Pub Date : 2026-03-05DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2026.02.029
Xin Shu, Zelin Ye, Edward Chin Man Lo, Katherine Chiu Man Leung
Statement of problem: Clinical studies of the effects of denture adhesive (DA) on removable partial denture (RPD) wearers are scarce.
Purpose: The purpose of this clinic trial was to assess the effects of DA on the masticatory function of RPD wearers and to explore the effects of DA on masticatory performance.
Material and methods: RPD wearers with extensive tooth loss were instructed to use a cream-type adhesive daily. Maximum occlusal force (MOF) and masticatory performance (MP) were measured at baseline and at 1 week and 12 weeks after intervention. Conditions of the oral, dental, denture, and denture-bearing tissues were recorded. Related-samples Friedman test and pairwise comparisons were performed to compare changes in MP and MOF over time. Univariate analysis was performed to explore factors associated with changes in MP.
Results: One hundred and five RPD wearers were recruited, and 83 completed the study. After DA use, most RPD wearers showed an immediate improvement in denture retention (98.4%) and stability (90.2%). The MOF and MP improved over time (P<.001). The heat map showed that over half of the participants experienced improved MP, particularly those who had poorer MP at baseline. Univariate nonparametric analysis indicated that individuals with problematic dentures and those with metal-based dentures experienced greater benefits from using DA.
Conclusions: DA can enhance the retention and stability of RPDs for wearers with extensive tooth loss, thereby improving masticatory function in these individuals.
{"title":"Objective assessment of denture adhesive effects on masticatory function in removable partial denture wearers.","authors":"Xin Shu, Zelin Ye, Edward Chin Man Lo, Katherine Chiu Man Leung","doi":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2026.02.029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2026.02.029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Statement of problem: </strong>Clinical studies of the effects of denture adhesive (DA) on removable partial denture (RPD) wearers are scarce.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this clinic trial was to assess the effects of DA on the masticatory function of RPD wearers and to explore the effects of DA on masticatory performance.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>RPD wearers with extensive tooth loss were instructed to use a cream-type adhesive daily. Maximum occlusal force (MOF) and masticatory performance (MP) were measured at baseline and at 1 week and 12 weeks after intervention. Conditions of the oral, dental, denture, and denture-bearing tissues were recorded. Related-samples Friedman test and pairwise comparisons were performed to compare changes in MP and MOF over time. Univariate analysis was performed to explore factors associated with changes in MP.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One hundred and five RPD wearers were recruited, and 83 completed the study. After DA use, most RPD wearers showed an immediate improvement in denture retention (98.4%) and stability (90.2%). The MOF and MP improved over time (P<.001). The heat map showed that over half of the participants experienced improved MP, particularly those who had poorer MP at baseline. Univariate nonparametric analysis indicated that individuals with problematic dentures and those with metal-based dentures experienced greater benefits from using DA.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>DA can enhance the retention and stability of RPDs for wearers with extensive tooth loss, thereby improving masticatory function in these individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":16866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147369563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-05DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2026.02.025
Pedro Luis Tinedo-Lopez, Violeta Malpartida-Carrillo, Silvia Amaya-Pajares, He Liu, Mutlu Özcan, Cassiano Kuchenbecker Rösing
Statement of problem: Accurate assessment of the gingival phenotype (GP) is essential for achieving predictable esthetic integration and functional success. However, inconsistencies persist in the methods and variables used to establish gingival landmarks and cutoff values for GP determination.
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to perform a comprehensive review of the gingival landmarks, cutoff values, and related variables used in determining gingival phenotypes (GPs), with particular attention to the reported area under the curve (AUC) values.
Material and methods: A scoping review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Searches were performed in the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase databases up to June 2025. Inclusion criteria comprised observational cross-sectional studies comparing periodontal probe visibility (PPV) with transgingival probing (TGP), an ultrasound device (USD), soft tissue cone beam computed tomography (ST-CBCT), or other methods that report AUC values.
Results: Nine articles met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed based on the cutoff values of gingival thickness (GT) or related variables for GP determination. Seven studies reported the cutoff values obtained after the protocol execution; among these, 5 differentiated between thin and thick categories using standard periodontal probes, and 2 categorized thin, medium, thick, and very thick phenotypes using color-coded probes. These studies assessed one or more gingival landmarks. Only 2 studies reported preselected cutoff values.
