Pub Date : 2022-08-01DOI: 10.21608/jppp.2022.145931.1084
M. Darwish, A. Ali, M. Aly
Honey bees, Apis mellifera L. is a major global pollinator of crops and native plants. Insecticides have a negative and hazardous effect on A. mellifera, other pollinators, and beneficial organisms. This study was carried out to evaluate the influence of three acaricides; Ortus (fenpyroximate) 5% EC, Everken (abamectin)1.8% EC, and AgriFlex (abamectin+ thiamethoxam) 18.6% SC on the honeybee workers. These acaricides were chosen based on field observations, where those acaricides were used to control two-spotted spider mites on clover fields. A group of newly emerged honeybee workers was exposed to different dilutions (5, 7, 10, 13, and 15 ppm) of study candidate compounds. The control group was not treated with any acaricides. The mortality percentage was recorded after 24, 48, 72, and 96 hrs after acaricide applications, and LC 50 and LC 90 were calculated. Obtained results showed that everken and agriflex had significantly higher toxicity than ortus. Where LC 50 for everken and agriflex ranged between 2.75 ppm to 7.94 ppm after 24, 48, 72, and 96 hrs of acaricide applications, while ortus recorded 47.1 ppm after 24 hrs. Control treatment had the least honey bee mortality compared to all acaricide applications not exceeding (7%) followed by ortus (36%). Nevertheless, everken and agriflex reach 100% mortality after 96 hrs of the applications. Consequently, these results suggest that ortus can be included in the Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Program against harmful insects or honey bee pathogens and safe to sustainable, productive, and healthy honeybee stocks for the future.
{"title":"Study the Influence of Three Acaricides on Honeybee Workers Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) under Laboratory Conditions","authors":"M. Darwish, A. Ali, M. Aly","doi":"10.21608/jppp.2022.145931.1084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jppp.2022.145931.1084","url":null,"abstract":"Honey bees, Apis mellifera L. is a major global pollinator of crops and native plants. Insecticides have a negative and hazardous effect on A. mellifera, other pollinators, and beneficial organisms. This study was carried out to evaluate the influence of three acaricides; Ortus (fenpyroximate) 5% EC, Everken (abamectin)1.8% EC, and AgriFlex (abamectin+ thiamethoxam) 18.6% SC on the honeybee workers. These acaricides were chosen based on field observations, where those acaricides were used to control two-spotted spider mites on clover fields. A group of newly emerged honeybee workers was exposed to different dilutions (5, 7, 10, 13, and 15 ppm) of study candidate compounds. The control group was not treated with any acaricides. The mortality percentage was recorded after 24, 48, 72, and 96 hrs after acaricide applications, and LC 50 and LC 90 were calculated. Obtained results showed that everken and agriflex had significantly higher toxicity than ortus. Where LC 50 for everken and agriflex ranged between 2.75 ppm to 7.94 ppm after 24, 48, 72, and 96 hrs of acaricide applications, while ortus recorded 47.1 ppm after 24 hrs. Control treatment had the least honey bee mortality compared to all acaricide applications not exceeding (7%) followed by ortus (36%). Nevertheless, everken and agriflex reach 100% mortality after 96 hrs of the applications. Consequently, these results suggest that ortus can be included in the Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Program against harmful insects or honey bee pathogens and safe to sustainable, productive, and healthy honeybee stocks for the future.","PeriodicalId":16820,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84938716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-01DOI: 10.21608/jppp.2022.152278.1088
Abd El-Qawi, R. Solaiman, N. A. El-Latif, Cross Mark
Surface and subsurface foraging activity of the subterranean termite, Psammotermes hybostoma Desneux (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) was examined for one year extended from October 2018 until September 2019 at El-Fayoum district, El-Fayoum governorate, Egypt. The surface foraging activity was estimated using a perforated plastic rectangular box trap, while subsurface foraging activity was determined using a new design column trap (300 cm height, and 7.2 cm diameter). The column trap was divided into five levels with suitable barriers of reinforced cork. Results showed that food consumption, was the lowest during winter (13.23 g./trap/m 2 ), while it was the highest during spring (76.1 g./trap/m 2 ). Changes in soil translocation were almost similar to those previously mentioned for food consumption. The highest seasonal means of subsurface food consumption was 1806.92 g./5 column traps during autumn throughout the four levels, while the lowest seasonal means was occurred during spring (1019.15 g./5 column traps). The total annual food consumption increased gradually from 2921.34 g./5 column traps at the first level to 8533.82 g./5 column traps at the fourth one, then it decreased slightly to (7383.22 g./5 column traps) at the fifth level. The total annual number of captured workers increased gradually from the first level (98148 workers/5 column traps) reach the peak at the third level (164178 workers/5 column traps), then it decreased gradually from the fourth level (144636 workers/5 column traps) to the 5 th level (107874 workers/5 column traps).
