Journal of Plant Registrations最新文献

Farmer seed purchase patterns historically drive end-use quality into a subordinate position to yield enhancement and protection in hard red winter (HRW) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeding programs. Evolving consumer food purchase decisions could conceivably swing this priority pendulum back near the center. ‘Paradox’ (Reg. no. CV-1223; PI 705146), ‘Breadbox’ (Reg. no. CV-1221; PI 705144), and ‘Firebox’ (Reg. no. CV-1222; PI 705145) HRW wheat cultivars were developed with magnified dough strength as the first breeding priority and released in 2023. Our objectives herein were to document their novel rheology relative to contemporary HRW wheat, determine correlated changes in agronomic performance, and assess Paradox's potential as a strengthening component in bread flour blends. Marker-assisted backcrossing with Glu-B1al as the molecular target was conducted through the BC₂F₂ generation, from which experimental lines OK15MASBx7 ARS 8–29 (Paradox), OK15MASBx7 ARS 8–20 (Breadbox), and OK15DMASBx7 ARS 6–8 (Firebox) were derived via conventional inbreeding or doubled haploidization. Relative to the HRW controls, Paradox and Breadbox produced a sevenfold greater peak time and fourfold greater stability time, whereas changes in Firebox were more moderate but still superior to the HRW controls. None of the cultivars was diminished for agronomic or milling characteristics, and their novel dough strength was unrelated to grain protein concentration. All three cultivars have entered non-commoditized supply chains as ingredient flour intended for products requiring more gluten strength, including many formulations for pan bread.

USDA-ARS-GN5002 is a conventional F₄-derived late-maturity group (MG) V soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] (Reg. no. GP-546, PI 708598) germplasm with elevated seed oil content and competitive seed yield. This germplasm was jointly released by USDA-ARS and the North Carolina Agricultural Research Service in 2025. USDA-ARS-GN5002, experimental name N17-2520, was derived from a cross between R09-4095 and ‘NC-Miller’ (PI665018). It was tested in 22 and 44 environments under the MG V United Soybean Board Protein Diversity Test (PDT) and USDA Southern Uniform Test (UT), respectively, from 2019 to 2022. The seed yield of USDA-ARS-GN5002 (4062 kg ha⁻¹ in the PDT, and 3706 kg ha⁻¹ in the UT) was statistically similar to the check means in both the PDT (3766 kg ha⁻¹) and UT (3840 kg ha⁻¹). Similarly, seed protein content of USDA-ARS-GN5002 (408 g kg⁻¹ in the PDT and 397 g kg⁻¹ in the UT) on a dry weight basis was statistically similar to the check means in the PDT (411 g kg⁻¹) and UT (393 g kg⁻¹). However, the seed oil content of USDA-ARS-GN5002 (228 g kg⁻¹ in the PDT and 238 g kg⁻¹ in the UT) on a dry weight basis was significantly (p < .05) higher than the check means in the PDT (216 g kg⁻¹) and UT (221 g kg⁻¹). USDA-ARS-GN5002 is also resistant to stem canker. With an elevated seed oil content that does not compromise seed yield or protein content, USDA-ARS-GN5002 is a promising addition to the limited MG V genetic stocks for the U.S. Southeastern Region.

Oat (Avena sativa L.)–based food products are of interest to U.S. consumers for the health benefits associated with their consumption. The United States is home to the largest oat milling industry in the world, with a majority of its oat milling operations located in the Northern Great Plains. Although most of the oats used domestically are imported, the increasing demand for oats presents a potential market for oat producers in the region and the opportunity to diversify crop rotations to improve soil health. However, higher-yielding oat cultivars adapted to the Northern Great Plains are needed to increase the economic return for oat producers. ‘SD Buffalo’ (Reg. No. CV-391; PI 701925) oat is a spring oat cultivar developed by South Dakota State University and selected for its excellent yield potential in the Northern Great Plains, good level of resistance to crown rust (caused by Puccinia coronata Corda f. sp. avenae Eriks.) at the time of release, and satisfactory quality for milling. SD Buffalo was released by the South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station in 2021 as a replacement for the cultivar ‘Hayden’. Its release has the potential to further enhance oat production in the region and increase economic return for oat producers.

Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) production is a staple for the economy of the Texas High Plains. The area is responsible for a large portion of the U.S. cotton production. Local water resources are being depleted, forcing producers to maximize production quality and quantity with restricted or minimal irrigation resources. Providing genetic resources suitable to meet the standards of West Texas cotton has been a long-established goal of the Texas A&M AgriLife cotton breeding program at Lubbock, TX. Cultivar ‘CA 4019’ (Reg. No. CV-150; PI 709332) cotton, resulted from a cross between ‘MD26ne’ (PI 666042) and an unreleased breeding line, ‘11-14-1208’, from the cotton breeding program at Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center at Lubbock. CA 4019 has displayed superior yield capabilities in water-limited environments, along with a high-quality fiber package. Fiber quality measurements of micronaire and length uniformity were significantly improved compared with those of the commercial checks included in the trials. Improvements were also seen in fiber strength, elongation, and length. This cultivar offers a resource for improved fiber quality combined with improved yield potential under limited-water conditions and other environmental stressors of the Texas High Plains.

Resistance to powdery mildew (caused by Podosphaera macularis) is a primary objective for hop (Humulus lupulus L.) breeding programs. However, selection efforts are challenged by the existence of multiple races and the pathogen's demonstrated ability to overcome host resistance. The need for novel sources of resistance and the recent material transfer of an extensive collection of hop germplasm from Washington State University to the USDA-ARS inspired an elimination screen of 102 hop genotypes to six races of the pathogen. Fourteen genotypes (13.7% of the collection) were resistant to the three races currently widespread in the U.S. Pacific Northwest. After inoculation with two additional races with novel virulence from Europe, seven (6.8%) were resistant. Of these, two (∼2%) were resistant to a third race from Europe. Of the group of seven resistant genotypes, one is already registered (21184M [PI 558601]), and the remaining six are presented here (31058M [Reg. no. GP-45, PI 706212]; W1101-001M [Reg. no. GP-46, PI 706213]; 31061M [Reg. no. GP-47, PI 706214]; W1108-002M [Reg. no. GP-48, PI 706215]; W1110-002M [Reg. no. GP-49, PI 706216]; and W1125-004M [Reg. no. GP-50, PI 706217]). The lines can be used in breeding and to further research into the genetic mechanisms underlying multi-race powdery mildew resistance in hop.

Brewers are seeking new public hop (Humulus lupulus L.) cultivars that exhibit desirable tropical and stone-fruit aroma profiles for use in hop-forward beer styles. ‘USDA-ARS Vera’ (Reg. no. CV-31, PI 707888) is a new hop developed in collaboration between USDA-ARS and Washington State University and released by USDA-ARS in 2025. USDA-ARS Vera resulted from a cross made between Brewer's Gold and a powdery mildew-resistant male hop of Wild American descent, USDA 64103M, in 2011. USDA-ARS Vera was tested under the experimental name W1108-333 and later HRC003. The cultivar is low in alpha acids (3.79%–5.44%) and is mid-to-late maturing (median harvest date September 20 in Washington and Idaho), with on-farm yields between 1723 and 3049 kg ha⁻¹ when mature (≥2 years). The aroma of USDA-ARS Vera is described as tropical, stone fruit, and citrus, and the descriptors are consistent from dry rub to the final beer. The cultivar possesses resistance to the predominant races of the causal pathogen of hop powdery mildew present in the U.S. Pacific Northwest and moderate susceptibility to hop downy mildew. This release provides brewers and growers with a new, fruit-forward aroma hop with powdery mildew resistance that is freely available to the public and absent of intellectual property restrictions.

‘TX17D2337’ (Reg. no. CV-1220, PI 706602) is a soft red winter wheat (SRWW; Triticum aestivum) released in 2022 by Texas A&M AgriLife Research. This cultivar was developed from the cross of an experimental Louisiana line, LA04041D-63, and an experimental North Carolina line, NC09-22206, in 2012 made by the Louisiana State University small grains breeding program. TX17D2337 is medium maturity, awned, and white-glumed with average height and semi-erect early growth. It was released based on its above-average grain yield and grain volume weight, and good resistance to leaf and stripe rust. This cultivar is widely adapted to the SRWW growing regions of Texas and the wider region of the Gulf Atlantic including Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, and North Carolina. Breeder, foundation, registered, and certified seed is authorized for this cultivar in the United States. TX17D2337 will be submitted for US Plant Variety Protection with a certification option.