Conclusions: The cutoff values for GP determination can be classified into those obtained after the protocol execution and those preselected before study initiation. The most used gingival landmark was 2 mm apical to the mid-facial gingival margin for both thin and thick categories. The identified studies examined the gingival thickness, gingival angle, papilla width, papilla height, probing depth, keratinized tissue width, and crown width/crown length ratio, as variables of interest in the GP determination.
问题陈述：准确评估牙龈表型（GP）对于实现可预测的美学整合和功能成功至关重要。然而，用于建立牙龈标志和GP测定临界值的方法和变量仍然存在不一致性。目的：本研究的目的是对用于确定牙龈表型（GPs）的牙龈标志、截止值和相关变量进行全面回顾，特别注意报告的曲线下面积（AUC）值。材料和方法：根据PRISMA-ScR指南进行范围审查。到2025年6月，在PubMed、Web of Science、Scopus和Embase数据库中进行了搜索。纳入标准包括观察性横断面研究，比较牙周探头可见度（PPV）与经龈探查（TGP）、超声设备（USD）、软组织锥束计算机断层扫描（ST-CBCT）或其他报告AUC值的方法。结果：9篇文章符合纳入标准，根据牙龈厚度（GT）或相关变量的截止值进行分析。7项研究报告了方案执行后获得的截止值；其中，5项研究使用标准牙周探针区分薄型和厚型，2项研究使用颜色标记探针对薄型、中型、厚型和非常厚型进行分类。这些研究评估了一个或多个牙龈标志。只有2项研究报告了预先选择的临界值。结论：GP测定的截止值可分为方案执行后获得的截止值和研究开始前预选的截止值。无论是薄类还是厚类，使用最多的龈标都是龈尖至面中龈缘2 mm。确定的研究检查了牙龈厚度，牙龈角度，乳头宽度，乳头高度，探测深度，角化组织宽度和冠宽/冠长比，作为GP确定的感兴趣的变量。
{"title":"Gingival landmarks, cutoff values, and related variables for determining gingival phenotypes: A scoping review.","authors":"Pedro Luis Tinedo-Lopez, Violeta Malpartida-Carrillo, Silvia Amaya-Pajares, He Liu, Mutlu Özcan, Cassiano Kuchenbecker Rösing","doi":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2026.02.025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2026.02.025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Statement of problem: </strong>Accurate assessment of the gingival phenotype (GP) is essential for achieving predictable esthetic integration and functional success. However, inconsistencies persist in the methods and variables used to establish gingival landmarks and cutoff values for GP determination.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this study was to perform a comprehensive review of the gingival landmarks, cutoff values, and related variables used in determining gingival phenotypes (GPs), with particular attention to the reported area under the curve (AUC) values.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A scoping review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Searches were performed in the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase databases up to June 2025. Inclusion criteria comprised observational cross-sectional studies comparing periodontal probe visibility (PPV) with transgingival probing (TGP), an ultrasound device (USD), soft tissue cone beam computed tomography (ST-CBCT), or other methods that report AUC values.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nine articles met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed based on the cutoff values of gingival thickness (GT) or related variables for GP determination. Seven studies reported the cutoff values obtained after the protocol execution; among these, 5 differentiated between thin and thick categories using standard periodontal probes, and 2 categorized thin, medium, thick, and very thick phenotypes using color-coded probes. These studies assessed one or more gingival landmarks. Only 2 studies reported preselected cutoff values.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The cutoff values for GP determination can be classified into those obtained after the protocol execution and those preselected before study initiation. The most used gingival landmark was 2 mm apical to the mid-facial gingival margin for both thin and thick categories. The identified studies examined the gingival thickness, gingival angle, papilla width, papilla height, probing depth, keratinized tissue width, and crown width/crown length ratio, as variables of interest in the GP determination.</p>","PeriodicalId":16866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147369592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-03DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2026.02.003
Vinay Sivaswamy, Arief Cahyanto, Sudhir Rama Varma, Jukka P Matinlinna
Statement of problem: Complete dentures can be fabricated using subtractive (milling) or additive (3-dimensional [3D] printing) technologies. Clinically, both methods offer a reduction in the treatment duration and number of appointments required for denture fabrication. However, 3D printing is more economical because of the lower cost of equipment and fabrication. Both methods have been termed digitally fabricated dentures and evaluated against conventional dentures in a cumulative manner. Systematic reviews investigating the clinical effectiveness of 3D printed complete dentures (3DPs) against conventional (CCDs) and milled dentures (MDs) are lacking.
