572.083131
N. L. Flora, B. N. P. Cabral, Chetcha Bernard, Kengne Fotsing Christian, Tankeu Nzufo Francine, N. Pauline, P. Anatole, T. P. Bruno
Sickle cell anaemia (SCA) is a genetic disorder characterised by the presence of haemoglobin S in red blood cells. Current antioxidant treatments are expensive and long-term toxic effects can follow. The present study aimed at evaluating the antisicking and antioxidant properties of Theobroma cacao beans extracts in order to contribute to the management of SCA patients through new therapies based on natural substances. Cocoa bean extracts (from Santchou and Obala) were macerated in a mixture of water/ethanol (pH=3). The anti-sickling activities of both extracts followed by their effects on osmotic fragility of erythrocytes were assessed. Their antioxidant and scavenging activities on free radicals such as 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, 2,2’-azino-bis-[3-ethylbenz-thiazolone-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) were also investigated as well as their phenolic contents. The cocoa extracts from Obala presented the best antisickling activity with 64.34% sickle cell reduction after 24 h. The extracts from Santchou did not present any sickling reduction after the above-mentioned time. A decrease in the haemolytic percentage was observed while the concentration of saline and extracts were increasing. Cocoa beans extracts revealed a high content in polyphenols, flavonols as well as a high antioxidant potential and scavenged free radicals depending on the test sample concentration, with IC50 ranging between 1.93 and 2.34 μg/mL; 3.85 and 4.46 μg/mL and 3.53 and 4.61 μg/mL, on the free radicals DPPH, ABTS and NO, respectively. Theobroma cacao from Obala exhibited the best in vitro activity and constitute a preliminary step to the development of a future treatment against SCA.
{"title":"IN VITRO ANTISICKLING AND ANTIOXIDANT EFFECTS OF HYDRO-ETHANOLIC EXTRACTS OF THEOBROMA CACAO (STERCULIACEAE) FROM WEST AND CENTRE REGIONS IN CAMEROON","authors":"N. L. Flora, B. N. P. Cabral, Chetcha Bernard, Kengne Fotsing Christian, Tankeu Nzufo Francine, N. Pauline, P. Anatole, T. P. Bruno","doi":"10.7897/2277-4572.083131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7897/2277-4572.083131","url":null,"abstract":"Sickle cell anaemia (SCA) is a genetic disorder characterised by the presence of haemoglobin S in red blood cells. Current antioxidant treatments are expensive and long-term toxic effects can follow. The present study aimed at evaluating the antisicking and antioxidant properties of Theobroma cacao beans extracts in order to contribute to the management of SCA patients through new therapies based on natural substances. Cocoa bean extracts (from Santchou and Obala) were macerated in a mixture of water/ethanol (pH=3). The anti-sickling activities of both extracts followed by their effects on osmotic fragility of erythrocytes were assessed. Their antioxidant and scavenging activities on free radicals such as 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, 2,2’-azino-bis-[3-ethylbenz-thiazolone-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) were also investigated as well as their phenolic contents. The cocoa extracts from Obala presented the best antisickling activity with 64.34% sickle cell reduction after 24 h. The extracts from Santchou did not present any sickling reduction after the above-mentioned time. A decrease in the haemolytic percentage was observed while the concentration of saline and extracts were increasing. Cocoa beans extracts revealed a high content in polyphenols, flavonols as well as a high antioxidant potential and scavenged free radicals depending on the test sample concentration, with IC50 ranging between 1.93 and 2.34 μg/mL; 3.85 and 4.46 μg/mL and 3.53 and 4.61 μg/mL, on the free radicals DPPH, ABTS and NO, respectively. Theobroma cacao from Obala exhibited the best in vitro activity and constitute a preliminary step to the development of a future treatment against SCA.","PeriodicalId":16738,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical and Scientific Innovation","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89287529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-21DOI: 10.7897/2277-4572.083133
A. Dhyani, V. Chander, Nardev Singh
Vitamins are the organic substances which are very essential for the biological process of life. Insufficient vitamins in the body leads to decreased biological capabilities of body, which may cause various serious health problems. The requirement of vitamins in body is fulfilled by the nature while the supplementary intake of vitamins causes toxicity in body. Vitamins deficiencies is a common problem in the people of developing countries. Vitamins and dietary supplements are readily available in different formulations in wide variety of retail outlets without any regulations. In the recent years there has been a great increase on interest about hypervitaminosis, the intoxication resulting from an excess intake of vitamin. Hypervitaminoses are primarily caused by fat-soluble vitamins (D and A), as these are stored by the body for longer period than the water-soluble vitamins. Hypervitaminosis is a uncommon but serious form which is manifested after mega dose substitute in addition to other sources as well. The management primarily focuses on reduced dietary intake with proper attention to hydration along with discontinuation of vitamin therapy. In this study authors are trying to focus in the urgent attention on toxicity of vitamins and unwanted uses of vitamins in daily life.
