Reproductive interference, an interspecific interaction in reproductive process that exerts an adverse effect, has gained attention as a contributing factor in promoting exclusive distributions between closely related species. However, detailed studies on the possibility of reproductive interference between native plants are still lacking, presumably because strong reproductive interference can rapidly realize exclusive distributions, leaving the two species apparently independent. Salvia japonica and S. lutescens are found in separate localities at a small scale, although their distributions overlap at a large scale. We investigated the possibility of reproductive interference between them through field surveys, hand-pollination experiments, evaluation of hybrid fertility, cpDNA and nrDNA genotyping, and genome-wide DNA analysis. The field survey results did not reveal apparent negative interaction in competition for pollinator services. Mixed pollination with conspecific pollen and counterpart pollen reduced seed set in S. japonica, and hybrid progeny produced by mixed pollination were less than 20% as fertile compared to the pure species. The DNA genotyping results suggested the possibility of hybridization where their distributions overlap, and the genome-wide DNA analysis results showed clear genetic differentiation between the two species as well as the existence of hybrids. These results suggest that bi-directional reproductive interference between S. japonica and S. lutescens may have led to their present separated distributions at a small scale.
生殖干扰是指在生殖过程中产生不利影响的种间相互作用,它作为促进近缘物种之间排他性分布的一个因素而受到关注。然而,有关本地植物间生殖干扰可能性的详细研究仍然缺乏,这可能是因为强烈的生殖干扰会迅速实现排他性分布,使两个物种表面上看似独立。Salvia japonica 和 S. lutescens 在小范围内分布在不同的地方,但在大范围内它们的分布是重叠的。我们通过野外调查、人工授粉实验、杂交育种能力评估、cpDNA 和 nrDNA 基因分型以及全基因组 DNA 分析,研究了它们之间生殖干扰的可能性。田间调查结果显示,在授粉者服务竞争方面没有明显的负面相互作用。用同种花粉和对等花粉混合授粉会降低 S. japonica 的结籽率,混合授粉产生的杂交后代的繁殖力低于纯种的 20%。DNA 基因分型结果表明,在两个物种分布重叠的地方存在杂交的可能性,而全基因组 DNA 分析结果表明,两个物种之间存在明显的遗传分化以及杂交种的存在。这些结果表明,S. japonica 和 S. lutescens 之间的双向生殖干扰可能导致了它们目前在小范围内的分布分离。
{"title":"Detection of reproductive interference between closely related Salvia species with small-scale separated distributions by multifaceted pollination and molecular analyses.","authors":"Sachiko Nishida, Atsuko Takano, Yoshihisa Suyama, Satoshi Kakishima","doi":"10.1007/s10265-024-01577-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10265-024-01577-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Reproductive interference, an interspecific interaction in reproductive process that exerts an adverse effect, has gained attention as a contributing factor in promoting exclusive distributions between closely related species. However, detailed studies on the possibility of reproductive interference between native plants are still lacking, presumably because strong reproductive interference can rapidly realize exclusive distributions, leaving the two species apparently independent. Salvia japonica and S. lutescens are found in separate localities at a small scale, although their distributions overlap at a large scale. We investigated the possibility of reproductive interference between them through field surveys, hand-pollination experiments, evaluation of hybrid fertility, cpDNA and nrDNA genotyping, and genome-wide DNA analysis. The field survey results did not reveal apparent negative interaction in competition for pollinator services. Mixed pollination with conspecific pollen and counterpart pollen reduced seed set in S. japonica, and hybrid progeny produced by mixed pollination were less than 20% as fertile compared to the pure species. The DNA genotyping results suggested the possibility of hybridization where their distributions overlap, and the genome-wide DNA analysis results showed clear genetic differentiation between the two species as well as the existence of hybrids. These results suggest that bi-directional reproductive interference between S. japonica and S. lutescens may have led to their present separated distributions at a small scale.</p>","PeriodicalId":16813,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142108609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-28DOI: 10.1007/s10265-024-01568-7
Jieqiong Song, Lantong Zhao, Yiming Ma, Xiaoqi Cao, Ruixuan An, Jingying Zhao, Haoran Ding, Hongfei Wang, Changping Li, Qiuli Li
