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Total Synthesis of the Cyanobacterial Alkaloid Nostodione A 蓝藻生物碱Nostodione A的全合成
IF 2.8 3区 化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, ORGANIC Pub Date : 2025-12-03 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202500787
Oscar F. Casadiego‐Díaz, Ángel Rentería‐Gómez, Teresa Ramírez‐Apan, Rubén O. Torres‐Ochoa
An efficient total synthesis of the indole alkaloid nostodione A is achieved in seven steps with an overall yield of 38.6%, starting from 1,3‐cyclopentanedione and 1‐iodo‐2‐nitrobenzene. Construction of the novel 3,4‐dihydrocyclopenta[ b ]indole‐1,2‐dione tricyclic intermediate is critical to the proposed synthesis and facilitates rapid access to the natural product. The active methylene group of the tricyclic indole intermediate is harnessed to incorporate the benzylidene moiety through a Knoevenagel condensation. The robustness and scalability of the synthesis enable the preparation of a library of nostodione analogs by merely altering the aldehyde partner. Finally, although nostodione A is classified as an inactive antiproliferative molecule according to the sulforhodamine B assay, unique novel cytotoxic molecules can be easily prepared using the nostodione A framework as an innovative template.
以1,3 -环戊二酮和1 -碘- 2 -硝基苯为起始原料,经7步合成吲哚类生物碱nostodione A,总产率为38.6%。新型3,4 -二氢环戊[b]吲哚- 1,2 -二酮三环中间体的构建对所提出的合成至关重要,并有助于快速获得天然产物。利用三环吲哚中间体的活性亚甲基通过Knoevenagel缩合结合苄基部分。该合成的稳健性和可扩展性使得仅通过改变醛类伙伴就可以制备一种甾酮类似物库。最后,虽然根据硫代丹胺B的测定,nostodione A被归类为无活性的抗增殖分子,但利用nostodione A框架作为创新模板,可以很容易地制备出独特的新型细胞毒性分子。
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引用次数: 0
Palladium‐Catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura Cross‐Coupling of Heteroaryl‐2‐Boronic Acids with Nitroaryl Halides 钯催化的杂芳基- 2 -硼酸与硝基卤化物的Suzuki-Miyaura交叉偶联
IF 2.8 3区 化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, ORGANIC Pub Date : 2025-12-03 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202500901
Xiaoyuan Zhang, Changhui Wu, Enpeng Wang, Yang Jin, Junhao Xing, Weijun Yao, Xiaowei Dou
Heteroaryl‐2‐boronic acids are challenging substrates in the Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction. Here, we report the efficient cross‐coupling of heteroaryl‐2‐boronic acids enabled by using nitro‐substituted aryl halides as the coupling partner under palladium catalysis. The nitro group not only boosts the reactivity of the reaction but also serves as a versatile handle for further functionalization. This method features a broad scope, excellent functional group tolerance, as well as high yields with a low catalyst loading under mild reaction conditions. The utility of the methods is demonstrated by the derivatization of the product and the efficient synthesis of pharmaceutical drug dantrolene.
在Suzuki-Miyaura交叉偶联反应中,杂芳基- 2 -硼酸是具有挑战性的底物。在这里,我们报道了在钯催化下,用硝基取代的芳基卤化物作为偶联剂,实现了杂芳基- 2 -硼酸的高效交叉偶联。硝基不仅提高了反应的活性,而且还作为进一步功能化的通用手柄。该方法适用范围广,具有良好的官能团耐受性,反应条件温和,催化剂负载低,收率高。通过产品的衍生化和药物丹曲林的有效合成证明了该方法的实用性。
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引用次数: 0
Electrochemical Intramolecular Aminobromination of Alkenes 烯烃的电化学分子内氨基溴化反应
IF 2.8 3区 化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, ORGANIC Pub Date : 2025-12-03 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202500808
Sara Colombo, Emanuele Cartamina, Marta Papis, Davide Spanu, Leonardo Lo Presti, Giovanni Macetti, Giovanni Poli, Alessandro Contini, Gianluigi Broggini, Camilla Loro
A versatile electrochemical method for the intramolecular aminobromination of alkenes has been developed. The method provides access to five‐, six‐, and seven‐membered heterocycles by exploiting tetrabutylammonium bromide as an electrolyte and bromine source. The mild electrochemical generation of Br 2 plausibly allows the formation of a cyclic bromonium intermediate, as supported by density functional theory calculations.
