Pub Date : 2024-05-09eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.2024014
Asmaa S El-Far, Maho Kamiya, Takaoki Saneyasu, Kazuhisa Honda
A low-protein (LP) diet may alleviate the environmental impact of chicken meat production by reducing nitrogen excretion and ammonia emissions. Thus, this study investigated the effect of a 15% reduced protein diet with or without amino acid (AA) supplementation on the growth performance of broiler chicks from 10 to 35 days of age and the underlying mechanism for loss of skeletal muscle mass. Thirty-six male broiler chicks were allocated to three experimental groups based on body weight: control, LP, and essential AA-supplemented LP (LP+AA). The body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and weight of breast muscles and legs significantly decreased only in the LP group at the end of the feeding period. Plasma uric acid levels were significantly lower in the LP+AA group than those of the other groups. In the LP group, mRNA levels of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 isoform B were significantly higher in the pectoralis major, whereas those of atrogin-1, muscle RING-finger protein-1, and myoblast determination protein 1 were significantly higher in the biceps femoris compared to those in the control group. There were no significant differences in insulin-like growth factor 1 mRNA levels in the liver or skeletal muscle between groups. These findings suggested that supplementation with essential AAs ameliorated the impaired effects of an LP diet on growth performance in broiler chicks, and that the transcriptional changes in proteolytic genes in skeletal muscles might be related to the impaired effects of the LP diet.
{"title":"Effects of Amino Acid Supplementation to a Low-Protein Diet on the Growth Performance and Protein Metabolism-related Factors in Broiler Chicks.","authors":"Asmaa S El-Far, Maho Kamiya, Takaoki Saneyasu, Kazuhisa Honda","doi":"10.2141/jpsa.2024014","DOIUrl":"10.2141/jpsa.2024014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A low-protein (LP) diet may alleviate the environmental impact of chicken meat production by reducing nitrogen excretion and ammonia emissions. Thus, this study investigated the effect of a 15% reduced protein diet with or without amino acid (AA) supplementation on the growth performance of broiler chicks from 10 to 35 days of age and the underlying mechanism for loss of skeletal muscle mass. Thirty-six male broiler chicks were allocated to three experimental groups based on body weight: control, LP, and essential AA-supplemented LP (LP+AA). The body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and weight of breast muscles and legs significantly decreased only in the LP group at the end of the feeding period. Plasma uric acid levels were significantly lower in the LP+AA group than those of the other groups. In the LP group, mRNA levels of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 isoform B were significantly higher in the <i>pectoralis major</i>, whereas those of atrogin-1, muscle RING-finger protein-1, and myoblast determination protein 1 were significantly higher in the <i>biceps femoris</i> compared to those in the control group. There were no significant differences in insulin-like growth factor 1 mRNA levels in the liver or skeletal muscle between groups. These findings suggested that supplementation with essential AAs ameliorated the impaired effects of an LP diet on growth performance in broiler chicks, and that the transcriptional changes in proteolytic genes in skeletal muscles might be related to the impaired effects of the LP diet.</p>","PeriodicalId":16883,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Poultry Science","volume":"61 ","pages":"2024014"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11074001/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140898216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-27eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.2024013
Takeshi Kawasaki
This study investigated the distribution of ofloxacin-resistant Escherichia coli (OFXR-EC) in broiler parent flocks (PS) treated with ofloxacin for 5 days from the time the chicks arrived at the poultry house, and their broiler offspring. OFXR-EC was detected in 22.95% of neonatal parent stock chicks (PSN) arriving at the poultry house. The detection rate of OFXR-EC in PS rearing was 72.49%, which was significantly higher than that detected in PSN. In addition, the detection rate of OFXR-EC was significantly lower in neonatal chicks of their offspring broilers (CSN) at 7.06% than that of PS, but was 24.62% in offspring broiler flocks (CS) at approximately 6 weeks of age. The OFXR-EC detection rate was significantly higher in CS than that in CSN, even though no therapeutic antimicrobials, including ofloxacin, were used from CSN to CS. In addition, the proportions of OFXR-ECs in E. coli isolated from samples in which OFXR-ECs were detected were 63.85% for PSN, 10.52% for PS, 62.00% for CSN, and 8.25% for CS. There was little difference in the composition ratio of OFXR-EC between PSN and CSN, or between PS and CS.