Purpose: The aim of this systematic review was to determine whether differences existed in the clinical outcomes of 3DPs when compared with CCDs and MDs.
Material and methods: This systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol and was registered in the International prospective register for systematic reviews (CRD420251132425). The review was formulated to answer the research question: "Is there a difference in the clinical outcomes of 3D printed complete dentures when compared with conventional and milled dentures?". An electronic search was carried out independently in the PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane databases by 2 authors by April 2025. The clinical outcomes evaluated in this review included denture base retention, patient satisfaction, oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL), masticatory force, and clinician satisfaction. Quantitative analysis was performed using a software program (RevMan 5.4.1; Cochrane group), and continuous outcomes were evaluated with standardized mean difference using the inverse variance method. Risk of bias was assessed for the included studies using the ROB2.0 tool for randomized trials and ROBINS-I tool for nonrandomized trials. The certainty of evidence was evaluated using the grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation (GRADE) tool.
Results: A total of 460 articles were identified by the search strategy, 12 of which were included in this review. Data related to the outcomes of denture base retention, patient satisfaction, OHRQoL, masticatory force, and clinician satisfaction were retrieved from the included studies. CCDs displayed better denture retention when compared with 3DPs (P=.04). No significant differences in any other clinical outcomes were found between 3DPs and CCDs or MDs (P>.05).
Conclusions: 3DPs demonstrated similar clinical outcomes to CCDs and MDs, except in denture retention, where CCDs were found to be more retentive.
{"title":"Clinical outcomes of 3D printed complete dentures: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Vinay Sivaswamy, Arief Cahyanto, Sudhir Rama Varma, Jukka P Matinlinna","doi":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2026.02.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2026.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Statement of problem: </strong>Complete dentures can be fabricated using subtractive (milling) or additive (3-dimensional [3D] printing) technologies. Clinically, both methods offer a reduction in the treatment duration and number of appointments required for denture fabrication. However, 3D printing is more economical because of the lower cost of equipment and fabrication. Both methods have been termed digitally fabricated dentures and evaluated against conventional dentures in a cumulative manner. Systematic reviews investigating the clinical effectiveness of 3D printed complete dentures (3DPs) against conventional (CCDs) and milled dentures (MDs) are lacking.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The aim of this systematic review was to determine whether differences existed in the clinical outcomes of 3DPs when compared with CCDs and MDs.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol and was registered in the International prospective register for systematic reviews (CRD420251132425). The review was formulated to answer the research question: \"Is there a difference in the clinical outcomes of 3D printed complete dentures when compared with conventional and milled dentures?\". An electronic search was carried out independently in the PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane databases by 2 authors by April 2025. The clinical outcomes evaluated in this review included denture base retention, patient satisfaction, oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL), masticatory force, and clinician satisfaction. Quantitative analysis was performed using a software program (RevMan 5.4.1; Cochrane group), and continuous outcomes were evaluated with standardized mean difference using the inverse variance method. Risk of bias was assessed for the included studies using the ROB2.0 tool for randomized trials and ROBINS-I tool for nonrandomized trials. The certainty of evidence was evaluated using the grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation (GRADE) tool.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 460 articles were identified by the search strategy, 12 of which were included in this review. Data related to the outcomes of denture base retention, patient satisfaction, OHRQoL, masticatory force, and clinician satisfaction were retrieved from the included studies. CCDs displayed better denture retention when compared with 3DPs (P=.04). No significant differences in any other clinical outcomes were found between 3DPs and CCDs or MDs (P>.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>3DPs demonstrated similar clinical outcomes to CCDs and MDs, except in denture retention, where CCDs were found to be more retentive.</p>","PeriodicalId":16866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147355432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-03DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2026.02.027
Zulekha Patel, Sivaranjani Gali
{"title":"Response to Letter to the Editor regarding, \"Sleeve-free detachable handpiece-guided dental implant device for improved visibility and irrigation: A dental technique\".","authors":"Zulekha Patel, Sivaranjani Gali","doi":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2026.02.027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2026.02.027","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147355060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Numerous anthropometric methods have been researched regarding their correlation with the standard method of recording vertical dimension of occlusion. Among these, the most closely correlated method is unknown.
