Pub Date : 2026-07-01Epub Date: 2026-01-26DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2026.117068
Hana Kokot , Aljoša Bolje , Jakob Kljun , Andraž Bevk , Natalija Trunkelj , Lucija Peterlin Mašič , Janez Mravljak , Stane Pajk
A novel synthetic route to fluorescent nitrogen bridgehead fused pyridines (NBFPs) was discovered serendipitously during attempts to synthesize a thiazole derivative via a Hantzsch-type thiazole reaction from 2-cyanoethanethioamide and chloroacetone. A mechanism was proposed to rationalize the formation of NBFPs, which guided the subsequent expansion of the reaction scope and optimization of reaction conditions. The scope of the reaction was extended to include arylacetonitriles and esters of 2-(heteroaryl)acetic acids bearing an ortho-positioned pyridine-type nitrogen as a starting material. The structures of selected compounds were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. All synthesized NBFPs exhibited pH-sensitive fluorescence and Stokes shifts exceeding 100 nm in several cases. Two compounds, methylthiazole derivative 1 and quinoline derivative 8, displayed pH-dependent emission suitable for lysosomal labelling. However, live-cell microscopy revealed limited colocalization with lysosomal probe Lysotracker Red, suggesting that these probes may localize to other acidic environments as well. Both compounds showed pronounced spectral responsiveness and fluorescence lifetime variations, indicating potential for use as environment-sensitive intracellular sensors. The methyl thiazole derivative 1 exhibited particularly favourable properties, including high photostability, low background fluorescence, minimal cytotoxicity and polarity sensitivity. These findings position NBFPs as a promising class of fluorophores for live-cell imaging and intracellular sensing applications, and warrant further investigation into their structure–function relationships and environmental responsiveness.
{"title":"Serendipitous discovery of nitrogen bridgehead fused pyridines: photophysical properties and live-cell imaging potential","authors":"Hana Kokot , Aljoša Bolje , Jakob Kljun , Andraž Bevk , Natalija Trunkelj , Lucija Peterlin Mašič , Janez Mravljak , Stane Pajk","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2026.117068","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2026.117068","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A novel synthetic route to fluorescent nitrogen bridgehead fused pyridines (NBFPs) was discovered serendipitously during attempts to synthesize a thiazole derivative via a Hantzsch-type thiazole reaction from 2-cyanoethanethioamide and chloroacetone. A mechanism was proposed to rationalize the formation of NBFPs, which guided the subsequent expansion of the reaction scope and optimization of reaction conditions. The scope of the reaction was extended to include arylacetonitriles and esters of 2-(heteroaryl)acetic acids bearing an ortho-positioned pyridine-type nitrogen as a starting material. The structures of selected compounds were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. All synthesized NBFPs exhibited pH-sensitive fluorescence and Stokes shifts exceeding 100 nm in several cases. Two compounds, methylthiazole derivative <strong>1</strong> and quinoline derivative <strong>8</strong>, displayed pH-dependent emission suitable for lysosomal labelling. However, live-cell microscopy revealed limited colocalization with lysosomal probe Lysotracker Red, suggesting that these probes may localize to other acidic environments as well. Both compounds showed pronounced spectral responsiveness and fluorescence lifetime variations, indicating potential for use as environment-sensitive intracellular sensors. The methyl thiazole derivative <strong>1</strong> exhibited particularly favourable properties, including high photostability, low background fluorescence, minimal cytotoxicity and polarity sensitivity. These findings position NBFPs as a promising class of fluorophores for live-cell imaging and intracellular sensing applications, and warrant further investigation into their structure–function relationships and environmental responsiveness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16782,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A-chemistry","volume":"476 ","pages":"Article 117068"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146171726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-07-01Epub Date: 2026-02-10DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2026.117075
Bixuan Zhang , Jinbo Hao , Baonan Jia , Xinhui Zhang , Chunling Zhang , Ge Wu , Qiyu Li , Zhiyuan Zhou , Asim Rahim , Yiyuan Yin , Huanran Gong , Pengfei Lu
The development of efficient and corrosion-resistant photocatalysts for direct seawater splitting is pivotal for scalable green hydrogen production and carbon neutrality, yet it remains formidable challenges due to the slow water splitting reaction kinetics, salt corrosion and side reactions under the seawater condition (approximately pH = 8). Herein, we present a synergistic ion effect-regulated two-dimensional polyaramid (2DPA) photocatalyst tailored for seawater splitting, circumventing energy-intensive desalination. By introducing point vacancy defects into the precisely constructed 2DPA framework with multi-size microporous, more specifically, for the VC-2DPA material, the adsorption energy of H+ increases from −2.93 eV to −3.61 eV, while that of Cl− increases from −0.80 eV to −0.66 eV. we achieve exceptional salt tolerance, corrosion-resistance, and inhibition of side reactions. The defect engineering strategy optimize the band structure to reduces charge recombination, while the multi-size microporous framework (0.27–1.2 nm) facilitates rapid reactant diffusion and mitigates precipitate accumulation. Remarkably, the system sustains high photocatalytic activity (<0.56 eV)in artificial seawater (270 °C, pH = 8), demonstrating direct hydrogen generation from abundant marine resources without pretreatment. Mechanistic insights revealed that vacancy-mediated charge localization, pore-enabled mass transport, and synergistic ion effects in seawater collectively enhance the photocatalytic performance. This work not only establishes a sustainable pathway for seawater-to‑hydrogen conversion but also advances the practical deployment of marine-based renewable energy systems.