{"title":"Distribution of Fluoroquinolone-Resistant <i>Escherichia coli</i> in Parent Flocks Treated with Fluoroquinolones on Chick Stage and their Broiler Offspring.","authors":"Takeshi Kawasaki","doi":"10.2141/jpsa.2024013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2141/jpsa.2024013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the distribution of ofloxacin-resistant <i>Escherichia coli</i> (OFXR-EC) in broiler parent flocks (PS) treated with ofloxacin for 5 days from the time the chicks arrived at the poultry house, and their broiler offspring. OFXR-EC was detected in 22.95% of neonatal parent stock chicks (PSN) arriving at the poultry house. The detection rate of OFXR-EC in PS rearing was 72.49%, which was significantly higher than that detected in PSN. In addition, the detection rate of OFXR-EC was significantly lower in neonatal chicks of their offspring broilers (CSN) at 7.06% than that of PS, but was 24.62% in offspring broiler flocks (CS) at approximately 6 weeks of age. The OFXR-EC detection rate was significantly higher in CS than that in CSN, even though no therapeutic antimicrobials, including ofloxacin, were used from CSN to CS. In addition, the proportions of OFXR-ECs in <i>E. coli</i> isolated from samples in which OFXR-ECs were detected were 63.85% for PSN, 10.52% for PS, 62.00% for CSN, and 8.25% for CS. There was little difference in the composition ratio of OFXR-EC between PSN and CSN, or between PS and CS.</p>","PeriodicalId":16883,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Poultry Science","volume":"61 ","pages":"2024013"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11043624/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140874683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wooden breast myopathy and leg weakness are serious problems in the broiler chicken industry. The color and intensity of light in the chicken habitat affect behavior, including walking of chicks. The present study was conducted to determine whether periodic and local light switching induces locomotion and affects wooden breast myopathy and leg weakness in broiler chicks. Thirty five-day-old broiler chicks were assigned to two pens (4.72 m × 0.73 m each). In the control pen, chicks were reared under three white-light emitting diode (LED) lights until they were 42 days old. In the other pen, chicks were reared under a white LED light located in the center, supplemented with blue or red LED lights on either side of the pen. The color of the LED lights changed every 3 h, from blue and red to red and blue. From 21 d of age, all LED lights were changed and only one of the side lights was turned on every 3 h. From 35 d of age, all three white lights were turned on until 42 d of age. Periodic and local color switching and on-off switching significantly induced locomotion in broiler chicks. Wooden breast scores tended to improve with light-switching treatment. The tibia length, diameter, and breaking strength were not significantly affected. This is the first report showing that locomotion may be induced in broiler chicks by periodic and local lighting switching, and may be useful for improving the health status of broiler chicks.