提出了一种用于烯烃分子内氨基溴化反应的通用电化学方法。该方法利用四丁基溴化铵作为电解质和溴源,获得五元、六元和七元杂环。在密度泛函理论计算的支持下,b2的轻度电化学生成似乎允许形成环溴中间体。
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引用次数: 0
Hoveyda–Grubbs 1 st and 2 nd Generation Precatalysts Modified in the Alkoxybenzylidene Part With Long (Fluorous) Chains: Catalytic Activity and Stability Hoveyda-Grubbs第一代和第二代长(氟)链烷氧基苄基部分改性预催化剂:催化活性和稳定性
IF 2.8 3区 化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, ORGANIC Pub Date : 2025-12-03 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202500654
Pavlína Dundálková, Markéta Rybáčková, Josef Cvačka, Jan Čejka, Jaroslav Kvíčala
With the aim to understand the role of the 2‐isopropoxybenzylidene ligand, we synthesized Hoveyda‐Grubbs 1 st and 2 nd generation precatalysts ( HG‐I and HG‐II ) analogs modified in the phenyl ring with 5‐octyloxy, 5‐(3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8‐tridecafluorooctyloxy), 5‐(2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7‐tridecafluoroheptyloxy) or 5‐(2,2,4,4,5,5,7,7,7‐nonafluoro‐3,6‐dioxaheptyloxy) ponytails and/or instead of isopropoxy group with longer decan‐2‐yloxy or 5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,10‐tridecafluorodecan‐2‐yloxy groups. To improve the fluorophilicity of the precatalysts, we further modified selected precatalysts by two or four 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8‐tridecafluorooctyl ponytails in the NHC ligand. All modified HG‐I analogs were more active than precatalyst HG‐I in the ring‐closing metathesis (RCM) of diethyl allyl(methallyl)malonate ( DEAMM , RCM3). On the other hand, only HG‐II complexes modified with fluorinated chain in the isopropoxy group surpassed commercial HG‐II precatalyst in the RCM3. In the most demanding RCM reaction of diethyl dimethallylmalonate ( DEDMM , RCM4), both precatalysts modified with sec ‐decyloxy group initiated more quickly than HG‐II , but seem to be less stable over long reaction times. Medium fluorous HG‐II analogs bearing two or three polyfluorinated chains in the alkoxybenzylidene ligand were successfully tested in repeated RCM3 using medium fluorous recycle. Release‐return mechanism, essential for medium fluorous recycle, was confirmed by partial exchange of the alkoxybenzylidene moieties in the recycled precatalysts using combinations of precatalysts and styrenes bearing different alkoxy groups.
为了了解2‐异丙氧基苄基配体的作用,我们合成了Hoveyda‐Grubbs第一代和第二代预催化剂(HG‐I和HG‐II)类似物,在苯基环上修饰5‐辛氧基,5‐(3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8‐三氟辛氧基)。5‐(2,2,3,3,4,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7‐三氟十烷氧基)或5‐(2,2,4,4,4,5,5,7,7,7‐非氟- 3,6‐二氧基)马尾和/或用更长的十二烷- 2 -氧基或5,5,6,6,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,10‐三氟十烷- 2 -氧基代替异丙氧基。为了提高预催化剂的亲氟性,我们进一步用两个或四个NHC配体中的3、3、4、4、5、5、6、6、7、7、8、8 -三氟辛基马尾修饰预催化剂。所有改性的HG - I类似物在丙二酸二乙基烯丙基(甲基)二酸酯(DEAMM, rc3)闭合复分解(RCM)中的活性均高于预催化剂HG - I。另一方面,在RCM3中,只有异丙氧基氟化链修饰的HG‐II配合物超过了商用HG‐II预催化剂。在要求最高的二甲基丙二酸二乙酯(DEDMM, RCM4)的RCM反应中,两种用二癸基修饰的预催化剂的起始速度都比HG - II快,但在较长的反应时间内稳定性较差。采用中氟循环,在重复RCM3中成功地测试了在烷氧基苄基配体中含有两个或三个多氟链的中氟HG‐II类似物。释放-返回机制是中氟循环所必需的,通过使用含有不同烷氧基的预催化剂和苯乙烯的组合,回收预催化剂中烷氧基苄基部分交换,证实了这一机制。
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引用次数: 0
Photoinduced Free‐Radical Preparation of Bis‐Phosphonates and Bis‐Phosphinates from Alkynes 炔基光诱导自由基制备双膦酸盐和双膦酸盐
IF 2.8 3区 化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, ORGANIC Pub Date : 2025-12-02 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202501057
Florian Vasco, Ilyana Gonzales, Béatrice Roy, Jean‐Pierre Uttaro, Suzanne Peyrottes
A one‐pot access to alkyl‐bisphosphonates and alkyl‐bisphosphinates was developed using affordable starting materials (terminal alkynes and low‐cost photoinitiator), no metal catalyst, neither ligand, and no or little amounts of solvents. The radical reaction proceeded smoothly under UV exposure, the reaction conditions were optimized and the scope of the reaction was explored.
