Statement of problem: Removable partial denture (RPD) planning traditionally involves the conventional assessment of the definitive cast using a dental surveyor. With technological advancements, digital workflows for RPDs have become more prevalent and are enhanced by digital planning software programs that allow digital surveying. However, comparisons of conventional and digital survey techniques are lacking.
Purpose: The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to compare the retentive areas on the buccal surfaces of abutment teeth obtained through digital and conventional survey methods.
Material and methods: Thirty-five abutment teeth were selected from 10 diagnostic casts for partially dentate individuals, encompassing all Kennedy classifications of both arches. A single examiner surveyed each diagnostic cast using digital and conventional techniques. The conventional surveys were performed with a mechanical surveyor using the Applegate method. For the digital survey, the stone casts were scanned using a laboratory scanner, and the exocad DentalCAD planning software program was used. The retentive areas located apical to the survey lines obtained with both methods were calculated using the Rhinoceros 3D engineering software program and were superimposed for comparison. Data normality was verified using the Shapiro-Wilk test, and the results were analyzed using the paired Student t test. The effects of the Kennedy classification of the partially edentulous dental arch casts, the tooth type, and the tooth position were tested for overlap of the methods using ANOVA (α=.05).
Results: The retentive areas on abutment teeth obtained with the conventional method were greater than those obtained digitally (P<.001). All digitally defined retention areas were contained within the greater conventionally defined areas.
Conclusions: Conventional and digital surveying methods provide different retentive areas. As areas acquired by the digital survey were smaller and restrained by those of the conventional method, the digital technique should be more able to accurately locate the RPD's retentive clasp terminus. Further studies are needed to verify such an assumption.
{"title":"Comparative analysis of retentive areas of removable partial denture abutment teeth obtained by digital and conventional survey techniques.","authors":"Francine Kagiza Angela da Costa, Guilherme Fantini Ferreira, Renata Blumer, Marcelo Corrêa Alves, Alexandre Rodrigues Freire, Renata Cunha Matheus Rodrigues Garcia","doi":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.03.034","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.03.034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Statement of problem: </strong>Removable partial denture (RPD) planning traditionally involves the conventional assessment of the definitive cast using a dental surveyor. With technological advancements, digital workflows for RPDs have become more prevalent and are enhanced by digital planning software programs that allow digital surveying. However, comparisons of conventional and digital survey techniques are lacking.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to compare the retentive areas on the buccal surfaces of abutment teeth obtained through digital and conventional survey methods.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Thirty-five abutment teeth were selected from 10 diagnostic casts for partially dentate individuals, encompassing all Kennedy classifications of both arches. A single examiner surveyed each diagnostic cast using digital and conventional techniques. The conventional surveys were performed with a mechanical surveyor using the Applegate method. For the digital survey, the stone casts were scanned using a laboratory scanner, and the exocad DentalCAD planning software program was used. The retentive areas located apical to the survey lines obtained with both methods were calculated using the Rhinoceros 3D engineering software program and were superimposed for comparison. Data normality was verified using the Shapiro-Wilk test, and the results were analyzed using the paired Student t test. The effects of the Kennedy classification of the partially edentulous dental arch casts, the tooth type, and the tooth position were tested for overlap of the methods using ANOVA (α=.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The retentive areas on abutment teeth obtained with the conventional method were greater than those obtained digitally (P<.001). All digitally defined retention areas were contained within the greater conventionally defined areas.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Conventional and digital surveying methods provide different retentive areas. As areas acquired by the digital survey were smaller and restrained by those of the conventional method, the digital technique should be more able to accurately locate the RPD's retentive clasp terminus. Further studies are needed to verify such an assumption.</p>","PeriodicalId":16866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":"384-389"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143999926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Statement of problem: Although women constitute an increasing share of the global dental workforce, they remain underrepresented in high-visibility academic roles such as invited speakers at major prosthodontic conferences.
Purpose: The purpose of this observational study was to investigate temporal and organizational trends in gender representation among invited speakers across 6 major prosthodontic conferences between 2010 and 2024.
Material and methods: The study was conducted by retrospectively reviewing 55 conference programs from 6 international prosthodontic organizations. Gender was determined through program data and online verification. Descriptive analyses were followed by a generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) using a binomial distribution and logit link to evaluate the effects of year, organization, and their interaction on female speaker representation (α=.05).
Results: Among 1177 invited speakers, only 16.5% were women. Descriptive trends showed no consistent increase over time. The GLMM revealed a significant decline in the odds of female speaker inclusion over the 15-year period (β=-0.158, P=.005). While overall disparities persisted, interaction effects indicated increasing female representation in the European Prosthodontic Association (β=+0.220, P=.030) and Academy of Prosthodontics (β=+0.139, P=.037).
