Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-04-02DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.02.051
Shehab Mohammad Mohamedin, Ahmed Moharam Komiha, Ahmed Ehab Aboelroos, Marina Makram Mosaad, Amal Ali Swelem
Statement of problem: With the advent of digital technologies, a shift has taken place from conventional impressions (CIs) to digital scans (DSs). However, DSs of completely edentulous arches remain challenging.
Purpose: The purpose of this scoping review was to explore the literature aiming to answer the question of whether DSs can entirely replace CIs for complete denture fabrication.
Material and methods: The review followed the recommendations of the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis extension for scoping review statement (PRISMA-ScR). An electronic search was conducted in MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane library. The search strategy used a combination of terms for "completely edentulous arches" and "digital scans." Any study from 2010 to 2024 was considered and included if in English. Those on complete arch implant impressions were excluded. The null hypothesis was that DSs would be equivalent with CIs.
Results: The initial search retrieved 1980 articles. After deleting duplicates and applying the inclusion criteria, 26 articles were included. Nine were clinical cross-over studies, 8 were studies that introduced methods to enhance the accuracy of DSs of edentulous arches, and 9 were in vitro studies that compared the accuracy of DSs made by different scanners. The methods introduced somewhat improved the stitching process. However, the difficulty in acquiring data of the functional morphology of mobile tissues remained a challenge, especially for mandibular arches. Intraoral scanner (IOS)-related factors (such as scanning technology, scanned area, scanned arch, and scan strategy) seemed to affect the accuracy of DSs.
Conclusions: The main challenges in recording edentulous arches digitally included the lack of anatomic indicators, difficulty in capturing vestibular tissues, and IOS-related factors. Currently, reliable evidence that DSs could entirely replace CIs in complete denture wearers is lacking.
{"title":"Can digital scans replace conventional impressions for complete denture fabrication? A scoping review.","authors":"Shehab Mohammad Mohamedin, Ahmed Moharam Komiha, Ahmed Ehab Aboelroos, Marina Makram Mosaad, Amal Ali Swelem","doi":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.02.051","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.02.051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Statement of problem: </strong>With the advent of digital technologies, a shift has taken place from conventional impressions (CIs) to digital scans (DSs). However, DSs of completely edentulous arches remain challenging.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this scoping review was to explore the literature aiming to answer the question of whether DSs can entirely replace CIs for complete denture fabrication.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The review followed the recommendations of the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis extension for scoping review statement (PRISMA-ScR). An electronic search was conducted in MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane library. The search strategy used a combination of terms for \"completely edentulous arches\" and \"digital scans.\" Any study from 2010 to 2024 was considered and included if in English. Those on complete arch implant impressions were excluded. The null hypothesis was that DSs would be equivalent with CIs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The initial search retrieved 1980 articles. After deleting duplicates and applying the inclusion criteria, 26 articles were included. Nine were clinical cross-over studies, 8 were studies that introduced methods to enhance the accuracy of DSs of edentulous arches, and 9 were in vitro studies that compared the accuracy of DSs made by different scanners. The methods introduced somewhat improved the stitching process. However, the difficulty in acquiring data of the functional morphology of mobile tissues remained a challenge, especially for mandibular arches. Intraoral scanner (IOS)-related factors (such as scanning technology, scanned area, scanned arch, and scan strategy) seemed to affect the accuracy of DSs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The main challenges in recording edentulous arches digitally included the lack of anatomic indicators, difficulty in capturing vestibular tissues, and IOS-related factors. Currently, reliable evidence that DSs could entirely replace CIs in complete denture wearers is lacking.</p>","PeriodicalId":16866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":"319-330"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143772532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Statement of problem: Computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) technologies, including additive manufacturing (3-dimensional printing), have been increasingly applied in dentistry. Assessments of the wear resistance and optimized parameters of 3-dimensionally (3D) printed denture teeth are lacking.
Purpose: The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the wear resistance of denture teeth fabricated using stereolithography (SLA) and digital light processing (DLP) at 0-, 45-, and 90-degree build orientations with prefabricated acrylic resin denture teeth.
Material and methods: Rectangular cuboid specimens (n=10 per subgroup) were fabricated using SLA and DLP in 3 build orientations (0-, 45-, and 90-degree). A separate control group of prefabricated acrylic resin teeth, which had no orientation levels, served as an independent comparator. After thermocycling, all specimens underwent 2-body wear testing against zirconia antagonists for 120 000 cycles. Wear depth and volume loss were quantified with a contact profilometer, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used for surface morphology analysis. Statistical analysis of technology and orientations was performed using 2-way ANOVA. For overall comparison including the control, a separate 1-way ANOVA with Tukey post hoc tests (α=.05) was conducted.
