Pub Date : 2022-11-24DOI: 10.29039/rusjbpc.2022.0570
E. Generalov, E. Simonenko, L. Yakovenko
Over the past decades, numerous studies have established that polysaccharides obtained from various sources have a wide range of biological activities, including antiviral action. This paper presents data mainly on the antiviral activity of polysaccharides and intracellular signaling pathways that may be involved in its manifestation, some sources and types of polysaccharides, features of their composition and structure, and the main types of their biological activities are mentioned. In connection with the COVID-19 pandemic, the features of the causative agent of this disease, the SARS-CoV-2 virus, its interactions with cell receptors, the molecular mechanisms of the consequences of the disease and the possible medicinal effect of polysaccharides in this disease are considered in more detail. In prospect, natural polysaccharides may prove to be effective therapeutic agents for various viral diseases, perhaps more effective and without side effects in comparison with traditional antiviral drugs.
{"title":"POSSIBLE MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF POLYSACCHARIDES ACTION IN VIRAL DISEASES","authors":"E. Generalov, E. Simonenko, L. Yakovenko","doi":"10.29039/rusjbpc.2022.0570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29039/rusjbpc.2022.0570","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past decades, numerous studies have established that polysaccharides obtained from various sources have a wide range of biological activities, including antiviral action. This paper presents data mainly on the antiviral activity of polysaccharides and intracellular signaling pathways that may be involved in its manifestation, some sources and types of polysaccharides, features of their composition and structure, and the main types of their biological activities are mentioned. In connection with the COVID-19 pandemic, the features of the causative agent of this disease, the SARS-CoV-2 virus, its interactions with cell receptors, the molecular mechanisms of the consequences of the disease and the possible medicinal effect of polysaccharides in this disease are considered in more detail. In prospect, natural polysaccharides may prove to be effective therapeutic agents for various viral diseases, perhaps more effective and without side effects in comparison with traditional antiviral drugs.","PeriodicalId":169374,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Biological Physics and Chemisrty","volume":"137 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123277298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-24DOI: 10.29039/rusjbpc.2022.0574
M. Ravaeva, E. Chuyan, I. Cheretaev
The paper considers the indicators of tissue oxidative in rats after 10-fold exposure to low-intensity electromagnetic radiation of the millimeter range. The experiment was carried out on 40 mature male rats of the Wistar line weighing 200-220 g, which were kept in a vivarium with a natural light regime. The animals were divided into 2 groups of 20 rats each. The animals in the first group were biological controls and were in normal vivarium conditions, the animals of the second group were exposed to EHF EMR for 10 sessions daily, in the morning. On the 10th day of EHF exposure, tissue fluorescence indicators were recorded by the diagnostic complex “LAZMA MC” (Modification of LAZMA-MC-III, LAZMA, Moscow, Russia). The results of the study showed that rats exposed to 10-fold EHF exposure had an increase in the values of normalized NADH fluorescence amplitudes and an increase in FAD amplitudes by 82.5% (p<0.05) and 42.6% (p<0.05), as well as redox potential - by 36.9% (p<0.05), respectively, compared to with control. These changes indicate that 10-fold exposure to low-intensity EHF EMR causes an increase in the contribution of aerobic metabolism in rats mainly due to oxidative phosphorylation, leads to activation of the respiratory chain. It can be assumed that these changes in oxidative metabolism are determined primarily by the process of adaptation of microcirculatory blood flow to the needs of tissues for nutrients and the removal of metabolites.
