Journal of Plant Registrations最新文献

The sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench ssp. bicolor] germplasm lines Tx3499–Tx3503 (Reg. no. GP-948–Reg. no. GP-952, PI 706257–PI 706261) were developed by the Texas A&M AgriLife Research sorghum breeding program in 2024. These lines are resistant to acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase)-inhibiting herbicides used for post-emergence control of common grass weeds. Genetic resistance to aryloxyphenoxypropionate and phenylpyrazoline class herbicides was introgressed into Tx3499–Tx3503 from a donor line that contained a single partially dominant gene. These lines represent diverse pedigrees and an array of combinations of grain color, plant color, maintenance of sterility or restoration of fertility to A₁ male-sterile cytoplasm, as well as other agronomic traits. They provide the sorghum industry with sources of resistance to ACCase-inhibiting herbicides in elite backgrounds for use as seed and pollinator parent germplasm.

Kernel hardness is a primary determinant of the milling and end use quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and is largely genetically controlled by the Pin genes on chromosome 5D in common wheat. Wheat carrying the wild-type alleles of the Pin genes exhibits softer kernel texture, higher break flour yield, finer flour particle, and lower damaged starch content than wheat carrying one or two mutant alleles of the Pin genes. The USDA-ARS developed and released two extra-soft soft red winter (SRW) wheat germplasms, SWQL11-146-4 (Reg. no. GP-1100, PI 706439) and SWQL11-156-5 (Reg. no. GP-1101, PI 706440), by introgression of the Pin genes on chromosome 5A (Pin 5A genes) from a ‘Chinese Spring’ translocation line to SRW wheat cultivars. SWQL11-146-4 and SWQL11-156-5 were derived from the crosses of OH04-264-58*2//T5A^mS-5AS∙5AL R#45/OH04-264-58/3/GA 991371-6E13 and Milton/T5A^mS-5AS∙5AL R#45//3*USG 3555, respectively, and were grown in four different environments and analyzed for grain and milling characteristics and agronomic performance. Kernel hardness values averaged across environments were 0.7–1.4 in extra-soft wheat germplasms, 15.3–17.4 in their sibling lines without the Pin 5A genes (wild types), and 18.7-21.3 in recurrent parents. The break flour yields of SWQL11-146-4 and SWQL11-156-5 were significantly higher than those of the corresponding wild types and parents. SWQL11-146-4 had a higher test weight and flour yield than its wild types and parent. The introgression of the Pin 5A genes induced insignificant changes in kernel diameter and weight, grain protein content, and agronomic performance (heading date, plant height, and grain yield). These two extra-soft wheat germplasms would be valuable genetic resources for improving the milling and end use quality of soft wheat.

In South Florida, sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is cultivated on muck (organic) and sandy (mineral) soils. In 2022, 119,014 ha of sugarcane was grown on muck soil, which encompassed 72.2% of the total sugarcane acreage in Florida. The Canal Point (CP) sugarcane breeding program has the mandate of developing improved sugarcane cultivars for Florida growers. ‘CP 16-1883’ (Reg. no. CV-219, PI 705625), a sugarcane cultivar, and complex hybrid of Saccharum spp., was developed through cooperative research of the USDA-ARS, the University of Florida, and the Florida Sugarcane League and was released to growers in Florida on June 6, 2023. CP 16-1883 was selected from the cross CPX13-0991 made at CP Sugarcane Field Station on December 9, 2013; varieties ‘CPCL 05-1201’ and ‘CP 07-1746’ were the female and male parents, respectively. CP 16-1883 was selected from the early stages of selection based on its high cane yield, sucrose content, and sugar yield, and its acceptable resistance to main diseases affecting sugarcane in South Florida. Replicated trials, including CP 16-1883, were planted on muck soils at five locations and harvested during three crops cycles at each location. The overall cane yield, commercial recoverable sucrose, sucrose content, and the economic index of CP 16-1883 were higher than the reference cultivars. In addition, CP 16-1883 displays good ratooning ability for cane yield and minimal Pol and sucrose decreases after freezing temperatures.