Purpose
The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to analyze different anthropometric methods with the conventional method of recording vertical dimension of occlusion and to suggest an anthropometric method closely correlated with the standard method.
Material and methods
An electronic systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Embase and in other sources using a formulated search strategy. Articles were screened using inclusion criteria with population: edentulous or dentulous individuals (having 28 fully erupted periodontally sound natural teeth) with Angle Class I occlusion; intervention: anthropometric methods of recording vertical dimension; comparison: standard method of recording vertical dimension; outcome: correlation of vertical dimension determined by anthropometric method and standard method; and study type: cross-sectional observational studies. Meta-analysis was performed to correlate different anthropometric measurements with vertical dimension of occlusion. The data were pooled using both the common effects and random effects model, and heterogeneity was determined using the I2 test. Subgroup analysis was performed to estimate correlation based on sex. Risk of bias assessment was done using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2) tool.
Results
Thirteen cross-sectional observational studies with a total of 3275 participants (1618 men and 1657 women) and using 11 different anthropometric methods were included. Overall, the thumb length showed the strongest correlation (common effects: 0.63, random effects: 0.57, heterogeneity: 99%). In men, the distance between the distal outer canthus and rima oris (common effects: 0.57, random effects: 0.58, heterogeneity: 86%) and, in women, the little finger length (common effects: 0.46, random effects: 0.46, heterogeneity: 94%) showed the strongest correlation. High risk was observed in domains related to patient selection and the index test in most studies.
Conclusions
Overall, the anthropometric methods showed a high correlation with the standard method of recording anthropometric methods and can be used as a method of recording the vertical dimension of occlusion. The thumb length showed the strongest correlation, making it potentially the most accurate predictor of vertical dimension of occlusion. However, overall high heterogeneity was observed across studies.
{"title":"Correlation of anthropometric methods with standard method of recording the vertical dimension of occlusion: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Naman Goyal BDS , Pragati Kaurani MDS , Ayushi Goyal BDS , Shweta Mangal MD , Vineetha Karuveettil MDS , Georg Gutjahr PhD , Chandrashekar Janakiram PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.04.029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.04.029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Statement of problem</h3><div>Numerous anthropometric<span> methods have been researched regarding their correlation with the standard method of recording vertical dimension of occlusion. Among these, the most closely correlated method is unknown.</span></div></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to analyze different anthropometric methods with the conventional method of recording vertical dimension of occlusion and to suggest an anthropometric method closely correlated with the standard method.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div><span>An electronic systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Embase and in other sources using a formulated search strategy. Articles were screened using inclusion criteria with population: edentulous or dentulous individuals (having 28 fully erupted periodontally sound natural teeth) with Angle Class I occlusion; intervention: anthropometric methods of recording vertical dimension; comparison: standard method of recording vertical dimension; outcome: correlation of vertical dimension determined by anthropometric method and standard method; and study type: cross-sectional observational studies<span>. Meta-analysis was performed to correlate different anthropometric measurements with vertical dimension of occlusion. The data were pooled using both the common effects and random effects model, and heterogeneity was determined using the I</span></span><sup>2</sup> test. Subgroup analysis was performed to estimate correlation based on sex. Risk of bias assessment was done using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2) tool.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Thirteen cross-sectional observational studies with a total of 3275 participants (1618 men and 1657 women) and using 11 different anthropometric methods were included. Overall, the thumb length showed the strongest correlation (common effects: 0.63, random effects: 0.57, heterogeneity: 99%). In men, the distance between the distal outer canthus and rima oris (common effects: 0.57, random effects: 0.58, heterogeneity: 86%) and, in women, the little finger length (common effects: 0.46, random effects: 0.46, heterogeneity: 94%) showed the strongest correlation. High risk was observed in domains related to patient selection and the index test in most studies.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Overall, the anthropometric methods showed a high correlation with the standard method of recording anthropometric methods and can be used as a method of recording the vertical dimension of occlusion. The thumb length showed the strongest correlation, making it potentially the most accurate predictor of vertical dimension of occlusion. However, overall high heterogeneity was observed across studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry","volume":"135 3","pages":"Pages 528-538"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144132586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Research on the mechanical performance, particularly the fracture resistance, of recently introduced glass-composite and hybrid ceramic resin materials used with additive manufacturing (AM) and subtractive manufacturing (SM) techniques, and indicated for definitive restorations, remains limited.