Conclusions: Gender imbalance in academic visibility remains entrenched in prosthodontics. Although localized gains were observed, no organization consistently approached above 30% female participation. Structural inequities persist, and progress toward gender parity remains limited.
{"title":"Gender representation among invited speakers in major international prosthodontic conferences: A 15-year observational analysis.","authors":"Ozden Melis Durmaz Yilmaz, Ikbal Leblebicioglu Kurtulus","doi":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.09.028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.09.028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Statement of problem: </strong>Although women constitute an increasing share of the global dental workforce, they remain underrepresented in high-visibility academic roles such as invited speakers at major prosthodontic conferences.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this observational study was to investigate temporal and organizational trends in gender representation among invited speakers across 6 major prosthodontic conferences between 2010 and 2024.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study was conducted by retrospectively reviewing 55 conference programs from 6 international prosthodontic organizations. Gender was determined through program data and online verification. Descriptive analyses were followed by a generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) using a binomial distribution and logit link to evaluate the effects of year, organization, and their interaction on female speaker representation (α=.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 1177 invited speakers, only 16.5% were women. Descriptive trends showed no consistent increase over time. The GLMM revealed a significant decline in the odds of female speaker inclusion over the 15-year period (β=-0.158, P=.005). While overall disparities persisted, interaction effects indicated increasing female representation in the European Prosthodontic Association (β=+0.220, P=.030) and Academy of Prosthodontics (β=+0.139, P=.037).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Gender imbalance in academic visibility remains entrenched in prosthodontics. Although localized gains were observed, no organization consistently approached above 30% female participation. Structural inequities persist, and progress toward gender parity remains limited.</p>","PeriodicalId":16866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":"362.e1-362.e8"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145274903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-04-22DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.03.040
Alessio Casucci, Frauke Müller, Najla Chebib
This article presents an innovative workflow for fabricating monolithic complete dentures with a pink gingival-colored flange using 3-dimensional (3D) printing. The technique involves digital design, volume subtraction, and 3D printing of the prosthesis in 2 separate stages: a tooth-colored monolithic base and a pink gingival-colored flange. These components are assembled with high precision, ensuring superior esthetics while reducing time and material waste. The described method overcomes the assembly errors typical of conventional techniques and highlights the economic and practical advantages of integrating digital workflows with 3D printing technology.
{"title":"Three-dimensional printing of monolithic dentures with pink gingival-colored flanges: A step-by-step dental laboratory technique.","authors":"Alessio Casucci, Frauke Müller, Najla Chebib","doi":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.03.040","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.03.040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article presents an innovative workflow for fabricating monolithic complete dentures with a pink gingival-colored flange using 3-dimensional (3D) printing. The technique involves digital design, volume subtraction, and 3D printing of the prosthesis in 2 separate stages: a tooth-colored monolithic base and a pink gingival-colored flange. These components are assembled with high precision, ensuring superior esthetics while reducing time and material waste. The described method overcomes the assembly errors typical of conventional techniques and highlights the economic and practical advantages of integrating digital workflows with 3D printing technology.</p>","PeriodicalId":16866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":"261-264"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144015600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-05-08DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.04.018
Hina Zafar Raja, Muhammad Nasir Saleem
A nasal impression assembly and its impression technique (ProNasale'; SciArt Solutions) is presented. It is an affordable, stock item designed to record unilateral or bilateral and intranasal and/or extra-nasal impression(s) for the manual or digital construction of nasal prostheses, the creation of nasal digital libraries, and the estimation of nasal dimensions in otolaryngology and maxillofacial surgery.