Soil salinization has been considered as a major environmental threat to plant growth. Different types of salt in saline soil have different effects on germination and seedling growth. Effect of NaCl on germination and seedling establishment in Suaeda liaotungensis have been reported, but its response to alkali stress remains unclear. Our results showed that brown seeds had higher germination rate, however, black seeds had higher germination recovery percentage under alkali stress. Na2CO3 had stronger inhibitory effect on germination and seedling growth than NaHCO3. As the concentration of alkali stress increased, the ROS level of brown seeds gradually ascended, while that of black seeds decreased first and then ascended. MDA content of dimorphic seeds significantly increased under alkali stress. The trend of SOD, POD and CAT activity between dimorphic seeds was similar under the same type of alkali stress. Alkali stress enhanced proline content of dimorphic seeds, and dimorphic seeds in NaHCO3 solution had higher proline content than Na2CO3 solution. Moreover, radicle and shoot tolerance indexes of seedlings in NaHCO3 solution were significantly higher than that of Na2CO3 solution. Under strong alkali stress, seedlings in NaHCO3 solution had significantly lower ROS level and MDA content as well as higher antioxidant enzyme activity than Na2CO3 solution. This study comprehensively compared the morphological and physiological characteristics in germination and seedlings to better reveal the saline-alkali tolerance mechanisms in S. liaotungensis.
{"title":"Response of seed germination, seedling growth and physiological characteristics to alkali stress in halophyte Suaeda liaotungensis.","authors":"Jieqiong Song, Lantong Zhao, Yiming Ma, Xiaoqi Cao, Ruixuan An, Jingying Zhao, Haoran Ding, Hongfei Wang, Changping Li, Qiuli Li","doi":"10.1007/s10265-024-01568-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10265-024-01568-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Soil salinization has been considered as a major environmental threat to plant growth. Different types of salt in saline soil have different effects on germination and seedling growth. Effect of NaCl on germination and seedling establishment in Suaeda liaotungensis have been reported, but its response to alkali stress remains unclear. Our results showed that brown seeds had higher germination rate, however, black seeds had higher germination recovery percentage under alkali stress. Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> had stronger inhibitory effect on germination and seedling growth than NaHCO<sub>3</sub>. As the concentration of alkali stress increased, the ROS level of brown seeds gradually ascended, while that of black seeds decreased first and then ascended. MDA content of dimorphic seeds significantly increased under alkali stress. The trend of SOD, POD and CAT activity between dimorphic seeds was similar under the same type of alkali stress. Alkali stress enhanced proline content of dimorphic seeds, and dimorphic seeds in NaHCO<sub>3</sub> solution had higher proline content than Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> solution. Moreover, radicle and shoot tolerance indexes of seedlings in NaHCO<sub>3</sub> solution were significantly higher than that of Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> solution. Under strong alkali stress, seedlings in NaHCO<sub>3</sub> solution had significantly lower ROS level and MDA content as well as higher antioxidant enzyme activity than Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> solution. This study comprehensively compared the morphological and physiological characteristics in germination and seedlings to better reveal the saline-alkali tolerance mechanisms in S. liaotungensis.</p>","PeriodicalId":16813,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142093552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-27DOI: 10.1007/s10265-024-01562-z
Manit Kidyoo, Aroonrat Kidyoo, Doyle McKey
The present study assesses the phylogenetic position of certain Thai members of Gymnema, Gymnemopsis, and Sarcolobus in relation to other known Marsdenieae species. Fifteen accessions newly sequenced from Thailand were added to the dataset of the homologous sequences of 125 accessions of Marsdenieae downloaded from GenBank. In our molecular phylogeny, almost all the delimited major clades and their relationships are largely congruent with those revealed in previous studies. The monophyly of Gymnema (including the former Jasminanthes species) and that of Sarcolobus, as presently circumscribed, are confirmed. The new accessions of these two genera from Thailand are well grouped with the members of their respective genera. Our analyses provide the first molecular evidence for recognition of Gymnemopsis, a small Asian genus that has never been included in the previous phylogenetic studies, as a distinct genus. All elements of Gymnemopsis are retrieved as a well-supported monophyletic group that is strongly supported as sister to Lygisma, another small Asian genus that most closely resembles it in growth habit, color of latex, indumentum on plant parts, corona structure and follicle traits. Combined molecular phylogenetic, morphological and ecological data also support recognition of two new Sarcolobus species from Thailand, Sarcolobus busbanianus sp. nov. and S. flavus sp. nov. Similarities and differences between these new species and their close relative, S. carinatus, are discussed. In addition, this study also reveals the first record for Thailand of Gymnema lacei. Keys to the species of Gymnemopsis (for all members of the genus), Gymnema and Sarcolobus (for Thai members of these genera) are provided.
