Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry最新文献

{"title":"Deep learning applications in prosthodontics: A systematic review","authors":"Rata Rokhshad DDS ,&nbsp;Kamyar Khosravi DDS ,&nbsp;Parisa Motie DDS ,&nbsp;Termeh Sarrafan Sadeghi DDS ,&nbsp;Azita Mazaheri Tehrani DDS, MSD ,&nbsp;Arash Zarbakhsh DDS, MSD ,&nbsp;Marta Revilla-León DDS, MSD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.04.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.04.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Statement of problem</h3><div>Deep learning (DL) has been applied to aid dental professionals in diagnosis, treatment planning, and fabricating prostheses. However, an overview and the status of the main DL applications in prosthodontics is lacking.</div></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><div><span>The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate DL applications for inlays, onlays, and tooth-supported crowns and fixed </span>dental prostheses<span> (FDPs), by predicting restoration outcomes, optimizing prosthetic design<span>, assisting treatment planning, improving color matching, and automating landmark detection for removable partial denture (RPD) design and facial changes after complete denture (CD) treatment.</span></span></div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>A systematic review was completed in 6 databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, arXiv, IEEE, and Google Scholar. A manual search was also conducted. Two investigators evaluated the studies independently using the JBI Critical Appraisal checklist. A third examiner was consulted to resolve any lack of consensus. The included articles were classified based on the DL application: identification of restorations, prediction of restoration outcomes (such as debonding, wear, fracture resistance, surface roughness, microhardness, and flexural strength), assistance in treatment planning, prostheses design and manufacturing, shade matching, landmark detection for RPD planning, and analysis of facial changes after CD treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 3359 screened studies, 31 met the eligibility criteria for inclusion. Among these, 10 studies demonstrated a low risk of bias across all domains of the JBI checklist. Most of the reviewed studies were concentrated on the design and manufacturing of dental prostheses (n=13) and used a variety of deep learning applications with generation (n=11) as the predominant task. The Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) was the most utilized model, appearing in 11 studies, followed by Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) in 7 studies. Among the restorations considered, tooth-supported crowns were the most frequently assessed (n=14). Regarding data modalities, intraoral scanners (IOSs) were the most utilized in the studies (n=16). The highest accuracy of 99.4% for identifying gold restorations and the lowest accuracy of 60% for detecting an onlay and other restoration designs were reported. Based on the included studies, sensitivity ranged from 88.6% to 100%, and Intersection over Union (IoU) ranged from 60% to 90%.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>DL in prosthodontics, especially concerning prosthesis design and manufacturing, demonstrates significant potential. However, the standardization of methodologies and rigorous validation are essential to ensure the reliable and widespread clinical adoption of these DL-driven approaches.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry","volume":"135 3","pages":"Pages 539-551"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144078576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The diagnostic template in the digital era: A technique for fabricating a diagnostic trial restoration by using a two-piece additively manufactured index","authors":"Panagiotis Ntovas DDS, MSc ,&nbsp;Ourania Ladia DDS ,&nbsp;Maria Spanopoulou MDT ,&nbsp;John C. Kois DMD, MSD ,&nbsp;Marta Revilla-León DDS, MSD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.04.027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.04.027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Diagnostic trial restorations, traditionally fabricated from silicone or vacuum-formed matrices formed on gypsum or 3-dimensionally (3D) printed diagnostic casts, have been widely used for the intraoral verification of the virtual design of prosthetic or esthetic rehabilitations. A step-by-step digital workflow for fabricating trial restorations is presented that transfers the virtual treatment plan intraorally using a 2-piece 3D printed index that does not require a diagnostic cast. Additionally, the design enables sequential removal from the mouth without displacement of the trial restorations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry","volume":"135 3","pages":"Pages 453-457"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144132604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Registration accuracy of soft tissue information scan captured using an intraoral scanner and implant position scan recorded using extraoral and intraoral photogrammetry systems","authors":"Marta Revilla-León DDS, MSD, PhD ,&nbsp;Rocio Cascos DDS ,&nbsp;Abdul B. Barmak MD, MSc, EdD ,&nbsp;John C. Kois DMD, MSD ,&nbsp;Miguel Gómez-Polo DDS, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.04.037","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.04.037","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Statement of problem</h3><div>Implant scanning workflows require the integration of digital scans containing different information, including soft tissue and implant position information scans. These digital scans captured by using intraoral scanners (IOSs) with or without photogrammetry (PG) systems are sequentially registered for manufacturing an implant-supported prosthesis. However, the registration accuracy of soft tissue and implant position information scans remains unknown.