Damage to mature soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed occurs when mature seeds are subjected to weathering, fungi, and insects under hot humid conditions. Such damage can be exacerbated by delays in harvest. Mature seed damage (MSD) causes lost revenue to both producers and processors, as well as lower quality of the seed, protein meal, and oil to consumers. The release of DS1260-2 (Reg. no. GP-531, PI 705148) by the USDA-ARS is part of our effort to increase soybean tolerance to mature seed damage using traditional plant breeding. Tolerance to MSD was derived from exotic accession Huang mao bai shui dou (PI 587982A) and incorporated through pedigree selection into an agronomically improved conventional late maturity group IV germplasm adapted for production in the midsouthern United States. DS1260-2 has significantly lower levels of seed damage than cultivars ‘P46T59R’, ‘AG4632’, and ‘P48A60X’, which manifests as lower incidence of Diaporthe longicolla (Hobbs) J.M. Santos (Syn. Phomopsis longicolla Hobbs), less seed coat wrinkling and visual mold, lower incidence of fungal metabolites (nivalenol, cercosporin, cytochalasins H and J, tryptophol, fusaric acid, and beauvericin), and higher seed germination. DS1260-2 yielded similar to P46T59R in trials over 4 years in Mississippi, but less than ‘AG46X6’, ‘AG48X9’, and ‘S16-7922C’ in regional testing. DS1260-2 is resistant to southern stem canker, frogeye leaf spot, and race 3 (HG type 0) of soybean cyst nematode. DS1260-2 is a valuable source for developing cultivars with improved tolerance to the MSD that is caused by mold and weathering.

‘Avant’ (Reg. no. CV-161; PI 699954), an early-maturing and high-yielding long-grain rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar, was developed by the Louisiana State University Agricultural Center at the H. Rouse Caffey Rice Research Station near Crowley, LA, and was approved for release in 2021. Avant was selected from the cross ‘Trenasse’//‘Cocodrie’/‘Jefferson’/3/‘Ahrent’/‘Cocodrie’// Cocodrie/‘LaGrue’. It demonstrated good yield potential and favorable agronomic characteristics in the 2017 preliminary yield trial. From 2018 to 2023, Avant underwent evaluation in 54 replicated trials across nine locations in Louisiana. Four high-yielding commercial cultivars were included as checks: ‘Mermentau’, ‘Cheniere’, ‘CL153’, and ‘CLL17’. The grain yield of Avant was 9.5 t ha⁻¹ compared to 9.3 t ha⁻¹ for Mermentau, 8.8 t ha⁻¹ for Cheniere, 9.5 t ha⁻¹ for CL153, and 9.3 t ha⁻¹ for CLL17 across 46 trials from 2018 to 2023. Avant was significantly shorter than Mermentau, Cheniere, CL153, and CLL17. It exhibits cooking quality similar to typical US long-grain rice. Avant is susceptible to sheath blight, moderately susceptible to leaf blast and bacterial panicle blight, and moderately resistant to narrow brown leaf spot.

‘Yukon Gold’ (Reg. no. CV-363, PI 706256) yellow bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), developed by Michigan State University AgBioResearch was released in 2024 as an upright, determinate, bush type, mid-season cultivar with a bright yellow seedcoat. Yukon Gold was developed using the pedigree breeding method to F₄ generation followed by pure line selection for disease, agronomic, and quality traits. In 4 year of field trials, Yukon Gold yielded 3116 kg ha⁻¹, flowered in 43 days, and matured in 96 days on average. Plants averaged 38.9 cm in height, with a lodging resistance score of 1.8 and seed weight of 43.1 g 100 seed⁻¹. Yukon Gold is well adapted to growing conditions in Michigan and produces seeds with an intense yellow seedcoat color (highlighter color), which is brighter than others yellow bean cultivars. Yukon Gold is resistant to lodging and possesses a determinate upright growth habit with tolerance to white mold. Yukon Gold is resistant to Bean common mosaic virus, is susceptible to anthracnose race 7 and common bacterial blight. Yukon Gold cooks in 31 min and produces excellent seed color that exceeds industry standards for the yellow bean market class.

Rice blast disease (caused by the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae B.C. Couch) is the most threatening disease of rice (Oryza sativa L.) worldwide. Three rice germplasm lines, designated as CS272 (Reg. no. GP-151, GSOR 201), CS324 (Reg. no. GP-152, GSOR 202), and CS353 (Reg. no. GP-153, GSOR 203) were selected from among nine 900 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross of the US-adapted cultivars ‘Cybonnet’ (PI 636726) and ‘Saber’ (PI 633624). These Cybonnet–Saber (CS) RILs were officially released by the USDA-ARS and the University of Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station in cooperation with Louisiana State University, Crowley, LA. These three RILs have resistance to blast as determined under greenhouse conditions and uninoculated field trials conducted in Puerto Rico in 2017 and Crowley in 2018 and 2019. The RILs were resistant to most blast races as determined in inoculated greenhouse tests, resistant to leaf blast when tested in an upland blast nursery in Crowley, and resistant to panicle blast under flood conditions in Puerto Rico and Crowley. These CS RILs contain the major blast resistance gene Ptr identified on chromosome 12 originating from the Cybonnet parent. These three CS RILs are superior in panicle size and have many agronomic and grain-quality characteristics comparable to or better than those of both parents. The CS RILs can be used in rice-breeding programs for improving blast resistance, quality, and yield.