{"title":"Phylogenetic positions of Thai members of Gymnema, Gymnemopsis and Sarcolobus (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae, Marsdenieae), and two new Sarcolobus species uncovered by morpho-molecular evidence.","authors":"Manit Kidyoo, Aroonrat Kidyoo, Doyle McKey","doi":"10.1007/s10265-024-01562-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10265-024-01562-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study assesses the phylogenetic position of certain Thai members of Gymnema, Gymnemopsis, and Sarcolobus in relation to other known Marsdenieae species. Fifteen accessions newly sequenced from Thailand were added to the dataset of the homologous sequences of 125 accessions of Marsdenieae downloaded from GenBank. In our molecular phylogeny, almost all the delimited major clades and their relationships are largely congruent with those revealed in previous studies. The monophyly of Gymnema (including the former Jasminanthes species) and that of Sarcolobus, as presently circumscribed, are confirmed. The new accessions of these two genera from Thailand are well grouped with the members of their respective genera. Our analyses provide the first molecular evidence for recognition of Gymnemopsis, a small Asian genus that has never been included in the previous phylogenetic studies, as a distinct genus. All elements of Gymnemopsis are retrieved as a well-supported monophyletic group that is strongly supported as sister to Lygisma, another small Asian genus that most closely resembles it in growth habit, color of latex, indumentum on plant parts, corona structure and follicle traits. Combined molecular phylogenetic, morphological and ecological data also support recognition of two new Sarcolobus species from Thailand, Sarcolobus busbanianus sp. nov. and S. flavus sp. nov. Similarities and differences between these new species and their close relative, S. carinatus, are discussed. In addition, this study also reveals the first record for Thailand of Gymnema lacei. Keys to the species of Gymnemopsis (for all members of the genus), Gymnema and Sarcolobus (for Thai members of these genera) are provided.</p>","PeriodicalId":16813,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142073124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A perennial pseudometallophyte Arabidopsis halleri is frequently infected with cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) in its natural habitat. The purpose of this study was to characterize the effect of CMV infection on the environmental adaptation of its natural host A. halleri. The CMV(Ho) strain isolated from A. halleri was inoculated into clonal virus-free A. halleri plants, and a unique plant-virus system consisting of CMV(Ho) and its natural wild plant host was established. In a control environment with ambient zinc supplementation, CMV(Ho) infection retarded growth in the above-ground part of host plants but conferred strong drought tolerance. On the other hand, in an excess zinc environment, simulating a natural edaphic environment of A halleri, host plants hyperaccumulated zinc and CMV(Ho) infection did not cause any symptoms to host plants while conferring mild drought tolerance. We also demonstrated in Nicotiana benthamiana as another host that similar effects were induced by the combination of excess zinc and CMV(Ho) infection. Transcriptomic analysis indicated that the host plant recognized CMV(Ho) as a mutualistic symbiont rather than a parasitic pathogen. These results suggest a resilient mutualistic interaction between CMV(Ho) and its natural host A. halleri in its natural habitat.
