The biblical Song of Songs has undergone numerous translations into Spanish and Judeo-Spanish (Ladino) since the Middle Ages. While some translations exclusively feature the original biblical text, others also incorporate translations of the Aramaic interpretations found in Midrash Shir Hashirim. A comparison of these translations highlights a distinction in orthography between medieval and post-medieval renditions. The former are exclusively rendered in Latin letters, whereas the latter are presented in either Hebrew or Latin script. Medieval, and pre-17th century Ladino translations, encompass solely the biblical renderings, whereas post-medieval translations, dating from the 17th century onwards, encompass the translations of both the biblical text and the Aramaic interpretations. This paper specifically examines and contrasts the first three verses of the initial chapter, analyzing translations from three medieval sources and six post-medieval sources. The observed variations in these translations can be attributed to factors such as orthographic conventions, chronological influences, and the geographical locations of publication. Through these comparative analyses, it becomes evident that Ladino translations of biblical texts tend to adhere more closely to the original Hebrew source and maintain a stricter fidelity to established norms when compared to translations of the Aramaic texts.
{"title":"Spanish and Ladino Versions of The Song of Songs","authors":"O. Schwarzwald","doi":"10.46661/meldar.8435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46661/meldar.8435","url":null,"abstract":"The biblical Song of Songs has undergone numerous translations into Spanish and Judeo-Spanish (Ladino) since the Middle Ages. While some translations exclusively feature the original biblical text, others also incorporate translations of the Aramaic interpretations found in Midrash Shir Hashirim. A comparison of these translations highlights a distinction in orthography between medieval and post-medieval renditions. The former are exclusively rendered in Latin letters, whereas the latter are presented in either Hebrew or Latin script. Medieval, and pre-17th century Ladino translations, encompass solely the biblical renderings, whereas post-medieval translations, dating from the 17th century onwards, encompass the translations of both the biblical text and the Aramaic interpretations. This paper specifically examines and contrasts the first three verses of the initial chapter, analyzing translations from three medieval sources and six post-medieval sources. The observed variations in these translations can be attributed to factors such as orthographic conventions, chronological influences, and the geographical locations of publication. Through these comparative analyses, it becomes evident that Ladino translations of biblical texts tend to adhere more closely to the original Hebrew source and maintain a stricter fidelity to established norms when compared to translations of the Aramaic texts.","PeriodicalId":168268,"journal":{"name":"Meldar: Revista internacional de estudios sefardíes","volume":"58 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138997337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article presents results from interviews with ten teachers engaged in Ladino (Judaeo-Spanish) revitalisation. The purpose of the study is to collect Ladino teachers’ experiences to understand the challenges they face and the needs they express to continue their activities. Challenges were related to students’ linguistic backgrounds, students’ and teachers’ confidence about expressing themselves in Ladino, and to views on language normativity. The teachers expressed needs concerning finding stable teacher positions, about creating a Ladino proficiency test and certificate, developing resources for language teaching, and updating Ladino’s vocabulary to reflect contemporary life. Creating venues for learners to use the language, and opportunities for Ladino teachers to meet and discuss pedagogical issues were seen as important. The teachers’ views differed considerably regarding questions on language norms, and an official language proficiency certificate. The results point to the need for further discussions, and for teacher development initiatives.
{"title":"Challenges and needs in Ladino teaching among ten language revitalisation activists","authors":"Kenth Fredholm","doi":"10.46661/meldar.8525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46661/meldar.8525","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents results from interviews with ten teachers engaged in Ladino (Judaeo-Spanish) revitalisation. The purpose of the study is to collect Ladino teachers’ experiences to understand the challenges they face and the needs they express to continue their activities. \u0000Challenges were related to students’ linguistic backgrounds, students’ and teachers’ confidence about expressing themselves in Ladino, and to views on language normativity. The teachers expressed needs concerning finding stable teacher positions, about creating a Ladino proficiency test and certificate, developing resources for language teaching, and updating Ladino’s vocabulary to reflect contemporary life. Creating venues for learners to use the language, and opportunities for Ladino teachers to meet and discuss pedagogical issues were seen as important. \u0000The teachers’ views differed considerably regarding questions on language norms, and an official language proficiency certificate. The results point to the need for further discussions, and for teacher development initiatives.","PeriodicalId":168268,"journal":{"name":"Meldar: Revista internacional de estudios sefardíes","volume":"172 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138998359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kula 930 is a play written, produced, directed, and performed exclusively by members of the Istanbul Jewish community. It was first staged in 1978 and is considered to be the first play in Türkiye since 1947 that was predominantly performed in Ladino (Judeo-Spanish). This study examines the reasons behind the success of the play, from its first rendition in 1978 to its fourth rendition in 2017. The paper analyses the circumstances and the meaning of the play’s language and its characteristics while highlighting the evolution of the play within the socio-historical context of Jews in Türkiye.