从2018年10月至2019年9月，在埃及El-Fayoum省El-Fayoum地区对地下白蚁Psammotermes hybostoma Desneux(等翅目:鼻白蚁科)的地表和地下觅食活动进行了为期一年的研究。采用带孔矩形塑料陷阱估算地表觅食活动，采用新设计的柱状陷阱(高300 cm，直径7.2 cm)测定地下觅食活动。柱式捕集器被分为五层，并设置了适当的加固软木屏障。结果表明，采食量冬季最低(13.23 g /夹/ m2)，春季最高(76.1 g /夹/ m2);土壤迁移的变化与前面提到的食物消耗的变化几乎相似。4个层的地下食物消费量季节平均值在秋季最高，为1806.92 g /5，春季最低，为1019.15 g /5。年总食用量从第1层的2921.34 g /5个柱诱器逐渐增加到第4层的8533.82 g /5个柱诱器，第5层略有下降，为7383.22 g /5个柱诱器。年捕获总人数从第1层(98148人/5列陷阱)逐渐增加，在第3层达到峰值(164178人/5列陷阱)，从第4层(144636人/5列陷阱)到第5层(107874人/5列陷阱)逐渐减少。
{"title":"Surface and Subsurface Foraging Activity of Subterranean Sand Termite, Psammotermes hybostoma, Desneux (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) at El-Fayoum Governorate, Egypt","authors":"Abd El-Qawi, R. Solaiman, N. A. El-Latif, Cross Mark","doi":"10.21608/jppp.2022.152278.1088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jppp.2022.152278.1088","url":null,"abstract":"Surface and subsurface foraging activity of the subterranean termite, Psammotermes hybostoma Desneux (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) was examined for one year extended from October 2018 until September 2019 at El-Fayoum district, El-Fayoum governorate, Egypt. The surface foraging activity was estimated using a perforated plastic rectangular box trap, while subsurface foraging activity was determined using a new design column trap (300 cm height, and 7.2 cm diameter). The column trap was divided into five levels with suitable barriers of reinforced cork. Results showed that food consumption, was the lowest during winter (13.23 g./trap/m 2 ), while it was the highest during spring (76.1 g./trap/m 2 ). Changes in soil translocation were almost similar to those previously mentioned for food consumption. The highest seasonal means of subsurface food consumption was 1806.92 g./5 column traps during autumn throughout the four levels, while the lowest seasonal means was occurred during spring (1019.15 g./5 column traps). The total annual food consumption increased gradually from 2921.34 g./5 column traps at the first level to 8533.82 g./5 column traps at the fourth one, then it decreased slightly to (7383.22 g./5 column traps) at the fifth level. The total annual number of captured workers increased gradually from the first level (98148 workers/5 column traps) reach the peak at the third level (164178 workers/5 column traps), then it decreased gradually from the fourth level (144636 workers/5 column traps) to the 5 th level (107874 workers/5 column traps).","PeriodicalId":16820,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78085905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-01DOI: 10.21608/jppp.2022.152218.1087
E. El-Solimany, M. Aboelfadel
The present study was carried out in the laboratory to investigate the repellent and toxic effects of faba bean seed treatment by camphor, mint, and basil oils on Aphis craccivora , and also, the effect of using dry and sprouting seeds was investigated. Data indicated that using sprouting seeds increased the repellent and toxic effects of oils compared with using dry seeds. After 1 hour, the highest repellent effect was recorded on sprouting seed treatment with basil oil (73.68%), followed insignificantly by dry seed treatment with basil oil (71.43%), sprouting seed treatment with mint oil (70.00%), and sprouting seed treatment with camphor oil (67.74%). However, after 24 hours, sprouting seed treatment with mint oil recorded the highest repellent effect (76.74%), followed insignificantly by dry seed treatment with basil oil (75.61%), sprouting seed treatment with basil oil (75.61%), and sprouting seed treatment with camphor oil (70.00%). No mortality percentages were observed by 1 day from treatment. After 2 days, the mortality percentage was almost low to moderate, however, a sharp increase was observed after 3 days, then mortality slightly increased after the fourth and fifth days in all treatments. Sprouting seed treatment with basil oil was the most effective against the adults of A. craccivora with mean mortality of 63.74%, followed insignificantly by sprouting seed treatment with camphor oil (63.02%) and with mint oil (61.36%).