{"title":"Synergistic ion effect-regulated two-dimensional multi-size microporous Polyaramid: An efficient corrosion-resistant photocatalyst for seawater splitting","authors":"Bixuan Zhang , Jinbo Hao , Baonan Jia , Xinhui Zhang , Chunling Zhang , Ge Wu , Qiyu Li , Zhiyuan Zhou , Asim Rahim , Yiyuan Yin , Huanran Gong , Pengfei Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2026.117075","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2026.117075","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of efficient and corrosion-resistant photocatalysts for direct seawater splitting is pivotal for scalable green hydrogen production and carbon neutrality, yet it remains formidable challenges due to the slow water splitting reaction kinetics, salt corrosion and side reactions under the seawater condition (approximately pH = 8). Herein, we present a synergistic ion effect-regulated two-dimensional polyaramid (2DPA) photocatalyst tailored for seawater splitting, circumventing energy-intensive desalination. By introducing point vacancy defects into the precisely constructed 2DPA framework with multi-size microporous, more specifically, for the V<sub>C</sub>-2DPA material, the adsorption energy of H<sup>+</sup> increases from −2.93 eV to −3.61 eV, while that of Cl<sup>−</sup> increases from −0.80 eV to −0.66 eV. we achieve exceptional salt tolerance, corrosion-resistance, and inhibition of side reactions. The defect engineering strategy optimize the band structure to reduces charge recombination, while the multi-size microporous framework (0.27–1.2 nm) facilitates rapid reactant diffusion and mitigates precipitate accumulation. Remarkably, the system sustains high photocatalytic activity (<span><math><msub><mi>η</mi><mi>OER</mi></msub></math></span><0.56 eV)in artificial seawater (270 °C, pH = 8), demonstrating direct hydrogen generation from abundant marine resources without pretreatment. Mechanistic insights revealed that vacancy-mediated charge localization, pore-enabled mass transport, and synergistic ion effects in seawater collectively enhance the photocatalytic performance. This work not only establishes a sustainable pathway for seawater-to‑hydrogen conversion but also advances the practical deployment of marine-based renewable energy systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16782,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A-chemistry","volume":"476 ","pages":"Article 117075"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146171694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-07-01Epub Date: 2026-02-03DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2026.117096
Beatriz S. Cugnasca , Ana Beatriz R. Guimarães , César A.G. Dantas , Francisco W.M. Ribeiro , Iolanda M. Cuccovia , Carlos Lodeiro , Thiago C. Correra , Ataualpa A.C. Braga , Alcindo A. Dos Santos
In this work, a seleno-BODIPY derivative (BDP-Se) was synthesized, and its reactivity towards a set of representative nucleophiles (including RNH2, PhO−, OH−, PhS−, among others) was investigated. Spectroscopic and kinetic studies were conducted, enabling a comparative evaluation of the reactivity of BDP-Se with the selected analytes. The structures of the resulting products were confirmed through mass spectrometry. An unexpected substitution reaction of the “SePh” groups on the BODIPY core was accompanied by a turn-on fluorescence response, attributed to the inhibition of the Photoinduced Electron Transfer (PET) process. The reaction mechanism was investigated using a combination of spectroscopic experiments and computational analysis, supporting a Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution mechanism in which the chalcogen substituents act as leaving groups. Remarkably, reaction with OH− (Φ = 72%) at pH ≥ 12 in aqueous solution (H2O/THF, 50:50 v/v) leads to intense fluorescence, enabling selective detection of OH− under extreme alkaline conditions.