采用经济实惠的起始材料(末端炔和低成本的光引发剂),不使用金属催化剂,不使用配体,不使用或少量溶剂,一锅制得烷基双膦酸盐和烷基双膦酸盐。在紫外照射下,自由基反应顺利进行,优化了反应条件,探索了反应范围。
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引用次数: 0
Photoinduced Deprotection of Tetrahydropyranyl Ethers with High Selectivity and Ultrahigh Efficiency 高选择性、超高效率光诱导脱保护四氢吡喃醚
IF 2.8 3区 化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, ORGANIC Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202501089
Xin Yang, Xianhui Sun, Pinzhu Qin, Yongna Lu, Xiamin Cheng
A photoinduced deprotection of tetrahydropyranyl (THP) ethers under mild and metal-free conditions is reported. The transformation proceeded well in good to excellent yields (up to 98%) in the presence of 0.1 mol% of BrCCl3. THP ethers of both aliphatic alcohols and phenols were deprotected efficiently with high selectivity. Other acid-sensitive protecting groups (AcO, NHBoc, and ketal) were well tolerated. This convenient methodology has also been successfully extended to typical natural product scaffolds, including amino acid derivative, sugar, and cholesterol derivatives.
报道了在温和和无金属条件下光诱导脱保护四氢吡喃(THP)醚。在0.1 mol% BrCCl3的存在下,转化进行得很好,产率高达98%。脂肪醇和酚类的THP醚都具有高选择性的脱保护作用。其他酸敏感保护组(AcO、NHBoc和酮)耐受性良好。这种简便的方法也已成功地扩展到典型的天然产物支架,包括氨基酸衍生物,糖和胆固醇衍生物。
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引用次数: 0
Density Functional Theory Study on Visible‐Light‐Driven Photocatalytic Carboxylation of Alkenes with CO 2 可见光驱动光催化烯烃与co2羧化反应的密度泛函理论研究
IF 2.8 3区 化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, ORGANIC Pub Date : 2025-11-30 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202500959
Huawei Ju, Hao Li, Yaqi Zhuang, Yang Li
Since cleaving C–C bonds for carboxylation with CO 2 is far more challenging because of their inherent and less favorable orbital directionality for interacting with transition metals, a photocatalytic approach for the deconstructive carboxylation of alkenes with CO 2 , is a remarkable methodology for producing carboxylic acids. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been carried out to study visible‐light‐driven photocatalytic deconstructive carboxylation of alkenes with CO 2 , which is reported by the Meng's group. The calculation results also confirm the experimental observation that under photoredox catalysis, α ‐amino radicals can be captured by C=C bonds to form hydroaminoalkylation products.
由于C-C键与过渡金属相互作用的固有和不利的轨道方向性,劈开C-C键与CO 2的羧基化更具挑战性,因此光催化方法与CO 2解构烯烃的羧基化是一种生产羧酸的显着方法。密度泛函理论(DFT)计算被用于研究由孟's基团报道的可见光驱动的烯烃与co2的光催化解构羧化反应。计算结果也证实了实验观察,即在光氧化还原催化下,α‐氨基自由基可以被C=C键捕获形成氢氨基烷基化产物。
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引用次数: 0
Nickel(II) Bromide Catalyzed Multicomponent Cyclization to Access 4‐Substituted 2‐Iminothiazolines 镍(II)溴化催化多组分环化制备4 -取代的2 -亚氨基噻唑类化合物
IF 2.7 3区 化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, ORGANIC Pub Date : 2025-11-28 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202500830
Vu H. Luu , Khoa H. D. Nguyen , Kien Q. Truong , Han B. Tran , Hoang V. M. Trinh , Thuy T. Ca , Tung T. Nguyen
A method is reported which allows for a three‐component cyclization of sulfoxonium ylides, aryl isothiocyanates, and amines to yield 2‐iminothiazolines. The method overcomes the limitation from the scope‐of‐substrate perspective. Success relies on the use of nickel(II) bromide, presumably acting as a Lewis acid catalyst. Investigation of substrate scopes reveals the compatibility of an array of useful functionalities.