Purpose
The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate and compare the fracture resistance of AM or SM crowns in different resin-based materials through fatigue cyclic loading and load-to-fracture testing.
Material and methods
A standardized maxillary molar preparation was used to fabricate a zirconia master die, which was then scanned and reproduced in resin using a digital light processing (DLP) 3-dimensional (3D) printer. Two resins for AM (Pro Resins Crown X and Flexcera Smile Ultra+) and 2 resins for SM (Shofu HC and Brilliant Crios), all containing inorganic fillers (glass or ceramic), were used to fabricate identical computer-aided design (CAD) crowns (n=15). These crowns were then cemented using a standard protocol. Specimens underwent fatigue cyclic loading via 1.2 million cycles at 49 N, followed by the load-to-fracture test using a universal testing machine. Statistical analysis included 1-way ANOVA and the Tukey post hoc test (α=.05).
Results
All crowns withstood cyclic loading. A statistically significant difference in fracture load was observed across different crowns manufactured by using different resin-manufacturing technology pairs (P<.001). SM-S group exhibited the lowest fracture resistance (2184 ±660.2 N), whereas the other 3 groups exceeded 2500 N, with no significant differences among them (P>.05).
Conclusions
AM crowns demonstrated fracture resistance comparable to SM crowns during and after fatigue cyclic loading and load-to-fracture tests. All crowns showed fracture resistance loads higher than previously reported clinically acceptable load values, supporting their potential for clinical use.
{"title":"The effect of crown material type on the fracture strength of CAD-CAM fabricated crowns","authors":"Ahmet Orgev DDS, MSc, MSD, PhD , Gulce Cakmak DDS, PhD , Vinicius Marques DDS, MSc, PhD , Burak Yilmaz DDS, PhD , Rui Li DDS, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.10.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.10.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Statement of problem</h3><div>Research on the mechanical performance, particularly the fracture resistance, of recently introduced glass-composite and hybrid ceramic resin materials used with additive manufacturing (AM) and subtractive manufacturing (SM) techniques, and indicated for definitive restorations, remains limited.</div></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate and compare the fracture resistance of AM or SM crowns in different resin-based materials through fatigue cyclic loading and load-to-fracture testing.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>A standardized maxillary molar preparation was used to fabricate a zirconia master die, which was then scanned and reproduced in resin using a digital light processing (DLP) 3-dimensional (3D) printer. Two resins for AM (Pro Resins Crown X and Flexcera Smile Ultra+) and 2 resins for SM (Shofu HC and Brilliant Crios), all containing inorganic fillers (glass or ceramic), were used to fabricate identical computer-aided design (CAD) crowns (n=15). These crowns were then cemented using a standard protocol. Specimens underwent fatigue cyclic loading via 1.2 million cycles at 49 N, followed by the load-to-fracture test using a universal testing machine. Statistical analysis included 1-way ANOVA and the Tukey post hoc test (α=.05).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>All crowns withstood cyclic loading. A statistically significant difference in fracture load was observed across different crowns manufactured by using different resin-manufacturing technology pairs (<em>P</em><.001). SM-S group exhibited the lowest fracture resistance (2184 ±660.2 N), whereas the other 3 groups exceeded 2500 N, with no significant differences among them (<em>P</em>>.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>AM crowns demonstrated fracture resistance comparable to SM crowns during and after fatigue cyclic loading and load-to-fracture tests. All crowns showed fracture resistance loads higher than previously reported clinically acceptable load values, supporting their potential for clinical use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry","volume":"135 3","pages":"Pages 578.e1-578.e6"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145390635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2025-10-30DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.09.043
Steven J. Sadowsky DDS
