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Effect of a Mixed Fermented Loquat Leaf Tea By-Product on the Growth Performance and Meat Quality of Tsushima-Jidori Crossbred Chicken. 混合发酵枇杷叶茶副产品对对马-日道杂交鸡生长性能和肉质的影响
IF 1.8 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-10-25 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.2024024
Shogo Matsunaga, Satoru Fukagawa, Kiriko Nakamura, Akira Ohtsuka, Daichi Ijiri

In the present study, the effects of dietary supplementation with a mixed fermented loquat leaf tea residue (MFL) were evaluated on muscle α-tocopherol concentration and drip loss of Tsushima-Jidori crossbred chicken. MFL contained significantly less β-carotene, α-tocopherol, and total catechin than that of residues of green tea leaf infusion, although total polyphenol was significantly higher and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging activity tended to be higher, indicating increased antioxidant properties. A total of 120 male Tsushima-Jidori crossbred chickens were divided into two groups at 62 days of age. The control group was fed a basal diet (commercial finisher diet containing 16.5% crude protein and 12.77 MJ/kg metabolizable energy) and the test group was fed a basal diet supplemented with MFL at a concentration of 1.0% until 90 days of age. Body mass, body mass gain, feed intake, and tissue mass did not significantly differ between the two groups. Dietary supplementation with MFL significantly increased breast muscle α-tocopherol concentration and reduced muscle drip loss. This was accompanied by a lower muscle K-value, which indicated the freshness of the meat. These results suggested that dietary supplementation with MFL improved the shelf life and water-holding capacity of breast muscles of Tsushima-Jidori crossbred chickens.

本研究评估了日粮中添加混合发酵枇杷叶茶渣(MFL)对津岛-日本杂交鸡肌肉中α-生育酚浓度和滴水损失的影响。尽管茶叶渣中的β-胡萝卜素、α-生育酚和儿茶素总量明显低于绿茶浸泡液,但茶多酚总量明显高于绿茶浸泡液,1,1-二苯基-2-苦基肼自由基清除活性也高于绿茶浸泡液,这表明茶叶渣具有更强的抗氧化性。将 120 只 62 日龄的津岛-日道杂交雄鸡分为两组。对照组饲喂基础日粮(含 16.5% 粗蛋白和 12.77 兆焦/千克代谢能的商业育成日粮),试验组在基础日粮中添加浓度为 1.0% 的 MFL,直至 90 日龄。两组之间的体重、体重增加、采食量和组织质量没有显著差异。膳食中添加 MFL 能显著提高胸肌中的α-生育酚浓度,减少肌肉滴水损失。同时,肌肉的 K 值也降低了,这表明肉的新鲜度提高了。这些结果表明,膳食中添加 MFL 可提高对岛-日本杂交鸡胸肌的保质期和持水能力。
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引用次数: 0
Erratum: Egg Quality, Sensory Attributes, and Protein Metabolites of Laying Hens Fed Whole Flaxseed, Fish Oil, and Different Sources of Trace Elements. 勘误:产蛋鸡饲喂全亚麻籽、鱼油和不同来源微量元素的鸡蛋质量、感官特征和蛋白质代谢物
IF 1.8 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-08-31 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.2024023
Youssef Attia, Ahmed A Al Sagan, El-Sayed O S Hussein, Marai J Olal, Tarek A Ebeid, Abdulaziz A Alabdullatif, Rashed A Alhotan, Gamaleldin M Suliman, Mohammed M Qaid, Vincenzo Tufarelli, Heba A Shehta, Marco Ragni

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.2024021.].

[此处更正了文章 DOI:10.2141/jpsa.2024021]。
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引用次数: 0
Association between Temperament and Stress-related Gene Expression in Day-old Chickens. 雏鸡性情与应激相关基因表达之间的关系
IF 1.8 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-08-10 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.2024022
Akira Ishikawa, Tomoka Takanuma, Norikazu Hashimoto, Masaoki Tsudzuki