{"title":"A resilient mutualistic interaction between cucumber mosaic virus and its natural host to adapt to an excess zinc environment and drought stress.","authors":"Midori Tabara, Shimpei Uraguchi, Masako Kiyono, Izumi Watanabe, Atsushi Takeda, Hideki Takahashi, Toshiyuki Fukuhara","doi":"10.1007/s10265-024-01573-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10265-024-01573-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A perennial pseudometallophyte Arabidopsis halleri is frequently infected with cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) in its natural habitat. The purpose of this study was to characterize the effect of CMV infection on the environmental adaptation of its natural host A. halleri. The CMV(Ho) strain isolated from A. halleri was inoculated into clonal virus-free A. halleri plants, and a unique plant-virus system consisting of CMV(Ho) and its natural wild plant host was established. In a control environment with ambient zinc supplementation, CMV(Ho) infection retarded growth in the above-ground part of host plants but conferred strong drought tolerance. On the other hand, in an excess zinc environment, simulating a natural edaphic environment of A halleri, host plants hyperaccumulated zinc and CMV(Ho) infection did not cause any symptoms to host plants while conferring mild drought tolerance. We also demonstrated in Nicotiana benthamiana as another host that similar effects were induced by the combination of excess zinc and CMV(Ho) infection. Transcriptomic analysis indicated that the host plant recognized CMV(Ho) as a mutualistic symbiont rather than a parasitic pathogen. These results suggest a resilient mutualistic interaction between CMV(Ho) and its natural host A. halleri in its natural habitat.</p>","PeriodicalId":16813,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142073123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-24DOI: 10.1007/s10265-024-01569-6
Elizabeth Victoriano-Romero, Dulce María Figueroa-Castro, Jonas Morales-Linares
Cloud forests figure as one of the most diverse ecosystems, accounting not only for a high number of plant species but also with a great variety of interactions among them. A common interaction in these forests is the one between vascular epiphytes and their hosts. However, few studies have used the network approach to analyze them. Here, we analyze the horizontal and vertical structure of the vascular epiphyte - host network in a cloud forest in central Mexico. We quantified the number of epiphyte stands on each host both total and per-stratum. Complete network, group, and species metrics were estimated at both levels of analysis. The host - epiphyte networks had relatively low network size but were highly connected; moderately nested, with low specialization, and modularity; but higher vulnerability than generality, and high niche overlap. The community was composed by a high number of generalist species. To our knowledge this is the first study in which network analyses are conducted with standardized data and including all host and epiphyte species in the community. The analyses suggest that the networks are robust, and that functional redundancy might be probable, two advantageous characteristics in a very fragmented and threatened cloud forest.
{"title":"Network analyses show horizontal and vertical distribution of vascular epiphytes on their hosts in a fragment of cloud forest in Central Mexico.","authors":"Elizabeth Victoriano-Romero, Dulce María Figueroa-Castro, Jonas Morales-Linares","doi":"10.1007/s10265-024-01569-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10265-024-01569-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cloud forests figure as one of the most diverse ecosystems, accounting not only for a high number of plant species but also with a great variety of interactions among them. A common interaction in these forests is the one between vascular epiphytes and their hosts. However, few studies have used the network approach to analyze them. Here, we analyze the horizontal and vertical structure of the vascular epiphyte - host network in a cloud forest in central Mexico. We quantified the number of epiphyte stands on each host both total and per-stratum. Complete network, group, and species metrics were estimated at both levels of analysis. The host - epiphyte networks had relatively low network size but were highly connected; moderately nested, with low specialization, and modularity; but higher vulnerability than generality, and high niche overlap. The community was composed by a high number of generalist species. To our knowledge this is the first study in which network analyses are conducted with standardized data and including all host and epiphyte species in the community. The analyses suggest that the networks are robust, and that functional redundancy might be probable, two advantageous characteristics in a very fragmented and threatened cloud forest.</p>","PeriodicalId":16813,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142046810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-24DOI: 10.1007/s10265-024-01570-z
Elena A Marchuk, Anastasiya K Kvitchenko, Lyubov A Kameneva, Aleksandra A Yuferova, Dmitry E Kislov
The Khanka Lowland forest-steppe is the most eastern outpost of the Eurasian steppe biome. It includes unique grassland plant communities with rare steppe species. These coenosis have changed under the influence of anthropogenic activity, especially during the last 100 years and included both typical steppe species and nemoral mesophytic species. To distinguish these ecological groups of plants the random forest method with three datasets of environmental variables was applied. Specifically, a model of classification with the most important bioindices to predict a mesophytic ecological group of plants with a sensitivity greater than 80% was constructed. The data demonstrated the presence of steppe species that arrived at different times in the Primorye Territory. Most of these species are associated with the Mongolian-Daurian relict steppe complex and habit in the Khanka Lowland. Other species occur only in mountains in Primorye Territory and do not persist in the Khanka Lowland. These findings emphasize the presence of relict steppe communities with a complex of true steppe species in the Khanka Lowland. Steppe communities exhibit features of anthropogenic influence definitely through the long land use period but are not anthropogenic in origin. The most steppe species are located at the eastern border of distribution in the Khanka Lowlands and are valuable in terms of conservation and sources of information about steppe species origin and the emergence of the steppe biome as a whole.