{"title":"OVERDOSE RISK OF VITAMINS: A REVIEW","authors":"A. Dhyani, V. Chander, Nardev Singh","doi":"10.7897/2277-4572.083133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7897/2277-4572.083133","url":null,"abstract":"Vitamins are the organic substances which are very essential for the biological process of life. Insufficient vitamins in the body leads to decreased biological capabilities of body, which may cause various serious health problems. The requirement of vitamins in body is fulfilled by the nature while the supplementary intake of vitamins causes toxicity in body. Vitamins deficiencies is a common problem in the people of developing countries. Vitamins and dietary supplements are readily available in different formulations in wide variety of retail outlets without any regulations. In the recent years there has been a great increase on interest about hypervitaminosis, the intoxication resulting from an excess intake of vitamin. Hypervitaminoses are primarily caused by fat-soluble vitamins (D and A), as these are stored by the body for longer period than the water-soluble vitamins. Hypervitaminosis is a uncommon but serious form which is manifested after mega dose substitute in addition to other sources as well. The management primarily focuses on reduced dietary intake with proper attention to hydration along with discontinuation of vitamin therapy. In this study authors are trying to focus in the urgent attention on toxicity of vitamins and unwanted uses of vitamins in daily life.","PeriodicalId":16738,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical and Scientific Innovation","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75747373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-21DOI: 10.7897/2277-4572.083135
R. R., R. R
Naga Parpam is a Zinc Oxide based nano medicine, used in Siddha system. Physiochemical analysis is done for standardization of this medicine and to have knowledge of the working principle of this medicine. It has anticancer activity and it is seen in autoimmune diseases, there is a definite imbalance in the metals and in cancer, Zinc is depleted in cell level whereas it is accumulated in the blood plasma. Hence, for substitution of Zinc, it has to penetrate the cells and also it should be non-toxic, for which, Naga Parpam is considered. FTIR, SEM, EDAX, XRD and PL studies were done. The morphology shows that in Naga Parpam there are different sized particles, which falls in the nano size. This shows that this drug can penetrate at different penetration depths. Presence of Zinc, Oxygen, Silicon, Magnesium and Potassium has been established by EDAX studies. FTIR confirms the presence of ZnO, SiO2 and Mg. XRD confirms the presence of ZnO in hexagonal wurtzite structure. Secondary phase is seen, which is mainly due to Mg present in the sample. The broad peak at 525 nm, which is the characteristic peak for ZnO, from the PL studies also shows the disruption of structure due to the presence of Mg, which is also confirmed by the secondary phase in XRD. It is concluded that Naga Parpam is a potential candidate for substitution of Zn, in Zn depleted auto immune diseases and also in cancer.
{"title":"CHARACTERIZATION OF ZINC OXIDE BASED NANO SIDDHA MEDICINE NAGA PARPAM – POTENTIAL NUTRITIVE SUPPLEMENT IN CANCER","authors":"R. R., R. R","doi":"10.7897/2277-4572.083135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7897/2277-4572.083135","url":null,"abstract":"Naga Parpam is a Zinc Oxide based nano medicine, used in Siddha system. Physiochemical analysis is done for standardization of this medicine and to have knowledge of the working principle of this medicine. It has anticancer activity and it is seen in autoimmune diseases, there is a definite imbalance in the metals and in cancer, Zinc is depleted in cell level whereas it is accumulated in the blood plasma. Hence, for substitution of Zinc, it has to penetrate the cells and also it should be non-toxic, for which, Naga Parpam is considered. FTIR, SEM, EDAX, XRD and PL studies were done. The morphology shows that in Naga Parpam there are different sized particles, which falls in the nano size. This shows that this drug can penetrate at different penetration depths. Presence of Zinc, Oxygen, Silicon, Magnesium and Potassium has been established by EDAX studies. FTIR confirms the presence of ZnO, SiO2 and Mg. XRD confirms the presence of ZnO in hexagonal wurtzite structure. Secondary phase is seen, which is mainly due to Mg present in the sample. The broad peak at 525 nm, which is the characteristic peak for ZnO, from the PL studies also shows the disruption of structure due to the presence of Mg, which is also confirmed by the secondary phase in XRD. It is concluded that Naga Parpam is a potential candidate for substitution of Zn, in Zn depleted auto immune diseases and also in cancer.","PeriodicalId":16738,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical and Scientific Innovation","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85313127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-21DOI: 10.7897/2277-4572.083137
Amritha Rajan, M AshviniKumar, Lohith Ba
Introduction and Objectives: The quality of Ayurveda medicines has to be maintained from raw material selection to packaging. The present study was thus carried out using reliable, specific and sensitive quality control methods of analysis for standardization of raw drugs. Methods: Seven sample drugs were collected from Sri Dharmastala Manjunatheshwara Ayurveda Pharmacy, Udupi which included Rasna (Alpinia galanga), Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia), Aragwadha (Cassia fistula), Devadaru (Cedrus deodara), Gokshura (Tribulus terrestris), Erandamoola (Ricinus communis) and Punarnava (Boerhavia diffusa). The samples were subjected to detailed physico chemical study. Results and Discussion The parameters under consideration included Loss on drying, Total Ash, Acid Insoluble ash, Alcohol soluble and water-soluble extractive values. The result of the present study reveals that the selected sample drugs met the pharmacopeia standards in most of the criteria of assessment. The outcome of the work suggests periodical assessment of raw drugs for quality control of Ayurveda Formulations.