Stress in day-old chickens from commercial hatcheries is associated with problematic behavior in adult animals. Recently, we developed a new behavioral handling test for day-old chickens and demonstrated that it assessed temperament differences between seven breeds of native Japanese and Western chickens. In this study, we used 2-day-old male chicks from five of the above breeds to investigate the relationship between temperament and mRNA levels of three stress-related genes (nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1 (NR3C1), cytochrome P450 family 11 subfamily A member 1, and hydroxy-delta-5-steroid dehydrogenase, 3 beta- and steroid delta-isomerase 1) involved in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Principal component analysis of 10 behavioral traits for the handling test revealed that the Fayoumi breed and Hiroshima line of the Chabo breed, both of which exhibited boisterous temperament, clustered separately from the other breeds. Only NR3C1 expression showed a significant positive correlation with two behavioral traits (general vocalization and approaching the wall), and a negative correlation with movement. These results suggest that the complex temperament of day-old chickens is regulated, in part, by stress-related genes along the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.

来自商业孵化场的鸡苗受到的压力与成年鸡的问题行为有关。最近,我们为鸡苗开发了一种新的行为处理测试,并证明它能评估七个日本本土鸡种和西方鸡种之间的性情差异。在本研究中,我们用上述五个品种的 2 日龄雄性雏鸡研究了性情与涉及下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴的三个应激相关基因(核受体 3 亚家族 C 组 1 (NR3C1)、细胞色素 P450 家族 11 亚家族 A 组 1 和羟基-δ-5-类固醇脱氢酶、3 β-和类固醇δ-异构酶 1)的 mRNA 水平之间的关系。对操作试验的 10 个行为特征进行主成分分析后发现,法尤米品种和夏波品种的广岛品系都表现出暴躁的性情,它们与其他品种分开聚类。只有 NR3C1 表达与两个行为特征(一般发声和靠近墙壁)呈显著正相关,而与运动呈负相关。这些结果表明,日龄鸡的复杂性情部分受下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴的应激相关基因调控。
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引用次数: 0
Egg Quality, Sensory Attributes, and Protein Metabolites of Laying Hens Fed Whole Flaxseed, Fish Oil, and Different Sources of Trace Elements. 饲喂全亚麻籽、鱼油和不同微量元素来源的蛋鸡的鸡蛋质量、感官特征和蛋白质代谢物
IF 1.8 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-06-27 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.2024021
Youssef Attia, Ahmed A Al Sagan, El-Sayed O S Hussein, Marai J Olal, Tarek A Ebeid, Abdulaziz A Alabdullatif, Rashed A Alhotan, Gamaleldin M Suliman, Mohammed M Qaid, Vincenzo Tufarelli, Heba A Shehta, Marco Ragni

This study evaluated the effects of whole flaxseed (WFS), fish oil (FO), and different sources of Se, Zn, and Fe (inorganic, organic, and nano-source) on egg production, quality, sensory attributes, and serum protein metabolites in laying hens. A total of 144 hens were divided into six groups with six replicates of four hens each. Hens were fed six diets as follows: 1) control diet; 2) 7.5%WFS+1.5%FO; 3) 7.5%WFS+1.5%FO+175 mg/kg vitamin E (VE); 4) 7.5%WFS+1.5%FO+175 mg/kg VE + inorganic sources of Se, Zn, and Fe (ISeZnFe); 5) 7.5%WFS+1.5%FO+175 mg/kg VE + organic sources of Se, Zn, and Fe (OSeZnFe); 6) 7.5%WFS+1.5%FO+175 mg/kg VE + nano-source of Se, Zn, and Fe (NSeZnFe) from 40-50 weeks of age. Laying hens fed 7.5% WFS, 1.5% FO, and different sources of trace elements in their diets had no negative effects on laying rate, egg weight, egg mass, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, body weight change, or survival rate compared to that of hens fed the control diet. Dietary treatments did not negatively affect the external and internal egg characteristics or egg sensory attributes. Feeding 7.5%WFS+1.5%FO+VE+ISeZnFe positively influenced yolk color in fresh eggs. Dietary treatments had a significant impact on egg nutritional composition, with the highest levels of macronutrients found in eggs from hens fed the 7.5%WFS+1.5%FO+VE+NSeZnFe treatment. The highest plasma globulin concentrations were observed in hens fed organic and nano-source trace elements. The same diets reduced plasma uric acid levels. Based on these findings, the inclusion of organic or nano-source trace minerals in diets containing WFS and FO positively affected egg quality and hen protein metabolites.