{"title":"Toxic and Repellent Effects of Three Oils as Seed Treatment against Aphis craccivora Koch. under Laboratory Conditions","authors":"E. El-Solimany, M. Aboelfadel","doi":"10.21608/jppp.2022.152218.1087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jppp.2022.152218.1087","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was carried out in the laboratory to investigate the repellent and toxic effects of faba bean seed treatment by camphor, mint, and basil oils on Aphis craccivora , and also, the effect of using dry and sprouting seeds was investigated. Data indicated that using sprouting seeds increased the repellent and toxic effects of oils compared with using dry seeds. After 1 hour, the highest repellent effect was recorded on sprouting seed treatment with basil oil (73.68%), followed insignificantly by dry seed treatment with basil oil (71.43%), sprouting seed treatment with mint oil (70.00%), and sprouting seed treatment with camphor oil (67.74%). However, after 24 hours, sprouting seed treatment with mint oil recorded the highest repellent effect (76.74%), followed insignificantly by dry seed treatment with basil oil (75.61%), sprouting seed treatment with basil oil (75.61%), and sprouting seed treatment with camphor oil (70.00%). No mortality percentages were observed by 1 day from treatment. After 2 days, the mortality percentage was almost low to moderate, however, a sharp increase was observed after 3 days, then mortality slightly increased after the fourth and fifth days in all treatments. Sprouting seed treatment with basil oil was the most effective against the adults of A. craccivora with mean mortality of 63.74%, followed insignificantly by sprouting seed treatment with camphor oil (63.02%) and with mint oil (61.36%).","PeriodicalId":16820,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73463476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.21608/jppp.2022.143351.1078
Basma Mosad, H. El-Sharkawy, M. Taher, E. Elsherbiny
Postharvest diseases significantly reduce the quantity and quality of the fruit crop. Its causes the loss of more than half of the agricultural production of fruits and vegetables. Therefore, this study aimed to find safe and environmentally friendly alternative fungicides to induce resistance against postharvest disease by inducing the natural resistance of fruits and vegetables by increasing the antioxidant enzymes that minimize the disease and enhance the quality of fruits and prolong the storage period. The following fungus is the most important pathogen of orange fruits after harvest ( Penicillium digitatum ). This study showed that the salicylic acid (SA), at 14 mM, inhibited the growth of mycelium with a percentage of 100 compared to the untreated control, while the percentage of inhibition of spore germination was 90.8%, compared to the untreated control. Moreover, SA inhibited the development of treated orange fruit rots by 39.06% and enhanced the enzyme peroxidase (POD), Polyphenoloxidase (PPO), and total phenols contents. We recommend the use of salicylic acid to reduce the severity of infection caused by P. digitatum that affects orange fruit.