Results: No significant interaction between printing technology and orientation was found for wear volume loss (P=.179) or wear depth (P=.494). Printing technology significantly influenced wear depth and volume loss (P<.001); orientation had an effect on volume loss (P=.049) but not on wear depth (P=.611). Post hoc analysis showed DLP groups had lower wear than SLA and control. The control group exhibited intermediate wear resistance. The SEM images showed that DLP surfaces had narrow scratches with occasional cracking, SLA surfaces had smoother wear with shallow plowing, and the control group showed rougher textures with more pronounced cracks.
Conclusions: Printing technology significantly affected wear resistance, with DLP outperforming SLA. Orientation had minimal effect. Filler-containing 3D printed resins may enhance wear resistance.
{"title":"Wear resistance of 3D printed denture teeth: Influence of printing technology and build orientation.","authors":"Thanan Tanthasri, Wissanee Jia-Mahasap, Pimduen Rungsiyakull","doi":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.09.036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.09.036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Statement of problem: </strong>Computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) technologies, including additive manufacturing (3-dimensional printing), have been increasingly applied in dentistry. Assessments of the wear resistance and optimized parameters of 3-dimensionally (3D) printed denture teeth are lacking.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the wear resistance of denture teeth fabricated using stereolithography (SLA) and digital light processing (DLP) at 0-, 45-, and 90-degree build orientations with prefabricated acrylic resin denture teeth.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Rectangular cuboid specimens (n=10 per subgroup) were fabricated using SLA and DLP in 3 build orientations (0-, 45-, and 90-degree). A separate control group of prefabricated acrylic resin teeth, which had no orientation levels, served as an independent comparator. After thermocycling, all specimens underwent 2-body wear testing against zirconia antagonists for 120 000 cycles. Wear depth and volume loss were quantified with a contact profilometer, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used for surface morphology analysis. Statistical analysis of technology and orientations was performed using 2-way ANOVA. For overall comparison including the control, a separate 1-way ANOVA with Tukey post hoc tests (α=.05) was conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant interaction between printing technology and orientation was found for wear volume loss (P=.179) or wear depth (P=.494). Printing technology significantly influenced wear depth and volume loss (P<.001); orientation had an effect on volume loss (P=.049) but not on wear depth (P=.611). Post hoc analysis showed DLP groups had lower wear than SLA and control. The control group exhibited intermediate wear resistance. The SEM images showed that DLP surfaces had narrow scratches with occasional cracking, SLA surfaces had smoother wear with shallow plowing, and the control group showed rougher textures with more pronounced cracks.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Printing technology significantly affected wear resistance, with DLP outperforming SLA. Orientation had minimal effect. Filler-containing 3D printed resins may enhance wear resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":16866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":"391.e1-391.e9"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145280588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-10-13DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.09.031
Zhihao Zhang, Gan Jin, Di Chen, Yifan Ma, Yeon-Woo Yim, Won-Suck Oh, Jong-Eun Kim
<p><strong>Statement of problem: </strong>Whether postwashing treatment with a contaminated ethanol solution adversely affects the biomechanical properties of 3-dimensionally (3D) printed resin restorations is unclear.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The aim of this in vitro study was to determine the impact of postwashing treatment using contaminated ethanol solutions on the mechanical properties, degree of conversion (DC) of resin monomers, biocompatibility, 3D trueness of 3D printed products, and ethanol contamination levels.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Specimens were fabricated from 3D models using 2 resins: NextDent C&B resin (C&B) and NextDent C&B MFH resin (MFH). The specimens were ultrasonically cleaned in an ethanol solution containing unpolymerized resin at various concentrations: 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 30%. Postwashing treatment was conducted at 60 °C for 30 minutes in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations. The following properties and outcomes were evaluated with their respective sample sizes using appropriate methods: scanning electron microscope (SEM, ×1000, n=3), degree of conversion (DC, n=15), Vickers hardness (VH, n=15), flexural strength (FS, n=15), 3D trueness (n=15), cell viability (n=18), 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) staining (n=3), and the turbidity of the contaminated ethanol solutions (n=15). Statistical analyses were performed using 1-way ANOVA after confirming the normality of the data, with comparisons restricted to contamination groups within the same resin type. Post hoc analysis was conducted using the Tukey HSD or the Games-Howell test, depending on the variance homogeneity (α=.05 or .001).