本研究评估了全亚麻籽(WFS)、鱼油(FO)和不同来源的硒、锌和铁(无机、有机和纳米来源)对蛋鸡产蛋量、蛋品质、感官属性和血清蛋白代谢物的影响。共有 144 只母鸡被分为 6 组,每组 4 只,共 6 个重复。给母鸡喂食以下六种日粮:1)对照日粮;2)7.5%WFS+1.5%FO;3)7.5%WFS+1.5%FO+175 mg/kg 维生素 E(VE);4)7.5%WFS+1.5%FO+175 mg/kg VE + 无机来源的硒、锌和铁(ISeZnFe);5)7.5)7.5%WFS+1.5%FO+175 毫克/千克 VE + 有机硒、锌和铁(OSeZnFe);6)7.5%WFS+1.5%FO+175 毫克/千克 VE + 纳米硒、锌和铁(NSeZnFe)。与饲喂对照日粮的蛋鸡相比,饲喂7.5% WFS、1.5% FO和不同微量元素来源的日粮对蛋鸡的产蛋率、蛋重、蛋块、采食量、饲料转化率、体重变化和存活率没有负面影响。日粮处理对鸡蛋的外部和内部特征以及鸡蛋的感官属性没有负面影响。饲喂 7.5%WFS+1.5%FO+VE+ISeZnFe 对鲜蛋的蛋黄颜色有积极影响。日粮处理对鸡蛋营养成分有显著影响,饲喂 7.5%WFS+1.5%FO+VE+NSeZnFe 处理的母鸡所产鸡蛋的宏量营养素含量最高。饲喂有机微量元素和纳米微量元素的母鸡血浆球蛋白浓度最高。同样的日粮降低了血浆尿酸水平。基于这些发现,在含有 WFS 和 FO 的日粮中添加有机或纳米源微量元素对鸡蛋质量和母鸡蛋白质代谢物有积极影响。
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引用次数: 0
Formation of the Pecking Order during Small-Scale Floor Feeding in Helmeted Guinea Fowl (Numida meleagris). 头盔豚(Numida meleagris)在小规模地面采食过程中啄食顺序的形成。
IF 1.5 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-13 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.2024020
Tomoyoshi Terada, Mitsuki Shimoda, Daisuke Waku, Hiroshi Ogawa

Helmeted guinea fowl are social animals and only males form a hierarchy in the wild. Non-cage husbandry systems benefit the reproductive health of guinea fowl; however, there are concerns that the feeding duration of subordinate individuals is insufficient. Here, the pecking orders formed during small-scale floor feeding were investigated. There were three experimental categories: male-only (four males), female-only (four females), and mixed category (two males, two females). Each experimental category was set up three times and included different individuals. Behaviors were recorded for 130 h 52 min, 89 h 11 min, and 98 h 46 min in the male, female, and mixed categories, respectively. Male helmeted guinea fowls pecked other males, whereas females exhibited little pecking behavior. Male pecking behavior was not homogeneous within each experimental group. It has been suggested that males form a pecking order, whereas females have no hierarchy under small-scale floor-feeding conditions, as observed in the wild. In most cases, on the first day the number of pecking behaviors was low 20 min after the start of the experiment. The three subordinate individuals in the mixed category had little time to feed, whereas the other birds in the mixed category and all helmeted guinea fowl in the male- and female-only categories had longer feeding durations. We suggest that helmeted guinea fowl may be reared under small-scale floor feeding, and that the health of males should be managed. However, rearing females and males under small-scale floor feeding conditions should be avoided. This study contributes to improving the welfare of helmeted guinea fowl reared under small-scale floor feeding.