{"title":"East Asian forest-steppe outpost in the Khanka Lowland (Russia) and its conservation.","authors":"Elena A Marchuk, Anastasiya K Kvitchenko, Lyubov A Kameneva, Aleksandra A Yuferova, Dmitry E Kislov","doi":"10.1007/s10265-024-01570-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10265-024-01570-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Khanka Lowland forest-steppe is the most eastern outpost of the Eurasian steppe biome. It includes unique grassland plant communities with rare steppe species. These coenosis have changed under the influence of anthropogenic activity, especially during the last 100 years and included both typical steppe species and nemoral mesophytic species. To distinguish these ecological groups of plants the random forest method with three datasets of environmental variables was applied. Specifically, a model of classification with the most important bioindices to predict a mesophytic ecological group of plants with a sensitivity greater than 80% was constructed. The data demonstrated the presence of steppe species that arrived at different times in the Primorye Territory. Most of these species are associated with the Mongolian-Daurian relict steppe complex and habit in the Khanka Lowland. Other species occur only in mountains in Primorye Territory and do not persist in the Khanka Lowland. These findings emphasize the presence of relict steppe communities with a complex of true steppe species in the Khanka Lowland. Steppe communities exhibit features of anthropogenic influence definitely through the long land use period but are not anthropogenic in origin. The most steppe species are located at the eastern border of distribution in the Khanka Lowlands and are valuable in terms of conservation and sources of information about steppe species origin and the emergence of the steppe biome as a whole.</p>","PeriodicalId":16813,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142046809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The green alga Pediastrum duplex forms colonies through asexual reproduction and has a unique life cycle. To elucidate the mechanisms that regulate the asexual reproductive cycle in P. duplex, we analyzed the effects of light on the processes and gene expression involved in each step of the asexual reproductive cycle, revealing light irradiation to be essential for increasing the number of colonies. Among the processes in the asexual reproductive cycle, the transition from cell hypertrophy to zoospore formation could proceed even in the dark if glucose was added to the medium. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the expression of different groups of genes was significantly promoted or suppressed before and after the number of colonies increased. Our findings indicate that the asexual reproductive cycle of P. duplex includes a process promoted by photosynthesis. This study enhances our understanding of the growth characteristics of P. duplex and other microalgae.
{"title":"Light promotes asexual reproduction and mediates transcriptomic changes in Pediastrum duplex.","authors":"Akari Masaki, Narumi Miyamoto, Sridharan Harshavardhini, Noriko Nagata, Yuki Tsuchikane, Hiroyuki Sekimoto, Yutaka Kodama, Tomohiro Suzuki, Tomoko Shinomura","doi":"10.1007/s10265-024-01567-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10265-024-01567-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The green alga Pediastrum duplex forms colonies through asexual reproduction and has a unique life cycle. To elucidate the mechanisms that regulate the asexual reproductive cycle in P. duplex, we analyzed the effects of light on the processes and gene expression involved in each step of the asexual reproductive cycle, revealing light irradiation to be essential for increasing the number of colonies. Among the processes in the asexual reproductive cycle, the transition from cell hypertrophy to zoospore formation could proceed even in the dark if glucose was added to the medium. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the expression of different groups of genes was significantly promoted or suppressed before and after the number of colonies increased. Our findings indicate that the asexual reproductive cycle of P. duplex includes a process promoted by photosynthesis. This study enhances our understanding of the growth characteristics of P. duplex and other microalgae.</p>","PeriodicalId":16813,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142004415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-15DOI: 10.1007/s10265-024-01566-9
Hala M E Abdelfattah, Hussein A Hussein, Samir S Teleb, Marwa M El-Demerdash, Nelly M George
Hibiscus is a charismatic genus of the Malvaceae family that is noted for its diversity, lacking identifiable characteristics for distinguishing its various species. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop authentication methods for genus delimitation and species delineation. The present study aims to discern the taxonomic relationships between the well-known, globally familiar, and economically important five Hibiscus species, namely: H. × rosa-sinensis, H. sabdariffa, H. schizopetalus, H. syriacus and H. tiliaceus based on traditional morphological and anatomical characteristics compared to the contemporary chemotaxonomy. In this context, the leaf-based methanolic extracts of the studied species were analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS) to estimate their secondary metabolites similarity. In addition, selected qualitative morphological and anatomical traits including leaf venation patterns, epidermal micromorphology, stomata types and trichomes diversity, petiole serial sectioning (outline, adaxial groove features, vasculature traces arrangement), and midrib characteristics of the studied species were investigated. The results of both chemotaxonomy and traditional taxonomy exhibited a remarkable agreement in the delineation of the five studied species. Specifically, the chemotaxonomy-based dendrogram separates the studied species into two main clusters with the H. sabdariffa as an outlier species in a single cluster and the remaining four species as another cluster with variant distances in its similarity indices. Similarly, the traditional morphological and anatomical characteristics revealed distinct traits for H. sabdariffa compared to the remaining four species. The findings of this study highlight the significance of integrating the structural features with phytochemicals profiling as a potential approach that could be harnessed for the delineation of the taxonomically challenging Hibiscus genus.