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Surface impurities and particle adsorption were observed via SEM at contamination levels ≥10%. DC decreased significantly from 62.5% to 32.7% (C&B) and from 71.4% to 57.1% (MFH) at contamination ≥5% (P<.001). The Vickers hardness number (VHN) declined significantly at ≥5% for C&B (from 12.97 to 9.01) and at ≥10% for MFH (from 14.76 to 11.52) (P<.001). Flexural strength remained stable across all groups (P>.05). Morphological deviations increased with contamination, with root mean square deviations rising from 51.5 to 105.8 µm (C&B) and from 64.1 to 82.6 µm (MFH) (P<.001); C&B crowns showed expansion, whereas MFH crowns showed shrinkage. Cell viability decreased significantly at ≥10% (C&B) and ≥5% (MFH) contamination (P<.05) but remained above 80% in all groups. EdU-positive cell percentage declined from 23.6% to 16.8% (C&B) and 23.7% to 18.0% (MFH) with increasing contamination (P<.05). Turbidity rose sharply with contamination, exceeding 1000 NTU at 5% (C&B: 1079 NTU; MFH: 1221 NTU), indicating substantial resin-derived particle accumulation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Postwashing treatment using contaminated ethanol solutions containing unpolymerized resin negatively impacted the surface morphology of resin products, significantly reducing their DC,
{"title":"Effects of postwashing with contaminated ethanol solutions on 3D printed materials: Mechanical properties, dimensional trueness, and biocompatibility.","authors":"Zhihao Zhang, Gan Jin, Di Chen, Yifan Ma, Yeon-Woo Yim, Won-Suck Oh, Jong-Eun Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.09.031","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.09.031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Statement of problem: </strong>Whether postwashing treatment with a contaminated ethanol solution adversely affects the biomechanical properties of 3-dimensionally (3D) printed resin restorations is unclear.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The aim of this in vitro study was to determine the impact of postwashing treatment using contaminated ethanol solutions on the mechanical properties, degree of conversion (DC) of resin monomers, biocompatibility, 3D trueness of 3D printed products, and ethanol contamination levels.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Specimens were fabricated from 3D models using 2 resins: NextDent C&B resin (C&B) and NextDent C&B MFH resin (MFH). The specimens were ultrasonically cleaned in an ethanol solution containing unpolymerized resin at various concentrations: 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 30%. Postwashing treatment was conducted at 60 °C for 30 minutes in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations. The following properties and outcomes were evaluated with their respective sample sizes using appropriate methods: scanning electron microscope (SEM, ×1000, n=3), degree of conversion (DC, n=15), Vickers hardness (VH, n=15), flexural strength (FS, n=15), 3D trueness (n=15), cell viability (n=18), 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) staining (n=3), and the turbidity of the contaminated ethanol solutions (n=15). Statistical analyses were performed using 1-way ANOVA after confirming the normality of the data, with comparisons restricted to contamination groups within the same resin type. Post hoc analysis was conducted using the Tukey HSD or the Games-Howell test, depending on the variance homogeneity (α=.05 or .001).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Surface impurities and particle adsorption were observed via SEM at contamination levels ≥10%. DC decreased significantly from 62.5% to 32.7% (C&B) and from 71.4% to 57.1% (MFH) at contamination ≥5% (P<.001). The Vickers hardness number (VHN) declined significantly at ≥5% for C&B (from 12.97 to 9.01) and at ≥10% for MFH (from 14.76 to 11.52) (P<.001). Flexural strength remained stable across all groups (P>.05). Morphological deviations increased with contamination, with root mean square deviations rising from 51.5 to 105.8 µm (C&B) and from 64.1 to 82.6 µm (MFH) (P<.001); C&B crowns showed expansion, whereas MFH crowns showed shrinkage. Cell viability decreased significantly at ≥10% (C&B) and ≥5% (MFH) contamination (P<.05) but remained above 80% in all groups. EdU-positive cell percentage declined from 23.6% to 16.8% (C&B) and 23.7% to 18.0% (MFH) with increasing contamination (P<.05). Turbidity rose sharply with contamination, exceeding 1000 NTU at 5% (C&B: 1079 NTU; MFH: 1221 NTU), indicating substantial resin-derived particle accumulation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Postwashing treatment using contaminated ethanol solutions containing unpolymerized resin negatively impacted the surface morphology of resin products, significantly reducing their DC, ","PeriodicalId":16866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":"413.e1-413.e10"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145292595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-10-16DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.09.039
Mona Gibreel, Sufyan Garoushi, Leila Perea-Lowery, Abeer Mohamed Atout, Lippo Lassila, Pekka K Vallittu
Statement of problem: The increasing adoption of 3-dimensional (3D) printing in prosthetic dentistry necessitates a comprehensive understanding of how different surface treatments influence the repair strength of 3D printed denture base materials to enhance clinical outcomes. While 3D printing offers significant advantages in fabrication efficiency and customization, concerns persist regarding the mechanical properties and durability of 3D printed materials. Despite its clinical significance, only limited information regarding the repair strength of 3D printed denture bases is available in the literature.