珍珠鸡是社会性动物,在野外只有雄性珍珠鸡形成等级制度。非笼养系统有利于珍珠鸡的生殖健康,但也有人担心从属个体的饲喂时间不够长。在此,我们对小规模地面饲养过程中形成的啄序进行了研究。实验分为三类:纯雄类(四只雄鸡)、纯雌类(四只雌鸡)和混合类(两雄两雌)。每个实验类别设置三次,包括不同的个体。雄性、雌性和混合型分别记录了 130 小时 52 分钟、89 小时 11 分钟和 98 小时 46 分钟的行为。雄性珍珠鸡啄食其他雄性珍珠鸡,而雌性珍珠鸡几乎没有啄食行为。在每个实验组中,雄性啄食行为并不一致。有研究表明,在野外观察到的小规模地面喂食条件下,雄性形成啄食顺序,而雌性则没有等级之分。在大多数情况下,第一天实验开始 20 分钟后,啄食行为的数量较少。混养组中三个从属个体的觅食时间很短,而混养组中的其他鸟类以及雄性和雌性组中的所有珍珠鸡都有较长的觅食时间。我们建议可采用小规模地面饲养的方式饲养珍珠鸡,并应管理好雄珍珠鸡的健康。但应避免在小规模地面饲养条件下饲养雌性和雄性。这项研究有助于改善在小规模地面饲养条件下饲养的珍珠鸡的福利。
{"title":"Formation of the Pecking Order during Small-Scale Floor Feeding in Helmeted Guinea Fowl (<i>Numida meleagris</i>).","authors":"Tomoyoshi Terada, Mitsuki Shimoda, Daisuke Waku, Hiroshi Ogawa","doi":"10.2141/jpsa.2024020","DOIUrl":"10.2141/jpsa.2024020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Helmeted guinea fowl are social animals and only males form a hierarchy in the wild. Non-cage husbandry systems benefit the reproductive health of guinea fowl; however, there are concerns that the feeding duration of subordinate individuals is insufficient. Here, the pecking orders formed during small-scale floor feeding were investigated. There were three experimental categories: male-only (four males), female-only (four females), and mixed category (two males, two females). Each experimental category was set up three times and included different individuals. Behaviors were recorded for 130 h 52 min, 89 h 11 min, and 98 h 46 min in the male, female, and mixed categories, respectively. Male helmeted guinea fowls pecked other males, whereas females exhibited little pecking behavior. Male pecking behavior was not homogeneous within each experimental group. It has been suggested that males form a pecking order, whereas females have no hierarchy under small-scale floor-feeding conditions, as observed in the wild. In most cases, on the first day the number of pecking behaviors was low 20 min after the start of the experiment. The three subordinate individuals in the mixed category had little time to feed, whereas the other birds in the mixed category and all helmeted guinea fowl in the male- and female-only categories had longer feeding durations. We suggest that helmeted guinea fowl may be reared under small-scale floor feeding, and that the health of males should be managed. However, rearing females and males under small-scale floor feeding conditions should be avoided. This study contributes to improving the welfare of helmeted guinea fowl reared under small-scale floor feeding.</p>","PeriodicalId":16883,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Poultry Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11166474/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141317574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Simulations of Future Trends in Welfare-Centric Egg Production Systems: Impacts on Productivity and Prices. 以福利为中心的鸡蛋生产系统的未来趋势模拟:对生产率和价格的影响。
IF 1.5 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-09 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.2024019
Hiromi Kato, Tomoya Shimasaki, Ken-Ichi Yayou

The implementation of more animal welfare-centric livestock production systems holds considerable potential for achieving sustainable production in Japan. However, such systems generally reduce productivity per unit area, impose financial burdens on farmers that adversely affect their physical and mental health, and require increased consumer awareness. In particular, declines in productivity per unit area substantially affect the farming economy, giving rise to concerns about the sufficient egg production for the population, which consequently exacerbates Japan's food security concerns. In this study, our goal was to predict temporal trends in the Japanese transition to welfare-centric facilities by analyzing desired egg consumption. We formulated five scenarios, ending in 2050, to assess the future impact of changing the proportions of types of egg production on total production, numbers of hens, total farm area, production costs, and retail prices. Multiple issues were identified in our analysis. First, Japanese production uses conventional caging, which provides high efficiency, maximum output, and decreased prices. Our simulations suggest that ensuring optimal production is likely to present challenges as animal welfare is addressed. They also suggest that the poultry industry or the Japanese government will likely need to plan changes in production methods will likely be necessary to prevent egg surpluses and/or shortages. Additional issues were identified, including price increases, numbers of hens, total farm area, and production costs. This study offers valuable insights for policymakers in their decision-making processes to help optimize production methods while considering food security, animal welfare, and farmers' welfare.

