Journal of Plant Registrations最新文献

Damage to mature soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed occurs when mature seeds are subjected to weathering, fungi, and insects under hot humid conditions. Such damage can be exacerbated by delays in harvest. Mature seed damage (MSD) causes lost revenue to both producers and processors, as well as lower quality of the seed, protein meal, and oil to consumers. The release of DS1260-2 (Reg. no. GP-531, PI 705148) by the USDA-ARS is part of our effort to increase soybean tolerance to mature seed damage using traditional plant breeding. Tolerance to MSD was derived from exotic accession Huang mao bai shui dou (PI 587982A) and incorporated through pedigree selection into an agronomically improved conventional late maturity group IV germplasm adapted for production in the midsouthern United States. DS1260-2 has significantly lower levels of seed damage than cultivars ‘P46T59R’, ‘AG4632’, and ‘P48A60X’, which manifests as lower incidence of Diaporthe longicolla (Hobbs) J.M. Santos (Syn. Phomopsis longicolla Hobbs), less seed coat wrinkling and visual mold, lower incidence of fungal metabolites (nivalenol, cercosporin, cytochalasins H and J, tryptophol, fusaric acid, and beauvericin), and higher seed germination. DS1260-2 yielded similar to P46T59R in trials over 4 years in Mississippi, but less than ‘AG46X6’, ‘AG48X9’, and ‘S16-7922C’ in regional testing. DS1260-2 is resistant to southern stem canker, frogeye leaf spot, and race 3 (HG type 0) of soybean cyst nematode. DS1260-2 is a valuable source for developing cultivars with improved tolerance to the MSD that is caused by mold and weathering.

‘Avant’ (Reg. no. CV-161; PI 699954), an early-maturing and high-yielding long-grain rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar, was developed by the Louisiana State University Agricultural Center at the H. Rouse Caffey Rice Research Station near Crowley, LA, and was approved for release in 2021. Avant was selected from the cross ‘Trenasse’//‘Cocodrie’/‘Jefferson’/3/‘Ahrent’/‘Cocodrie’// Cocodrie/‘LaGrue’. It demonstrated good yield potential and favorable agronomic characteristics in the 2017 preliminary yield trial. From 2018 to 2023, Avant underwent evaluation in 54 replicated trials across nine locations in Louisiana. Four high-yielding commercial cultivars were included as checks: ‘Mermentau’, ‘Cheniere’, ‘CL153’, and ‘CLL17’. The grain yield of Avant was 9.5 t ha⁻¹ compared to 9.3 t ha⁻¹ for Mermentau, 8.8 t ha⁻¹ for Cheniere, 9.5 t ha⁻¹ for CL153, and 9.3 t ha⁻¹ for CLL17 across 46 trials from 2018 to 2023. Avant was significantly shorter than Mermentau, Cheniere, CL153, and CLL17. It exhibits cooking quality similar to typical US long-grain rice. Avant is susceptible to sheath blight, moderately susceptible to leaf blast and bacterial panicle blight, and moderately resistant to narrow brown leaf spot.

‘Yukon Gold’ (Reg. no. CV-363, PI 706256) yellow bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), developed by Michigan State University AgBioResearch was released in 2024 as an upright, determinate, bush type, mid-season cultivar with a bright yellow seedcoat. Yukon Gold was developed using the pedigree breeding method to F₄ generation followed by pure line selection for disease, agronomic, and quality traits. In 4 year of field trials, Yukon Gold yielded 3116 kg ha⁻¹, flowered in 43 days, and matured in 96 days on average. Plants averaged 38.9 cm in height, with a lodging resistance score of 1.8 and seed weight of 43.1 g 100 seed⁻¹. Yukon Gold is well adapted to growing conditions in Michigan and produces seeds with an intense yellow seedcoat color (highlighter color), which is brighter than others yellow bean cultivars. Yukon Gold is resistant to lodging and possesses a determinate upright growth habit with tolerance to white mold. Yukon Gold is resistant to Bean common mosaic virus, is susceptible to anthracnose race 7 and common bacterial blight. Yukon Gold cooks in 31 min and produces excellent seed color that exceeds industry standards for the yellow bean market class.