‘CLL19’ (Reg. no. CV-163; PI 705153), an early-maturing, high-yielding long-grain rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar, was developed by the Louisiana State University Agricultural Center (LSU AgCenter) at the H. Rouse Caffey Rice Research Station near Crowley, LA, and was approved for release in 2023. CLL19 was selected from a cross between two experimental lines—RU1202106 and RU1202189. RU1202106 is a long-grain experimental line developed at the LSU AgCenter from the cross ‘Wells’/‘CL161’//‘Drew’/‘CL161’. RU1202189 is a long-grain experimental line developed at the LSU AgCenter from the pedigree ‘Cheniere’//‘Cocodrie’/‘Jefferson’. CLL19 demonstrated good yield potential and favorable agronomic characteristics in the 2017 Preliminary Yield Trial. From 2018 to 2023, CLL19 underwent evaluation in 49 replicated trials across 10 locations in Louisiana. Four high-yielding commercial cultivars were included as checks: ‘CL153’, ‘CLL15’, ‘CLL16’, and ‘CLL17’. The grain yield of CLL19 was 9.7 t ha⁻¹ compared with 9.1 t ha⁻¹ for CL153, 8.2 t ha⁻¹ for CLL15, 10.2 t ha⁻¹ for CLL16, and 9.0 t ha⁻¹ for CLL17 across 49 trials from 2018 to 2023. CLL19 (94 cm) was significantly shorter than CL153 (100 cm), CLL16 (105 cm), and CLL17 (99 cm). It matured 2–7 days earlier than the checks. It exhibits cooking qualities similar to typical U.S. long-grain rice. CLL19 is susceptible to sheath blight and bacterial panicle blight, resistant to leaf blast, and moderately susceptible to narrow brown leaf spot.

Two (2n = 4x = 40) peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) germplasm lines, GP-NC WS 18 (IL-29) (Reg. no. GP-254, PI 708341) and GP-NC WS 19 (IL-49) (Reg. no. GP-255, PI 708342), originated from interspecific hybridization between Gregory (2n = 4x = 40; AABB genomes; PI 608666) and A. diogoi Hoehne (2n = 2x = 20; AA genome) (GKP 10602; PI 276235). The lines were developed in the peanut genetics program at North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC. Fertility was restored by chromosome doubling to the hexaploid level with colchicine treatment, and after self-pollinating progenies for 11 generations, fertile tetraploid progenies were recovered that are fully cross compatible with cultivated peanut. These two lines were tested extensively from 2016 through 2021 for resistance to leaf spots and Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). GP-NC WS 18 is highly resistant to both early and late leaf spots and to TSWV. GP-NC WS 19 has resistance to the leaf spots and extremely high levels of resistance to TSWV. Furthermore, as A. diogoi is resistant to many diseases and insect pests (with only three being evaluated), the lines may prove valuable genetic resources for resistance to other diseases after additional evaluation. These two lines should provide unique, improved germplasm for breeders interested in multiple disease resistance and in expanding the germplasm pool of A. hypogaea.

The allotetraploid legume peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) has low genetic diversity due to the single origin and ploidy barrier with its wild relatives, which are mostly diploid. This lack of genetic diversity hinders breeding and genetic gains. Wild peanut relatives harbor known resistances to pests and diseases and genetic variation that can contribute to adaptation to diverse environments and a changing climate. The ploidy barrier between the wild relatives and the cultigen can be surpassed by the production of induced allotetraploids using parents with genomes that are compatible to those of peanut. Here, we crossed seven accessions of six Arachis species. All combinations carried at least one of the peanut progenitors, A. ipaënsis and A. duranensis, crossed with a species of complementary genome. The original hybrids were treated with colchicine for recovery of fertility, observed by pollen viability and seed production. Six new allotetraploids were produced; they were named WPL-BatDur1 (Reg. no. GP-248, PI 707934), WPL-BatDur2 (Reg. no. GP-249, PI 707936), WPL-MagDur1 (Reg. no. GP-253, PI 707942), WPL-IpaCor1 (Reg. no. GP-251, PI 707938), WPL-IpaDur1 (Reg. no. GP-250, PI 707937), and WPL-IpaVillo1 (Reg. no. GP-252, PI 707941), released by the University of Georgia. Cytogenetic analyses confirmed the tetraploid plants had 20 A-type and 20 B- or K-type chromosomes. All these allotetraploids have surprisingly high protein content. They also show moderate to strong resistance to the main peanut fungal diseases (late and early leaf spot and rust) and Southern stem rot, are compatible with cultivated peanut, and are being used in breeding programs in the United States, Senegal, and Brazil for the development of resilient peanut cultivars.