木胸肌病和腿软是肉鸡养殖业中的严重问题。鸡栖息地中光线的颜色和强度会影响雏鸡的行为,包括行走。本研究旨在确定周期性和局部光照切换是否会诱导肉鸡运动并影响其木胸肌病和腿软症。30 只五天大的肉用仔鸡被分配到两个鸡栏(每个鸡栏 4.72 m × 0.73 m)。在对照栏中,雏鸡在三盏白光发光二极管(LED)灯下饲养至 42 日龄。在另一栏中,雏鸡在位于中间的白色 LED 灯下饲养,同时在栏的两侧辅以蓝色或红色 LED 灯。LED 灯的颜色每 3 小时变换一次,从蓝色和红色到红色和蓝色。从 21 日龄开始,所有的 LED 灯都更换了颜色,每 3 小时只打开一侧的灯。周期性和局部颜色切换以及开关灯能明显诱导肉用仔鸡运动。木质胸评分在光照切换处理后趋于改善。胫骨长度、直径和断裂强度没有受到明显影响。这是首次报告表明,通过周期性和局部光照切换可诱导肉用仔鸡运动,这可能有助于改善肉用仔鸡的健康状况。
{"title":"Periodic and Local LED Light Switching Induces Broiler Locomotion.","authors":"Shingo Kusuda, Chikamitsu Oshima, Takaoki Saneyasu, Kazuhisa Honda","doi":"10.2141/jpsa.2024009","DOIUrl":"10.2141/jpsa.2024009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wooden breast myopathy and leg weakness are serious problems in the broiler chicken industry. The color and intensity of light in the chicken habitat affect behavior, including walking of chicks. The present study was conducted to determine whether periodic and local light switching induces locomotion and affects wooden breast myopathy and leg weakness in broiler chicks. Thirty five-day-old broiler chicks were assigned to two pens (4.72 m × 0.73 m each). In the control pen, chicks were reared under three white-light emitting diode (LED) lights until they were 42 days old. In the other pen, chicks were reared under a white LED light located in the center, supplemented with blue or red LED lights on either side of the pen. The color of the LED lights changed every 3 h, from blue and red to red and blue. From 21 d of age, all LED lights were changed and only one of the side lights was turned on every 3 h. From 35 d of age, all three white lights were turned on until 42 d of age. Periodic and local color switching and on-off switching significantly induced locomotion in broiler chicks. Wooden breast scores tended to improve with light-switching treatment. The tibia length, diameter, and breaking strength were not significantly affected. This is the first report showing that locomotion may be induced in broiler chicks by periodic and local lighting switching, and may be useful for improving the health status of broiler chicks.</p>","PeriodicalId":16883,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Poultry Science","volume":"61 ","pages":"2024009"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10978436/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140336106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-13eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.2024008
Yukinori Yoshimura, Takahiro Nii, Naoki Isobe
The avian immune system plays a vital role in poultry production to obtain good productibility and products that are safe and of high quality. Historically, adaptive immunity has been the main target of vaccination. However, over the past decade, innate immunity has been reported to be enhanced in different animals through vaccination and feed additives. This enhancement is due to innate immune memory termed "trained immunity," in which epigenetic and metabolic reprogramming play significant roles. Although reports on trained immunity in poultry are limited, several studies have suggested that vaccinations and feed additives affect the innate immunity. This review discusses the possible effects of vaccination and β-glucan on innate immunity for potential incorporation in advanced strategies to enhance the defense function in poultry while considering the information on trained immunity in mammals.
{"title":"Innate Immune Training in Chickens for Improved Defense against Pathogens: A Review.","authors":"Yukinori Yoshimura, Takahiro Nii, Naoki Isobe","doi":"10.2141/jpsa.2024008","DOIUrl":"10.2141/jpsa.2024008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The avian immune system plays a vital role in poultry production to obtain good productibility and products that are safe and of high quality. Historically, adaptive immunity has been the main target of vaccination. However, over the past decade, innate immunity has been reported to be enhanced in different animals through vaccination and feed additives. This enhancement is due to innate immune memory termed \"trained immunity,\" in which epigenetic and metabolic reprogramming play significant roles. Although reports on trained immunity in poultry are limited, several studies have suggested that vaccinations and feed additives affect the innate immunity. This review discusses the possible effects of vaccination and β-glucan on innate immunity for potential incorporation in advanced strategies to enhance the defense function in poultry while considering the information on trained immunity in mammals.</p>","PeriodicalId":16883,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Poultry Science","volume":"61 ","pages":"2024008"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10925860/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140119891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.2024007
Koki Nishikawa, Karin Miyazaki, Takehiro Hirai, Takaoki Saneyasu, Kazuhisa Honda