{"title":"A nasal impression assembly and method of nasal measuring and imprinting.","authors":"Hina Zafar Raja, Muhammad Nasir Saleem","doi":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.04.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.04.018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A nasal impression assembly and its impression technique (ProNasale'; SciArt Solutions) is presented. It is an affordable, stock item designed to record unilateral or bilateral and intranasal and/or extra-nasal impression(s) for the manual or digital construction of nasal prostheses, the creation of nasal digital libraries, and the estimation of nasal dimensions in otolaryngology and maxillofacial surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":16866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":"415-419"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144008248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-10-14DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.09.008
Alvaro Limones, Dean Morton, Alessandro Sallorenzo, Wei-Shao Lin, Ramtin Sadid-Zadeh, Kamolphob Phasuk, Marta Revilla-León, Miguel Gómez-Polo
<p><strong>Statement of problem: </strong>How much operator experience influences intraoral digital scanning outcomes is unclear, as previous studies have shown inconsistent results.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression was to answer the following 2 complementary research questions based on the population, intervention, comparison, outcomes, and study design (PICOS) framework: in intraoral scanning of dentate, partially edentulous, or completely edentulous patients, with or without dental implants, can differences be found between inexperienced and experienced operators, and can differences be found before and after receiving training sessions when assessing accuracy in in vitro studies, as well as in scanning time and patient satisfaction in randomized and nonrandomized controlled clinical trials (CCTs)?</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Three databases (Embase, Medline, and The Cochrane Library) were systematically searched from their inception to March 2025 to identify studies addressing the PICOS questions. Risk of bias (RoB) was assessed using the ROB 2.0, ROBINS-I, and QUIN tools. The primary outcome measure was scanning trueness. Secondary outcomes included precision, scanning time, and patient satisfaction. Data were pooled and analyzed using mean differences (MDs) and prediction intervals (PIs) when significant heterogeneity was observed (P<.05). Subgroup analyses were conducted, when possible, based on clinical situation (dentate, partial edentulous, edentulous, single implant, 2 implants, and complete arch implant-supported prostheses), scan extension (sextant, half or complete arch impression), outcome measurement (root mean square, linear and angular deviation), and operator experience. A meta-regression was performed on the year of the scanner's market release, intraoral scanner (IOS), clinical situation, arch (maxilla and mandible), and outcome measurement to explore sources of heterogeneity. The certainty of the evidence (CE) was assessed using the GRADE system.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Inexperienced operators showed lower trueness (MD 2.51 µm [95% CI:.16 to 4.86]; P=.04; 8 in vitro studies; 720 scans on casts; CE: low), no difference in precision (MD -1.23 µm [95% CI: -4.97 to 2.50]; P=.52; 3 in vitro studies; 280 scans on casts; CE: low), longer scanning time (MD 40.95 seconds [95% CI: 17.10 to 64.80]; P<.001; 3 controlled clinical trials; 180 scans on patients; CE: low), and provided less patient satisfaction (visual analog scale: MD -12.69% [95% CI: -20.96 to -4.42]; P<.001; 1 controlled clinical trial; 40 scans on patients; CE: very low) compared with experienced operator. After training, operators showed better trueness (MD -19.22 µm [95% CI: -26.29 to -12.15]; P<.001; 2 in vitro studies; 120 scans on casts; CE: low), no change in precision (MD 0.34 µm [95% CI: -1.26 to 1.93]; P=.68; 1 in vitro study; 40 scans on casts; CE: very low), and
{"title":"Impact of operator experience on intraoral digital scanning: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression. Report of the Committee on Research in Fixed Prosthodontics of the American Academy of Fixed Prosthodontics.","authors":"Alvaro Limones, Dean Morton, Alessandro Sallorenzo, Wei-Shao Lin, Ramtin Sadid-Zadeh, Kamolphob Phasuk, Marta Revilla-León, Miguel Gómez-Polo","doi":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.09.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.09.008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Statement of problem: </strong>How much operator experience influences intraoral digital scanning outcomes is unclear, as previous studies have shown inconsistent results.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression was to answer the following 2 complementary research questions based on the population, intervention, comparison, outcomes, and study design (PICOS) framework: in intraoral scanning of dentate, partially edentulous, or completely edentulous patients, with or without dental implants, can differences be found between inexperienced and experienced operators, and can differences be found before and after receiving training sessions when assessing accuracy in in vitro studies, as well as in scanning time and patient satisfaction in randomized and nonrandomized controlled clinical trials (CCTs)?</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Three databases (Embase, Medline, and The Cochrane Library) were systematically searched from their inception to March 2025 to identify studies addressing the PICOS questions. Risk of bias (RoB) was assessed using the ROB 2.0, ROBINS-I, and QUIN tools. The primary outcome measure was scanning trueness. Secondary outcomes included precision, scanning time, and patient satisfaction. Data were pooled and analyzed using mean differences (MDs) and prediction intervals (PIs) when significant heterogeneity was observed (P<.05). Subgroup analyses were conducted, when possible, based on clinical situation (dentate, partial edentulous, edentulous, single implant, 2 implants, and complete arch implant-supported prostheses), scan extension (sextant, half or complete arch impression), outcome measurement (root mean square, linear and angular deviation), and operator experience. A meta-regression was performed on the year of the scanner's market release, intraoral scanner (IOS), clinical situation, arch (maxilla and mandible), and outcome measurement to explore sources of heterogeneity. The certainty of the evidence (CE) was assessed using the GRADE system.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Inexperienced operators showed lower trueness (MD 2.51 µm [95% CI:.16 to 4.86]; P=.04; 8 in vitro studies; 720 scans on casts; CE: low), no difference in precision (MD -1.23 µm [95% CI: -4.97 to 2.50]; P=.52; 3 in vitro studies; 280 scans on casts; CE: low), longer scanning time (MD 40.95 seconds [95% CI: 17.10 to 64.80]; P<.001; 3 controlled clinical trials; 180 scans on patients; CE: low), and provided less patient satisfaction (visual analog scale: MD -12.69% [95% CI: -20.96 to -4.42]; P<.001; 1 controlled clinical trial; 40 scans on patients; CE: very low) compared with experienced operator. After training, operators showed better trueness (MD -19.22 µm [95% CI: -26.29 to -12.15]; P<.001; 2 in vitro studies; 120 scans on casts; CE: low), no change in precision (MD 0.34 µm [95% CI: -1.26 to 1.93]; P=.68; 1 in vitro study; 40 scans on casts; CE: very low), and ","PeriodicalId":16866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":"297.e1-297.e13"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145301711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Statement of problem: Existing evidence suggests that conventional and bulk-fill resin composites (RCs) do not fully restore the physiological fracture resistance of teeth with extensive MOD cavities, leaving posterior restorations susceptible to bulk fracture, particularly in structurally compromised or endodontically treated teeth. Whether short fiber-reinforced resin-based composites (SFRCs) can address these limitations and improve fracture resistance remains unclear.