Purpose: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of different surface treatments on the flexural strength of a repaired 3D printed denture base material.
Material and methods: Bar-shaped specimens (65×10×3.2 mm) of a 3D printed denture base material (V-Print dentbase) were printed, postpolymerized, and submitted to Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry to determine the degree of CC conversion (DC%). Eighty-one specimens were assigned to 9 test groups. Sectioned specimens with a 4-mm gap were allocated equally based on the repair surface treatment to the following groups: no treatment (NT), monomer (MN), multiprimer (G-MP), triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), airborne-particle abrasion (APA), 180-grit paper roughening (180 G), 180 G plus silane (180 G+CB), and bonding agent (SB). Specimens were repaired with an autopolymerizing resin and stored in water for 30 days before testing with a 3-point bend test. Flexural strength data (MPa) were analyzed using the Shapiro-Wilk test (α=.05). Failure modes were classified, and surface-treated specimens were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Results: The investigated V-Print dentbase material displayed a high DC (89%). The flexural strength of the intact group was significantly higher than that of all repaired groups (P<.05). The 180 G+CB group achieved the highest repair flexural strength, significantly surpassing that of the NT group (P=.008).
Conclusions: Using 180-grit paper combined with silane significantly improved the repair flexural strength of the investigated 3D printed denture base material, while other treatments showed no significant improvement.
{"title":"Effect of surface treatment on the repair strength of a 3D printed denture base material.","authors":"Mona Gibreel, Sufyan Garoushi, Leila Perea-Lowery, Abeer Mohamed Atout, Lippo Lassila, Pekka K Vallittu","doi":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.09.039","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.09.039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Statement of problem: </strong>The increasing adoption of 3-dimensional (3D) printing in prosthetic dentistry necessitates a comprehensive understanding of how different surface treatments influence the repair strength of 3D printed denture base materials to enhance clinical outcomes. While 3D printing offers significant advantages in fabrication efficiency and customization, concerns persist regarding the mechanical properties and durability of 3D printed materials. Despite its clinical significance, only limited information regarding the repair strength of 3D printed denture bases is available in the literature.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of different surface treatments on the flexural strength of a repaired 3D printed denture base material.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Bar-shaped specimens (65×10×3.2 mm) of a 3D printed denture base material (V-Print dentbase) were printed, postpolymerized, and submitted to Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry to determine the degree of CC conversion (DC%). Eighty-one specimens were assigned to 9 test groups. Sectioned specimens with a 4-mm gap were allocated equally based on the repair surface treatment to the following groups: no treatment (NT), monomer (MN), multiprimer (G-MP), triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), airborne-particle abrasion (APA), 180-grit paper roughening (180 G), 180 G plus silane (180 G+CB), and bonding agent (SB). Specimens were repaired with an autopolymerizing resin and stored in water for 30 days before testing with a 3-point bend test. Flexural strength data (MPa) were analyzed using the Shapiro-Wilk test (α=.05). Failure modes were classified, and surface-treated specimens were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The investigated V-Print dentbase material displayed a high DC (89%). The flexural strength of the intact group was significantly higher than that of all repaired groups (P<.05). The 180 G+CB group achieved the highest repair flexural strength, significantly surpassing that of the NT group (P=.008).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Using 180-grit paper combined with silane significantly improved the repair flexural strength of the investigated 3D printed denture base material, while other treatments showed no significant improvement.</p>","PeriodicalId":16866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":"414.e1-414.e10"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145313112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-05-02DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.03.027
Han-Pang Liu, Sieu Yien Chiam, Zhaozhao Chen, Hom-Lay Wang
Statement of problem: The abutment shape of bone level implants may have a greater effect on peri-implant bone remodeling and bone loss than the prosthesis profile. However, the evidence available is inconclusive.
Purpose: The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the influence of the abutment contours, specifically comparing the convex and concave abutments on early peri-implant marginal bone loss (MBL) and crestal bone remodeling (CBR).
Material and methods: A comprehensive literature search was performed across electronic databases to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published up to April 2024, with measurements of MBL (bone level alteration from the implant platform to the initial bone-to-implant contact), CBR (bone level alteration above the implant platform). A random-effects meta-analytic model was used to synthesize the data (α=.05).