‘Avalon’ (Reg. no. CV-383, PI 700308) is the first two-row, winter malt barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivar developed by the Virginia Agricultural Experimental Station. Avalon was released in May 2020. Prior to being named, Avalon was tested under the experimental designation VA16M-81. Avalon was evaluated from 2018 to 2023 in the Eastern Malt Barley Trials (EMBT) at one to three locations in three states and in the Winter Malt Barley Trial (WMBT) from 2020 to 2023 in six to 15 states. In the EMBT in Virginia, mean grain yield (5604 kg ha⁻¹) of Avalon was higher to cultivar ‘Violetta’, but lower than those of ‘Flavia’, ‘Calypso’, and ‘Thoroughbred’. Average grain volume weight of Avalon (64.9 kg hL⁻¹) was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher than the check cultivars, except Violetta. Head emergence of Avalon was 3 days earlier than Flavia and Calypso and 1 to 2 days later than Violetta and Thoroughbred, respectively. Avalon was developed primarily as a malt barley cultivar. On the basis of malting evaluations, Avalon has acceptable quality profiles with specific quality traits including high extract, low protein content, and low beta-glucan for the years tested. Avalon provides malt barley producers and end users in the eastern United States with excellent malt quality and a unique and distinct flavor profile having good to moderate resistance to all diseases prevalent in the eastern United States. It is moderately susceptible to Fusarium head blight but has moderately low deoxynivalenol accumulation in the grain.

The production of soft red winter wheat (SRWW) (Triticum aestivum L.) in the US southeast (SE) region is important. However, wheat production faces many challenges including many stresses resulting in substantial losses in yield and quality. To address these challenges, developing new cultivars with high yield potential with resistance to major pests in the region and good quality is warranted. The SRWW breeding programs ate the University of Georgia (UGA) and the regional institutions including the Southern Universities GRAINS (SUNGRAINS) programs aims to solve these problems. The release of ‘GA071518-16E39’ (Reg. no. CV-1210, PI 698826) SRWW in 2019, is among many adapted cultivars developed and released by the UGA College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences. GA071518-16E39 has broad adaptation to the US SE region, but specifically well fit to the Georgia environments. It is a high yielding cultivar with excellent resistance to most dominant diseases including leaf (caused by Puccinia triticina Erikss.) and stripe (caused by P. striiformis Westend.) rusts, Soil-borne wheat mosaic virus, and Hessian fly insect [Mayetiola destructor (Say)] including major prevalent biotypes (B, C, O, and L) in the region. GA071518-16E39 is moderately resistant to powdery mildew (caused by Erisyphe graminis) and moderate susceptible to Fusarium head blight (caused by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe) which is reflected in relatively lower levels of disease severity and Deoxynivalenol toxin. GA071518-16E39 has excellent grain volume weight and milling and baking quality as a SRWW.

‘Addi Jo’ (Reg. no. CV-162; PI 701526), a high-yielding and high-amylose long-grain rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar, was developed by the Louisiana State University Agricultural Center at the H. Rouse Caffey Rice Research Station near Crowley, LA, and was approved for release in 2021. Addi Jo was derived from the cross ‘Thad’/‘Catahoula’. It demonstrated good yield potential and favorable agronomic characteristics in the 2018 preliminary yield trial. From 2019 to 2022, Addi Jo underwent evaluation in 32 replicated trials across nine locations in Louisiana. Four high-yielding commercial cultivars were included as checks: ‘Mermentau’, ‘Cheniere’, ‘Jupiter’, and ‘CL153’. The grain yield of ‘Addi Jo’ was 8.8 t ha⁻¹ compared to 8.9 t ha⁻¹ for Mermentau, 8.3 t ha⁻¹ for Cheniere, 9.2 t ha⁻¹ for Jupiter, and 9.5 t ha⁻¹ for CL153 across 24 trials from 2019 to 2022. Addi Jo had a similar plant height to Mermentau, Cheniere, and CL153, and was 4-cm taller than Jupiter. It exhibits cooking quality similar to Thad, with high amylose and gel temperature. Addi Jo is moderately susceptible to sheath blight and bacterial panicle blight, moderately resistant to narrow brown leaf spot (Cercospora spp.), and resistant to leaf blast.