Prabhas Bhaumick, Nurabul Mondal, Lokman H. Choudhury
Herein we report for the first time a sunlight‐driven, irreversible photocyclization reaction of indole‐linked trisubstituted thiazoles, for the synthesis of highly fluorescent thiazole‐fused benzo[a]carbazoles using a mixture of solvents (CH3CN: DMSO; 3 : 1). Ring opening of indole moiety was observed in the case of thiazole derivatives having 2‐methyl indole substituents. Under similar reaction conditions, photocyclization of trisubstituted thiazoles having cyclic 1,3‐dicarbonyls in place of indole moiety also worked. This reaction provides products having two medicinally important moieties thiazole and benzocarbazoles. We have studied the photophysical properties of all the products and found that most of the synthesized products have very good fluorescence quantum yields.
{"title":"Synthesis of Highly Fluorescent Thiazole Fused Benzo[a] Carbazoles by Sunlight Driven Photocyclization of Indolylthiazoles","authors":"Prabhas Bhaumick, Nurabul Mondal, Lokman H. Choudhury","doi":"10.1002/ejoc.202400972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.202400972","url":null,"abstract":"Herein we report for the first time a sunlight‐driven, irreversible photocyclization reaction of indole‐linked trisubstituted thiazoles, for the synthesis of highly fluorescent thiazole‐fused benzo[<jats:italic>a</jats:italic>]carbazoles using a mixture of solvents (CH<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>CN: DMSO; 3 : 1). Ring opening of indole moiety was observed in the case of thiazole derivatives having 2‐methyl indole substituents. Under similar reaction conditions, photocyclization of trisubstituted thiazoles having cyclic 1,3‐dicarbonyls in place of indole moiety also worked. This reaction provides products having two medicinally important moieties thiazole and benzocarbazoles. We have studied the photophysical properties of all the products and found that most of the synthesized products have very good fluorescence quantum yields.","PeriodicalId":167,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142673382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Saturated carbon chain elongation is a common refrain in numerous synthetic pathways. While the formation of C-C single bonds is of primary importance in organic synthesis, simultaneous introduction of functional groups such as nitrile or ester can reasonably increase its practical utility to prepare multifunctional products. Knoevenagel reaction is one of the powerful tools to create carbon backbones of organic molecules; however, it requires subsequent reduction and/or decarboxylation to achieve a product with a saturated carbon chain. Herein we report a convenient one-step protocol for the reductive condensation between methyl cyanoacetate and aldehydes in the presence of stable, ecologically benign, cheap and available in bulk amounts sodium hypophosphite as a reductant. A description of both the reaction capabilities and limitations is given in this paper.
{"title":"Tandem, Catalyst-Free C-C Synthesis of Nitriles from Aldehydes and Methyl Cyanoacetate with Sodium Hypophosphite","authors":"Vasily Korochantsev, Artemy Fatkulin, Evgeniya Podyacheva, Alexander Boldyrev, Oleg Afanasyev, Denis Chusov","doi":"10.1002/ejoc.202401108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.202401108","url":null,"abstract":"Saturated carbon chain elongation is a common refrain in numerous synthetic pathways. While the formation of C-C single bonds is of primary importance in organic synthesis, simultaneous introduction of functional groups such as nitrile or ester can reasonably increase its practical utility to prepare multifunctional products. Knoevenagel reaction is one of the powerful tools to create carbon backbones of organic molecules; however, it requires subsequent reduction and/or decarboxylation to achieve a product with a saturated carbon chain. Herein we report a convenient one-step protocol for the reductive condensation between methyl cyanoacetate and aldehydes in the presence of stable, ecologically benign, cheap and available in bulk amounts sodium hypophosphite as a reductant. A description of both the reaction capabilities and limitations is given in this paper.","PeriodicalId":167,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142670375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Manuel B. Marques, Joana R. M. Ferreira, Bruna F. L. Guerreiro, Fábio M. F. Santos, Samuel Guieu
The unique reactivity and stability of enamides make them attractive reagents in organic synthesis. Herein, we investigated the reactivity of acetanilides and pyridyl acetamides in the formation of a C–N bond through a Chan-Evans-Lam reaction using arylalkenyl boron-based reagents yielding a wide scope of N-aryl enamides with an E configuration. The products obtained have been applied in the synthesis of N-heterocycles, an important scaffold in several biologically active compounds, via sequential Heck reaction to prove the practical utility of the prepared N-aryl enamides.
