Journal of Plant Registrations最新文献

The root-knot nematode (RKN; Meloidogyne incognita Kofoid & White) and reniform nematode (RN; Rotylenchulus reniformis Linford & Oliveira) are serious pathogens of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) that significantly affect yield and fiber quality annually. Here, we describe two upland cotton germplasm lines that have combined resistance to RKN and RN while maintaining good yield and fiber quality traits. Upland germplasm lines MS-4857 (Reg. no. GP-1147, PI 704481) and MS-4878 (Reg. no. GP-1148, PI 704482) are F₆ recombinant inbred lines from a cross between M240 RNR (RKN resistant) and MT2468 Ren1 (moderately RN resistant). These lines are highly resistant to RKN and show ∼30% fewer RN eggs g⁻¹ root than the MT2468 Ren1 parent due to significantly improved root system development compared with MT2468 Ren1. Yield and fiber quality traits are equivalent or superior to the parental lines. The upland-derived RN resistance in these lines provides a valuable alternative source of resistance to cotton breeding programs, especially in combination with high-level RKN resistance.

Selection for resistance to plant diseases is a continuous effort on the part of plant breeders. Sources of genetic resistance are often limited, despite considerable discovery efforts. Stem rust and stripe rust are two diseases of particular importance in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) production. The present work aims to develop and deploy genotypes with resistance to these diseases that can be used in future breeding efforts. The Woodies, Woody-1 (DH160733; Reg. no. GP-218, PI 704479) and Woody-2 (DH160754; Reg. no. GP-219, PI 704480), are two doubled-haploid genotypes produced via F₁ anther culture named in honor of the late Lynn “Woody” Gallagher. These two-row spring habit barley germplasm accessions were released by the Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station in 2023. These genotypes have demonstrated resistance to both stem and stripe rust at the seedling and adult plant stage in trials conducted between 2018 and 2023. The genetic basis of this resistance appears to be a novel quantitative trait locus conferring resistance to both diseases on chromosome 5H that is different from the known rpg4/Rpg5 complex for stem rust resistance found on the same chromosome. Seed can be requested from the Oregon State University Barley Breeding Program or from the NLGRP Germplasm repository.

FloRun ‘T61’ (Reg. no. CV-159, PI 700039) is a high-oleic, runner market-type peanut (Arachis hypogaea L. subsp. hypogaea var. hypogaea) cultivar developed by the University of Florida Agricultural Experiment Station, North Florida Research and Education Center, near Marianna, FL. It resulted from a cross between ‘Georiga-06G’ and a University of Florida Agricultural Experiment Station experimental line ‘UF12302’ and was tested under the experimental designation UF11 × 41-HO1-4-1-1 and was approved for release in 2021. FloRun ‘T61’ has a semi-prostrate growth habit, with moderate vine size and a prominent center stem. The seed is smaller than seed of Georgia-06G but larger than FloRun ‘331’ (67.3 g vs. 64.6 g; P < 0.0001). It yielded similarly to FloRun ‘331’ over the 4-year period of 2017–2020 in three Florida locations (7862 kg ha⁻¹ vs. 8068 kg ha⁻¹), and its pod yield was slightly greater than Georgia-06G during the 5-year period of 2016–2020 (7680 kg ha⁻¹ vs. 7273 kg ha⁻¹; P = 0.0137). The total sound mature kernel grade of FloRun ‘T61’ was slightly greater than that of FloRun ‘331’ (78.6% vs. 77.7%, P < 0.025) but was similar to the total sound mature kernel grade of Georgia-06G. FloRun ‘T61’ has high oleic oil chemistry composed of 77.1% oleic fatty acid versus 58.7% for Georgia-06G in 2020 (P < 0.001) and 79.2% in 2021 compared with 65.7% for Georgia-06G (P < 0.001). Over 5 years, the spotted wilt ratings of FloRun ‘T61’ (2.5) were less than for FloRun ‘331’ (4.8; P < 0.01). In summary, FloRun ‘T61’ combines excellent yield, grade, disease, and oil chemistry traits and should be beneficial to farmers and manufacturers of peanut foods.

Oat (Avena sativa L.) production worldwide is constrained by crown rust (caused by Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae), which can cause significant yield losses. The disease is often controlled by spraying fungicides or planting resistant cultivars. Developing host resistance, however, is a challenge due to the high genetic variability of the pathogen. Race-specific resistance usually succumbs to new races in just a few years. As such, the USDA-ARS Cereal Disease Laboratory developed mapping populations to identify adult plant resistance (APR) loci from Avena sativa donors. Resistant lines from the mapping populations were selected and crossed with buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica L.) nursery selection lines BT1020-1-1 and BT1021-1-1, which possess a different gene for crown rust resistance derived from Avena strigosa. From the crosses, CDL-111 (Reg. no. GP-122, PI 702639) and CDL-167 (Reg. no. GP-123, PI 702640), both containing three APR quantitative trait loci, were selected as germplasm for resistance breeding. High-throughput markers for selection were developed and implemented in pyramiding the APR loci.