</div></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>The purpose of this in vitro study was to measure the registration accuracy of the soft tissue information scan recorded using an IOS and implant position information scans recorded using 3 extraoral and 1 intraoral PG system.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>A maxillary edentulous stone cast with 6 implant abutment analogs (MultiUnit Abutment Replica) was obtained. Three markers were attached on the palatal surface of the cast on the anterior palatine raphe<span> and in the right and left first molar positions. A healing abutment was hand tightened into each implant abutment and the cast was digitized by using a laboratory scanner (T710). Subsequently, a complete arch soft tissue information scan was recorded by using an IOS (Elite). Four groups were created depending on the PG system used to capture the implant position scans: iCam4D, Grammee, OxoFit, and Elite (n=30). The soft tissue scan and PG scans were aligned using a program (DentalCAD), except for the Elite group in which the corresponding IOS software program was used to align these 2 scans. The registered scans were imported into another program (Geomagic), and the measurement point of each implant abutment geometry was located (intersection between the longitudinal axis and the apical z-plane). Eighteen linear measurements were performed between the markers and measurement points in the control scan and each specimen. Trueness was analyzed using the 1-way ANOVA test, and precision was evaluated using the Levene test (α=.05).</span></div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>No significant trueness discrepancies were found among the groups tested (<em>P</em>=.270). Additionally, the Levene test showed no significant precision discrepancies among the groups tested (<em>P</em>=.130). The mean ±standard deviation registration discrepancy between the soft tissue and implant position information scans ranged from 103 ±38 µm to 116 ±52 µm.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The extraoral and intraoral PG systems tested did not impact the registration accuracy between the soft tissue and implant position information scans.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry","volume":"135 3","pages":"Pages 597-604"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144225720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined use of intraoral scan and custom sectional impression trays to obtain digital casts of patients with severely limited mouth opening","authors":"Zhiwen Li DDS ,&nbsp;Shiwei Song MDS ,&nbsp;Fang Zhang BSN ,&nbsp;Shizhu Bai PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.04.035","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.04.035","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Making an impression or an intraoral scan for a patient with limited mouth opening can be challenging. This technique describes a method of making custom sectional impression trays using intraoral scanning and aligning them to obtain digital casts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry","volume":"135 3","pages":"Pages 463-466"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144234407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A clinical comparison of conventional, custom tray, extraoral scanning, and photogrammetry facial recording techniques for maxillofacial prosthesis fabrication","authors":"Muaiyed Mahmoud Buzayan BDS, MclinDent ,&nbsp;Aeman H. Elkezza BDS, MDSc ,&nbsp;Mohammed Rafiq Abdul Kadir M.Eng, PhD ,&nbsp;Koay Chee Loo BDS candidate ,&nbsp;Tsai Jing Enr BDS candidate","doi":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.05.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.05.018","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Statement of problem&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The fabrication of facial prostheses is a complex and time-consuming process, requiring the precise recording of facial defects and surrounding tissues. Conventional techniques often face challenges such as soft-tissue compression, involuntary patient movements, and inadequate support for impression materials, leading to inaccuracies. Emerging 3-dimensional (3D) imaging and scanning technologies, such as photogrammetry, offer potential alternatives, yet their clinical accuracy and reliability remain insufficiently validated.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Purpose&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The purpose of this clinical study was to compare the accuracy, procedural efficiency, and material use of 4 maxillofacial recording techniques: conventional alginate impressions, custom trays with alginate, extraoral scanning (Revopoint MIRACO 3D Scanner), and photogrammetry (Polycam app) in the fabrication of nasal prostheses.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Material and methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;A total of 28 maxillofacial recording specimens were obtained from 7 participants (aged 18 to 24 years) using 4 distinct techniques: conventional alginate impressions (Conv), custom trays with alginate (Cust), extraoral scanning using the Revopoint MIRACO 3D Scanner (Ex-S), and photogrammetry using the Polycam app (Ph-S). Digital maxillofacial casts generated with an intraoral scanner (Primescan; Dentsply Sirona) served as the reference standard. The accuracy of the specimens was assessed using 3D deviation measurements in a software program (Geomagic Control X), and procedural time was recorded using a digital stopwatch. Both outcomes were analyzed using a repeated-measures mixed-effects model, followed by Bonferroni-adjusted pairwise comparisons (α=.05). Material waste was recorded and analyzed descriptively.