In this study, we examined whether brown rice and sake lees (domestic feed ingredients) could replace corn and soybean meal (major imported feed ingredients) in broiler chick feed. In Experiment 1, 21-day-old broiler chicks were assigned to two groups and fed a corn-soybean- or a brown rice-soybean-based diet for three weeks (3 birds × 4 replicates/group). Dietary brown rice significantly improved body weight gain and feed conversion ratio. Brown rice feeding also significantly increased L* (lightness) in the thigh and significantly decreased a* (redness) and b* (yellowness) in the thigh and b* in the fat. In Experiment 2, 21-day-old broiler chicks were assigned to three groups and fed either a corn-soybean-based diet for 3 weeks, a corn-soybean-based diet for the first 2 weeks followed by a brown rice sake lees-based diet for the last week, or a brown rice sake lees-based diet for 3 weeks (3 birds × 4 replicates/group). Replacement of the imported feed ingredients significantly improved the feed conversion ratio. The a* values for the breast, thigh, and fat, and the b* values for the thigh and fat were significantly decreased by rice and sake lees feeding for 3 weeks. The a* values for the breasts and fat were significantly decreased by rice and sake lees feeding for 1 week. These results suggest that brown rice and sake lees can be used as replacements for imported feed ingredients such as corn and soybean meal in broiler chicks without detrimental effects on growth performance. These domestic feed ingredients may benefit local production and consumption of poultry in Japan.
{"title":"Effects of Dietary Brown Rice and Sake Lees on the Growth Performance and Color of Meat in Broiler Chicks.","authors":"Koki Nishikawa, Karin Miyazaki, Takehiro Hirai, Takaoki Saneyasu, Kazuhisa Honda","doi":"10.2141/jpsa.2024007","DOIUrl":"10.2141/jpsa.2024007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, we examined whether brown rice and sake lees (domestic feed ingredients) could replace corn and soybean meal (major imported feed ingredients) in broiler chick feed. In Experiment 1, 21-day-old broiler chicks were assigned to two groups and fed a corn-soybean- or a brown rice-soybean-based diet for three weeks (3 birds × 4 replicates/group). Dietary brown rice significantly improved body weight gain and feed conversion ratio. Brown rice feeding also significantly increased L* (lightness) in the thigh and significantly decreased a* (redness) and b* (yellowness) in the thigh and b* in the fat. In Experiment 2, 21-day-old broiler chicks were assigned to three groups and fed either a corn-soybean-based diet for 3 weeks, a corn-soybean-based diet for the first 2 weeks followed by a brown rice sake lees-based diet for the last week, or a brown rice sake lees-based diet for 3 weeks (3 birds × 4 replicates/group). Replacement of the imported feed ingredients significantly improved the feed conversion ratio. The a* values for the breast, thigh, and fat, and the b* values for the thigh and fat were significantly decreased by rice and sake lees feeding for 3 weeks. The a* values for the breasts and fat were significantly decreased by rice and sake lees feeding for 1 week. These results suggest that brown rice and sake lees can be used as replacements for imported feed ingredients such as corn and soybean meal in broiler chicks without detrimental effects on growth performance. These domestic feed ingredients may benefit local production and consumption of poultry in Japan.</p>","PeriodicalId":16883,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Poultry Science","volume":"61 ","pages":"2024007"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10898942/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139996554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-03eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.2024005
Khoi X Hoang, Mei Matsuzaki, Tetsuya Kohsaka, Tomohiro Sasanami
In our previous studies, we demonstrated that the primary source of relaxin 3 (RLN3) in Japanese quail is ovarian granulosa cells. Although several relaxin family peptide (RXFP) receptors have been sequenced, the intricacies of these receptors in avian species remain insufficiently clarified. Therefore, we assessed the expression of RXFP receptors, RXFP1 and 3, in Japanese quail. Using RT-PCR, we found that both RXFP1 and 3 were ubiquitously expressed. The expression level of RXFP1 is significantly higher in the ovarian theca layer, indicating that it is the primary receptor for RLN3 in the ovary. During follicular development, there was an elevation in thecal RXFP1 expression, but it declined after the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge. We found that the protease activity of the 60 kDa band increased after the LH surge, suggesting the involvement of RLN3 signaling in ovulation. These results suggest a paracrine role of RLN3, involving its binding with RXFP1 in ovarian theca cells. This interaction may elicit biological actions, potentially initiating ovulation after the LH surge.