{"title":"Effect of Salicylic Acid on Induction of Resistance Against Green Mold in Orange Fruits","authors":"Basma Mosad, H. El-Sharkawy, M. Taher, E. Elsherbiny","doi":"10.21608/jppp.2022.143351.1078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jppp.2022.143351.1078","url":null,"abstract":"Postharvest diseases significantly reduce the quantity and quality of the fruit crop. Its causes the loss of more than half of the agricultural production of fruits and vegetables. Therefore, this study aimed to find safe and environmentally friendly alternative fungicides to induce resistance against postharvest disease by inducing the natural resistance of fruits and vegetables by increasing the antioxidant enzymes that minimize the disease and enhance the quality of fruits and prolong the storage period. The following fungus is the most important pathogen of orange fruits after harvest ( Penicillium digitatum ). This study showed that the salicylic acid (SA), at 14 mM, inhibited the growth of mycelium with a percentage of 100 compared to the untreated control, while the percentage of inhibition of spore germination was 90.8%, compared to the untreated control. Moreover, SA inhibited the development of treated orange fruit rots by 39.06% and enhanced the enzyme peroxidase (POD), Polyphenoloxidase (PPO), and total phenols contents. We recommend the use of salicylic acid to reduce the severity of infection caused by P. digitatum that affects orange fruit.","PeriodicalId":16820,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89311427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.21608/jppp.2022.148665.1085
A. Shalaby, T. Abd-El Rahman, M. Shalaby
Cucumber plants at the fruiting stage were sprayed on June 2021 in a private field at El-Tahra village, Zagazig-district, Sharkia-Governorate, Egypt with imidacloprid Avenue 70% WG and azoxystrobin 20%+difenoconazole 12.5% mixture in commercial formulation Decent 32.5% SC to determine their persistence in cucumber-leaves and fruits, also to estimate their biochemical effects on cucumber-fruits. QuEChERS method was used for extraction and clean-up and analyzed using HPLC. Results revealed that, initial amounts of each-pesticide in leaves were much higher-than cucumber fruits. Loss percentages in residues were higher in cucumber fruits than leaves. The t½ values for investigated pesticides in cucumber-fruits (peel and whole-fruits) and leaves, were (1.88, 2.02, 2.47), (1.72, 1.81, 3.2) and (1.77, 2.10, 2.45 days) for imidacloprid, azoxystrobin and difenoconazole, respectively. Residue amounts of tested-pesticides were more greatly detected in the peel than that pulp. Cucumber fruits could be used safely for human-consumption at any time after spraying to the end of the experimental-period (12-days) after peeling. The pickling process removed in great amounts from initial deposits of investigated pesticides. Levels of total soluble sugar%, glucose mg/kg, acidity%, total soluble solids (T.S.S.), % ascorbic-acid mg/kg, β-carotene%, dry matter% and protein% as well as elements N%, P%, K%, Fe mg/kg, Mn mg/kg, Ca%, Zn mg/kg, on treated cucumber-fruits were significantly reduced during tested-periods (3 and 6-days after application). Data revealed that reduction of each quality attributes and elements was more pronounced with Decent than imidacloprid. This finding may be due-to presence of two-fungicide mixture in decent formulation (azoxystrobin+difenoconazole).