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The Ex-S group demonstrated the highest accuracy, with a mean deviation of 54 ±18 µm, followed by the Cust group (85 ±32 µm) and the Ph-S group (87 ±13 µm). The Conv group showed the largest deviation (147 ±56 µm). A repeated-measures mixed-effects model revealed a significant main effect of technique (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;&lt;.001). Pairwise comparisons showed that Conv had significantly higher deviations than Ex-S (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;=.011). No statistically significant differences were found between Conv and Cust (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;=.058), Cust and Ex-S (&lt;em&gt;P=&lt;/em&gt;.059), Conv and Ph-S (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;=.263), Cust and Ph-S (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;&gt;.999), or Ex-S and Ph-S (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;=.068). Procedural time also varied significantly among groups. The Conv group recorded the longest time (45.0 ±3.0 minutes), followed by Cust (6.0 ±1.0 minutes), Ex-S (3.6 ±0.5 minutes), and Ph-S (3.0 ±0.5 minutes). Pairwise comparisons indicated that Conv was significantly longer than all other groups (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;&lt;.001 for all) and that Cust was significantly longer than both Ex-S (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;=.001) and Ph-S (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;&lt;.001). No significant difference was observed between Ex-S and Ph-S (&lt;e","PeriodicalId":16866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry","volume":"135 3","pages":"Pages 625-631"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144248430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implant survival and peri-implant health in prediabetic and healthy patients with adjacent implants over 5 years: A systematic review","authors":"Sidhartha Tomar BDS, MDS ,&nbsp;Aastha Sahani BDS ,&nbsp;Ayush Kumar BDS, MDS","doi":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.09.037","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.09.037","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Statement of problem</h3><div>Prediabetes, a metabolic condition occurring before diabetes, involves chronic low-grade inflammation that may impair peri-implant tissue health. Its impact on survival and outcomes of adjacent dental implants remains unexamined.</div></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>The purpose of this systematic review was to compare implant survival and peri-implant health outcomes between prediabetic and systemically healthy patients with adjacent dental implants over a minimum 5-year follow-up period.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, LILACS, and Google Scholar from January 2000 to April 2025, with an update in August 2025. Studies including prediabetic and healthy patients with at least two adjacent implants and more than 5 years of follow-up were eligible. Outcomes included implant survival, marginal bone loss, probing depth, bleeding on probing, and inflammatory markers. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS) for the cohort study and the Appraisal Tool for Cross-Sectional Studies (AXIS) for the cross-sectional study, and data were synthesized narratively due to heterogeneity.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Two studies met inclusion criteria, comprising 139 patients and 336 implants. Implant survival was 100% in both prediabetic and healthy groups (<em>P</em>&gt;.05). Peri-implant parameters were worse in prediabetic patients, with higher mean probing depth (3.9 to 4.6 mm versus 2.2 to 3.3 mm; <em>P&lt;.05</em>), greater bleeding on probing (24% to 48% versus 18 to 23%; <em>P&lt;</em>.05), higher plaque index, increased marginal bone loss (1.6 to 5.3 mm versus 0.8 to 2.3 mm; <em>P</em>&lt;.05), and elevated interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels (<em>P</em>&lt;.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>While implant survival remains comparable, patients with prediabetes exhibit poorer peri-implant tissue health. Early glycemic assessment may aid in optimizing implant prognosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry","volume":"135 3","pages":"Pages 579.e1-579.e7"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145313136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discrepancies of maximal intercuspal position recorded by using four intraoral scanners at different dental chair positions: A clinical study","authors":"Marta Revilla-León DDS, MSD, PhD ,&nbsp;Jorge Alonso Pérez-Barquero DDS, PhD ,&nbsp;Abdul B. Barmak MD, MSc, EdD ,&nbsp;Panagiotis Ntovas DDS ,&nbsp;John C. Kois DMD, MSD ,&nbsp;Lucía Fernández-Estevan DDS, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.09.041","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.09.041","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Statement of problem&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Discrepancies in the maximal intercuspal position (MIP) recorded using intraoral scanners (IOSs) have been reported. Additionally, changes in the mandible position have been reported when altering patient head posture, influencing the occlusal contacts between the maxillary and mandibular dentition. However, clinical studies analyzing MIP discrepancies recorded using different IOSs at different dental chair positions are scarce.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Purpose&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The purpose of this clinical study was to assess the trueness and precision discrepancies of the MIP captured using 4 IOSs at 3 different dental chair positions (0, 45, and 90 degrees).