Purpose: The purpose of this systematic review and network meta-analysis was to evaluate the fracture resistance of extensive direct restorations restored with SFRCs, either as a single component or combined with other materials, compared with bulk-fill RCs, conventional RC, and intact teeth.
Material and methods: A systematic search was conducted in the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases for studies published through July 2025. In vitro studies evaluating fracture resistance in MOD cavities restored with SFRC compared with other restorative techniques were included. A random-effects network meta-analysis was performed using standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Heterogeneity (I² and τ²) and inconsistency were assessed using node-splitting and loop inconsistency models. The confidence in the results was evaluated using the confidence in network meta-analysis (CINeMA) framework.
Results: Thirty studies met the inclusion criteria. SFRC with overlay materials demonstrated significantly higher fracture resistance than conventional RC (SMD=1.30; 95% CI: 0.50 to 2.09) but not significantly higher than bulk-fill RC (SMD=0.81; 95% CI:-0.26 to 1.88). SFRC alone also showed greater resistance than conventional RC (SMD=2.12; 95% CI:0.22 to 4.03). Notably, no statistically significant difference was found between SFRC alone and intact teeth (SMD=-0.74; 95% CI:-2.64 to 1.16). Confidence in comparisons ranged from low to moderate, primarily associated with concerns regarding imprecision and heterogeneity. Intact teeth exhibited the highest fracture resistance across all conditions (SUCRA: 95.5%).
Conclusions: SFRCs exhibited better fracture resistance compared with conventional RCs, while no significant difference was observed between SFRC-based restorations and bulk-fill RCs. SFRCs may serve as a clinically suitable alternative for extensive restorations. Future research should focus on optimizing material combinations and addressing methodological variability in in vitro studies.
{"title":"Effect of short fiber-reinforced resin-based composite on fracture resistance of extensive direct restorations: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.","authors":"Kornchanok Wayakanon, Potjaman Totiam, Supawadee Naorungroj","doi":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.09.034","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.09.034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Statement of problem: </strong>Existing evidence suggests that conventional and bulk-fill resin composites (RCs) do not fully restore the physiological fracture resistance of teeth with extensive MOD cavities, leaving posterior restorations susceptible to bulk fracture, particularly in structurally compromised or endodontically treated teeth. Whether short fiber-reinforced resin-based composites (SFRCs) can address these limitations and improve fracture resistance remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this systematic review and network meta-analysis was to evaluate the fracture resistance of extensive direct restorations restored with SFRCs, either as a single component or combined with other materials, compared with bulk-fill RCs, conventional RC, and intact teeth.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A systematic search was conducted in the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases for studies published through July 2025. In vitro studies evaluating fracture resistance in MOD cavities restored with SFRC compared with other restorative techniques were included. A random-effects network meta-analysis was performed using standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Heterogeneity (I² and τ²) and inconsistency were assessed using node-splitting and loop inconsistency models. The confidence in the results was evaluated using the confidence in network meta-analysis (CINeMA) framework.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty studies met the inclusion criteria. SFRC with overlay materials demonstrated significantly higher fracture resistance than conventional RC (SMD=1.30; 95% CI: 0.50 to 2.09) but not significantly higher than bulk-fill RC (SMD=0.81; 95% CI:-0.26 to 1.88). SFRC alone also showed greater resistance than conventional RC (SMD=2.12; 95% CI:0.22 to 4.03). Notably, no statistically significant difference was found between SFRC alone and intact teeth (SMD=-0.74; 95% CI:-2.64 to 1.16). Confidence in comparisons ranged from low to moderate, primarily associated with concerns regarding imprecision and heterogeneity. Intact teeth exhibited the highest fracture resistance across all conditions (SUCRA: 95.5%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>SFRCs exhibited better fracture resistance compared with conventional RCs, while no significant difference was observed between SFRC-based restorations and bulk-fill RCs. SFRCs may serve as a clinically suitable alternative for extensive restorations. Future research should focus on optimizing material combinations and addressing methodological variability in in vitro studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":16866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":"277.e1-277.e13"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145274981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-10-16DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.10.006
Tim Hausdörfer, Silke Kükemück, Felix Marschner, Jana Biermann, Philipp Kanzow, Annette Wiegand, Clemens Lechte
Statement of problem: The use of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) in restorative dentistry requires instruction and training. Given the increasing product diversity and limited availability of in-person instruction and support, it is unclear if alternative training methods are beneficial.