{"title":"Comments regarding: Sheth et al: Development and validation of a risk-of-bias tool for assessing in vitro studies conducted in dentistry: The QUIN","authors":"Steven J. Sadowsky DDS","doi":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.09.043","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.09.043","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry","volume":"135 3","pages":"Pages 645-646"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145422094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2025-11-03DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.10.016
Liman Li DDS , Yiping Wei DDS , Wenjie Hu DDS, PhD, Liping Zhao DDS, Tao Xu BDS
{"title":"Response to Letter to the Editor regarding, “Impact of alveolar ridge preservation on soft tissue contour changes after extraction of a periodontally compromised molar: A prospective controlled clinical trial”","authors":"Liman Li DDS , Yiping Wei DDS , Wenjie Hu DDS, PhD, Liping Zhao DDS, Tao Xu BDS","doi":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.10.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.10.016","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry","volume":"135 3","pages":"Pages 651-652"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145445261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2025-11-10DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.10.043
Gabriela Panca Sabatini Dr med dent, MSc, PhD , Mustafa Borga Donmez DDS, PhD , Pedro Molinero-Mourelle PD, Dr med dent, MAS, PhD , Gülce Çakmak DDS, Dr med dent, PhD , Mehmet Esad Güven DDS, PhD , Ahmet Burçin Batıbay M&ME, PhD , Newton Sesma DDS, MSc, PhD , Burak Yilmaz DDS, PhD
Statement of problem
Additive manufacturing of zirconia is gaining popularity in dentistry; however, knowledge of the influence of build orientation and firing process on its mechanical properties and structural behavior remains limited.
Purpose
The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the effect of firing process and build orientation on the flexural strength (FS) and structural characteristics of additively manufactured 3% mol yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (3Y-TZP) with subtractively manufactured 3Y-TZP and 4Y-TZP.
Material and methods
A total of 192 bar-shaped (17×4×1.5 mm) and 16 disk-shaped (Ø10×1.5 mm) specimens were manufactured either additively with a 3Y-TZP slurry (INNI Cera) or subtractively with presintered 3Y-TZP (IPS e.max ZirCAD LT [SM-LT]) or 4Y-TZP (IPS e.max ZirCAD MT [SM-MT]) zirconia disks. The additively manufactured specimens were categorized based on build orientation (0-degree [AMH], 45-degree [AMD], and 90-degree [AMV]) and firing process (combined [1-step] or separate [2-step] debinding and sintering cycle). All specimens were divided into 2 groups (n=12 for bar-shaped and n=1 for disk-shaped specimens) of aged (thermocycling for 10 000 cycles between 5 °C and 55 °C) and nonaged. Bar-shaped specimens were tested for FS, while disk-shaped specimens were used for structural characterization using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) imaging. The FS data were analyzed with general linear model analysis and Bonferroni-corrected post hoc tests (α=.05).
Results
The interaction between manufacturing protocol and aging condition affected the FS values (P<.001). Among the nonaged specimens, SM-LT led to higher FS than AMD-2 and AMV-1, while AMH-1 led to higher FS than AMV-1 (P≤.007). Among the aged specimens, AMV resulted in the lowest FS, regardless of the firing process (P≤.034). Aging reduced the FS of AMV-2 (P<.001). All subgroups showed a dominant tetragonal phase with a detectable monoclinic peak at 51.2-degree, with AMD exhibiting lower peak intensity than AMH and AMV, and SM-LT showing higher tetragonal peak intensity than SM-MT; aging increased localized crystallinity in all subgroups, as evidenced by higher XRD peak intensities. SEM analysis showed that AM specimens exhibited characteristic delineation and residual pores, whereas SM specimens displayed linear milling marks from burs and a higher concentration of monoclinic-phase crystals.
Conclusions
At 0-degree orientation, the tested 3Y-TZP slurry demonstrated load-bearing capacity comparable with that of subtractively manufactured 3Y-TZP and 4Y-TZP, regardless of the firing process. However, SEM analysis of AM specimens revealed residual pores, and SM specimens showed a higher concentration of monoclinic-phase crystals.