木槿是锦葵科植物中极具魅力的一个属,以其多样性而著称,但缺乏可用于区分不同物种的可识别特征。因此,迫切需要开发用于属划分和种划分的鉴定方法。本研究旨在辨别著名的、全球熟悉的、具有重要经济价值的五个木槿品种之间的分类学关系,这五个品种是:H:H. × rosa-sinensis、H. sabdariffa、H. schizopetalus、H. syriacus 和 H. tiliaceus。在此背景下,对所研究物种的叶基甲醇提取物进行了气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)分析,以估计其次级代谢物的相似性。此外,还研究了所研究物种的部分定性形态和解剖特征,包括叶脉模式、表皮微形态、气孔类型和毛状体多样性、叶柄连续切片(轮廓、正面沟槽特征、脉管痕迹排列)以及中脉特征。化学分类法和传统分类法的结果在划分所研究的五个物种时表现出了显著的一致性。具体来说,基于化学分类法的树枝图将所研究的物种分为两大类,其中 H. sabdariffa 是一个类群中的离群种,其余 4 个物种是另一个类群,其相似性指数的距离各不相同。同样,传统的形态学和解剖学特征也显示,与其余四个物种相比,沙巴藻的性状截然不同。本研究的结果突显了将结构特征与植物化学物质分析相结合的重要性,这是一种潜在的方法,可用于划分在分类学上具有挑战性的木槿属。
{"title":"Chemotaxonomy compared to morphological and anatomical taxonomy of five Hibiscus species.","authors":"Hala M E Abdelfattah, Hussein A Hussein, Samir S Teleb, Marwa M El-Demerdash, Nelly M George","doi":"10.1007/s10265-024-01566-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10265-024-01566-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hibiscus is a charismatic genus of the Malvaceae family that is noted for its diversity, lacking identifiable characteristics for distinguishing its various species. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop authentication methods for genus delimitation and species delineation. The present study aims to discern the taxonomic relationships between the well-known, globally familiar, and economically important five Hibiscus species, namely: H. × rosa-sinensis, H. sabdariffa, H. schizopetalus, H. syriacus and H. tiliaceus based on traditional morphological and anatomical characteristics compared to the contemporary chemotaxonomy. In this context, the leaf-based methanolic extracts of the studied species were analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS) to estimate their secondary metabolites similarity. In addition, selected qualitative morphological and anatomical traits including leaf venation patterns, epidermal micromorphology, stomata types and trichomes diversity, petiole serial sectioning (outline, adaxial groove features, vasculature traces arrangement), and midrib characteristics of the studied species were investigated. The results of both chemotaxonomy and traditional taxonomy exhibited a remarkable agreement in the delineation of the five studied species. Specifically, the chemotaxonomy-based dendrogram separates the studied species into two main clusters with the H. sabdariffa as an outlier species in a single cluster and the remaining four species as another cluster with variant distances in its similarity indices. Similarly, the traditional morphological and anatomical characteristics revealed distinct traits for H. sabdariffa compared to the remaining four species. The findings of this study highlight the significance of integrating the structural features with phytochemicals profiling as a potential approach that could be harnessed for the delineation of the taxonomically challenging Hibiscus genus.</p>","PeriodicalId":16813,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141988202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The vascular bundle in the ear-internode of maize is a key conduit for transporting photosynthetic materials between "source" and "sink", making it critically important to examine its micro-phenotypes and genetic architecture to identify advantageous characteristics and cultivate high-yielding and high-quality varieties. Unfortunately, the limited observation methods and scope of study precludes any comprehensive and systematic investigations into the microscopic phenotypes and genetic mechanisms of vascular bundle in maize ear-internode. In this study, 47 phenotypic traits were extracted in 495 maize inbred lines using micro computed tomography (Micro-CT) scanning technology and a deep learning-based phenotype acquisition method for stem vascular bundle, which included stem slice-related, epidermis zone-related, periphery zone-related, inner zone-related and vascular bundles-related traits. Phenotypic analysis indicated that there was extensive phenotypic variation of vascular bundle traits in ear-internode, especially that in the inner zone. Of these, 30 phenotypic traits with heritability greater than 0.70 were conducted for GWAS, and a total of 4,225 significant SNPs and 416 candidate genes with detailed functional annotations were identified. Furthermore, 20 genes were highly expressed in stem-related tissues, especially in maize internodes. Functional analysis of candidate genes indicated that the pathways obtained for candidate genes of different trait groups were distinct, mainly involved in vitamin synthesis and metabolism, transport of substances, carbohydrate derivative catabolic process, protein transport and localization, and anatomical structure development. The results of this study will help to further understand the phenotypic traits of stem vascular bundles and provide a reference for revealing the genetic mechanism of maize ear-internode vascular bundles.