Purpose: The purpose of this randomized controlled trial was to analyze the use of smart glasses for remote or virtual instruction of digital scanning and crown design by using a CAD software program and to compare working time and quality of treatment with in-person instruction and with no instruction.
Material and methods: Sixty-six participants received an introduction to the use of an intraoral scanner and a CAD software program and were then randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups, in-person instruction (n=16), remote instruction via smart glasses (n=16), virtual instruction (slidecast) via smart glasses (n=16), or control (no instruction, n=18). All participants made a digital scan of a training model, followed by the design of a ceramic crown. Total working time, as well as the quality of the scan, the virtual cast, and the crown design, were assessed. Additionally, self-rated knowledge gain, usability of the smart glasses as assessed by the System Usability Scale (SUS) and the overall satisfaction within each intervention group were assessed. Statistical analysis was performed by Welch ANOVA followed by post hoc tests, Kruskal-Wallis tests followed by post hoc tests, and the t test (α=.05).
Results: Remote instruction (26.2 ±5.9 minutes) and in-person instruction (25.3 ±3.9), but not virtual instruction (32.7 ±5.1) significantly reduced the time need compared to the control (32.6 ±9.4 minutes, P≤.041). Quality of performance was not significantly different among groups (P≥.055). Self-rated knowledge after the CAD-CAM training did not differ among groups (P=.723) and overall satisfaction was higher for remote and in-person instructions than virtual instruction (Padj.<.001), but did not differ between both (Padj.=.579). SUS was not significantly different for remote compared to virtual instruction (P=.174).
Conclusions: Remote supervision via smart glasses was found to be comparable to in-person supervision in terms of time requirements and workflow quality.
{"title":"The use of smart glasses for remote or virtual instruction in CAD-CAM dentistry: A randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Tim Hausdörfer, Silke Kükemück, Felix Marschner, Jana Biermann, Philipp Kanzow, Annette Wiegand, Clemens Lechte","doi":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.10.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.10.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Statement of problem: </strong>The use of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) in restorative dentistry requires instruction and training. Given the increasing product diversity and limited availability of in-person instruction and support, it is unclear if alternative training methods are beneficial.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this randomized controlled trial was to analyze the use of smart glasses for remote or virtual instruction of digital scanning and crown design by using a CAD software program and to compare working time and quality of treatment with in-person instruction and with no instruction.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Sixty-six participants received an introduction to the use of an intraoral scanner and a CAD software program and were then randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups, in-person instruction (n=16), remote instruction via smart glasses (n=16), virtual instruction (slidecast) via smart glasses (n=16), or control (no instruction, n=18). All participants made a digital scan of a training model, followed by the design of a ceramic crown. Total working time, as well as the quality of the scan, the virtual cast, and the crown design, were assessed. Additionally, self-rated knowledge gain, usability of the smart glasses as assessed by the System Usability Scale (SUS) and the overall satisfaction within each intervention group were assessed. Statistical analysis was performed by Welch ANOVA followed by post hoc tests, Kruskal-Wallis tests followed by post hoc tests, and the t test (α=.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Remote instruction (26.2 ±5.9 minutes) and in-person instruction (25.3 ±3.9), but not virtual instruction (32.7 ±5.1) significantly reduced the time need compared to the control (32.6 ±9.4 minutes, P≤.041). Quality of performance was not significantly different among groups (P≥.055). Self-rated knowledge after the CAD-CAM training did not differ among groups (P=.723) and overall satisfaction was higher for remote and in-person instructions than virtual instruction (P<sub>adj.</sub><.001), but did not differ between both (P<sub>adj.</sub>=.579). SUS was not significantly different for remote compared to virtual instruction (P=.174).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Remote supervision via smart glasses was found to be comparable to in-person supervision in terms of time requirements and workflow quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":16866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":"393.e1-393.e6"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145313125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-10-13DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.09.029
Camilo Pulido, Camila Falconí-Páez, Paulina Aliaga-Sancho, Cesar Augusto Galvão Arrais
Statement of problem: Evidence regarding the mechanical properties of 3-dimensionally (3D) printed and computer-aided design and computer-assisted manufacturing (CAD-CAM) composite materials is limited. A better understanding of how these materials perform under aging conditions will help clinicians make more informed decisions when selecting materials for specific clinical scenarios.