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Material and methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;A completely dentate patient participated in the study. Three groups were created based on the dental chair position at which the virtual occlusal records were obtained: 0, 45, and 90 degrees. Four IOSs were tested: i700, TRIOS 5, Primescan, and iTero Element 5D Plus. The i700 and TRIOS 5 had the capability of leaving or correcting the occlusal collisions (OC or Non-OC, respectively). Therefore, 6 subgroups were developed depending on the IOS tested and occlusal collision correction: i700-NonOC, i700-OC, TRIOS 5-NonOC, TRIOS 5-OC, Primescan, and iTero subgroups (n=15). Maxillary and mandibular scans were captured by using the corresponding IOS and duplicated 45 times for each IOS tested. In the 0-i700, 0-TRIOS 5, 0-Primescan, and 0-iTero subgroups, the patient was positioned completely horizontal in a dental chair. Then, a bilateral occlusal record at MIP was captured with the corresponding IOS. Each occlusal record contained 4 maxillary and 4 mandibular teeth. In the i700-NonOC and TRIOS 5-NonOC, the occlusal collisions were eliminated by using the corresponding IOS tools. In the i700-OC and TRIOS 5-OC, the occlusal collisions were maintained. Each IOS automatically postprocessed the articulated scans. The linear model was used to analyze trueness, and the Levene test was used to examine precision (α=.05).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The linear model revealed an overall significant effect in the trueness among the group (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;&lt;.001), IOS (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;&lt;.001) and subgroup (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;&lt;.001). The post hoc multiple pairwise comparison revealed that the Group 0 and Group 45 (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;&lt;.001) and Group 0 and Group 90 (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;&lt;.001) were significantly different. Furthermore, the i700 and TRIOS 5 (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;&lt;.001) and Primescan and iTero (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;&lt;.001) IOSs were significantly different. Lastly, the articulated scans with collisions and without collisions from the i700 and TRIOS 5 IOSs (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;&lt;.001) were significantly different. The Levene test revealed significant precision discrepancies among the groups (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;&lt;.001) and IOSs (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;&lt;.001). The Group 0 and Group 45 (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;&lt;.001) and Group 0 and Group 90 (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;&lt;.001) were significantly different. The","PeriodicalId":16866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry","volume":"135 3","pages":"Pages 563.e1-563.e6"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145355132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of 3D changes of 3Y, 4Y, and 5Y zirconia single crowns under different sintering protocols","authors":"Muhammad Saiful Noor Mohd BDS, MDS ,&nbsp;Keson Beng Choon Tan BDS, MDS ,&nbsp;Khim Hean Teoh BDS, MDS ,&nbsp;Christopher Eng Yew Quek BDS, MDS ,&nbsp;Frank Kong Fei Lee BDS, MDS","doi":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.10.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.10.019","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Statement of problem&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Different sintering protocols had been documented to affect the microstructure, grain size, mechanical, and optical properties, as well as the internal and marginal fit of zirconia prostheses. Yttria-partially stabilized zirconia (3Y-PSZ), 3Y; (4Y-PSZ), 4Y; and (5Y-PSZ), 5Y are indicated for different clinical scenarios, and, how different sintering protocols might affect their respective final dimensions is not well documented. The manufacturers’ disk-specific magnification factor does not distinguish between standard or rapid sintering, which may lead to changes in the final dimensions of prostheses.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Purpose&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The primary purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the 3-dimensional (3D) changes of 3Y, 4Y, and 5Y zirconia single crowns under standard and rapid sintering protocols. A secondary purpose was to assess whether the disk-specific magnification factor was applicable to both these sintering protocols.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Material and methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;A standardized complete ceramic crown preparation cast model was fabricated in cobalt chromium (Co-Cr) alloy to receive complete monolithic zirconia molar crowns made of 3Y (Zi; Amann Girrbach AG), 4Y (Zolid HT+; Amann Girrbach AG), and 5Y (Zolid FX; Amann Girrbach AG) zirconia. The crowns were milled from partially sintered zirconia disks and sintered using either standard or rapid sintering protocols. There were 6 experimental groups; 3S, 3R, 4S, 4R, 5S, 5R with a sample size of 15 for each group (n=15). The disk-specific magnification factor was also investigated for interaction with the sintering protocols. Clinical marginal fit was assessed, and the crowns were then scanned using an intraoral scanner (TRIOS 4; 3Shape A/S) to produce standard tessellation language (STL) files, which were imported into a 3D software system (Geomagic Control X; 3D Systems) to compare their 3D changes at the Overall (O), External (E), Intaglio Occlusal (IO), Intaglio Axial (IA), and Margins (M) segments. Color maps and root mean square (RMS) values were generated to measure their deviation from the control model. Two-way ANOVA with the Bonferroni post hoc test (α=.05) was used for both the primary purpose of comparing 3D changes of the 3Y, 4Y, and 5Y zirconia under standard and rapid sintering protocols and for the secondary purpose of assessing whether the disk-specific magnification factor was applicable to both these sintering protocols by assessing their interactions.