Basic breeding efforts initiated at the USDA-ARS in Houma, LA, in the late 1950s allowed Louisiana sugarcane breeders, once again, to cross with the wild germplasm of cultivated sugarcane, Sacharum spontaneum. ‘LCP 85-384’ was the first success story from this effort and was quickly adopted by growers. It became clear that the cultivar would prove to be substantially impactful to the Louisiana sugar industry. Performing at unprecedented yields in ratoon crops, LCP 85-384 changed how Louisiana growers would manage their crops. The variety proved to possess traits that fared well in the subtropical production zones of the state. Substantial stalk populations seemed to play a vital role in the necessary ratoon ability and consequent cold tolerance necessary for production in Louisiana. After significant disease pressure, the variety quickly declined in production acreage, but not in impact. It continued to provide sustained progress as a parent for years, contributing to most modern commercial cultivars in Louisiana. Today, LCP 85-384 and its progeny are used in breeding and genetic research to usher in the next era of progress in the Louisiana sugar industry. Meanwhile, through cooperative efforts of breeding programs around the world, it is making its mark on the sugarcane industries of Argentina in much the same way as it did in Louisiana. In the future, it is expected that the progress made in the breeding program will continue by building upon the gains achieved from LCP 85-384 and its progeny for the sustained success of the Louisiana sugarcane industry.

There is a demand for soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars with more functional soybean oil for food and industrial applications. Soybean breeding programs have devoted more efforts to developing high-yielding soybean cultivars with elevated oil content and improved fatty acid profiles. The University of Missouri – Fisher Delta Research, Extension, and Education Center soybean breeding program has developed and released the high-oleic soybean cultivar ‘S16-16814R’ (Reg. no. CV-561, PI 704911). It is a maturity group 4-late (relative maturity 4.9), glyphosate-tolerant (Roundup Ready 1) soybean cultivar with high oleic (84.0%) acid content and a reduced linolenic (3.5%) acid content. S16-16814R is resistant to multiple nematode species, including soybean cyst nematode races 2 (HG Type 1.2.5.7), 3 (HG Type 5.7), and 5 (HG Type 2.5.7); southern root-knot nematode; and reniform nematode. S16-16814R was evaluated from 2017 to 2020 in 61 environments across eight southern US states. It averaged 92% of the check mean for yield, indicating competitive yield performance across multiple environments.

Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Mill.] breeding lines (BL) IIPG-7 (Reg. no. GP-326, PI 704909) and IIPG-11 (Reg. no. GP-327, PI 704910) were developed at the University of Puerto Rico. Both BL were bred to have indeterminate flowering habit and photoperiod insensitivity. The agronomic performance of IIPG-7, IIPG-11, and checks was tested during different growing seasons in Isabela and Lajas, Puerto Rico. IIPG-7 and IIPG-11 were early maturing and initiated flowering at 73–84 days after planting (DAP), reaching harvest maturity at 121–127 DAP. This was in comparison to indeterminate cultivars ‘Ariel’, ‘Blanco Yauco’, ‘Kaki’, ‘Pinto Berrocales’, and ‘Super Pinto’, which initiated flowering at 91–102 DAP, reaching maturity at 138–148 DAP in short-day conditions that occurred in October in both locations. These cultivars had seed yield values of over 1000 kg ha⁻¹, whereas IIPG-7 and IIPG-11 produced 721–1010 kg ha⁻¹. In contrast, IIPG-7 and IIPG-11 were the only indeterminate genotypes that initiated flowering at 42–88 DAP and reached maturity at 88–172 DAP under long-day conditions (February, March, and May) in both locations. Seed yields of IIPG-7 and IIPG-11 varied from 626 to 2449 kg ha⁻¹ in Isabela and were close to 2000 kg ha⁻¹ in Lajas. IIPG-7 has tan seed with reddish spots; IIPG-11 has reddish seed with an average weight of 14 and 15 g per 100 seeds, respectively. The IIPG-7 and IIPG-11 BL can be used directly by growers or breeders to develop pigeonpea cultivars that can be planted year-round.

‘Georgia-23RKN’ (Reg. no. CV-158, PI 704578) is a new high-yielding, normal-oleic, Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV)- and root-knot nematode (RKN) [Meloidogyne arenaria (Neal) Chitwood race 1]-resistant, medium-large seeded, runner-type peanut (Arachis hypogaea L. subsp. hypogaea var. hypogaea) cultivar that was released by the Georgia Agricultural Experiment Station in 2023. It was developed at the University of Georgia, Tifton Campus. Georgia-23RKN originated from a cross made between ‘Tifguard’ × ‘Georgia Green’. Tifguard is a normal-oleic, TSWV- and RKN-resistant runner-type peanut cultivar that was developed from a cross between ‘C-99R’ and ‘COAN’. Georgia Green is a normal-oleic, TSWV-resistant runner-type cultivar that was developed from a cross between ‘Southern Runner’ and ‘Sunbelt Runner’. Pedigree selection was practiced within the early segregating generations. Performance testing began in the F_4:6 generation with the advanced pure-line selection, GA 122544, the experimental designation of Georgia-23RKN. During the past 3 years (2015–2017) and averaged over 29 multiple location tests without nematode pressure in Georgia, Georgia-23RKN had significantly less TSWV and total disease incidence compared to Tifguard. Georgia-23RKN was also found to have a larger runner seed size than the smaller runner-type check cultivar, Georgia-14N. Georgia-23RKN combines high-yield and TSWV- and RKN-resistance with medium-large seed size and the normal-oleic trait preferred by large peanut butter manufacturers in the United States.