Purpose: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate and compare the effect of aging on flexural strength (FS), modulus of elasticity (E), and Vickers hardness (VHN) of 3D printed and milled materials.
Material and methods: Bar-shaped specimens (n=20, 14×2×2 mm) and disk-shaped specimens (n=10, Ø15×3 mm) were fabricated using 3D printed materials (Varseosmile Crown Plus; BEGO (VSC), Crowntec; Saremco Print (CWT), Biocrown; Prizma (BCN), Ceramic Crown; SprintRay (CCN), and Voxel Print; FGM (VXP)) and milled materials (Cerasmart; GC (CSM), Brilliant Crios; Coltène (BCR), and Enamic; Vita (ENA)). Half of the specimens (both bar and disk-shaped) were thermocycled for10 000 cycles between 5 and 55 °C. A 3-point bend test was used to measure FS (MPa), and E (GPa). VHN was assessed with a load of 4.9 N and a dwell time of 20 seconds. Data were analyzed using 2-way ANOVA followed by the Bonferroni post hoc test (α=.05).
Results: Aging had a negative impact on the FS, E, and VHN values of 3D printed and milled materials. From milled materials, just ENA presented FS values significantly lower after aging (P<.001). The highest and lowest FS values were found in BCR and BCN, respectively (193.6 ±6.7 and 108.4 ±11.3) in the nonaging groups. ENA showed the highest E values (10.2 ±0.9 and 12.4 ±1.1) for both aging and nonaging groups (P<.001). For VHN, ENA showed the highest value (132.3 ±6.1) in the nonaging group (P<.001). Milled materials showed higher E and VHN values than 3D printed ones.
Conclusions: The fabrication method may affect the mechanical properties. The 3D printed materials exhibited lower mechanical properties than milled materials, though thermocycling adversely affected all materials, particularly ENA among the milled materials.
{"title":"Three-dimensionally printed and milled composite materials for definitive restorations. Part 1: Effect of aging on the mechanical properties.","authors":"Camilo Pulido, Camila Falconí-Páez, Paulina Aliaga-Sancho, Cesar Augusto Galvão Arrais","doi":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.09.029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.09.029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Statement of problem: </strong>Evidence regarding the mechanical properties of 3-dimensionally (3D) printed and computer-aided design and computer-assisted manufacturing (CAD-CAM) composite materials is limited. A better understanding of how these materials perform under aging conditions will help clinicians make more informed decisions when selecting materials for specific clinical scenarios.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate and compare the effect of aging on flexural strength (FS), modulus of elasticity (E), and Vickers hardness (VHN) of 3D printed and milled materials.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Bar-shaped specimens (n=20, 14×2×2 mm) and disk-shaped specimens (n=10, Ø15×3 mm) were fabricated using 3D printed materials (Varseosmile Crown Plus; BEGO (VSC), Crowntec; Saremco Print (CWT), Biocrown; Prizma (BCN), Ceramic Crown; SprintRay (CCN), and Voxel Print; FGM (VXP)) and milled materials (Cerasmart; GC (CSM), Brilliant Crios; Coltène (BCR), and Enamic; Vita (ENA)). Half of the specimens (both bar and disk-shaped) were thermocycled for10 000 cycles between 5 and 55 °C. A 3-point bend test was used to measure FS (MPa), and E (GPa). VHN was assessed with a load of 4.9 N and a dwell time of 20 seconds. Data were analyzed using 2-way ANOVA followed by the Bonferroni post hoc test (α=.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Aging had a negative impact on the FS, E, and VHN values of 3D printed and milled materials. From milled materials, just ENA presented FS values significantly lower after aging (P<.001). The highest and lowest FS values were found in BCR and BCN, respectively (193.6 ±6.7 and 108.4 ±11.3) in the nonaging groups. ENA showed the highest E values (10.2 ±0.9 and 12.4 ±1.1) for both aging and nonaging groups (P<.001). For VHN, ENA showed the highest value (132.3 ±6.1) in the nonaging group (P<.001). Milled materials showed higher E and VHN values than 3D printed ones.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The fabrication method may affect the mechanical properties. The 3D printed materials exhibited lower mechanical properties than milled materials, though thermocycling adversely affected all materials, particularly ENA among the milled materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":16866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":"372.e1-372.e7"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145292521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-10-10DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.09.005
Balavignesh Senthilvel Palani, Manu Rathee, Sarthak Singh Tomar, Shefali Singla
Statement of problem: Immediate loading of dental implants in the esthetic zone combines implant placement and the interim restoration in a single stage, addressing the demand for reduced treatment duration and enhanced outcomes. The impact of prosthetic workflows, traditional versus digital, on marginal bone loss, esthetic success, and patient satisfaction remains unclear.