{"title":"Flexural and structural behavior of additively manufactured zirconia: Influence of firing process and build orientation","authors":"Gabriela Panca Sabatini Dr med dent, MSc, PhD , Mustafa Borga Donmez DDS, PhD , Pedro Molinero-Mourelle PD, Dr med dent, MAS, PhD , Gülce Çakmak DDS, Dr med dent, PhD , Mehmet Esad Güven DDS, PhD , Ahmet Burçin Batıbay M&ME, PhD , Newton Sesma DDS, MSc, PhD , Burak Yilmaz DDS, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.10.043","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.10.043","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Statement of problem</h3><div>Additive manufacturing of zirconia is gaining popularity in dentistry; however, knowledge of the influence of build orientation and firing process on its mechanical properties and structural behavior remains limited.</div></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the effect of firing process and build orientation on the flexural strength (FS) and structural characteristics of additively manufactured 3% mol yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (3Y-TZP) with subtractively manufactured 3Y-TZP and 4Y-TZP.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>A total of 192 bar-shaped (17×4×1.5 mm) and 16 disk-shaped (Ø10×1.5 mm) specimens were manufactured either additively with a 3Y-TZP slurry (INNI Cera) or subtractively with presintered 3Y-TZP (IPS e.max ZirCAD LT [SM-LT]) or 4Y-TZP (IPS e.max ZirCAD MT [SM-MT]) zirconia disks. The additively manufactured specimens were categorized based on build orientation (0-degree [AMH], 45-degree [AMD], and 90-degree [AMV]) and firing process (combined [1-step] or separate [2-step] debinding and sintering cycle). All specimens were divided into 2 groups (n=12 for bar-shaped and n=1 for disk-shaped specimens) of aged (thermocycling for 10 000 cycles between 5 °C and 55 °C) and nonaged. Bar-shaped specimens were tested for FS, while disk-shaped specimens were used for structural characterization using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) imaging. The FS data were analyzed with general linear model analysis and Bonferroni-corrected post hoc tests (α=.05).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The interaction between manufacturing protocol and aging condition affected the FS values (<em>P</em><.001). Among the nonaged specimens, SM-LT led to higher FS than AMD-2 and AMV-1, while AMH-1 led to higher FS than AMV-1 (<em>P</em>≤.007). Among the aged specimens, AMV resulted in the lowest FS, regardless of the firing process (<em>P</em>≤.034). Aging reduced the FS of AMV-2 (<em>P</em><.001). All subgroups showed a dominant tetragonal phase with a detectable monoclinic peak at 51.2-degree, with AMD exhibiting lower peak intensity than AMH and AMV, and SM-LT showing higher tetragonal peak intensity than SM-MT; aging increased localized crystallinity in all subgroups, as evidenced by higher XRD peak intensities. SEM analysis showed that AM specimens exhibited characteristic delineation and residual pores, whereas SM specimens displayed linear milling marks from burs and a higher concentration of monoclinic-phase crystals.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>At 0-degree orientation, the tested 3Y-TZP slurry demonstrated load-bearing capacity comparable with that of subtractively manufactured 3Y-TZP and 4Y-TZP, regardless of the firing process. However, SEM analysis of AM specimens revealed residual pores, and SM specimens showed a higher concentration of monoclinic-phase crystals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry","volume":"135 3","pages":"Pages 612.e1-612.e8"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145495750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-12DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.12.010
Hongseok An DDS, MSD
Creating a natural appearance with proper shade matching is critical for achieving successful esthetic outcomes of dental ceramic restorations. Ceramic materials with high translucency are often preferred when restoring teeth with a normal stump shade. However, ceramic materials with increased opacity, such as zirconia, offer significant advantages when restoring discolored teeth. This video presentation describes 4 different ceramic material options that enable clinicians to effectively mask dark stump shades while maintaining the natural appearance of dental ceramic restorations.
{"title":"CAD-CAM ceramic material options for discolored teeth","authors":"Hongseok An DDS, MSD","doi":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.12.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.12.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Creating a natural appearance with proper shade matching is critical for achieving successful esthetic outcomes of dental ceramic restorations. Ceramic materials with high translucency are often preferred when restoring teeth with a normal stump shade. However, ceramic materials with increased opacity, such as zirconia, offer significant advantages when restoring discolored teeth. This video presentation describes 4 different ceramic material options that enable clinicians to effectively mask dark stump shades while maintaining the natural appearance of dental ceramic restorations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry","volume":"135 3","pages":"Pages 435-437"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145966306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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