{"title":"Study of Imidacloprid, Azoxystrobin and Difenoconazole Residues and their Biochemical effects on Cucumber","authors":"A. Shalaby, T. Abd-El Rahman, M. Shalaby","doi":"10.21608/jppp.2022.148665.1085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jppp.2022.148665.1085","url":null,"abstract":"Cucumber plants at the fruiting stage were sprayed on June 2021 in a private field at El-Tahra village, Zagazig-district, Sharkia-Governorate, Egypt with imidacloprid Avenue 70% WG and azoxystrobin 20%+difenoconazole 12.5% mixture in commercial formulation Decent 32.5% SC to determine their persistence in cucumber-leaves and fruits, also to estimate their biochemical effects on cucumber-fruits. QuEChERS method was used for extraction and clean-up and analyzed using HPLC. Results revealed that, initial amounts of each-pesticide in leaves were much higher-than cucumber fruits. Loss percentages in residues were higher in cucumber fruits than leaves. The t½ values for investigated pesticides in cucumber-fruits (peel and whole-fruits) and leaves, were (1.88, 2.02, 2.47), (1.72, 1.81, 3.2) and (1.77, 2.10, 2.45 days) for imidacloprid, azoxystrobin and difenoconazole, respectively. Residue amounts of tested-pesticides were more greatly detected in the peel than that pulp. Cucumber fruits could be used safely for human-consumption at any time after spraying to the end of the experimental-period (12-days) after peeling. The pickling process removed in great amounts from initial deposits of investigated pesticides. Levels of total soluble sugar%, glucose mg/kg, acidity%, total soluble solids (T.S.S.), % ascorbic-acid mg/kg, β-carotene%, dry matter% and protein% as well as elements N%, P%, K%, Fe mg/kg, Mn mg/kg, Ca%, Zn mg/kg, on treated cucumber-fruits were significantly reduced during tested-periods (3 and 6-days after application). Data revealed that reduction of each quality attributes and elements was more pronounced with Decent than imidacloprid. This finding may be due-to presence of two-fungicide mixture in decent formulation (azoxystrobin+difenoconazole).","PeriodicalId":16820,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74123466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.21608/jppp.2022.148670.1086
A. Shalaby, A. Seloma, M. Shalaby
Experiments were conducted on the tomato to study the residues and dissipation rates of bifenazate, indoxacarb, and emamectin benzoate during the summer plantation of 2021 at different intervals (2h), 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 days. QuEChERS method was used for extraction and clean-up and analyzed using HPLC. Results revealed that the initial amounts of bifenazate, indoxacarb, and emamectin benzoate in leaves and fruits were3.641, 1.463; 2.592, 0.943, and 1.721, 0.215, respectively. Loss percentages in residues were higher in tomato fruits than leaves. The half-life (t½) values of bifenazate, indoxacarb, and emamectin benzoate were 1.86, 2.16; 1.83, 3.01, and 0.973, 1.16 days in tomato fruits and leaves, respectively. No residues were detected in processed tomato paste from contaminated tomato fruits with the tested pesticides indicating 100% removal. Also, washing tomato fruits resulted in a 22.92–42.45, 5.57–21.31, and 15.79–33.02% removal percentage from the residues of bifenazate, indoxacarb, and emamectin benzoate, respectively. Contaminated tomatoes could be consumed safely after 3 days for unwashed and washed fruits contaminated with the three tested pesticides according to the maximum residues limit (MRL) of the EU pesticides database - European Commission.
{"title":"Study of Bifenazate, Indoxacarb and Emamectin Benzoate Residues on Tomato","authors":"A. Shalaby, A. Seloma, M. Shalaby","doi":"10.21608/jppp.2022.148670.1086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jppp.2022.148670.1086","url":null,"abstract":"Experiments were conducted on the tomato to study the residues and dissipation rates of bifenazate, indoxacarb, and emamectin benzoate during the summer plantation of 2021 at different intervals (2h), 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 days. QuEChERS method was used for extraction and clean-up and analyzed using HPLC. Results revealed that the initial amounts of bifenazate, indoxacarb, and emamectin benzoate in leaves and fruits were3.641, 1.463; 2.592, 0.943, and 1.721, 0.215, respectively. Loss percentages in residues were higher in tomato fruits than leaves. The half-life (t½) values of bifenazate, indoxacarb, and emamectin benzoate were 1.86, 2.16; 1.83, 3.01, and 0.973, 1.16 days in tomato fruits and leaves, respectively. No residues were detected in processed tomato paste from contaminated tomato fruits with the tested pesticides indicating 100% removal. Also, washing tomato fruits resulted in a 22.92–42.45, 5.57–21.31, and 15.79–33.02% removal percentage from the residues of bifenazate, indoxacarb, and emamectin benzoate, respectively. Contaminated tomatoes could be consumed safely after 3 days for unwashed and washed fruits contaminated with the three tested pesticides according to the maximum residues limit (MRL) of the EU pesticides database - European Commission.","PeriodicalId":16820,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80776605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.21608/jppp.2022.143754.1080