Purpose: The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to compare the clinical and patient-centered outcomes of traditional versus digital prosthetic workflows in the immediate loading of implants in the esthetic zone, focusing on marginal bone loss, esthetic outcomes, and patient satisfaction.
Material and methods: Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines, randomized controlled trials and non-randomized comparative studies published between January 2015 and January 2025 were identified through searches in the PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Scopus databases. Studies reporting on marginal bone loss, Pink and White Esthetic Scores, and patient satisfaction for immediate implant loading were included. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed the risk of bias. A qualitative and quantitative synthesis of findings was conducted. Review Manager (RevMan) was used to conduct the meta-analysis. The results were presented with a 95% confidence interval (CI), and the mean difference (MD) was calculated as the summary statistic for continuous outcomes.
Results: Four studies, comprising 2 randomized controlled trials and 2 non-randomized prospective studies, satisfied the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis showed a non-significant trend favoring digital workflows for patient satisfaction (SMD: 0.26, 95% CI: -0.01 to 0.53; P=.06, I²=0%). Digital workflows demonstrated significant improvements in esthetic outcomes, with higher Pink Esthetic Scores (MD: 0.14, 95% CI: 0.05 to 0.24; P=.003, I²=17%) and White Esthetic Scores (MD: 0.09, 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.17; P=.02, I²=0%). Marginal bone loss was significantly reduced with digital workflows (MD:-0.08, 95% CI: -0.15 to -0.01; P=.02, I²=0%), indicating superior precision compared to conventional workflows.
Conclusions: Digital workflows for implant placement showed significant advantages in esthetic outcomes and less marginal bone loss, with a trend toward higher patient satisfaction. These findings support the growing adoption of digital workflows in clinical dental practice.
{"title":"Clinical outcomes of traditional versus digital prosthetic workflows following immediate loading of implants in esthetic zone: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Balavignesh Senthilvel Palani, Manu Rathee, Sarthak Singh Tomar, Shefali Singla","doi":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.09.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.09.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Statement of problem: </strong>Immediate loading of dental implants in the esthetic zone combines implant placement and the interim restoration in a single stage, addressing the demand for reduced treatment duration and enhanced outcomes. The impact of prosthetic workflows, traditional versus digital, on marginal bone loss, esthetic success, and patient satisfaction remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to compare the clinical and patient-centered outcomes of traditional versus digital prosthetic workflows in the immediate loading of implants in the esthetic zone, focusing on marginal bone loss, esthetic outcomes, and patient satisfaction.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines, randomized controlled trials and non-randomized comparative studies published between January 2015 and January 2025 were identified through searches in the PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Scopus databases. Studies reporting on marginal bone loss, Pink and White Esthetic Scores, and patient satisfaction for immediate implant loading were included. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed the risk of bias. A qualitative and quantitative synthesis of findings was conducted. Review Manager (RevMan) was used to conduct the meta-analysis. The results were presented with a 95% confidence interval (CI), and the mean difference (MD) was calculated as the summary statistic for continuous outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four studies, comprising 2 randomized controlled trials and 2 non-randomized prospective studies, satisfied the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis showed a non-significant trend favoring digital workflows for patient satisfaction (SMD: 0.26, 95% CI: -0.01 to 0.53; P=.06, I²=0%). Digital workflows demonstrated significant improvements in esthetic outcomes, with higher Pink Esthetic Scores (MD: 0.14, 95% CI: 0.05 to 0.24; P=.003, I²=17%) and White Esthetic Scores (MD: 0.09, 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.17; P=.02, I²=0%). Marginal bone loss was significantly reduced with digital workflows (MD:-0.08, 95% CI: -0.15 to -0.01; P=.02, I²=0%), indicating superior precision compared to conventional workflows.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Digital workflows for implant placement showed significant advantages in esthetic outcomes and less marginal bone loss, with a trend toward higher patient satisfaction. These findings support the growing adoption of digital workflows in clinical dental practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":16866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":"286.e1-286.e9"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145274955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-10-04DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.09.011
Chi-Ching Chang, Jennifer Chang, Anthony Osborne, Ali Mahmood Shaki Al Hatem, Edward Chaoho Chien, Daniel Wismeijer, Chun-Teh Lee
Statement of problem: Clinicians aim to restore dental implants with contours that replicate the natural crown. However, evidence directly comparing the emergence angles of posterior implant-supported fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) with those of natural crowns is lacking, and the influence of FDP emergence angles on peri-implant bone loss remains inconclusive.