报道了一种方法,该方法允许三组分环化亚砜酰化,芳基异硫氰酸酯和胺,以产生2 -亚氨基噻唑。该方法克服了从衬底范围角度的限制。成功依赖于溴化镍的使用,可能作为路易斯酸催化剂。对衬底作用域的研究揭示了一系列有用功能的兼容性。
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引用次数: 0
A Family of Methylene‐Bridged Fully Functionalized Polynitroarenes and Tetrazole‐Based Energetic Materials 一类亚甲基桥接全功能化聚硝基芳烃和四唑基含能材料
IF 2.7 3区 化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, ORGANIC Pub Date : 2025-11-28 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202500823
Amit Bijlwan , Priyanka Das , Prachi Bhatia , Vikas D. Ghule , Dheeraj Kumar
Herein, to fine‐tune the energetic properties of 2,4,6‐trinitrobenzene‐1,3‐diamine/diol, these are combined with tetrazole via a methylene bridge. This strategy unlocks the tunability of polynitroarenes performances via salt formation, which is restricted in directly CN connected polynitroarenes and azole derivatives. The amino/hydroxy functionalities between the nitro groups on the benzene ring provide extensive inter‐ and intramolecular hydrogen bonding interactions, contributing to improved stability, whereas the tetrazole ring increases the nitrogen percentage and energetic performance. Due to the presence of one and three labile protons in the amino derivative (compounds 4) and hydroxy derivative (compounds 5), respectively, a series of mono‐ and tricationic salts are prepared to further fine‐tune the overall performances. Among all the synthesized compounds, the tricationic energetic salt 10 (Dv = 8135 m s−1, IS > 40 J) exhibits energetic performance comparable to TATB and is insensitive. All the compounds are characterized through infrared spectroscopy, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, elemental analysis, and high‐resolution mass spectra studies. The relationship between structure and properties is further explored using Hirshfeld surface, noncovalent interaction, Localized Orbital Locator (LOL)‐π, and electrostatic potential analysis.
在这里,为了微调2,4,6 -三硝基苯- 1,3 -二胺/二醇的能量特性,它们通过亚甲基桥与四唑结合。该策略解锁了聚硝基芳烃通过盐形成性能的可调性,这仅限于直接连接C - N的聚硝基芳烃和唑衍生物。苯环上硝基之间的氨基/羟基官能团提供了广泛的分子间和分子内氢键相互作用,有助于提高稳定性,而四唑环增加了氮的百分比和能量性能。由于氨基衍生物(化合物4)和羟基衍生物(化合物5)中分别存在1个和3个不稳定质子,因此制备了一系列单离子盐和三羧酸盐,以进一步微调其整体性能。在所有合成的化合物中,三价能盐10 (Dv = 8135 m s−1,IS > 40 J)表现出与TATB相当的能能性能,并且不敏感。所有化合物都通过红外光谱、核磁共振(NMR)光谱、差示扫描量热法、元素分析和高分辨率质谱研究进行了表征。利用Hirshfeld表面、非共价相互作用、定域轨道定位器(LOL)‐π和静电势分析进一步探讨了结构与性能之间的关系。
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引用次数: 0
Ni(OAc)2 Catalyzed N‐Formylation of Primary Sulfonamides Using Carbon Dioxide at Ambient Pressure 常压下Ni(OAc)2催化伯胺N -甲酰化反应的研究
IF 2.7 3区 化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, ORGANIC Pub Date : 2025-11-28 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202500369
David Izuchukwu Ugwu , Ganesh Chandra Upreti , Ashish Garg , Anand Singh
A Ni(OAc)2 catalyzed N‐formylation of primary sulfonamides using gaseous carbon dioxide is reported. A range of aromatic, heteroaromatic, and aliphatic sulfonamides are formylated under ambient pressure of carbon dioxide in a closed system. This redox‐neutral method represents a mechanistically novel and operationally convenient method for employing carbon dioxide as a formyl equivalent.
本文报道了用气态二氧化碳催化A - Ni(OAc)2催化伯胺N -甲酰化反应。一系列芳香族、杂芳香族和脂肪族磺胺类化合物在二氧化碳的环境压力下在封闭系统中甲酰化。这种氧化还原中性方法代表了一种机械新颖和操作方便的方法,用于将二氧化碳作为甲酰基当量。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
European Journal of Organic Chemistry
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