H. Amine, H. Anber, A. Abu-Shaishaa, H. A. Abd El-Rahman
Melon aphid, Aphis gossypii Glov. is one of the most important insect pests infesting squash plants causing severe damage and is responsible for transmitting plant viruses. Among these viruses is, Papaya ringspot virus-W (PRSV-W) which, is a virus with the highest economic impact on cucurbits production. A two-year field experiment (2019 and 2020) was conducted at Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate to evaluate efficacy of three insecticides: Chess 50 % WG (pymetrozine), Teppeki 50 % WG (flonicamid) and Confidor 20 % (imidacloprid) as well as mineral oil (KZ 95 % EC) against aphids and spread of PRSV. The treatments were arranged in a randomised complete block design with three replications. During two seasons, tested compounds significantly reduced population of aphid vector, as well as the incidences of PRSV infections and increased fruit yield compared to control. Mineral oil had little effect on aphid populations but it was the best choice to reduce PRSV spread. Imidacloprid was the most effective insecticide against aphids but it was the least in reducing PRSVspread. Both antifeedant insecticides, flonicamid and pymetrozine significantly reduced populations of aphid and incidences of PRSV but they significantly increased fruit yield. Population of aphid was positively correlated with incidence of PRSV. Fruit yield was also negatively correlated with incidence of PRSV and aphid population. Overall, this work showed that it is possible to increase protection of cucurbits fields against PRSV and other non-persistent viruses by incorporating chemicals with different modes of action such as flonicamid, pymetrozine, and mineral oils.
{"title":"Efficacy of Certain Insecticides and Mineral Oil in Controlling Aphid, Aphis gossypii Glov. and Papaya Ringspot Virus in Squash at Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate","authors":"H. Amine, H. Anber, A. Abu-Shaishaa, H. A. Abd El-Rahman","doi":"10.21608/jppp.2022.143754.1080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jppp.2022.143754.1080","url":null,"abstract":"Melon aphid, Aphis gossypii Glov. is one of the most important insect pests infesting squash plants causing severe damage and is responsible for transmitting plant viruses. Among these viruses is, Papaya ringspot virus-W (PRSV-W) which, is a virus with the highest economic impact on cucurbits production. A two-year field experiment (2019 and 2020) was conducted at Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate to evaluate efficacy of three insecticides: Chess 50 % WG (pymetrozine), Teppeki 50 % WG (flonicamid) and Confidor 20 % (imidacloprid) as well as mineral oil (KZ 95 % EC) against aphids and spread of PRSV. The treatments were arranged in a randomised complete block design with three replications. During two seasons, tested compounds significantly reduced population of aphid vector, as well as the incidences of PRSV infections and increased fruit yield compared to control. Mineral oil had little effect on aphid populations but it was the best choice to reduce PRSV spread. Imidacloprid was the most effective insecticide against aphids but it was the least in reducing PRSVspread. Both antifeedant insecticides, flonicamid and pymetrozine significantly reduced populations of aphid and incidences of PRSV but they significantly increased fruit yield. Population of aphid was positively correlated with incidence of PRSV. Fruit yield was also negatively correlated with incidence of PRSV and aphid population. Overall, this work showed that it is possible to increase protection of cucurbits fields against PRSV and other non-persistent viruses by incorporating chemicals with different modes of action such as flonicamid, pymetrozine, and mineral oils.","PeriodicalId":16820,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74277377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.21608/jppp.2022.144959.1082
M. Ali,, S. Gameel
Sesame ( Sesamum indicum L.) crop considers as one of the important oilseed crops in the world. Effectiveness of ten selected insecticides [Vertimec 1.8% EC, Agrin 6.5% WP, Thiovit 80% WG, Spinosad 48% SC, Evisect 50% SP, Match 5% EC , Pestban 48% EC, Dolf 5% EC , Lannate 90% SP and Proclaim 5% SG] against Antigastra catalaunalis , Spodoptera exigua and leafhoppers was examined. This study was carried out in farmer's field at New Valley, Egypt during 2021. The recommended concentrations for each insecticidal product were tested against A. catalaunalis , S. exigua and leafhoppers. The percentages of mortality were recorded after 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. In case of A. catalaunalis , Spinosad 48% SC and Dolf 5% EC were found to be the most effective compounds. While, Pestban 48% EC and Spinosad 48% SC were found to be most effective compounds against S. exigua . On the other side, Dolf 5% EC and Match 5% EC were found more effective against leafhoppers than other chemical products. These alternative insecticides could be recommended to use against A. catalaunalis , S. exigua and leafhoppers in sesame crop and elsewhere.