{"title":"Longing for a Lost Past","authors":"Rivka Bihar","doi":"10.46661/meldar.8331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46661/meldar.8331","url":null,"abstract":"Kula 930 is a play written, produced, directed, and performed exclusively by members of the Istanbul Jewish community. It was first staged in 1978 and is considered to be the first play in Türkiye since 1947 that was predominantly performed in Ladino (Judeo-Spanish). This study examines the reasons behind the success of the play, from its first rendition in 1978 to its fourth rendition in 2017. The paper analyses the circumstances and the meaning of the play’s language and its characteristics while highlighting the evolution of the play within the socio-historical context of Jews in Türkiye. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":168268,"journal":{"name":"Meldar: Revista internacional de estudios sefardíes","volume":"61 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138996306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
La literatura sefardí moderna se basa principalmente en traducciones o adaptaciones de las novelas occidentales que se publicaban por entregas, tanto en series coleccionables como en folletines incluidos en algún periódico o, a veces, incluso como ediciones independientes. Entre estas obras encontramos las versiones sefardíes de una de las más célebres novelas de la literatura inglesa, esto es, de Robinson Crusoe, de Daniel Defoe. En la presente contribución se examinan las cuatro adaptaciones judeoespañolas publicadas entre finales del siglo XIX y principios del XX, haciendo hincapié en la judaización de la trama e indicando los fragmentos que reflejan la actitud didáctico-moralista de sus autores, Rafael Yitshak Benveniste y Ben Tsiyón Taragán.
{"title":"lokura atada en el korasón del moso. Acerca de la actitud didáctico-moralista de los autores sefardíes de Robinson Crusoe.","authors":"M. Kacprzak","doi":"10.46661/meldar.7543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46661/meldar.7543","url":null,"abstract":"La literatura sefardí moderna se basa principalmente en traducciones o adaptaciones de las novelas occidentales que se publicaban por entregas, tanto en series coleccionables como en folletines incluidos en algún periódico o, a veces, incluso como ediciones independientes. Entre estas obras encontramos las versiones sefardíes de una de las más célebres novelas de la literatura inglesa, esto es, de Robinson Crusoe, de Daniel Defoe. En la presente contribución se examinan las cuatro adaptaciones judeoespañolas publicadas entre finales del siglo XIX y principios del XX, haciendo hincapié en la judaización de la trama e indicando los fragmentos que reflejan la actitud didáctico-moralista de sus autores, Rafael Yitshak Benveniste y Ben Tsiyón Taragán.","PeriodicalId":168268,"journal":{"name":"Meldar: Revista internacional de estudios sefardíes","volume":"40 164","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138998942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Díaz-Mas, Paloma (2023). Breve historia de los judíos en España.","authors":"Ricardo Muñoz Solla","doi":"10.46661/meldar.9466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46661/meldar.9466","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":168268,"journal":{"name":"Meldar: Revista internacional de estudios sefardíes","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138997353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
La comunidad sefardí de Venecia dejó rastros en la cultura, la literatura y las tradiciones del pueblo judío de la Laguna. Esta herencia se encuentra también en el Antiguo Cementerio Judío del Lido: las lápidas sefardíes destacan no solo por su estilo arquitectónico, sino también por la escritura sefardí, los epitafios bilingües y los escudos de armas grabados sobre la piedra. Los sefardíes, que representaron un importante recurso en la economía y en el comercio de la ciudad, instituyeron también una cofradía de caridad, cuyo estatuto bilingüe (portugués-italiano) fue publicado en 1712. El estudio de las lápidas y de las fuentes documentales nos permite reconstruir la vida y los acontecimientos de los miembros de la comunidad y también comprender aspectos importantes de la cultura literaria, artística y lingüística de los judíos sefardíes en la diáspora.