{"title":"Nucleophile-induced fluorescence activation in Seleno-BODIPY: Mechanistic insights and OH− sensing at extreme alkalinity","authors":"Beatriz S. Cugnasca , Ana Beatriz R. Guimarães , César A.G. Dantas , Francisco W.M. Ribeiro , Iolanda M. Cuccovia , Carlos Lodeiro , Thiago C. Correra , Ataualpa A.C. Braga , Alcindo A. Dos Santos","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2026.117096","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2026.117096","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, a seleno-BODIPY derivative (<strong>BDP-Se</strong>) was synthesized, and its reactivity towards a set of representative nucleophiles (including RNH<sub>2</sub>, PhO<sup>−</sup>, OH<sup>−</sup>, PhS<sup>−</sup>, among others) was investigated. Spectroscopic and kinetic studies were conducted, enabling a comparative evaluation of the reactivity of <strong>BDP-Se</strong> with the selected analytes. The structures of the resulting products were confirmed through mass spectrometry. An unexpected substitution reaction of the “SePh” groups on the BODIPY core was accompanied by a turn-on fluorescence response, attributed to the inhibition of the Photoinduced Electron Transfer (PET) process. The reaction mechanism was investigated using a combination of spectroscopic experiments and computational analysis, supporting a Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution mechanism in which the chalcogen substituents act as leaving groups. Remarkably, reaction with OH<sup>−</sup> (Φ = 72%) at pH ≥ 12 in aqueous solution (H<sub>2</sub>O/THF, 50:50 <em>v</em>/v) leads to intense fluorescence, enabling selective detection of OH<sup>−</sup> under extreme alkaline conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16782,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A-chemistry","volume":"476 ","pages":"Article 117096"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146171698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-07-01Epub Date: 2026-02-03DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2026.117094
E. Damla Akkaya , Nuran Asmafiliz , Reşit Cemaloğlu , Zeynel Kılıç , Tuncer Hökelek , Burcu Topaloğlu Aksoy , Bünyemin Çoşut , Leyla Açık , Damla Nur Parıltı , Remziye Güzel
This study was undertaken to report the synthesis, characterizations and potential applications of new hybrid inorganic/organic multiheterocyclic chiral dispirocyclotriphosphazene conjugates bearing ferrocenyl and carbazolyl pendant arms. Herein, from the reactions of tetrachloromono-ferrocenylspiro-(N/N)-cyclotriphosphazene, (FcSpiro-6)CH3(N3P3)Cl4 (1), with carbazolyl-diamines (2–4), only trans (2a-4a) and cis (2b-4b) isomers were regioselectively obtained as dispirocyclic products. Because cis- and trans-dispirocyclotriphosphazenes have two different spirorings and two non-equivalent chiral P-centers, they form pseudomesoracemates (RR′/SS′) and racemates (RR′/SS′), respectively. Structural characterizations were performed using a variety of spectroscopic techniques, including 1D and 2D NMR (1H, 13C, 31P, HSQC and HMBC), FTIR, mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. The crystal structures of trans-2a and cis-4b were elucidated by crystallography. The chiralities of trans-2a and cis-4b were further investigated by 31P NMR spectra using a chiral solvating agent (CSA), as well as by Circular Dichroism (CD) spectroscopy of trans-2a, trans-4a and cis-4b. Additionally, photophysical properties of trans-2a, trans-4a and cis-4b were investigated using UV–Vis and fluorescence spectroscopies and their fluorescence lifetimes were determined as 2.04, 2.26 and 9.50 ns, respectively. Also, antimicrobial activities of new phosphazenes were evaluated in vitro against bacterial and fungal strains. It was concluded that several compounds demonstrated significant antimicrobial efficacies. Plasmid pBR322 DNA binding interactions were analyzed to reveal the abilities of the compounds to trigger conformational changes and inhibit restriction enzyme cleavage. The results show that dispirocyclotriphosphazenes caused conformational changes in DNA. Moreover, three compounds were evaluated for their potential uses in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) and two phosphazenes were investigated for memory devices.