Results: Seven RCTs, comprising 283 implants, satisfied the inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. No statistically significant difference was observed in early peri-implant MBL between the convex or wide and concave or flat abutment groups (difference in means=0.083, 95% confidence interval=-0.011 to 0.176, P=.082). Subgroup analysis revealed a significant increase in early MBL when the emergence angle (EA) of the abutments exceeded 30 degrees (mean difference=0.190, P<.001). Additionally, a statistically significant increase in CBR was found in the convex or wide abutment group compared with the concave or flat abutment group (mean difference=0.560, 95% confidence interval=0.240 to 0.880, P=.001).
Conclusions: The meta-analysis suggested that abutment shape alone does not significantly contribute to an increase in early peri-implant MBL unless the EA exceeds 30 degrees. Conversely, convex or wide abutments are associated with a notable increase in CBR, underscoring the importance of abutment design in implant dentistry.
{"title":"Influence of abutment shape on early peri-implant marginal bone loss and crestal bone remodeling: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","authors":"Han-Pang Liu, Sieu Yien Chiam, Zhaozhao Chen, Hom-Lay Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.03.027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.03.027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Statement of problem: </strong>The abutment shape of bone level implants may have a greater effect on peri-implant bone remodeling and bone loss than the prosthesis profile. However, the evidence available is inconclusive.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the influence of the abutment contours, specifically comparing the convex and concave abutments on early peri-implant marginal bone loss (MBL) and crestal bone remodeling (CBR).</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A comprehensive literature search was performed across electronic databases to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published up to April 2024, with measurements of MBL (bone level alteration from the implant platform to the initial bone-to-implant contact), CBR (bone level alteration above the implant platform). A random-effects meta-analytic model was used to synthesize the data (α=.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seven RCTs, comprising 283 implants, satisfied the inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. No statistically significant difference was observed in early peri-implant MBL between the convex or wide and concave or flat abutment groups (difference in means=0.083, 95% confidence interval=-0.011 to 0.176, P=.082). Subgroup analysis revealed a significant increase in early MBL when the emergence angle (EA) of the abutments exceeded 30 degrees (mean difference=0.190, P<.001). Additionally, a statistically significant increase in CBR was found in the convex or wide abutment group compared with the concave or flat abutment group (mean difference=0.560, 95% confidence interval=0.240 to 0.880, P=.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The meta-analysis suggested that abutment shape alone does not significantly contribute to an increase in early peri-implant MBL unless the EA exceeds 30 degrees. Conversely, convex or wide abutments are associated with a notable increase in CBR, underscoring the importance of abutment design in implant dentistry.</p>","PeriodicalId":16866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":"308-316"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144018995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-05-08DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.04.014
Shady M El Naggar, Mohamed Adel Youssef Abdelsalam, Youssef M Eissa, Sherihan M Eissa
Statement of problem: Maxillofacial tumor resection leads to major functional and esthetic issues that adversely affect patients' quality of life. Obturators have been used to manage issues such as hypernasality and fluid leakage. However, their adaptation to maxillary defects and patient comfort requires further study. Understanding how material composition influences obturator retention, durability, and long-term satisfaction is essential for optimizing prosthetic design.
Purpose: The purpose of this nonrandomized, self-controlled study was to compare the accuracy and patient satisfaction of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bulbs on metal frameworks and flexible injection-molded resin bulbs.
Material and methods: Two obturator types were evaluated. Type PMMA-BMF used PMMA bulbs on metal frameworks, while Type FIMR used flexible injection-molded resin bulbs. Adaptation was assessed using 3-dimensional (3D) scanning and superimposition techniques, with root mean square (RMS) values and average positive and negative deviations as key metrics using the Bland-Altman analysis of agreement with bias ±standard deviation calculated and plotted (95% limits of agreement). Patient satisfaction was evaluated using the obturator functioning scale (OFS) domains.
Results: Type PMMA-BMF obturators showed significantly higher RMS and average positive and negative deviations than Type FIMR (P<.001), indicating a less precise fit. The Bland-Atman analysis demonstrated strong agreement between the 2 material types. The limits of agreement were narrower for nondefect sites (0.93), suggesting stronger agreement in these areas than between defect sites (2.55) and obturator bulbs (4.84). Type FIMR showed better statistically significant OFS scores regarding all domains and overall than Type PMMA-BMF (P<.001).
Conclusions: Type FIMR obturator offers better fit, stability, and patient satisfaction than Type PMMA-BMF. It also improves speech, mastication, and esthetics, highlighting its potential benefits. Further research should address issues such as improving patient outcomes.