Purpose: The purpose of this retrospective clinical study was to compare the emergence angles of posterior implant-supported FDPs with those of natural crowns and to evaluate the effect of prosthesis contours on peri-implant bone stability.
Material and methods: Clinical records and periapical radiographs of patients with posterior single implants and with at least a 6-month follow-up after definitive restorations were evaluated. Edentulous space width (ESW), implant placement depth (IPD), mesial and distal emergence angles (EAs) of the natural teeth (EATooth), implant abutments (EAAb), and implant-supported crowns (EARes, EAResAb) were measured. Pearson correlation analysis was performed to evaluate the correlations between the implant emergence angles and the ratio of the edentulous space to implant diameter (ESW/∅). The suggested implant placement depth was proposed for different implant diameters based on ideal emergence angles. Univariate binary logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the effects of prosthesis contour and other variables on marginal bone stability (α=.050).
Results: Eighty-nine implants of 75 participants were included. Overall, the EAs of implant-supported crowns (EARes, EAResAb) were significantly greater than those of EATooth (P<.05). The EARes and EAResAb were positively correlated with ESW/∅ (P<.05), and EARes was negatively correlated with IPD (P<.05). The suggested implant placement depths at molars were generally greater than at premolars. The emergence angles were not significantly associated with peri-implant marginal bone stability (P>.05).
Conclusions: The emergence angles of posterior implant-supported FDPs were greater than those of the natural tooth. The difference was more pronounced in molar sites than in premolar sites. However, the contour of an implant-supported FDP was not associated with peri-implant bone level change.
{"title":"Emergence angles of posterior implant-supported fixed dental prostheses and their effect on peri-implant bone loss: A retrospective clinical study.","authors":"Chi-Ching Chang, Jennifer Chang, Anthony Osborne, Ali Mahmood Shaki Al Hatem, Edward Chaoho Chien, Daniel Wismeijer, Chun-Teh Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.09.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.09.011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Statement of problem: </strong>Clinicians aim to restore dental implants with contours that replicate the natural crown. However, evidence directly comparing the emergence angles of posterior implant-supported fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) with those of natural crowns is lacking, and the influence of FDP emergence angles on peri-implant bone loss remains inconclusive.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this retrospective clinical study was to compare the emergence angles of posterior implant-supported FDPs with those of natural crowns and to evaluate the effect of prosthesis contours on peri-implant bone stability.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Clinical records and periapical radiographs of patients with posterior single implants and with at least a 6-month follow-up after definitive restorations were evaluated. Edentulous space width (ESW), implant placement depth (IPD), mesial and distal emergence angles (EAs) of the natural teeth (EA<sub>Tooth</sub>), implant abutments (EA<sub>Ab</sub>), and implant-supported crowns (EA<sub>Res</sub>, EA<sub>ResAb</sub>) were measured. Pearson correlation analysis was performed to evaluate the correlations between the implant emergence angles and the ratio of the edentulous space to implant diameter (ESW/∅). The suggested implant placement depth was proposed for different implant diameters based on ideal emergence angles. Univariate binary logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the effects of prosthesis contour and other variables on marginal bone stability (α=.050).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eighty-nine implants of 75 participants were included. Overall, the EAs of implant-supported crowns (EA<sub>Res</sub>, EA<sub>ResAb</sub>) were significantly greater than those of EA<sub>Tooth</sub> (P<.05). The EA<sub>Res</sub> and EA<sub>ResAb</sub> were positively correlated with ESW/∅ (P<.05), and EA<sub>Res</sub> was negatively correlated with IPD (P<.05). The suggested implant placement depths at molars were generally greater than at premolars. The emergence angles were not significantly associated with peri-implant marginal bone stability (P>.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The emergence angles of posterior implant-supported FDPs were greater than those of the natural tooth. The difference was more pronounced in molar sites than in premolar sites. However, the contour of an implant-supported FDP was not associated with peri-implant bone level change.</p>","PeriodicalId":16866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":"340.e1-340.e10"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145232856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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