{"title":"Phenotype identification and genome-wide association study of ear-internode vascular bundles in maize (Zea mays).","authors":"Huan Zhao, Ying Zhang, Xianju Lu, Yanxin Zhao, Chuanyu Wang, Weiliang Wen, Minxiao Duan, Shuaihao Zhao, Jinglu Wang, Xinyu Guo","doi":"10.1007/s10265-024-01565-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10265-024-01565-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The vascular bundle in the ear-internode of maize is a key conduit for transporting photosynthetic materials between \"source\" and \"sink\", making it critically important to examine its micro-phenotypes and genetic architecture to identify advantageous characteristics and cultivate high-yielding and high-quality varieties. Unfortunately, the limited observation methods and scope of study precludes any comprehensive and systematic investigations into the microscopic phenotypes and genetic mechanisms of vascular bundle in maize ear-internode. In this study, 47 phenotypic traits were extracted in 495 maize inbred lines using micro computed tomography (Micro-CT) scanning technology and a deep learning-based phenotype acquisition method for stem vascular bundle, which included stem slice-related, epidermis zone-related, periphery zone-related, inner zone-related and vascular bundles-related traits. Phenotypic analysis indicated that there was extensive phenotypic variation of vascular bundle traits in ear-internode, especially that in the inner zone. Of these, 30 phenotypic traits with heritability greater than 0.70 were conducted for GWAS, and a total of 4,225 significant SNPs and 416 candidate genes with detailed functional annotations were identified. Furthermore, 20 genes were highly expressed in stem-related tissues, especially in maize internodes. Functional analysis of candidate genes indicated that the pathways obtained for candidate genes of different trait groups were distinct, mainly involved in vitamin synthesis and metabolism, transport of substances, carbohydrate derivative catabolic process, protein transport and localization, and anatomical structure development. The results of this study will help to further understand the phenotypic traits of stem vascular bundles and provide a reference for revealing the genetic mechanism of maize ear-internode vascular bundles.</p>","PeriodicalId":16813,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141902035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-04DOI: 10.1007/s10265-024-01564-x
Shinsuke Shimizu, Koichi Hori, Kimitsune Ishizaki, Hiroyuki Ohta, Mie Shimojima
Land plants have evolved many systems to adapt to a wide range of environmental stresses. In seed plants, oligogalactolipid synthesis is involved in tolerance to freezing and dehydration, but it has not been analyzed in non-vascular plants. Here we analyzed trigalactosyldiacylglycerol (TGDG) synthesis in Marchantia polymorpha. TGDG is synthesized by galactolipid: galactolipid galactosyltransferase [GGGT; SENSITIVE TO FREEZING2 (SFR2) in Arabidopsis]. We analyzed the subcellular localization and GGGT activity of two M. polymorpha SFR2 homologs (MpGGGT1 and MpGGGT2, each as a GFP-fusion protein) using a transient expression system in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves and found that MpGGGT1-GFP localized in the chloroplast envelope membrane. We produced mutants Mpgggt1 and Mpgggt2 and found that TGDG did not accumulate in Mpgggt1 upon treatment of the thallus with acetic acid. Moreover, growth of Mpgggt1 mutants was impaired by acetic acid treatment. Microscopy revealed that the acetic acid treatment of M. polymorpha plants damaged intracellular membranes. The fact that the effect was similar for wild-type and Mpgggt1 plants suggested that MpGGGT has a role in recovery from damage. These results indicate that MpGGGT plays a crucial role in M. polymorpha growth under conditions of acid stress, which may have been encountered during the ancient terrestrial colonization of plants.