{"title":"THE EFFECT OF LOW-INTENSITY ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF EXTREMELY HIGH FREQUENCY ON THE INDICATORS OF TISSUE OXIDATIVE METABOLISM","authors":"M. Ravaeva, E. Chuyan, I. Cheretaev","doi":"10.29039/rusjbpc.2022.0574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29039/rusjbpc.2022.0574","url":null,"abstract":"The paper considers the indicators of tissue oxidative in rats after 10-fold exposure to low-intensity electromagnetic radiation of the millimeter range. The experiment was carried out on 40 mature male rats of the Wistar line weighing 200-220 g, which were kept in a vivarium with a natural light regime. The animals were divided into 2 groups of 20 rats each. The animals in the first group were biological controls and were in normal vivarium conditions, the animals of the second group were exposed to EHF EMR for 10 sessions daily, in the morning. On the 10th day of EHF exposure, tissue fluorescence indicators were recorded by the diagnostic complex “LAZMA MC” (Modification of LAZMA-MC-III, LAZMA, Moscow, Russia). The results of the study showed that rats exposed to 10-fold EHF exposure had an increase in the values of normalized NADH fluorescence amplitudes and an increase in FAD amplitudes by 82.5% (p<0.05) and 42.6% (p<0.05), as well as redox potential - by 36.9% (p<0.05), respectively, compared to with control. These changes indicate that 10-fold exposure to low-intensity EHF EMR causes an increase in the contribution of aerobic metabolism in rats mainly due to oxidative phosphorylation, leads to activation of the respiratory chain. It can be assumed that these changes in oxidative metabolism are determined primarily by the process of adaptation of microcirculatory blood flow to the needs of tissues for nutrients and the removal of metabolites.","PeriodicalId":169374,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Biological Physics and Chemisrty","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130128325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-24DOI: 10.29039/rusjbpc.2022.0573
D. Bausheva, N. Shilyagina, V. Vodeneev, S. Deev, A. Zvyagin, E. Guryev
Theranostics is a rapidly developing field of biomedicine, aimed at the development of multifunctional agents with diagnostic and therapeutic properties simultaneously. This work describes the production of HER2-specific theranostic nanocomplexes based on upconversion nanoparticles and bifunctional proteins. Inorganic nanocrystals of the NaY0.794Yb0.2Tm0.006F4/NaYF4 core/shell structure were used as a platform for the assembly of the multifunctional complex. Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNP) were shown to have pronounced maxima of photoluminescence emission in the visible and infrared regions of the spectrum, which provides effective in vivo imaging of cells and tissues by optical imaging methods. Covering UCNP with additional shells allows achieving their colloidal stability and attaching additional external modules to them. The recombinant targeting toxin DARPin-LoPE, which has specific toxicity against tumor cells expressing the HER2 receptor, was used as a therapeutic module of the nanocomplexes. The theranostic complex NAF-DARPin-LoPE was shown to be able to selectively bind to tumor cells hyperexpressing the HER2 receptor due to the DARPin guide module included in its composition.
{"title":"SYNTHESIS OF LUMINESCENT THERANOSTIC NANOCOMPLEXES BASED ON UPCOVERSION NANOPARTICLES AND RECOMBINANT PROTEINS","authors":"D. Bausheva, N. Shilyagina, V. Vodeneev, S. Deev, A. Zvyagin, E. Guryev","doi":"10.29039/rusjbpc.2022.0573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29039/rusjbpc.2022.0573","url":null,"abstract":"Theranostics is a rapidly developing field of biomedicine, aimed at the development of multifunctional agents with diagnostic and therapeutic properties simultaneously. This work describes the production of HER2-specific theranostic nanocomplexes based on upconversion nanoparticles and bifunctional proteins. Inorganic nanocrystals of the NaY0.794Yb0.2Tm0.006F4/NaYF4 core/shell structure were used as a platform for the assembly of the multifunctional complex. Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNP) were shown to have pronounced maxima of photoluminescence emission in the visible and infrared regions of the spectrum, which provides effective in vivo imaging of cells and tissues by optical imaging methods. Covering UCNP with additional shells allows achieving their colloidal stability and attaching additional external modules to them. The recombinant targeting toxin DARPin-LoPE, which has specific toxicity against tumor cells expressing the HER2 receptor, was used as a therapeutic module of the nanocomplexes. The theranostic complex NAF-DARPin-LoPE was shown to be able to selectively bind to tumor cells hyperexpressing the HER2 receptor due to the DARPin guide module included in its composition.","PeriodicalId":169374,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Biological Physics and Chemisrty","volume":"185 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131816891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-24DOI: 10.29039/rusjbpc.2022.0556
V. Klochkova, A. Lelekov, I. Gudvilovich
The effect of light intensity and carbon flux on the production of chlorophyll a and B-phycoerythrin, as well as their ratios in the batch culture of Porphyridium purpureum, has been studied. It is shown that with an increase in light intensity (by 2 times) and air supply speed (by 2 times), the value of maximum productivity increases by almost 2 times, the concentration of chl a – by 1.8 times, and B-PE – by 1.6 times. The content of chlorophyll a and B-phycoerythrin in all experimental variants on the 3rd – 4th day of the experiment (the beginning of the linear growth phase) reached the maximum value. With light limiting, the content of chl a and B-PE in the biomass does not change, however, with high light intensity, a decrease is observed in the linear growth phase. The ratio of B-PE/chl a with different light and carbon support in the experiment practically does not change and averages 12.8.