{"title":"Efficacy of Certain Alternative Insecticides against Major Insect Pests of Sesame Crop under Field Conditions","authors":"M. Ali,, S. Gameel","doi":"10.21608/jppp.2022.144959.1082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jppp.2022.144959.1082","url":null,"abstract":"Sesame ( Sesamum indicum L.) crop considers as one of the important oilseed crops in the world. Effectiveness of ten selected insecticides [Vertimec 1.8% EC, Agrin 6.5% WP, Thiovit 80% WG, Spinosad 48% SC, Evisect 50% SP, Match 5% EC , Pestban 48% EC, Dolf 5% EC , Lannate 90% SP and Proclaim 5% SG] against Antigastra catalaunalis , Spodoptera exigua and leafhoppers was examined. This study was carried out in farmer's field at New Valley, Egypt during 2021. The recommended concentrations for each insecticidal product were tested against A. catalaunalis , S. exigua and leafhoppers. The percentages of mortality were recorded after 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. In case of A. catalaunalis , Spinosad 48% SC and Dolf 5% EC were found to be the most effective compounds. While, Pestban 48% EC and Spinosad 48% SC were found to be most effective compounds against S. exigua . On the other side, Dolf 5% EC and Match 5% EC were found more effective against leafhoppers than other chemical products. These alternative insecticides could be recommended to use against A. catalaunalis , S. exigua and leafhoppers in sesame crop and elsewhere.","PeriodicalId":16820,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88367138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.21608/jppp.2022.145344.1083
A. Arab, Nariman El-Tawelh, A. Hamza, G. Nasr
Stored grain insect pests cause a high risk to the grains and seeds in storage such as weight loss, less germination, and reduced nutrition values of grains. Heavily use of synthetic insecticides resulted in a lot of problems for humans and the environment. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate new approaches for controlling certain stored product insects. In this respect, the following approaches were investigated: Acutely toxic chemicals, mostly of natural origin, i.e. Avermectins and pyrethrins against stored insect pests. In addition to Azadirachtin, the main constituent of neem kernels is a feeding deterrent. Some toxicological and environmental aspects of some tested chemicals were also evaluated. The results showed considerable and remarkable insecticidal activity. Avermectins, in particular, Ivermectin exhibited a noticeable insecticidal potency against the stored grain insects (i.e. cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus F., and khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium E.) under storage conditions (viz. lacking direct light and other weathering factors). yrethrins revealed a long residual toxicity when applied on grains. Azadirachtin, the principal phytochemical of neem kernels, has markedly antifeedant properties. Also, Azadirachtin showed considerable feeding deterrent effect against larvae of khapra beetle, T. granarium at concentrations 125 mg/kg grains. Moreover, the results showed that Abamectin was highly effective. The present study was planned to evaluate the insecticidal potency of Abamectin, ivermectin pyrethrins, Malathion and Azadirachtin against cowpea weevil, khapra beetle adults and its larvae through some bioassay methods included contact toxicity, residual toxicity, and anti-feedant activity.