陆生植物进化出了许多系统来适应各种环境压力。在种子植物中,低聚半乳糖脂的合成参与了对冷冻和脱水的耐受,但在非维管束植物中还没有进行过分析。在这里,我们分析了马钱子(Marchantia polymorpha)中三聚半乳糖二酰甘油(TGDG)的合成。TGDG 由半乳糖脂:半乳糖脂半乳糖基转移酶 [GGGT; SENSITIVE TO FREEZING2 (SFR2) in Arabidopsis]合成。我们在拟南芥叶片中使用瞬时表达系统分析了两个 M. polymorpha SFR2 同源物(MpGGGT1 和 MpGGGT2,各自为 GFP 融合蛋白)的亚细胞定位和 GGGT 活性,发现 MpGGGT1-GFP 定位于叶绿体包膜。我们制作了突变体 Mpgggt1 和 Mpgggt2,发现用醋酸处理叶柄时,TGDG 不会在 Mpgggt1 中积累。此外,醋酸处理会影响 Mpgggt1 突变体的生长。显微镜检查发现,醋酸处理 M. polymorpha 植物会破坏细胞内膜。野生型植物和 Mpgggt1 植物受到的影响相似,这表明 MpGGGT 在从损伤中恢复方面发挥了作用。这些结果表明,MpGGGT 对多甲藻在酸胁迫条件下的生长起着至关重要的作用,这种情况可能在植物远古陆地殖民时期就已经遇到过。
{"title":"SENSITIVE TO FREEZING2 is crucial for growth of Marchantia polymorpha under acidic conditions.","authors":"Shinsuke Shimizu, Koichi Hori, Kimitsune Ishizaki, Hiroyuki Ohta, Mie Shimojima","doi":"10.1007/s10265-024-01564-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10265-024-01564-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Land plants have evolved many systems to adapt to a wide range of environmental stresses. In seed plants, oligogalactolipid synthesis is involved in tolerance to freezing and dehydration, but it has not been analyzed in non-vascular plants. Here we analyzed trigalactosyldiacylglycerol (TGDG) synthesis in Marchantia polymorpha. TGDG is synthesized by galactolipid: galactolipid galactosyltransferase [GGGT; SENSITIVE TO FREEZING2 (SFR2) in Arabidopsis]. We analyzed the subcellular localization and GGGT activity of two M. polymorpha SFR2 homologs (MpGGGT1 and MpGGGT2, each as a GFP-fusion protein) using a transient expression system in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves and found that MpGGGT1-GFP localized in the chloroplast envelope membrane. We produced mutants Mpgggt1 and Mpgggt2 and found that TGDG did not accumulate in Mpgggt1 upon treatment of the thallus with acetic acid. Moreover, growth of Mpgggt1 mutants was impaired by acetic acid treatment. Microscopy revealed that the acetic acid treatment of M. polymorpha plants damaged intracellular membranes. The fact that the effect was similar for wild-type and Mpgggt1 plants suggested that MpGGGT has a role in recovery from damage. These results indicate that MpGGGT plays a crucial role in M. polymorpha growth under conditions of acid stress, which may have been encountered during the ancient terrestrial colonization of plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":16813,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141889568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}