{"title":"Phosphorus‑nitrogen compounds: part 83. Molecular design, synthesis, and characterization of unsymmetrical Dispirocyclotriphosphazenes bearing Ferrocenyl and Carbazolylspiro (N/N) rings: Chirality, bioactivity, photophysical, dye-sensitized solar cell and memory function studies","authors":"E. Damla Akkaya , Nuran Asmafiliz , Reşit Cemaloğlu , Zeynel Kılıç , Tuncer Hökelek , Burcu Topaloğlu Aksoy , Bünyemin Çoşut , Leyla Açık , Damla Nur Parıltı , Remziye Güzel","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2026.117094","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2026.117094","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study was undertaken to report the synthesis, characterizations and potential applications of new hybrid inorganic/organic multiheterocyclic chiral dispirocyclotriphosphazene conjugates bearing ferrocenyl and carbazolyl pendant arms. Herein, from the reactions of tetrachloromono-ferrocenylspiro-(N/N)-cyclotriphosphazene, (FcSpiro-6)CH<sub>3</sub>(N<sub>3</sub>P<sub>3</sub>)Cl<sub>4</sub> (<strong>1</strong>), with carbazolyl-diamines (<strong>2</strong>–<strong>4</strong>), only trans (<strong>2a-</strong>4<strong>a</strong>) and cis (<strong>2b-4b</strong>) isomers were regioselectively obtained as dispirocyclic products. Because cis- and trans-dispirocyclotriphosphazenes have two different spirorings and two non-equivalent chiral P-centers, they form pseudomesoracemates (RR′/SS′) and racemates (RR′/SS′), respectively. Structural characterizations were performed using a variety of spectroscopic techniques, including <sup>1</sup>D and <sup>2</sup>D NMR (<sup>1</sup>H, <sup>13</sup>C, <sup>31</sup>P, HSQC and HMBC), FTIR, mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. The crystal structures of <strong>trans-2a</strong> and <strong>cis-4b</strong> were elucidated by crystallography. The chiralities of <strong>trans</strong>-<strong>2a</strong> and <strong>cis</strong>-<strong>4b</strong> were further investigated by <sup>31</sup>P NMR spectra using a chiral solvating agent (<strong>CSA</strong>), as well as by Circular Dichroism (<strong>CD</strong>) spectroscopy of <strong>trans-2a</strong>, <strong>trans-4a</strong> and <strong>cis-4b.</strong> Additionally, photophysical properties of <strong>trans-2a</strong>, <strong>trans-4a</strong> and <strong>cis-4b</strong> were investigated using UV–Vis and fluorescence spectroscopies and their fluorescence lifetimes were determined as 2.04, 2.26 and 9.50 ns, respectively. Also, antimicrobial activities of new phosphazenes were evaluated <strong><em>in vitro</em></strong> against bacterial and fungal strains. It was concluded that several compounds demonstrated significant antimicrobial efficacies. Plasmid pBR322 DNA binding interactions were analyzed to reveal the abilities of the compounds to trigger conformational changes and inhibit restriction enzyme cleavage. The results show that dispirocyclotriphosphazenes caused conformational changes in DNA. Moreover, three compounds were evaluated for their potential uses in dye-sensitized solar cells (<strong>DSSCs</strong>) and two phosphazenes were investigated for memory devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16782,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A-chemistry","volume":"476 ","pages":"Article 117094"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146171664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-07-01Epub Date: 2026-02-07DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2026.117100
Kai Zhang , Yuqi Kong , Dezheng Fang , Zan Zhang , Songsong Liu
Tailoring room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) in pure organic materials relies critically on molecular conformation and packing, yet a clear mechanistic understanding remains elusive. Herein, we conduct a comparative theoretical investigation on a planar carbazole derivative (Cz) and a structurally twisted analogue (Id) that exhibits four distinct conformers (Id1-Id4) in the solid state. Related photophysical properties are investigated by the density functional theory (DFT) coupled with the quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) and thermal vibration correlation function (TVCF) approach. Relative to planar Cz, the twisted Id conformation boosts spin-orbit coupling and intersystem crossing (ISC), yielding superior ISC and radiative rates. However, this distortion also introduces low-frequency vibrations and increases the reorganization energy, which facilitates non-radiative decay and shortens the phosphorescence lifetime. Notably, the conformational diversity inherent to the twisted scaffold enables multicolor RTP emission from a single molecular entity. Conversely, the planar Cz molecule exhibits a longer-lived RTP, as its tight packing and strong intermolecular interactions effectively suppress non-radiative decay. This study elucidates the dual role of molecular twisting in simultaneously enhancing and diminishing key photophysical processes, providing crucial insights for the rational design of efficient and color-tunable RTP materials through balanced conformational and packing control.