{"title":"Expression of Relaxin Family Peptide Receptors 1 and 3 in the Ovarian Follicle of Japanese Quail.","authors":"Khoi X Hoang, Mei Matsuzaki, Tetsuya Kohsaka, Tomohiro Sasanami","doi":"10.2141/jpsa.2024005","DOIUrl":"10.2141/jpsa.2024005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In our previous studies, we demonstrated that the primary source of relaxin 3 (RLN3) in Japanese quail is ovarian granulosa cells. Although several relaxin family peptide (RXFP) receptors have been sequenced, the intricacies of these receptors in avian species remain insufficiently clarified. Therefore, we assessed the expression of RXFP receptors, RXFP1 and 3, in Japanese quail. Using RT-PCR, we found that both RXFP1 and 3 were ubiquitously expressed. The expression level of RXFP1 is significantly higher in the ovarian theca layer, indicating that it is the primary receptor for RLN3 in the ovary. During follicular development, there was an elevation in thecal RXFP1 expression, but it declined after the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge. We found that the protease activity of the 60 kDa band increased after the LH surge, suggesting the involvement of RLN3 signaling in ovulation. These results suggest a paracrine role of RLN3, involving its binding with RXFP1 in ovarian theca cells. This interaction may elicit biological actions, potentially initiating ovulation after the LH surge.</p>","PeriodicalId":16883,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Poultry Science","volume":"61 ","pages":"2024005"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10830672/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139681293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Imidazole dipeptides possess important bioregulatory properties in animals. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of high ambient temperature on muscle imidazole dipeptides (carnosine, anserine, and balenine) in broiler chickens. Sixteen 14-day-old male broiler chickens were divided into two groups, which were reared under thermoneutral (25 ± 1 °C) or cyclic high ambient temperature (35 ± 1 °C for 8 h/day) for 4 weeks. Chickens exposed to cyclic high ambient temperatures displayed lower skeletal muscle anserine and carnosine content than control chickens. Balenine could not be detected in the pectoral muscle of either group. The pectoral muscles of broiler chickens kept under cyclic high-temperature exhibited significantly lower mRNA expression of carnosine synthase 1, which synthesizes carnosine and anserine; but a significantly higher mRNA expression of carnosinase 2, which degrades carnosine and anserine. Our results suggest that heat exposure decreases pectoral imidazole dipeptide content in broiler chickens. This may be attributed to a lower expression of imidazole dipeptide-synthesizing genes, but higher levels of genes involved in their degradation.