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;All zirconia crowns had clinically acceptable marginal fit. For 3Y zirconia, the RMS was significantly lower under rapid sintering (15 ±2 µm) compared with standard sintering (27 ±2 µm) at the IO segment (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;&lt;.001) and significantly lower under rapid sintering (19 ±1 µm) compared with standard sintering (23 ±1 µm) at the IA segment (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;=.036). For 4Y zirconia, the RMS was significantly higher under rapid sintering (22 ","PeriodicalId":16866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry","volume":"135 3","pages":"Pages 613.e1-613.e11"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145401364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accuracy of 3-dimensional virtual patient representation using different digital integration techniques and four facial scanners: A clinical validation study","authors":"Panagiotis Ntovas DDS, MS ,&nbsp;Marta Revilla-León DDS, MSD, PhD ,&nbsp;Abdul B. Barmak MD, MS, EdD ,&nbsp;Junying Li DDS, MS, PhD ,&nbsp;Nikolaos Nikitas Giannakopoulos DDS, MS, PhD ,&nbsp;Efstratios Papazoglou DDS, MS, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.10.029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.10.029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Statement of problem</h3><div>Three-dimensional virtual patient representation (VPR) can facilitate the integration of facial references into treatment planning; however, the influence of different integration techniques and facial scanning technologies on the accuracy of the virtual representation remains unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>The purpose of this clinical validation study was to investigate the impact of facial scanning technology and integration technique on the accuracy of virtual patient representation.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>Intraoral scans were obtained from 40 participants. Four landmarks were placed on each participant’s face. Facial scans were acquired using 4 different devices: 3 professional face scanners (MetiSmile; Shinning3D, Morpheus3D; Morpheus3D and Rayface 200; Rayteams) and a smartphone using a face scanning application (QloneDental, EyeaCue). For each face scanner, 2 different techniques for creating a VPR by integrating facial and intraoral scans were tested, relying solely on the teeth and integration based on an extraoral scan body. Using a metrology software program, 26 linear measurements were made between the predefined landmarks on the face and 4 reference points on the participant’s teeth. The same interlandmark distances were measured manually on the actual participant with calipers to serve as control data. Data analysis included pairwise comparison tests using 2-way ANOVA (α=.05).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>For the facial measurements, the mean trueness ranged from 0.69 to 4.66 mm, while precision ranged from 0.58 to 3.68 mm. For dentofacial measurements, trueness ranged from 0.79 to 5.17 mm for tooth-based registration and from 1.13 to 3.22 mm for extraoral scan body registration. Precision ranged from 0.67 to 3.59 mm for tooth-based and from 0.75 to 3.54 mm for extraoral scan body registration. No significant differences in trueness or precision were found between the professional facial scanners (<em>P</em>&gt;.05). The smartphone-based facial scanner showed significantly lower trueness (3.70 µm) and precision (2.44 µm) compared with all other devices (<em>P</em>&lt;.05). Regarding digital integration techniques, statistically significant difference was observed between tooth-based and ESB-based registrations for only the smartphone-based face scanner (<em>P</em>&lt;.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The type of facial scanner significantly influenced both the accuracy of the face scan itself and the accuracy of VPR. Facial scanners can achieve similar accuracy levels, regardless of the underlying technology or scanning method. The use of an extraoral scan body improved accuracy only when used with smartphone-based facial scanners. While smartphone-based scanners offer a cost-effective solution, their accuracy in VPR remains inferior to that of professional facial scanning systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry","volume":"135 3","pages":"Pages 561.e1-561.e10"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145422015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A modified additive manufacturing injection molding technique for enhanced soft tissue management and cervical adaptation in anterior composite resin restorations","authors":"Rafat S. Amer BDS, MS ,&nbsp;Gretchen L. Smith BFA ,&nbsp;George R. Bauer DDS ,&nbsp;Daniel S. Clark BS ,&nbsp;Shereen S. Azer BDS, MSc, MS ,&nbsp;Leonardo M. Nassani DMD, MBA","doi":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.10.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.10.024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This dental technique describes a modification of the additive manufacturing injection molding (AMIM) technique for restoring maxillary anterior teeth, specifically addressing challenges in soft tissue management, guide stability, and cervical adaptation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry","volume":"135 3","pages":"Pages 448-452"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145445187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}