{"title":"Theoretical perspective for conformational engineering in a single molecule: Achieving multicolor room-temperature phosphorescence via tunable molecular packing","authors":"Kai Zhang , Yuqi Kong , Dezheng Fang , Zan Zhang , Songsong Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2026.117100","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2026.117100","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tailoring room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) in pure organic materials relies critically on molecular conformation and packing, yet a clear mechanistic understanding remains elusive. Herein, we conduct a comparative theoretical investigation on a planar carbazole derivative (Cz) and a structurally twisted analogue (Id) that exhibits four distinct conformers (Id1-Id4) in the solid state. Related photophysical properties are investigated by the density functional theory (DFT) coupled with the quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) and thermal vibration correlation function (TVCF) approach. Relative to planar Cz, the twisted Id conformation boosts spin-orbit coupling and intersystem crossing (ISC), yielding superior ISC and radiative rates. However, this distortion also introduces low-frequency vibrations and increases the reorganization energy, which facilitates non-radiative decay and shortens the phosphorescence lifetime. Notably, the conformational diversity inherent to the twisted scaffold enables multicolor RTP emission from a single molecular entity. Conversely, the planar Cz molecule exhibits a longer-lived RTP, as its tight packing and strong intermolecular interactions effectively suppress non-radiative decay. This study elucidates the dual role of molecular twisting in simultaneously enhancing and diminishing key photophysical processes, providing crucial insights for the rational design of efficient and color-tunable RTP materials through balanced conformational and packing control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16782,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A-chemistry","volume":"476 ","pages":"Article 117100"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146171669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-07-01Epub Date: 2026-01-29DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2026.117073
Quang-Khang Nguyen , Que-Minh T. Doan , Thanh Khoa Phung , Trinh Duy Nguyen
In this work, a simple and cost-effective method is proposed to synthesize Ag/BiVO4 heterojunction photocatalyst, a material already popular and well-studied for its photocatalytic performance. The aim is to retain the necessary structural, optical and electrochemical properties of the materials while enhancing their photocatalytic activity. BiVO4 was synthesized by solvothermal method, followed by depositing Ag nanoparticles via photoreduction using either 40 W LED and 300 W Xenon light. The prepared products were further characterized through various advanced techniques. The photocatalyst activities of the as-synthesized photocatalysts were evaluated by monitoring the photocatatytic degradation of ethylparaben under visible light irradiation. The results indicated that the Ag/BiVO4 heterojunction photocatalysts treated under both 40 W LED 0and 300 W Xenon light exhibited significantly improved in photocatalytic activity compared to bare BiVO4. Notably, the optimized 10%-Ag/BiVO4 catalyst treated under a 40 W LED retained its optimal structure and achieved highly efficient ethylparaben degradation, reaching approximately 94% removal efficiency within 240 min of irradiation. Futhermore, the photocatalytic activity of the Ag/BiVO4 catalyst under 40 W LED was higher than that under 300 W Xenon light, highlighting the advantage of LED illumination, which combines high activity with lower operating costs compared to Xenon lamps. The improvement in photocatalytic peformance of Ag/BiVO4 is primarily attributed to the localized surface plasmonic resonance (LSPR) effect of Ag nanoparticles, which facilitates the electron/hole separation and electrons promotes transfer for production of •O2− radicals, thus improving the overall photocatalytic activity. The research also investigates the mechanism of the reaction, the stability of the catalyst and provides insights into developing superior materials for treating persistent organic pollutants in wastewater.
本文提出了一种简单、经济的方法来合成Ag/BiVO4异质结光催化剂。Ag/BiVO4异质结光催化剂是一种广受欢迎的材料，具有良好的光催化性能。目的是保留材料的必要结构、光学和电化学性质，同时增强其光催化活性。采用溶剂热法合成BiVO4，然后在40 W LED和300 W氙灯下光还原沉积银纳米粒子。通过各种先进技术对制备的产物进行了进一步表征。通过监测可见光下对羟基苯甲酸乙酯的光催化降解，评价了所合成光催化剂的光催化活性。结果表明，在40 W LED 0和300 W氙灯下处理的Ag/BiVO4异质结光催化剂的光催化活性明显高于裸BiVO4。值得注意的是，在40 W LED下处理的10%-Ag/BiVO4催化剂保持了其最佳结构，并实现了高效的对羟基苯甲酸乙酯降解，在照射240 min内达到约94%的去除率。此外，Ag/BiVO4催化剂在40 W LED下的光催化活性高于300 W氙灯下的光催化活性，突出了LED照明的优势，与氙灯相比，它具有高活性和更低的运行成本。Ag/BiVO4光催化性能的提高主要是由于Ag纳米粒子的局部表面等离子体共振（LSPR）效应，促进了电子/空穴分离，电子促进了转移产生•O2−自由基，从而提高了整体光催化活性。该研究还探讨了反应机理、催化剂的稳定性，并为开发处理废水中持久性有机污染物的优质材料提供了见解。
{"title":"Improving photocatalytic degradation of Ethylparaben over Ag nanoparticles decorated BiVO4 Photocatalyst","authors":"Quang-Khang Nguyen , Que-Minh T. Doan , Thanh Khoa Phung , Trinh Duy Nguyen","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2026.117073","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2026.117073","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, a simple and cost-effective method is proposed to synthesize Ag/BiVO<sub>4</sub> heterojunction photocatalyst, a material already popular and well-studied for its photocatalytic performance. The aim is to retain the necessary structural, optical and electrochemical properties of the materials while enhancing their photocatalytic activity. BiVO<sub>4</sub> was synthesized by solvothermal method, followed by depositing Ag nanoparticles via photoreduction using either 40 W LED and 300 W Xenon light. The prepared products were further characterized through various advanced techniques. The photocatalyst activities of the as-synthesized photocatalysts were evaluated by monitoring the photocatatytic degradation of ethylparaben under visible light irradiation. The results indicated that the Ag/BiVO<sub>4</sub> heterojunction photocatalysts treated under both 40 W LED 0and 300 W Xenon light exhibited significantly improved in photocatalytic activity compared to bare BiVO<sub>4</sub>. Notably, the optimized 