{"title":"Bland-Altman analysis of maxillary obturator bulb accuracy in class III Brown classification maxillectomy defects.","authors":"Shady M El Naggar, Mohamed Adel Youssef Abdelsalam, Youssef M Eissa, Sherihan M Eissa","doi":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.04.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.04.014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Statement of problem: </strong>Maxillofacial tumor resection leads to major functional and esthetic issues that adversely affect patients' quality of life. Obturators have been used to manage issues such as hypernasality and fluid leakage. However, their adaptation to maxillary defects and patient comfort requires further study. Understanding how material composition influences obturator retention, durability, and long-term satisfaction is essential for optimizing prosthetic design.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this nonrandomized, self-controlled study was to compare the accuracy and patient satisfaction of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bulbs on metal frameworks and flexible injection-molded resin bulbs.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Two obturator types were evaluated. Type PMMA-BMF used PMMA bulbs on metal frameworks, while Type FIMR used flexible injection-molded resin bulbs. Adaptation was assessed using 3-dimensional (3D) scanning and superimposition techniques, with root mean square (RMS) values and average positive and negative deviations as key metrics using the Bland-Altman analysis of agreement with bias ±standard deviation calculated and plotted (95% limits of agreement). Patient satisfaction was evaluated using the obturator functioning scale (OFS) domains.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Type PMMA-BMF obturators showed significantly higher RMS and average positive and negative deviations than Type FIMR (P<.001), indicating a less precise fit. The Bland-Atman analysis demonstrated strong agreement between the 2 material types. The limits of agreement were narrower for nondefect sites (0.93), suggesting stronger agreement in these areas than between defect sites (2.55) and obturator bulbs (4.84). Type FIMR showed better statistically significant OFS scores regarding all domains and overall than Type PMMA-BMF (P<.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Type FIMR obturator offers better fit, stability, and patient satisfaction than Type PMMA-BMF. It also improves speech, mastication, and esthetics, highlighting its potential benefits. Further research should address issues such as improving patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":16866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":"420-427"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144029037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-05-12DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.04.024
Yi He, Ding-Jie Wang, Yun-Tong Hu, Xi-Long Zhao, Ya Jiang, Yu-Hong Xiao
The release of titanium particles is a common yet often overlooked complication of implant therapy. Most research has focused on nanoscale or submicrometer titanium particles and their immunological effects, with limited data on the long-term tissue response to larger particles. This report presents a patient with a mechanical implant complication accompanied by peri-implantitis. The improper removal of a fractured abutment screw resulted in severe implant damage and the release of numerous 20- to 200-µm titanium particles, which remained in the surrounding tissue for 9 years. After implant removal, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry were used to evaluate the tissue response. The findings showed that long-standing micrometer-sized titanium particles were primarily encapsulated by fibrous tissue rather than eliciting an inflammatory reaction. This report provides clinical evidence that the prolonged presence of micrometer-sized titanium particles in tissues does not necessarily trigger a significant immune or inflammatory response.
{"title":"Peri-implantitis with iatrogenic implant corrosion: A clinical report of titanium particles remaining in local tissues for up to nine years.","authors":"Yi He, Ding-Jie Wang, Yun-Tong Hu, Xi-Long Zhao, Ya Jiang, Yu-Hong Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.04.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.04.024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The release of titanium particles is a common yet often overlooked complication of implant therapy. Most research has focused on nanoscale or submicrometer titanium particles and their immunological effects, with limited data on the long-term tissue response to larger particles. This report presents a patient with a mechanical implant complication accompanied by peri-implantitis. The improper removal of a fractured abutment screw resulted in severe implant damage and the release of numerous 20- to 200-µm titanium particles, which remained in the surrounding tissue for 9 years. After implant removal, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry were used to evaluate the tissue response. The findings showed that long-standing micrometer-sized titanium particles were primarily encapsulated by fibrous tissue rather than eliciting an inflammatory reaction. This report provides clinical evidence that the prolonged presence of micrometer-sized titanium particles in tissues does not necessarily trigger a significant immune or inflammatory response.</p>","PeriodicalId":16866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":"224-229"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143970835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-05-12DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.04.022
Haoyun Zhang, Yiping Wei, Wenjie Hu, Tao Xu, Ziyao Han, Liman Li
Statement of problem: Alveolar ridge preservation aims to limit alveolar resorption and promote bone formation after tooth extraction. However, evidence for its application in periodontally compromised molars with bone defects is limited.
Purpose: The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the radiographic and clinical outcomes of alveolar ridge preservation in periodontally compromised molars with buccal or lingual bone wall deficiencies.