{"title":"Comparative Efficiency of Selected Chemical and Bio Pesticides against some Stored Grain Insects","authors":"A. Arab, Nariman El-Tawelh, A. Hamza, G. Nasr","doi":"10.21608/jppp.2022.145344.1083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jppp.2022.145344.1083","url":null,"abstract":"Stored grain insect pests cause a high risk to the grains and seeds in storage such as weight loss, less germination, and reduced nutrition values of grains. Heavily use of synthetic insecticides resulted in a lot of problems for humans and the environment. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate new approaches for controlling certain stored product insects. In this respect, the following approaches were investigated: Acutely toxic chemicals, mostly of natural origin, i.e. Avermectins and pyrethrins against stored insect pests. In addition to Azadirachtin, the main constituent of neem kernels is a feeding deterrent. Some toxicological and environmental aspects of some tested chemicals were also evaluated. The results showed considerable and remarkable insecticidal activity. Avermectins, in particular, Ivermectin exhibited a noticeable insecticidal potency against the stored grain insects (i.e. cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus F., and khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium E.) under storage conditions (viz. lacking direct light and other weathering factors). yrethrins revealed a long residual toxicity when applied on grains. Azadirachtin, the principal phytochemical of neem kernels, has markedly antifeedant properties. Also, Azadirachtin showed considerable feeding deterrent effect against larvae of khapra beetle, T. granarium at concentrations 125 mg/kg grains. Moreover, the results showed that Abamectin was highly effective. The present study was planned to evaluate the insecticidal potency of Abamectin, ivermectin pyrethrins, Malathion and Azadirachtin against cowpea weevil, khapra beetle adults and its larvae through some bioassay methods included contact toxicity, residual toxicity, and anti-feedant activity.","PeriodicalId":16820,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74081006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.21608/jppp.2022.143751.1079
H. Amine, H. Anber, S. Hamed, Shimaa khalf, A. Abu-Shaishaa, H. A. Abd El-Rahman
Aphids, particularly Aphis gossypii Glov., is one of the most-important-pests in squash farms, caused serious losses by sucking plant sap in addition to plant viruses' transmission such as Papaya ringspot virus-W (PRSV-W). The current work conducted to study of the effect of various-systemic-insecticides and mineral-oil against melon-aphid, “ Aphis gossypii ” and its ability on transmissions of non-persistent-viruses under laboratory conditions. Data obtained showed that the “flonicamid” and “pymetrozine” recorded significantly-reduction in virus-acquisition and inoculations when compared-with control “also” reductions were compared-with mineral-oil applications. On-other-hand, data obtained of insecticide-residues activity and KZ-oil on “PRSV” transmission-rate by “ A. gossypii” revealed that flonicamid had significantly higher persistence up to 12 days followed by pymetrozine. The mineral oil experienced a significant increase in transmission rate as its efficacy decreased dramatically on the eighth transmission and twelfth days.
{"title":"Effects of Certain Insecticides and KZ Oil on Survival of “Aphis gossypii” and its Transmissions Ability of Papaya-Ringspot-Virus “Prsv” on Squash","authors":"H. Amine, H. Anber, S. Hamed, Shimaa khalf, A. Abu-Shaishaa, H. A. Abd El-Rahman","doi":"10.21608/jppp.2022.143751.1079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jppp.2022.143751.1079","url":null,"abstract":"Aphids, particularly Aphis gossypii Glov., is one of the most-important-pests in squash farms, caused serious losses by sucking plant sap in addition to plant viruses' transmission such as Papaya ringspot virus-W (PRSV-W). The current work conducted to study of the effect of various-systemic-insecticides and mineral-oil against melon-aphid, “ Aphis gossypii ” and its ability on transmissions of non-persistent-viruses under laboratory conditions. Data obtained showed that the “flonicamid” and “pymetrozine” recorded significantly-reduction in virus-acquisition and inoculations when compared-with control “also” reductions were compared-with mineral-oil applications. On-other-hand, data obtained of insecticide-residues activity and KZ-oil on “PRSV” transmission-rate by “ A. gossypii” revealed that flonicamid had significantly higher persistence up to 12 days followed by pymetrozine. The mineral oil experienced a significant increase in transmission rate as its efficacy decreased dramatically on the eighth transmission and twelfth days.","PeriodicalId":16820,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85134928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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