烯酰胺独特的反应活性和稳定性使其成为有机合成中极具吸引力的试剂。在此,我们研究了乙酰苯胺和吡啶基乙酰酰胺在使用芳基烯基硼基试剂通过 Chan-Evans-Lam 反应形成 C-N 键时的反应活性,得到了多种具有 E 构型的 N 芳基烯酰胺。所得到的产物通过连续的赫克反应被用于合成 N-杂环,这是多种生物活性化合物的重要支架,从而证明了所制备的 N-芳基烯酰胺的实用性。
{"title":"Exploring the reactivity of (hetero)aryl amides in the Chan-Evans-Lam reaction with arylalkenyl boron reagents","authors":"M. Manuel B. Marques, Joana R. M. Ferreira, Bruna F. L. Guerreiro, Fábio M. F. Santos, Samuel Guieu","doi":"10.1002/ejoc.202400805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.202400805","url":null,"abstract":"The unique reactivity and stability of enamides make them attractive reagents in organic synthesis. Herein, we investigated the reactivity of acetanilides and pyridyl acetamides in the formation of a C–N bond through a Chan-Evans-Lam reaction using arylalkenyl boron-based reagents yielding a wide scope of N-aryl enamides with an E configuration. The products obtained have been applied in the synthesis of N-heterocycles, an important scaffold in several biologically active compounds, via sequential Heck reaction to prove the practical utility of the prepared N-aryl enamides.","PeriodicalId":167,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142670380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Efficient syntheses of mono-, di-, and heterodihalogenated derivatives of tyrosine N-oxime methyl ester are reported. Monohalogenation with N-bromosuccinimide (NBS), N-chlorosuccinimide (NCS) or N-iodosuccinimide (NIS) was optimized by addition of acid to suppress dihalogenation, affording bromo, chloro, and iodo derivatives in 71%, 50-53%, and 78-80% yields, respectively. Homodihalogenation utilized a two-step, one-flask process via a spirocyclic intermediate, yielding dibromo, dichloro, and diiodo analogues, respectively (75-76%, 54-56%, 79-80%). This strategy was extended to synthesize heterodihalogenated bromochloro, bromoiodo, and chloroiodo derivatives from monohalogenated analogues (50-77%). Key to this approach was the formation of an oxidized spirocyclic intermediate using excess N-halosuccinimide, followed by Na₂S₂O₄ reduction. This method ensures complete conversion and simplifies purification. Nine halogenated building blocks were prepared. These methods provide practical access to versatile precursors for natural product synthesis and derivatization, offering potential for diverse synthetic applications including regioselective palladium-catalyzed couplings.