{"title":"PRELIMINARY PHYSICO CHEMICAL EVALUATION OF THE INGREDIENTS OF RASNA SAPTAKA KASHAYA","authors":"Amritha Rajan, M AshviniKumar, Lohith Ba","doi":"10.7897/2277-4572.083137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7897/2277-4572.083137","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Objectives: The quality of Ayurveda medicines has to be maintained from raw material selection to packaging. The present study was thus carried out using reliable, specific and sensitive quality control methods of analysis for standardization of raw drugs. Methods: Seven sample drugs were collected from Sri Dharmastala Manjunatheshwara Ayurveda Pharmacy, Udupi which included Rasna (Alpinia galanga), Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia), Aragwadha (Cassia fistula), Devadaru (Cedrus deodara), Gokshura (Tribulus terrestris), Erandamoola (Ricinus communis) and Punarnava (Boerhavia diffusa). The samples were subjected to detailed physico chemical study. Results and Discussion The parameters under consideration included Loss on drying, Total Ash, Acid Insoluble ash, Alcohol soluble and water-soluble extractive values. The result of the present study reveals that the selected sample drugs met the pharmacopeia standards in most of the criteria of assessment. The outcome of the work suggests periodical assessment of raw drugs for quality control of Ayurveda Formulations.","PeriodicalId":16738,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical and Scientific Innovation","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90953874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-02DOI: 10.7897/2277-4572.082128
Dayashankar Gautam, M. Gokhale, A. Patel, Meenal Raikwar
{"title":"AN IN VITRO STUDY OF AMELIORATIVE EFFECT OF COMBINATION OF ROOT EXTRACT OF OROXYLUM INDICUM WITH COW URINE DISTILLATE ON CYPERMETHRIN INDUCED CYTOTOXICITY ON HUMAN PERIPHERAL BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES USING MTT ASSAY","authors":"Dayashankar Gautam, M. Gokhale, A. Patel, Meenal Raikwar","doi":"10.7897/2277-4572.082128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7897/2277-4572.082128","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16738,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical and Scientific Innovation","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74067342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-02DOI: 10.7897/2277-4572.082127
Himal Barakoti, Suman Lamichhane, P. Goswami, Ananta Choudhury
{"title":"DETERMINATION OF SUITABLE METHOD OF PREPARATION OF MICROCAPSULES FOR BOTH WATER SOLUBLE AND INSOLUBLE DRUG","authors":"Himal Barakoti, Suman Lamichhane, P. Goswami, Ananta Choudhury","doi":"10.7897/2277-4572.082127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7897/2277-4572.082127","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16738,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical and Scientific Innovation","volume":"215 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86768142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-02DOI: 10.7897/2277-4572.082130
V. Mahajan, G. D. Basarkar, C. Upasani
{"title":"DEVELOPMENT OF SELF MICRO EMULSIFYING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM OF EZETIMIBE BY SPRAY DRYING TECHNOLOGY: CHARACTERIZATION, IN-VITRO AND IN-VIVO EVALUATION","authors":"V. Mahajan, G. D. Basarkar, C. Upasani","doi":"10.7897/2277-4572.082130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7897/2277-4572.082130","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16738,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical and Scientific Innovation","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76026554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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