{"title":"Effects of Cyclic High Ambient Temperature on Muscle Imidazole Dipeptide Content in Broiler Chickens.","authors":"Ayumi Katafuchi, Mizuki Kamegawa, Serina Goto, Daichi Kuwahara, Yukiko Osawa, Saki Shimamoto, Shinya Ishihara, Akira Ohtsuka, Daichi Ijiri","doi":"10.2141/jpsa.2024004","DOIUrl":"10.2141/jpsa.2024004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Imidazole dipeptides possess important bioregulatory properties in animals. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of high ambient temperature on muscle imidazole dipeptides (carnosine, anserine, and balenine) in broiler chickens. Sixteen 14-day-old male broiler chickens were divided into two groups, which were reared under thermoneutral (25 ± 1 °C) or cyclic high ambient temperature (35 ± 1 °C for 8 h/day) for 4 weeks. Chickens exposed to cyclic high ambient temperatures displayed lower skeletal muscle anserine and carnosine content than control chickens. Balenine could not be detected in the pectoral muscle of either group. The pectoral muscles of broiler chickens kept under cyclic high-temperature exhibited significantly lower mRNA expression of <i>carnosine synthase 1</i>, which synthesizes carnosine and anserine; but a significantly higher mRNA expression of <i>carnosinase 2</i>, which degrades carnosine and anserine. Our results suggest that heat exposure decreases pectoral imidazole dipeptide content in broiler chickens. This may be attributed to a lower expression of imidazole dipeptide-synthesizing genes, but higher levels of genes involved in their degradation.</p>","PeriodicalId":16883,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Poultry Science","volume":"61 ","pages":"2024004"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10824857/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139672074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-26eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.2024003
Runzhi Wang, Tingting Li, Zaixu Pan, Hui Chen, Shanjin Xu, Xixue Lu, Kai Shi, Bang Bian, Guansuo Wu
Puerarin is an isoflavone extracted from Gegen (Pueraria lobata) and has been widely utilized to treat various human diseases; however, information regarding its benefits in animal production is limited. In this study, we aimed to investigate the influence of dietary puerarin supplementation on growth performance, immune organ index, immunoglobulin profile, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal morphology in pigeons. In total, 375 healthy 28-day-old White King pigeons were randomly divided into five groups, each consisting of five replicates and 15 pigeons per replicate. Each group was administered one of five dietary treatments: the basal diet, or the basal diet supplemented with 40, 80, 120, or 160 mg/kg puerarin. Treatment duration was 30 days following a 7-day acclimation period. Puerarin treatment did not significantly alter the growth performance of pigeons but afforded a significant linear enhancement in the thymus index (P < 0.05). Additionally, puerarin supplementation significantly increased serum immunoglobulin A and immunoglobulin M levels in pigeons in a linear manner (P < 0.05). Similarly, puerarin significantly and linearly increased the activities of total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, glutathione, and catalase in the serum and liver, and decreased the malondialdehyde content (P < 0.05). Moreover, the villus height (VH), crypt depth (CD), and VH/CD ratio of the small intestine (including the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum) increased linearly upon puerarin supplementation (P < 0.05). Collectively, these results indicate that puerarin supplementation could improve the immune response, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal morphology of pigeons.
{"title":"Effect of Dietary Puerarin Supplementation on Growth Performance, Immune Response, Antioxidant Capacity, and Intestinal Morphology in Domestic Pigeons (<i>Columba livia</i>).","authors":"Runzhi Wang, Tingting Li, Zaixu Pan, Hui Chen, Shanjin Xu, Xixue Lu, Kai Shi, Bang Bian, Guansuo Wu","doi":"10.2141/jpsa.2024003","DOIUrl":"10.2141/jpsa.2024003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Puerarin is an isoflavone extracted from Gegen (<i>Pueraria lobata</i>) and has been widely utilized to treat various human diseases; however, information regarding its benefits in animal production is limited. In this study, we aimed to investigate the influence of dietary puerarin supplementation on growth performance, immune organ index, immunoglobulin profile, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal morphology in pigeons. In total, 375 healthy 28-day-old White King pigeons were randomly divided into five groups, each consisting of five replicates and 15 pigeons per replicate. Each group was administered one of five dietary treatments: the basal diet, or the basal diet supplemented with 40, 80, 120, or 160 mg/kg puerarin. Treatment duration was 30 days following a 7-day acclimation period. Puerarin treatment did not significantly alter the growth performance of pigeons but afforded a significant linear enhancement in the thymus index (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Additionally, puerarin supplementation significantly increased serum immunoglobulin A and immunoglobulin M levels in pigeons in a linear manner (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Similarly, puerarin significantly and linearly increased the activities of total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, glutathione, and catalase in the serum and liver, and decreased the malondialdehyde content (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Moreover, the villus height (VH), crypt depth (CD), and VH/CD ratio of the small intestine (including the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum) increased linearly upon puerarin supplementation (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Collectively, these results indicate that puerarin supplementation could improve the immune response, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal morphology of pigeons.</p>","PeriodicalId":16883,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Poultry Science","volume":"61 ","pages":"2024003"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10805655/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139570484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vaccination is important for reducing disease incidence in the poultry industry. To enhance immunity and vaccine efficacy, chicken cytokines associated with antibody production must be identified. In this study, we focused on interleukin-5 (IL-5), involved in antibody production in mice, measuring its expression and effects on antibody production. Concanavalin A-stimulated splenocytes were used for RT-PCR to clone IL5 cDNAs. Recombinant IL-5 was prepared from the clone and administered to chickens with antigen via the ocular-topical route twice every alternate week. IL-5 enhanced antigen-specific IgY and inhibited antigen-specific serum IgA production in serum. Our findings suggest that IL-5 plays an important role in chicken antibody production, with possible unique functions.