10%-Ag/BiVO<sub>4</sub> catalyst treated under a 40 W LED retained its optimal structure and achieved highly efficient ethylparaben degradation, reaching approximately 94% removal efficiency within 240 min of irradiation. Futhermore, the photocatalytic activity of the Ag/BiVO<sub>4</sub> catalyst under 40 W LED was higher than that under 300 W Xenon light, highlighting the advantage of LED illumination, which combines high activity with lower operating costs compared to Xenon lamps. The improvement in photocatalytic peformance of Ag/BiVO<sub>4</sub> is primarily attributed to the localized surface plasmonic resonance (LSPR) effect of Ag nanoparticles, which facilitates the electron/hole separation and electrons promotes transfer for production of •O<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup> radicals, thus improving the overall photocatalytic activity. The research also investigates the mechanism of the reaction, the stability of the catalyst and provides insights into developing superior materials for treating persistent organic pollutants in wastewater.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16782,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A-chemistry","volume":"476 ","pages":"Article 117073"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146081390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-07-01Epub Date: 2026-02-07DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2026.117105
Shujuan Meng , Qianhui Yuan , Jing Yu , Yi Wang , Yuting Mi , Jianbo Ma , Jie Shi , Wenbo Lv , Ping Zhang , Junxi Liang , Yanbin Wang , Qiong Su
Flexible surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates have garnered significant interest in recent years. However, their widespread application is often limited by the reliance on noble metals and complex fabrication processes, which increase overall cost. In this work, we demonstrate that commercially available carbon cloth (CCC), without any treatment or modification, can sever directly as an effective and flexible SERS substrate for detecting organic molecules like rhodamine 6G (R6G). The CCC substrate achieves a detection limit of ∼10−6 mol/L for R6G while exhibiting excellent recyclability and stability. We attribute the observed SERS activity primarily to a chemical enhancement mechanism, facilitated by the amorphous surface structure of CCC and its naturally formed nitrogen- and oxygen-containing function groups. This study highlights the potential of carbon-based materials and could inspire further exploration of low-cost, flexible SERS platforms.
{"title":"Commercial carbon cloth as a metal-free and flexible SERS substrate for detection of organic molecules","authors":"Shujuan Meng , Qianhui Yuan , Jing Yu , Yi Wang , Yuting Mi , Jianbo Ma , Jie Shi , Wenbo Lv , Ping Zhang , Junxi Liang , Yanbin Wang , Qiong Su","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2026.117105","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2026.117105","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flexible surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates have garnered significant interest in recent years. However, their widespread application is often limited by the reliance on noble metals and complex fabrication processes, which increase overall cost. In this work, we demonstrate that commercially available carbon cloth (CCC), without any treatment or modification, can sever directly as an effective and flexible SERS substrate for detecting organic molecules like rhodamine 6G (R6G). The CCC substrate achieves a detection limit of ∼10<sup>−6</sup> mol/L for R6G while exhibiting excellent recyclability and stability. We attribute the observed SERS activity primarily to a chemical enhancement mechanism, facilitated by the amorphous surface structure of CCC and its naturally formed nitrogen- and oxygen-containing function groups. This study highlights the potential of carbon-based materials and could inspire further exploration of low-cost, flexible SERS platforms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16782,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A-chemistry","volume":"476 ","pages":"Article 117105"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146171668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-07-01Epub Date: 2026-01-23DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2026.117058
Robeir Youssef , Maha M. Khaled , Mohamed A. Ismail , Hesham S. Abdel-Samad , Ayman A. Abdel-Shafi
The photophysical properties of a novel flexible fluorophore, 5-(5-(4-methoxyphenyl)thiophen-2-yl)picolinamidine, were investigated using steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy combined with multiparametric solvent analysis. TD-DFT calculations reveal a non-planar ground-state geometry that undergoes significant planarization in the excited state, facilitating charge transfer process. The compound exhibits intriguing excitation dependent dual emission, characterized by a high-energy band (local excited state, LE) and a strongly red shifted band indicative of an intramolecular charge-transfer (ICT) process. Time resolved decay analysis revealed universally bi-exponential kinetics, with the short lifetime component (τ₁, 0.2–1.7 ns) highly sensitive to solvent viscosity and hydrogen bonding, and the longer component (τ₂, 1.7–4.5 ns) representing the lifetime of a relaxed ICT state. A critical finding is the persistence of bi-exponential decay at long excitation wavelengths exclusively in protic solvents, attributed to pronounced hydrogen bonding excited state. Catalán's and Laurence's solvent parameter analyses quantitatively deconvoluted these effects, revealing that the fluorescence quantum yield is dominated by solvent rigidity (SP/DI >80%), while the ICT state energy is stabilized by dipolarity and hydrogen-bond acidity. Notably, Laurence's model demonstrated that the ICT state lifetime is governed by specific hydrogen-bond donation to the acceptor moiety (α = 66%). The ability to tune the relative intensity of the dual emission bands through solvent polarity and excitation wavelength demonstrates the potential of this single-component system for white-light-emitting applications. This study provides a profound understanding of how solvent interactions act as a molecular switch to gate excited-state pathways in flexible D-π-A architectures.