Material and methods: This study included 65 participants. Radiographic measurements were made using cone beam computed tomography before extraction and at least 5 months after surgery. Factors influencing radiographic outcomes were analyzed, changes in keratinized tissue width assessed, and implant treatment outcomes evaluated. Paired t tests or Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to compare continuous variables before and after surgery. Linear regression analyses were conducted to identify influencing factors.
Results: Significant increases were observed in central bone height (Maxilla: +4.69 mm, P<.001; Mandible: +7.82 mm, P<.001) and ridge width at 1 mm (Maxilla: +5.46 mm, P<.001; Mandible: +5.91 mm, P<.001) and 3 mm (Maxilla: +5.55 mm, P<.001; Mandible: +4.70 mm, P<.001) from the higher alveolar crests after alveolar ridge preservation. The height of socket bone walls significantly influenced the radiographic outcomes. Adequate keratinized tissue width was maintained (5.70 ±2.00 mm). Implant placement without additional bone augmentation was feasible in 69.5% of participants, with only 6.5% requiring staged bone augmentation.
Conclusions: Alveolar ridge preservation in periodontally compromised molar extraction sites with buccal or lingual bone wall deficiencies created favorable hard and soft tissue conditions, thereby facilitating implant placement.
问题陈述：牙槽嵴保存旨在限制牙槽骨吸收，促进拔牙后骨形成。然而，其应用于牙周受损的磨牙骨缺损的证据是有限的。目的：本回顾性研究的目的是评估牙周受损磨牙颊或舌骨壁缺陷的牙槽嵴保存的影像学和临床结果。材料和方法：本研究纳入65名受试者。在拔牙前和术后至少5个月使用锥形束计算机断层进行放射测量。分析影响影像学结果的因素，评估角化组织宽度的变化，评估种植体治疗结果。配对t检验或Wilcoxon符号秩检验用于比较手术前后的连续变量。通过线性回归分析确定影响因素。结果：中央骨高度显著增加（上颌：+4.69 mm, p）结论：牙槽嵴保存在牙周受损的臼齿拔牙部位，颊或舌骨壁缺陷创造了良好的软硬组织条件，从而促进了种植体的放置。
{"title":"Alveolar ridge preservation in periodontally compromised molars with buccal or lingual bone defects: A retrospective case series.","authors":"Haoyun Zhang, Yiping Wei, Wenjie Hu, Tao Xu, Ziyao Han, Liman Li","doi":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.04.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.04.022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Statement of problem: </strong>Alveolar ridge preservation aims to limit alveolar resorption and promote bone formation after tooth extraction. However, evidence for its application in periodontally compromised molars with bone defects is limited.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the radiographic and clinical outcomes of alveolar ridge preservation in periodontally compromised molars with buccal or lingual bone wall deficiencies.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This study included 65 participants. Radiographic measurements were made using cone beam computed tomography before extraction and at least 5 months after surgery. Factors influencing radiographic outcomes were analyzed, changes in keratinized tissue width assessed, and implant treatment outcomes evaluated. Paired t tests or Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to compare continuous variables before and after surgery. Linear regression analyses were conducted to identify influencing factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant increases were observed in central bone height (Maxilla: +4.69 mm, P<.001; Mandible: +7.82 mm, P<.001) and ridge width at 1 mm (Maxilla: +5.46 mm, P<.001; Mandible: +5.91 mm, P<.001) and 3 mm (Maxilla: +5.55 mm, P<.001; Mandible: +4.70 mm, P<.001) from the higher alveolar crests after alveolar ridge preservation. The height of socket bone walls significantly influenced the radiographic outcomes. Adequate keratinized tissue width was maintained (5.70 ±2.00 mm). Implant placement without additional bone augmentation was feasible in 69.5% of participants, with only 6.5% requiring staged bone augmentation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Alveolar ridge preservation in periodontally compromised molar extraction sites with buccal or lingual bone wall deficiencies created favorable hard and soft tissue conditions, thereby facilitating implant placement.</p>","PeriodicalId":16866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":"331-339"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143972844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Response to Letter to the Editor regarding, \"Accuracy in dental implant placement: A systematic review and meta-analysis comparing computer-assisted (static, dynamic, robotics) and noncomputer-assisted (freehand, conventional guide) approaches\".","authors":"Angkoon Khaohoen, Warit Powcharoen, Nobuhiro Yoda, Chaiy Rungsiyakull, Pimduen Rungsiyakull","doi":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.08.027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.08.027","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":"430-431"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145058646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Statement of problem: Denture teeth have traditionally been made from polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) material. The introduction of subtractive manufacturing enabled the milling of denture teeth, and the advent of additive manufacturing (AM) enabled the 3-dimensional (3D) printing of denture teeth. However, the wear resistance of 3D printed denture teeth is unknown.