疫苗接种对于降低家禽业的疾病发病率非常重要。为了提高免疫力和疫苗效果,必须确定与抗体产生相关的鸡细胞因子。在本研究中,我们重点研究了参与小鼠抗体产生的白细胞介素-5(IL-5),测量了它的表达及其对抗体产生的影响。用康卡伐林 A 刺激的脾细胞进行 RT-PCR 克隆 IL5 cDNA。从克隆中制备重组IL-5,并通过眼部局部途径给鸡注射抗原,每隔一周两次。IL-5可增强抗原特异性IgY,抑制血清中抗原特异性血清IgA的产生。我们的研究结果表明,IL-5 在鸡抗体产生过程中发挥着重要作用,并可能具有独特的功能。
{"title":"Chicken Interleukin-5 is Expressed in Splenic Lymphocytes and Affects Antigen-Specific Antibody Production.","authors":"Tenkai Watanabe, Takumi Terada, Ryo Ezaki, Mei Matsuzaki, Syuichi Furusawa, Hiroyuki Horiuchi","doi":"10.2141/jpsa.2024002","DOIUrl":"10.2141/jpsa.2024002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vaccination is important for reducing disease incidence in the poultry industry. To enhance immunity and vaccine efficacy, chicken cytokines associated with antibody production must be identified. In this study, we focused on interleukin-5 (IL-5), involved in antibody production in mice, measuring its expression and effects on antibody production. Concanavalin A-stimulated splenocytes were used for RT-PCR to clone <i>IL5</i> cDNAs. Recombinant IL-5 was prepared from the clone and administered to chickens with antigen via the ocular-topical route twice every alternate week. IL-5 enhanced antigen-specific IgY and inhibited antigen-specific serum IgA production in serum. Our findings suggest that IL-5 plays an important role in chicken antibody production, with possible unique functions.</p>","PeriodicalId":16883,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Poultry Science","volume":"61 ","pages":"2024002"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10789502/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139491709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed to measure the effects of trehalose (Tre) supplementation on the growth, intestinal morphology, gut bacteria, and footpad dermatitis (FPD) of broiler chickens reared at different stocking densities (SD). Four hundred newly hatched Ross 308 male chicks were randomly allocated to four groups of eight, following a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement in a randomized complete block design using two SDs (normal, 11; high, 14 birds/m2) and two diets: basal with and without 0.5% Tre. Tre supplementation was provided during the starter/grower phase, but not the finisher phase. Data were analyzed using a two-way analysis of variance. We observed no significant effects of SD or Tre, individually or combined, on body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) during the starter/grower period. However, high SD decreased both BWG (P < 0.001) and FI (P < 0.05), and increased FCR (P < 0.001), during the finisher period. Whereas Tre reduced FCR (P < 0.05) as a main effect, no combined effect was observed on FCR. Over the total period, high SD negatively affected BWG and FCR (P < 0.001), and Tre significantly reduced FCR, with its effect unaffected by SD. No significant effects of SD or Tre were observed on jejunal morphology. The ileal abundance of Clostridium perfringens (P > 0.05) was not affected by high SD but was significantly reduced by Tre. Neither high SD nor Tre altered Lactobacillus spp. counts; however, high SD increased FPD lesion scores, whereas Tre had no effect. The study showed that Tre supplementation during the starter/grower period improved FCR during the finisher period, possibly by decreasing the abundance of C. perfringens in broiler chickens.