{"title":"Hydrogen bond sensitive molecular switch for dual emission from 5-(5-(4-methoxyphenyl)thiophen-2-yl)picolinamidine: An approach to white light emitters (III)","authors":"Robeir Youssef , Maha M. Khaled , Mohamed A. Ismail , Hesham S. Abdel-Samad , Ayman A. Abdel-Shafi","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2026.117058","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2026.117058","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The photophysical properties of a novel flexible fluorophore, 5-(5-(4-methoxyphenyl)thiophen-2-yl)picolinamidine, were investigated using steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy combined with multiparametric solvent analysis. TD-DFT calculations reveal a non-planar ground-state geometry that undergoes significant planarization in the excited state, facilitating charge transfer process. The compound exhibits intriguing excitation dependent dual emission, characterized by a high-energy band (local excited state, LE) and a strongly red shifted band indicative of an intramolecular charge-transfer (ICT) process. Time resolved decay analysis revealed universally bi-exponential kinetics, with the short lifetime component (τ₁, 0.2–1.7 ns) highly sensitive to solvent viscosity and hydrogen bonding, and the longer component (τ₂, 1.7–4.5 ns) representing the lifetime of a relaxed ICT state. A critical finding is the persistence of bi-exponential decay at long excitation wavelengths exclusively in protic solvents, attributed to pronounced hydrogen bonding excited state. Catalán's and Laurence's solvent parameter analyses quantitatively deconvoluted these effects, revealing that the fluorescence quantum yield is dominated by solvent rigidity (SP/DI >80%), while the ICT state energy is stabilized by dipolarity and hydrogen-bond acidity. Notably, Laurence's model demonstrated that the ICT state lifetime is governed by specific hydrogen-bond donation to the acceptor moiety (α = 66%). The ability to tune the relative intensity of the dual emission bands through solvent polarity and excitation wavelength demonstrates the potential of this single-component system for white-light-emitting applications. This study provides a profound understanding of how solvent interactions act as a molecular switch to gate excited-state pathways in flexible D-π-A architectures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16782,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A-chemistry","volume":"476 ","pages":"Article 117058"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146171671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-07-01Epub Date: 2026-01-27DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2026.117070
Shili Qin , Yuting Qin , Fenglong Jin , Dongsheng Zhao , Xinyu Liang , Liming Bai , Hongtao Chu , Lidi Gao , Shuren Liu
The integration of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) into hybrid materials capitalizes on the advantageous properties of both classes of materials, particularly addressing the aggregation-caused quenching effect associated with COFs to enhance their luminescence. Furthermore, COF/MOF hybrid materials represent a promising approach for the development of ratiometric fluorescent methods. In this study, we synthesized a hybrid material, TTP/UiO-66-NH2, characterized by the robust attachment of TTP COF to the surface of UiO-66-NH2 MOF via a Schiff base reaction. The TTP/UiO-66-NH2 hybrid material combined the strengths of both components, exhibiting remarkable stability, a broad pH tolerance, and excellent dual-emission fluorescence. Additionally, as a dual-emission fluorescent probe, TTP/UiO-66-NH2 effectively identified chlorotetracycline in three animal-derived food samples. This fluorescent probe demonstrated high selectivity, strong specificity, and superior anti-interference capabilities, along with a rapid response time of 25 s, a wide pH range (3.0–9.0), a high recovery rate (89.73–112.05%), an extensive linear range (0–220 μmol/L), and low detection limits (0.089–0.095 μmol/L). This research provided a novel fluorescent probe for the detection of chlorotetracycline and opened avenues for further applications.