在日本,实施更加以动物福利为中心的畜牧生产系统对实现可持续生产具有相当大的潜力。然而,这种体系通常会降低单位面积的生产率,给农民带来经济负担,对他们的身心健康造成不利影响,而且需要提高消费者的意识。特别是,单位面积生产率的下降严重影响了农业经济,使人们担心鸡蛋产量是否足以满足人口需要,从而加剧了日本的粮食安全问题。在本研究中,我们的目标是通过分析期望的鸡蛋消费量,预测日本向以福利为中心的设施过渡的时间趋势。我们制定了以 2050 年为终点的五种情景,以评估改变鸡蛋生产类型的比例对总产量、母鸡数量、农场总面积、生产成本和零售价格的未来影响。我们在分析中发现了多个问题。首先,日本的生产采用传统的笼养方式,效率高、产量大、价格低。我们的模拟结果表明,随着动物福利问题的解决,确保最佳生产可能会面临挑战。模拟结果还表明,家禽业或日本政府可能需要计划改变生产方法,以防止鸡蛋过剩和/或短缺。研究还发现了其他问题,包括价格上涨、母鸡数量、农场总面积和生产成本。这项研究为政策制定者的决策过程提供了宝贵的见解,有助于在考虑食品安全、动物福利和农民福利的同时优化生产方法。
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引用次数: 0
Ovary Transcriptome Profiling in Broody and Egg-laying Chahua Chickens. 育雏鸡和产蛋茶花鸡的卵巢转录组分析。
IF 1.5 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-08 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.2024018
Yanli Du, Huang Wei, Meiquan Li, Xiao Wang, Jinshan Ran, Jing Wang, Cuilian Dong, Na Zhu

Broodiness in egg-laying hens (EHs) leads to ovarian atrophy, resulting in reduced egg-laying performance. However, the ovarian regulatory mechanisms in broody hens (BCs) remain elusive. Therefore, ovaries were removed from 300-day-old BCs and EHs for RNA sequencing. Ovarian morphology and histological characteristics of the BC and EH groups were compared and analyzed. The EH group had significantly more hierarchical follicles (HFs) and small yellow follicles (SYFs) than that of the BC group. Although several secondary follicles (SFs) and primary follicles were observed in the ovaries of the EH group, only a few SFs were observed in the ovaries of the BC group. Subsequently, RNA-sequencing analysis was conducted to determine the ovarian expression profiles of the two groups. Transcriptome sequencing identified 259 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the BC and EH groups. Of the 259 DEGs, 136 were upregulated and 123 were downregulated. The DEGs were mapped to 22 gene ontology terms and 4 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways for ovarian tissue. The analysis showed that matrix metalloproteinases 11/13 (MMP11/MMP13) were enriched in the extracellular matrix. The extracellular matrix mediated by MMP13 is affected by follicle-stimulating hormone, prolactin, and estrogen, which are critical signaling pathways that may affect ovarian follicle development to regulate the large yellow follicle reserve process and the ovulation cycle of broody Chahua chickens. These findings indicate that understanding differences in gene expression between the ovarian tissues of BCs and EHs could serve as a valuable reference point for enhancing egg-laying performance in Chahua chickens.

产蛋鸡(EHs)的育雏会导致卵巢萎缩,从而降低产蛋性能。然而,育雏母鸡(BCs)的卵巢调节机制仍然难以捉摸。因此,研究人员从300日龄的育雏鸡和EHs中取出卵巢进行RNA测序。对BC组和EH组的卵巢形态和组织学特征进行了比较和分析。EH组的分层卵泡(HFs)和小黄卵泡(SYFs)明显多于BC组。虽然在EH组的卵巢中观察到了几个次级卵泡(SFs)和初级卵泡,但在BC组的卵巢中只观察到了几个SFs。随后,进行了 RNA 序列分析,以确定两组患者的卵巢表达谱。转录组测序在 BC 组和 EH 组之间发现了 259 个差异表达基因(DEG)。在这 259 个 DEGs 中,136 个基因上调,123 个基因下调。DEGs被映射到卵巢组织的22个基因本体术语和4个京都基因和基因组百科全书通路。分析表明,基质金属蛋白酶11/13(MMP11/MMP13)在细胞外基质中富集。由MMP13介导的细胞外基质受卵泡刺激素、催乳素和雌激素的影响,而卵泡刺激素、催乳素和雌激素是可能影响卵巢卵泡发育的关键信号通路,可调节肉用茶花鸡的大黄卵泡储备过程和排卵周期。这些研究结果表明,了解BC和EH卵巢组织基因表达的差异可为提高茶花鸡的产蛋性能提供有价值的参考。
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引用次数: 0
Embryonic Cadaverine Signaling: Implications for Plasma Free Amino Acid and Skeletal Muscle Energy Metabolism in Newly Hatched Chicks. 胚胎胎盘素信号传导:新孵化雏鸡血浆游离氨基酸和骨骼肌能量代谢的影响。
IF 1.5 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-06 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.2024017
Jun-Ichi Shiraishi, Naoko Shimakura, Kazuki Kimura, Ai-Saiga Egusa, Yoshiyuki Ohta