本研究旨在测定补充曲哈糖(Tre)对不同饲养密度(SD)下饲养的肉鸡的生长、肠道形态、肠道细菌和脚垫皮炎(FPD)的影响。将 400 只刚孵化的 Ross 308 公鸡随机分配到四组,每组八只,采用 2 × 2 因式排列的随机完全区组设计,使用两种饲养密度(正常,11 只;高饲养密度,14 只/平方米)和两种日粮:含 0.5% Tre 的基础日粮和不含 0.5% Tre 的日粮。在开食期/生长期补充 Tre,但不在育成期补充。数据采用双向方差分析法进行分析。我们观察到,单独或联合使用 SD 或 Tre 对初生/生长期的体重增加(BWG)、采食量(FI)和饲料转化率(FCR)均无明显影响。然而,在育成期,高 SD 会降低 BWG(P < 0.001)和 FI(P < 0.05),增加 FCR(P < 0.001)。作为主效应,Tre降低了FCR(P < 0.05),但没有观察到对FCR的综合效应。在整个期间,高 SD 会对体重和饲料报酬率产生负面影响(P < 0.001),而 Tre 会显著降低饲料报酬率,其影响不受 SD 的影响。SD和Tre对空肠形态没有明显影响。高SD不会影响回肠中产气荚膜梭菌的丰度(P > 0.05),但Tre会显著降低其丰度。高SD和Tre都不会改变乳酸杆菌的数量;然而,高SD会增加FPD病变评分,而Tre则没有影响。该研究表明,在开产期/生长期添加Tre可提高育成期的FCR,这可能是通过减少肉鸡体内的产气荚膜杆菌数量实现的。
{"title":"Trehalose Supplementation Effects on Growth, Intestinal Morphology, Gut Bacteria, and Footpad Dermatitis of Broiler Chickens Reared at High Density.","authors":"Takawan Sooksridang, Chantaluk Rachatapibul, Saksit Srinongkote, Kazuhisa Mukai, Motoi Kikusato","doi":"10.2141/jpsa.2024001","DOIUrl":"10.2141/jpsa.2024001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to measure the effects of trehalose (Tre) supplementation on the growth, intestinal morphology, gut bacteria, and footpad dermatitis (FPD) of broiler chickens reared at different stocking densities (SD). Four hundred newly hatched Ross 308 male chicks were randomly allocated to four groups of eight, following a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement in a randomized complete block design using two SDs (normal, 11; high, 14 birds/m<sup>2</sup>) and two diets: basal with and without 0.5% Tre. Tre supplementation was provided during the starter/grower phase, but not the finisher phase. Data were analyzed using a two-way analysis of variance. We observed no significant effects of SD or Tre, individually or combined, on body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) during the starter/grower period. However, high SD decreased both BWG (<i>P</i> < 0.001) and FI (<i>P</i> < 0.05), and increased FCR (<i>P</i> < 0.001), during the finisher period. Whereas Tre reduced FCR (<i>P</i> < 0.05) as a main effect, no combined effect was observed on FCR. Over the total period, high SD negatively affected BWG and FCR (<i>P</i> < 0.001), and Tre significantly reduced FCR, with its effect unaffected by SD. No significant effects of SD or Tre were observed on jejunal morphology. The ileal abundance of <i>Clostridium perfringens</i> (<i>P</i> > 0.05) was not affected by high SD but was significantly reduced by Tre. Neither high SD nor Tre altered <i>Lactobacillus</i> spp. counts; however, high SD increased FPD lesion scores, whereas Tre had no effect. The study showed that Tre supplementation during the starter/grower period improved FCR during the finisher period, possibly by decreasing the abundance of <i>C. perfringens</i> in broiler chickens.</p>","PeriodicalId":16883,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Poultry Science","volume":"61 ","pages":"2024001"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10774519/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139417342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}