{"title":"On the Halogenation of Tyrosine N-Oxime Methyl Ester","authors":"Morgan Payne, Luke Fossatti, Stephen Chamberland","doi":"10.1002/ejoc.202401153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.202401153","url":null,"abstract":"Efficient syntheses of mono-, di-, and heterodihalogenated derivatives of tyrosine N-oxime methyl ester are reported. Monohalogenation with N-bromosuccinimide (NBS), N-chlorosuccinimide (NCS) or N-iodosuccinimide (NIS) was optimized by addition of acid to suppress dihalogenation, affording bromo, chloro, and iodo derivatives in 71%, 50-53%, and 78-80% yields, respectively. Homodihalogenation utilized a two-step, one-flask process via a spirocyclic intermediate, yielding dibromo, dichloro, and diiodo analogues, respectively (75-76%, 54-56%, 79-80%). This strategy was extended to synthesize heterodihalogenated bromochloro, bromoiodo, and chloroiodo derivatives from monohalogenated analogues (50-77%). Key to this approach was the formation of an oxidized spirocyclic intermediate using excess N-halosuccinimide, followed by Na₂S₂O₄ reduction. This method ensures complete conversion and simplifies purification. Nine halogenated building blocks were prepared. These methods provide practical access to versatile precursors for natural product synthesis and derivatization, offering potential for diverse synthetic applications including regioselective palladium-catalyzed couplings.","PeriodicalId":167,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"227 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142670385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pamela Mendioroz, Andrés I. Casoni, María A. Volpe, Darío C. Gerbino
The transition from traditional stoichiometric methods to catalytic processes has significantly advanced the synthesis of xanthones, privileged structures with diverse biological activities. This review critically examines various homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic methodologies, emphasising their efficiency, and adherence to green chemistry principles. Through comparative analysis of key metrics such as Reaction Mass Efficiency (RME), Process Mass Intensity (PMI), E‐factor, and Turnover Number (TON), we highlight the superior performance of heterogeneous catalysts, which demonstrate high reusability, selectivity, and minimal waste generation. The choice of solvent, a crucial factor in the environmental footprint of these processes, is also assessed, focusing on greener alternatives. The robust nature and economic viability of heterogeneous catalysts make them ideal for large‐scale applications, offering suitable solutions for more environmentally‐friendly xanthone production. Furthermore, the reduction in byproducts and the importance of catalyst purity in pharmaceutical applications are discussed, underscoring the relevance of these advancements in meeting the rigorous standards of the industry. This review provides valuable insights into the ongoing evolution of catalytic strategies in xanthone synthesis, driving future developments in medicinal chemistry and green chemistry.
{"title":"Xanthone Synthesis through Catalysis: Exploring the Green Limits of Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Methods","authors":"Pamela Mendioroz, Andrés I. Casoni, María A. Volpe, Darío C. Gerbino","doi":"10.1002/ejoc.202401027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.202401027","url":null,"abstract":"The transition from traditional stoichiometric methods to catalytic processes has significantly advanced the synthesis of xanthones, privileged structures with diverse biological activities. This review critically examines various homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic methodologies, emphasising their efficiency, and adherence to green chemistry principles. Through comparative analysis of key metrics such as Reaction Mass Efficiency (RME), Process Mass Intensity (PMI), E‐factor, and Turnover Number (TON), we highlight the superior performance of heterogeneous catalysts, which demonstrate high reusability, selectivity, and minimal waste generation. The choice of solvent, a crucial factor in the environmental footprint of these processes, is also assessed, focusing on greener alternatives. The robust nature and economic viability of heterogeneous catalysts make them ideal for large‐scale applications, offering suitable solutions for more environmentally‐friendly xanthone production. Furthermore, the reduction in byproducts and the importance of catalyst purity in pharmaceutical applications are discussed, underscoring the relevance of these advancements in meeting the rigorous standards of the industry. This review provides valuable insights into the ongoing evolution of catalytic strategies in xanthone synthesis, driving future developments in medicinal chemistry and green chemistry.","PeriodicalId":167,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"123 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142637212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Américo J. S. Alves, João A. D. Silvestre, Teresa M. V. D. Pinho e Melo
The Front Cover illustrates the development of continuous flow spirocyclization of 6-alkylidenepenicillanates leading to chiral spiro-β-lactams through phosphine-catalyzed [3+2] annulation of allenoates and 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition with diphenyldiazomethane. The continuous-flow synthesis of spirocyclopropanepenicillanates through thermal ring contraction of spiro-1-pyrazolinepenicillanates was also included in the study. The reported methodology is a more sustainable approach for the scale-up production of compounds with significant biological properties in high yields. More information can be found in the Research Article by T. M. V. D. Pinho e Melo and co-workers (DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202400689).