{"title":"«Nation Ponentina» de Venecia. Rastros de la presencia de la comunidad sefardí en el Antiguo Cementerio Judío del Lido","authors":"Sofia Locatelli","doi":"10.46661/meldar.8461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46661/meldar.8461","url":null,"abstract":"La comunidad sefardí de Venecia dejó rastros en la cultura, la literatura y las tradiciones del pueblo judío de la Laguna. Esta herencia se encuentra también en el Antiguo Cementerio Judío del Lido: las lápidas sefardíes destacan no solo por su estilo arquitectónico, sino también por la escritura sefardí, los epitafios bilingües y los escudos de armas grabados sobre la piedra. Los sefardíes, que representaron un importante recurso en la economía y en el comercio de la ciudad, instituyeron también una cofradía de caridad, cuyo estatuto bilingüe (portugués-italiano) fue publicado en 1712. El estudio de las lápidas y de las fuentes documentales nos permite reconstruir la vida y los acontecimientos de los miembros de la comunidad y también comprender aspectos importantes de la cultura literaria, artística y lingüística de los judíos sefardíes en la diáspora.","PeriodicalId":168268,"journal":{"name":"Meldar: Revista internacional de estudios sefardíes","volume":"92 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138999442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Antes y después de la llegada de los judíos sefardíes a los territorios otomanos, en la ciudad de Ankara existió una comunidad judía. El analizar el cómo, dónde y cuándo de la existencia de los judíos de Ankara es el objetivo de este trabajo. Cómo su historia fluctuó en función de las circunstancias políticas, económicas y sociales. Dónde vivieron estos israelitas. Cuándo se establecieron y hasta cuándo. Partiendo de la hipótesis de que fueron las circunstancias políticas la que determinaron la evolución de esta comunidad se elabora esta aproximación a la historia de los judíos de Ankara. Este artículo es el resultado de recabar y examinar cuanto se ha investigado y publicado sobre esta comunidad hasta la fecha.
{"title":"comunidad sefardí de Ankara: historia de un adiós","authors":"María José Cano Pérez","doi":"10.46661/meldar.7129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46661/meldar.7129","url":null,"abstract":"Antes y después de la llegada de los judíos sefardíes a los territorios otomanos, en la ciudad de Ankara existió una comunidad judía. El analizar el cómo, dónde y cuándo de la existencia de los judíos de Ankara es el objetivo de este trabajo. Cómo su historia fluctuó en función de las circunstancias políticas, económicas y sociales. Dónde vivieron estos israelitas. Cuándo se establecieron y hasta cuándo. Partiendo de la hipótesis de que fueron las circunstancias políticas la que determinaron la evolución de esta comunidad se elabora esta aproximación a la historia de los judíos de Ankara. Este artículo es el resultado de recabar y examinar cuanto se ha investigado y publicado sobre esta comunidad hasta la fecha.","PeriodicalId":168268,"journal":{"name":"Meldar: Revista internacional de estudios sefardíes","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124016061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cohen, Dov. (2021). Thesaurus of The Ladino Book 1490-1960: An Annotated Bibliography.","authors":"Susy Gruss","doi":"10.46661/meldar.7589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46661/meldar.7589","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":168268,"journal":{"name":"Meldar: Revista internacional de estudios sefardíes","volume":"125 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131709901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study of the literary production in Judeo-Spanish published in Constantinople in the 19th century has drawn the attention of historians and linguists interested Sephardic research in the last decade (García Moreno, 2013; 2018; 2019). However, previous research had not delved into the analysis of the authorship of all the previously assigned works to the Protestant missionary from the Free Church Scotland, namely, Alexander Thomson (1820-1899). After summarizing the historical and biographical context of this author, this article sheds light into Thomson’s different writing periods, thus detailing the numerous translations and retranslations (from English into Judeo-Spanish) and originally written works ascribed to him in each of these periods and known up to the present time.
{"title":"Translations (from English into Judeo-Spanish), retranslations and original works by the Scottish missionary Alexander Thomson (1820-1899)","authors":"Daniel Martín González","doi":"10.46661/meldar.6346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46661/meldar.6346","url":null,"abstract":"The study of the literary production in Judeo-Spanish published in Constantinople in the 19th century has drawn the attention of historians and linguists interested Sephardic research in the last decade (García Moreno, 2013; 2018; 2019). However, previous research had not delved into the analysis of the authorship of all the previously assigned works to the Protestant missionary from the Free Church Scotland, namely, Alexander Thomson (1820-1899). After summarizing the historical and biographical context of this author, this article sheds light into Thomson’s different writing periods, thus detailing the numerous translations and retranslations (from English into Judeo-Spanish) and originally written works ascribed to him in each of these periods and known up to the present time.","PeriodicalId":168268,"journal":{"name":"Meldar: Revista internacional de estudios sefardíes","volume":"28 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132360643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Muñoz Solla, Ricardo. (2021). Menéndez Pidal, Abraham Yahuda y la política de la Real Academia Española hacia el hispanismo judío y la lengua sefardí.","authors":"Tania María García Arévalo","doi":"10.46661/meldar.7700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46661/meldar.7700","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>Reseña</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":168268,"journal":{"name":"Meldar: Revista internacional de estudios sefardíes","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124096549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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