Cadaverine is a bioactive substance derived from lysine degradation by lysine decarboxylase and has gained attention for its physiological effects. Studies in rodents have revealed its role as a cell growth regulator, particularly intestinal bacterial-produced cadaverine. However, the nutritional and physiological roles of cadaverine during the embryonic period remain unclear, especially considering the immature state of the gut microbiota and digestive functions during this stage. This study explored the potential functions of cadaverine as a nutritional and metabolic signal during chicken embryonic development. Experiments were conducted using an in ovo administration method to evaluate the effects of nutritional bioactive substances on developing chicken embryos. Although there were no observable changes in body or organ weights of newly hatched chicks following in ovo cadaverine administration to day 18 chick embryos, plasma tryptophan, Nτ-methylhistidine, and Nπ-methylhistidine concentrations decreased and the gene expression of insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 signaling in skeletal muscle was upregulated. These findings imply that cadaverine influences tryptophan metabolism and skeletal muscle catabolism during the embryonic period, suggesting its role as a bioactive factor contributing to energy metabolism signaling in skeletal muscle.

尸胺是一种由赖氨酸脱羧酶降解赖氨酸产生的生物活性物质,因其生理作用而备受关注。对啮齿类动物的研究表明,它具有细胞生长调节剂的作用,尤其是肠道细菌产生的尸胺。然而,尸胺在胚胎期的营养和生理作用仍不清楚,特别是考虑到这一阶段肠道微生物群和消化功能尚未成熟。本研究探讨了尸胺在鸡胚胎发育过程中作为营养和代谢信号的潜在功能。实验采用体内给药法,以评估营养生物活性物质对发育中的鸡胚胎的影响。虽然在第 18 天的鸡胚胎体内给予尸毒后,新孵化雏鸡的体重或器官重量没有明显变化,但血浆中色氨酸、Nτ-甲基组氨酸和 Nπ- 甲基组氨酸的浓度下降,骨骼肌中胰岛素/类胰岛素生长因子 1 信号转导的基因表达上调。这些研究结果表明,尸胺会影响胚胎期色氨酸代谢和骨骼肌分解代谢,表明它是一种生物活性因子,有助于骨骼肌的能量代谢信号转导。
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引用次数: 0
Survival Time of Campylobacter jejuni in Broiler Crops. 肉鸡养殖中空肠弯曲菌的存活时间
IF 1.5 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-05-31 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.2024016
Mari Nishii, Masaharu Yasutomi

Lactobacillus spp. inhibit the growth of Campylobacter spp. in vitro. However, in chicken crops, in which Lactobacillus spp. predominate, such inhibition of Campylobacter has not been confirmed. In our previous study, feeding paddy rice to broiler chicks increased the residence time of the food, which might enhance the bactericidal activity of the crop. Here, the bactericidal activity against the remaining Campylobacter spp. in broiler crops was evaluated. A suspension prepared by mixing Campylobacter jejuni and titanium dioxide (TiO2) was inoculated into the pharynx of 26-day-old broiler chicks fed a paddy rice-based diet. The crop contents were sampled at 20-min intervals. The TiO2 residual ratio in the crop gradually decreased with time after inoculation, with 57% of the inoculated TiO2 remaining in the crop 60 min after inoculation. The survival fraction of C. jejuni in the crops was 11% at 40 min, only 1% at 60 min, and was undetectable at 80 min. Most of the inoculated C. jejuni died in the crop before entering the next segment. These data indicated that bacterial death occurred between 30 min and 40 min after inoculation. The average survival time of C. jejuni in the crop was calculated to be 37.1 min. Thus, C. jejuni remaining in a chicken crop for more than 40 min died.