Rice blast disease (caused by the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae B.C. Couch) is the most threatening disease of rice (Oryza sativa L.) worldwide. Three rice germplasm lines, designated as CS272 (Reg. no. GP-151, GSOR 201), CS324 (Reg. no. GP-152, GSOR 202), and CS353 (Reg. no. GP-153, GSOR 203) were selected from among nine 900 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross of the US-adapted cultivars ‘Cybonnet’ (PI 636726) and ‘Saber’ (PI 633624). These Cybonnet–Saber (CS) RILs were officially released by the USDA-ARS and the University of Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station in cooperation with Louisiana State University, Crowley, LA. These three RILs have resistance to blast as determined under greenhouse conditions and uninoculated field trials conducted in Puerto Rico in 2017 and Crowley in 2018 and 2019. The RILs were resistant to most blast races as determined in inoculated greenhouse tests, resistant to leaf blast when tested in an upland blast nursery in Crowley, and resistant to panicle blast under flood conditions in Puerto Rico and Crowley. These CS RILs contain the major blast resistance gene Ptr identified on chromosome 12 originating from the Cybonnet parent. These three CS RILs are superior in panicle size and have many agronomic and grain-quality characteristics comparable to or better than those of both parents. The CS RILs can be used in rice-breeding programs for improving blast resistance, quality, and yield.

‘Avalon’ (Reg. no. CV-383, PI 700308) is the first two-row, winter malt barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivar developed by the Virginia Agricultural Experimental Station. Avalon was released in May 2020. Prior to being named, Avalon was tested under the experimental designation VA16M-81. Avalon was evaluated from 2018 to 2023 in the Eastern Malt Barley Trials (EMBT) at one to three locations in three states and in the Winter Malt Barley Trial (WMBT) from 2020 to 2023 in six to 15 states. In the EMBT in Virginia, mean grain yield (5604 kg ha⁻¹) of Avalon was higher to cultivar ‘Violetta’, but lower than those of ‘Flavia’, ‘Calypso’, and ‘Thoroughbred’. Average grain volume weight of Avalon (64.9 kg hL⁻¹) was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher than the check cultivars, except Violetta. Head emergence of Avalon was 3 days earlier than Flavia and Calypso and 1 to 2 days later than Violetta and Thoroughbred, respectively. Avalon was developed primarily as a malt barley cultivar. On the basis of malting evaluations, Avalon has acceptable quality profiles with specific quality traits including high extract, low protein content, and low beta-glucan for the years tested. Avalon provides malt barley producers and end users in the eastern United States with excellent malt quality and a unique and distinct flavor profile having good to moderate resistance to all diseases prevalent in the eastern United States. It is moderately susceptible to Fusarium head blight but has moderately low deoxynivalenol accumulation in the grain.

The production of soft red winter wheat (SRWW) (Triticum aestivum L.) in the US southeast (SE) region is important. However, wheat production faces many challenges including many stresses resulting in substantial losses in yield and quality. To address these challenges, developing new cultivars with high yield potential with resistance to major pests in the region and good quality is warranted. The SRWW breeding programs ate the University of Georgia (UGA) and the regional institutions including the Southern Universities GRAINS (SUNGRAINS) programs aims to solve these problems. The release of ‘GA071518-16E39’ (Reg. no. CV-1210, PI 698826) SRWW in 2019, is among many adapted cultivars developed and released by the UGA College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences. GA071518-16E39 has broad adaptation to the US SE region, but specifically well fit to the Georgia environments. It is a high yielding cultivar with excellent resistance to most dominant diseases including leaf (caused by Puccinia triticina Erikss.) and stripe (caused by P. striiformis Westend.) rusts, Soil-borne wheat mosaic virus, and Hessian fly insect [Mayetiola destructor (Say)] including major prevalent biotypes (B, C, O, and L) in the region. GA071518-16E39 is moderately resistant to powdery mildew (caused by Erisyphe graminis) and moderate susceptible to Fusarium head blight (caused by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe) which is reflected in relatively lower levels of disease severity and Deoxynivalenol toxin. GA071518-16E39 has excellent grain volume weight and milling and baking quality as a SRWW.

‘Addi Jo’ (Reg. no. CV-162; PI 701526), a high-yielding and high-amylose long-grain rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar, was developed by the Louisiana State University Agricultural Center at the H. Rouse Caffey Rice Research Station near Crowley, LA, and was approved for release in 2021. Addi Jo was derived from the cross ‘Thad’/‘Catahoula’. It demonstrated good yield potential and favorable agronomic characteristics in the 2018 preliminary yield trial. From 2019 to 2022, Addi Jo underwent evaluation in 32 replicated trials across nine locations in Louisiana. Four high-yielding commercial cultivars were included as checks: ‘Mermentau’, ‘Cheniere’, ‘Jupiter’, and ‘CL153’. The grain yield of ‘Addi Jo’ was 8.8 t ha⁻¹ compared to 8.9 t ha⁻¹ for Mermentau, 8.3 t ha⁻¹ for Cheniere, 9.2 t ha⁻¹ for Jupiter, and 9.5 t ha⁻¹ for CL153 across 24 trials from 2019 to 2022. Addi Jo had a similar plant height to Mermentau, Cheniere, and CL153, and was 4-cm taller than Jupiter. It exhibits cooking quality similar to Thad, with high amylose and gel temperature. Addi Jo is moderately susceptible to sheath blight and bacterial panicle blight, moderately resistant to narrow brown leaf spot (Cercospora spp.), and resistant to leaf blast.