Purpose: The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the linear and volumetric wear of AM resins of different compositions with conventional double cross-linked (DCL) PMMA denture teeth and natural enamel.
Material and methods: DCL PMMA second mandibular premolar denture teeth (Ivoclar Ortholingual conventional DCL PMMA resin teeth) and natural human enamel specimens were used as controls (n=8). The DCL teeth were scanned and printed in 3 different AM resin materials. The specimens DCL PMMA resin teeth (DCL), natural human enamel (enamel), VarseoSmile Crown Plus (AM-CFH), DENTCA Denture Teeth (AM-MPR), a diurethane dimethacrylate (DUDMA) photopolymerizable resin, and OnX Tough (AM-NCH), labeled a hybrid ceramic resin, underwent mastication simulation in a biaxial fatigue testing machine. The mastication simulator was set at 1.53 Hz, thermocycling between 5 °C and 55 °C, and 49 N against a Ø6-mm steatite antagonist following the International Organization for Standardization Technical Specification (ISO/TS) 14569-2. After 250 000 cycles, the linear and volumetric changes on the occlusal surfaces of the specimens were analyzed with a 2-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by a Tukey comparison test (α=.05).
Results: A statistically significant difference in linear and volumetric wear was found between enamel, DCL, and AM denture teeth (P<.001). Enamel had the lowest mean values for linear (0.183 mm) and volumetric wear (0.224 mm³). Within AM materials, AM-CFH linear wear (0.265 mm) did not significantly differ from that of DCL (P=.707). AM-NCH resulted in the highest linear wear (0.515 mm) and largest wear volume (1.841 mm³).
Conclusions: AM denture teeth exhibited varying degrees of wear resistance. The wear rate was contingent upon the material, with AM-CFH resin and increased filler content exhibiting wear comparable with that of DCL denture teeth. Both types of denture teeth had a higher rate of wear than enamel.
{"title":"Wear resistance of additive-manufactured denture teeth following mastication simulation.","authors":"Marissa Gentle, Tariq Alsahafi, Rafiullah Bashiri, Amara Abreu-Serrano, Taiseer A Sulaiman","doi":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.09.026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.09.026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Statement of problem: </strong>Denture teeth have traditionally been made from polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) material. The introduction of subtractive manufacturing enabled the milling of denture teeth, and the advent of additive manufacturing (AM) enabled the 3-dimensional (3D) printing of denture teeth. However, the wear resistance of 3D printed denture teeth is unknown.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the linear and volumetric wear of AM resins of different compositions with conventional double cross-linked (DCL) PMMA denture teeth and natural enamel.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>DCL PMMA second mandibular premolar denture teeth (Ivoclar Ortholingual conventional DCL PMMA resin teeth) and natural human enamel specimens were used as controls (n=8). The DCL teeth were scanned and printed in 3 different AM resin materials. The specimens DCL PMMA resin teeth (DCL), natural human enamel (enamel), VarseoSmile Crown Plus (AM-CFH), DENTCA Denture Teeth (AM-MPR), a diurethane dimethacrylate (DUDMA) photopolymerizable resin, and OnX Tough (AM-NCH), labeled a hybrid ceramic resin, underwent mastication simulation in a biaxial fatigue testing machine. The mastication simulator was set at 1.53 Hz, thermocycling between 5 °C and 55 °C, and 49 N against a Ø6-mm steatite antagonist following the International Organization for Standardization Technical Specification (ISO/TS) 14569-2. After 250 000 cycles, the linear and volumetric changes on the occlusal surfaces of the specimens were analyzed with a 2-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by a Tukey comparison test (α=.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A statistically significant difference in linear and volumetric wear was found between enamel, DCL, and AM denture teeth (P<.001). Enamel had the lowest mean values for linear (0.183 mm) and volumetric wear (0.224 mm³). Within AM materials, AM-CFH linear wear (0.265 mm) did not significantly differ from that of DCL (P=.707). AM-NCH resulted in the highest linear wear (0.515 mm) and largest wear volume (1.841 mm³).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>AM denture teeth exhibited varying degrees of wear resistance. The wear rate was contingent upon the material, with AM-CFH resin and increased filler content exhibiting wear comparable with that of DCL denture teeth. Both types of denture teeth had a higher rate of wear than enamel.</p>","PeriodicalId":16866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":"390.e1-390.e7"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145308508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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