{"title":"TTP/UiO-66-NH2 hybrid: a high-performance ratiometric fluorescent probe for the selective and rapid detection of chlortetracycline at a wide pH range.","authors":"Shili Qin , Yuting Qin , Fenglong Jin , Dongsheng Zhao , Xinyu Liang , Liming Bai , Hongtao Chu , Lidi Gao , Shuren Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2026.117070","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2026.117070","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The integration of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) into hybrid materials capitalizes on the advantageous properties of both classes of materials, particularly addressing the aggregation-caused quenching effect associated with COFs to enhance their luminescence. Furthermore, COF/MOF hybrid materials represent a promising approach for the development of ratiometric fluorescent methods. In this study, we synthesized a hybrid material, TTP/UiO-66-NH<sub>2</sub>, characterized by the robust attachment of TTP COF to the surface of UiO-66-NH<sub>2</sub> MOF via a Schiff base reaction. The TTP/UiO-66-NH<sub>2</sub> hybrid material combined the strengths of both components, exhibiting remarkable stability, a broad pH tolerance, and excellent dual-emission fluorescence. Additionally, as a dual-emission fluorescent probe, TTP/UiO-66-NH<sub>2</sub> effectively identified chlorotetracycline in three animal-derived food samples. This fluorescent probe demonstrated high selectivity, strong specificity, and superior anti-interference capabilities, along with a rapid response time of 25 s, a wide pH range (3.0–9.0), a high recovery rate (89.73–112.05%), an extensive linear range (0–220 μmol/L), and low detection limits (0.089–0.095 μmol/L). This research provided a novel fluorescent probe for the detection of chlorotetracycline and opened avenues for further applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16782,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A-chemistry","volume":"476 ","pages":"Article 117070"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146081391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-07-01Epub Date: 2026-02-04DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2026.117099
Hongting Fan , Yasong Cao , Haowen Huang , Sanbao Wang , Muheman Li , Huhu Wang , Yong Li , Shuangyu Dong , Chunxuan Qi , Hai-Tao Feng , Hengchang Ma
The development of aggregation-induced emission (AIE)-active materials by incorporating twisted electron donating (D) and accepting (A) skeletons into molecular structure with intramolecular anion-π+ interaction is an effective way to improve their applications in the field of biological sensing and imaging. In this study, four pyridinium-type cationic photosensitizers (TPA-Pyr-Bn, -BSA, -BSP, and -BSM) were designed and synthesized. These compounds share the same triphenylamine (TPA) as electron donor and pyridinium (Pyr) as electron acceptor, while differing in their sulfonamide-functionalized terminal moieties. To elucidate the sulfonamide substituent effect on the anion-π+ framework, comprehensive and systematic investigations were conducted, such as AIE behavior, piezochromic properties, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation efficiency and cellular imaging performance as well as antibacterial efficacy. The sulfamide groups enhanced the polarity of the aggregated state, which not only boosted the AIE activity of the AIEgens and exerted a decisive effect on their solid-state emission, but also induced distinct multiple emission behaviors during the grinding and fuming processes. Furthermore, based on optical characterization and theoretical calculations, it was revealed that the tails of sulfonamide give rise to a negligible influence on the molecular aggregation style and the intrinsic molecular energy gaps. Additionally, cellular colocalization and antibacterial assays successfully demonstrated that these compounds are highly promising functional materials with great potentials in the biological applications.
{"title":"The study of sulfonamide-functionalized cationic fluorophores: internal optical mechanisms, tunable mechanochromism and self-reporting antimicrobial activity","authors":"Hongting Fan , Yasong Cao , Haowen Huang , Sanbao Wang , Muheman Li , Huhu Wang , Yong Li , Shuangyu Dong , Chunxuan Qi , Hai-Tao Feng , Hengchang Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2026.117099","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2026.117099","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of aggregation-induced emission (AIE)-active materials by incorporating twisted electron donating (D) and accepting (A) skeletons into molecular structure with intramolecular anion-π<sup>+</sup> interaction is an effective way to improve their applications in the field of biological sensing and imaging. In this study, four pyridinium-type cationic photosensitizers (TPA-Pyr-Bn, -BSA, -BSP, and -BSM) were designed and synthesized. These compounds share the same triphenylamine (TPA) as electron donor and pyridinium (Pyr) as electron acceptor, while differing in their sulfonamide-functionalized terminal moieties. To elucidate the sulfonamide substituent effect on the anion-π<sup>+</sup> framework, comprehensive and systematic investigations were conducted, such as AIE behavior, piezochromic properties, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation efficiency and cellular imaging performance as well as antibacterial efficacy. The sulfamide groups enhanced the polarity of the aggregated state, which not only boosted the AIE activity of the AIEgens and exerted a decisive effect on their solid-state emission, but also induced distinct multiple emission behaviors during the grinding and fuming processes. Furthermore, based on optical characterization and theoretical calculations, it was revealed that the tails of sulfonamide give rise to a negligible influence on the molecular aggregation style and the intrinsic molecular energy gaps. Additionally, cellular colocalization and antibacterial assays successfully demonstrated that these compounds are highly promising functional materials with great potentials in the biological applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16782,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A-chemistry","volume":"476 ","pages":"Article 117099"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146171564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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