The Inland Pacific Northwest is the largest Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) seed production area worldwide. Historically, farmers in Washington burnt Kentucky bluegrass residues, a common practice for pathogen control, pest management and maximum economic revenue. Washington State implements air quality and fire safety burn bans under certain conditions to protect public health and safety. Outside of Native American reservations, burning of Kentucky bluegrass has been outlawed in Washington state, which raised the need for breeding a new Kentucky bluegrass cultivar that will have good yield without burning. ‘Matchless’ (Reg. no. CV-102, PI 701401, PVP 202200523) Kentucky bluegrass is a common-type cultivar released in 2023. Matchless was selected for its superior yield without burning crop residues, derived from the common-type cultivar ‘Kenblue’, in an open-pollinated nursery in Pullman, WA. Matchless was compared to Kenblue, ‘America’, ‘Baron’, and other standard cultivars, and exhibited taller plant height, longer leaf sheath length, and longer panicle length, among other traits. Matchless outperformed Kenblue in turf quality and exhibited similar spring green-up. The combination of statistically significant differences in traits makes Matchless a unique cultivar. It is distinct from its parental cultivar Kenblue and other common-type cultivars and performs and adapts well for use in home lawns, parks, and reclamation projects.

Soft red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.; SRWW) is a major crop in the US southeast (SE) region. However, growing successful wheat crop is challenged by many stresses resulting in substantial losses in yield and quality. To alleviate these challenges, developing new cultivars with high yield potential with resistance to major pests in the region and good quality is warranted. This constitutes the major goal of the SRWW breeding programs ate the University of Georgia (UGA) and the regional institutions including the southern universities GRAINS (SUNGRAINS) programs. ‘GA09436-16LE12’ (Reg. no. CV-1209, PI 700011) SRWW cultivar was among the adapted wheat developed and released by the UGA College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences in 2019. While GA09436-16LE12 is generally adapted to the US SE region, it specifically well fit to the Georgia environments. It has high yield, very good resistance to most dominant diseases including leaf (caused by Puccinia triticina Erikss.) and stripe (caused by P. striiformis Westend.) rusts; powdery mildew (caused by Erisyphe graminis); and Soil-borne wheat mosaic virus. GA09436-16LE12 has improved Fusarium head blight (caused by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe) which is reflected in lower levels of Deoxynivalenol toxin and Fusarium damaged kernels levels. It also showed moderate field resistance to Hessian fly [Mayetiola destructor (Say)] although it is susceptible to the biotypes B, C, O, and L. GA09436-16LE12 has good grain volume weight and good milling and baking quality as a SRWW.

In Utah, spring feed barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is commonly used in rotation with hay to supply the state's animal products industry. The objective of this research was to develop a spring feed barley cultivar with improved agronomic performance and adaptation to Utah's growing conditions. ‘Rulon’ (Reg. No. CV-382, PI 705157, PVP no. 202400311) is a six-row, spring feed barley cultivar developed and evaluated as UTSB10905-72 and released in 2023 by the Utah Agricultural Experiment Station (UAES). Rulon was derived from the cross UTSB2120-36/‘Goldeneye’. Goldeneye is a six-row spring feed barley cultivar released by UAES in 2005. UTSB2120-36 was an F₄-derived experimental line from the cross ‘Century’/‘IdaGold II’. Rulon was selected through a modified bulk breeding scheme from the F₂ to the F₄ generations. Derived from the F₄ generation, Rulon was tested in replicated yield trials in Logan, UT, from 2013 to 2020, the University of Idaho (UI) Extension Variety Trials in 2016 and 2017, and the Western Regional Spring Barley Nursery from 2016 to 2018. Rulon yielded an average of 5987 kg ha⁻¹ in Logan, outperforming all check varieties, and showed similar days to heading compared to Goldeneye. In the UI Extension Variety Trials, Rulon showed higher kernel plumpness (95%) compared to the check varieties (76–88%). In the Western Regional Spring Barley Nurseries, Rulon ranked among the top five yielding entries in 15 out of 25 site-years. Rulon was released on the basis of its high grain yield, excellent kernel plumpness, and high test weight.