乳酸杆菌在体外可抑制弯曲杆菌的生长。然而,在以乳酸杆菌为主的鸡肉作物中,这种对弯曲杆菌的抑制作用尚未得到证实。在我们之前的研究中,给肉用仔鸡喂食水稻增加了食物的停留时间,这可能会提高作物的杀菌活性。在此,我们对肉鸡作物中剩余弯曲杆菌的杀菌活性进行了评估。将空肠弯曲杆菌和二氧化钛(TiO2)混合制备的悬浮液接种到以水稻为食的 26 日龄肉鸡咽部。每隔 20 分钟对嗉囊内容物取样一次。随着接种时间的延长,嗉囊中的二氧化钛残留率逐渐下降,接种 60 分钟后,嗉囊中的二氧化钛残留率为 57%。40 分钟时,空肠酵母菌在作物中的存活率为 11%,60 分钟时仅为 1%,80 分钟时则检测不到。大部分接种的空肠大肠杆菌在进入下一环节之前就已在作物中死亡。这些数据表明,细菌死亡发生在接种后 30 分钟到 40 分钟之间。据计算,空肠大肠杆菌在作物中的平均存活时间为 37.1 分钟。因此,空肠大肠杆菌在鸡嗉囊中存活超过 40 分钟就会死亡。
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引用次数: 0
Expression and Mutation of SLC45A2 Affects Iris Color in Quail. SLC45A2 的表达和突变影响鹌鹑虹膜的颜色
IF 1.5 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-05-30 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.2024015
Linke Huo, Xiaohui Zhang, Youzhi Pang, Yanxia Qi, Shiwei Ren, Fanghu Wu, Yuanyuan Shang, Jinquan Xi

Iris color is a prominent phenotypic feature of quail. To understand the mechanism of melanin deposition related to quail iris color, iris tissues were selected from Beijing white and Chinese yellow quail for transcriptome analysis. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with pigmentation were identified using RNA sequencing and validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The identified single nucleotide polymorphisms were studied using bioinformatics and iris color correlation analyses. A total of 485 DEGs were obtained, with 223 upregulated and 262 downregulated. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses were performed. Thirty-two genes were annotated using the GO database. Three important pigment synthesis pathways (Notch signaling, melanogenesis, and tyrosine metabolism) were identified in quail iris tissue (P < 0.05). The expression levels of solute carrier family 45 member 2 (SLC45A2), tyrosinase-related protein 1, vitamin D receptor, opsin 5, and docking protein 5 were significantly different between Beijing white and Chinese yellow quail, as verified by RT-qPCR. The c.1061C>T mutation in SLC45A2, which caused a single amino acid change at position 354 (threonine to methionine), was significantly associated with iris color in Beijing white and Chinese yellow quail, and might be the main reason for the different iris colors between these two quail species.

虹膜颜色是鹌鹑的一个显著表型特征。为了解鹌鹑虹膜颜色的黑色素沉积机制,研究人员选取了北京白鹌鹑和中国黄鹌鹑的虹膜组织进行转录组分析。利用 RNA 测序鉴定了与色素沉着相关的差异表达基因(DEGs),并通过实时定量聚合酶链反应(RT-qPCR)进行了验证。利用生物信息学和虹膜颜色相关性分析对已确定的单核苷酸多态性进行了研究。共获得 485 个 DEGs,其中上调 223 个,下调 262 个。进行了基因本体(GO)和京都基因组百科全书通路富集分析。利用 GO 数据库对 32 个基因进行了注释。在鹌鹑虹膜组织中发现了三个重要的色素合成通路(Notch 信号转导、黑色素生成和酪氨酸代谢)(P < 0.05)。经 RT-qPCR 验证,溶质运载家族 45 成员 2(SLC45A2)、酪氨酸酶相关蛋白 1、维生素 D 受体、眼色素 5 和对接蛋白 5 的表达水平在北京白鹑和中国黄鹑之间存在显著差异。SLC45A2的c.1061C>T突变导致354位的单个氨基酸变化(苏氨酸变为蛋氨酸),与北京白鹑和中国黄鹑的虹膜颜色显著相关,可能是造成这两种鹌鹑虹膜颜色不同的主要原因。
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Journal of Poultry Science
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