{"title":"DYNAMICS OF THE CONCENTRATION OF CHLOROPHYLL A AND B-PHYCOERYTHRIN IN CULTURE PORPHYRIDIUM PURPUREUM IN CONDITIONS OF LIGHT AND CARBON LIMITATION","authors":"V. Klochkova, A. Lelekov, I. Gudvilovich","doi":"10.29039/rusjbpc.2022.0556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29039/rusjbpc.2022.0556","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of light intensity and carbon flux on the production of chlorophyll a and B-phycoerythrin, as well as their ratios in the batch culture of Porphyridium purpureum, has been studied. It is shown that with an increase in light intensity (by 2 times) and air supply speed (by 2 times), the value of maximum productivity increases by almost 2 times, the concentration of chl a – by 1.8 times, and B-PE – by 1.6 times. The content of chlorophyll a and B-phycoerythrin in all experimental variants on the 3rd – 4th day of the experiment (the beginning of the linear growth phase) reached the maximum value. With light limiting, the content of chl a and B-PE in the biomass does not change, however, with high light intensity, a decrease is observed in the linear growth phase. The ratio of B-PE/chl a with different light and carbon support in the experiment practically does not change and averages 12.8.","PeriodicalId":169374,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Biological Physics and Chemisrty","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114193784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-24DOI: 10.29039/rusjbpc.2022.0561
N. Koltovaya, E. Dushanov
. Currently, the structure and functioning of transmitters, which more than 250 members in different organisms, maintaining pH and osmosis, transport of amino acids and neurotransmitters, such as serotonin, are being intensively studied. This class of proteins is characterized by low nucleotide homology, but a similar structure. Enzymes have a cylindrical shape formed by transmembrane elements consisting of α-helices. Yeast arginine permiase Can1 can serve as a good model for studying the structure and mechanism of transport. The incorporation of arginine is proton pump dependent, thus Can1 catalyzes H+/arginine symport. Inactivation of Can1 leads to resistance to the arginine analogue canavanine. Widespread use of Can1R-mutation detection system allows selecting among several thousand mutations single missense mutations that inactivate Can1 yeast arginine permiase. At the 3D level, the large mutants are ranked res. 184 out of res. 590 of the enzyme. A stable dynamic model of permiase and charge landscape have been constructed. We selected several crucial amino acid residues, any replacement of which lead to enzyme inactivation. They are increased the list of the most significant amino acid residues involved in the transport of arginine. In the future, it is planned to continue the analysis of selected amino acid residues for a more detailed understanding of the mechanism of substrate transport.
{"title":"MUTATIONAL ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURE OF YEAST ARGININE PERMIASE CAN1","authors":"N. Koltovaya, E. Dushanov","doi":"10.29039/rusjbpc.2022.0561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29039/rusjbpc.2022.0561","url":null,"abstract":". Currently, the structure and functioning of transmitters, which more than 250 members in different organisms, maintaining pH and osmosis, transport of amino acids and neurotransmitters, such as serotonin, are being intensively studied. This class of proteins is characterized by low nucleotide homology, but a similar structure. Enzymes have a cylindrical shape formed by transmembrane elements consisting of α-helices. Yeast arginine permiase Can1 can serve as a good model for studying the structure and mechanism of transport. The incorporation of arginine is proton pump dependent, thus Can1 catalyzes H+/arginine symport. Inactivation of Can1 leads to resistance to the arginine analogue canavanine. Widespread use of Can1R-mutation detection system allows selecting among several thousand mutations single missense mutations that inactivate Can1 yeast arginine permiase. At the 3D level, the large mutants are ranked res. 184 out of res. 590 of the enzyme. A stable dynamic model of permiase and charge landscape have been constructed. We selected several crucial amino acid residues, any replacement of which lead to enzyme inactivation. They are increased the list of the most significant amino acid residues involved in the transport of arginine. In the future, it is planned to continue the analysis of selected amino acid residues for a more detailed understanding of the mechanism of substrate transport.","PeriodicalId":169374,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Biological Physics and Chemisrty","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129425391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-24DOI: 10.29039/rusjbpc.2022.0566
A. Pogorelov, L. Ipatova, A. Gulin, A. Kusnetsov, A. Stankevich, V. Pogorelova
Electrochemical activation of water (ECAW) is a topical method of reagent-free regulation of physicochemical parameters of aquatic food environments. The properties of solutions of macronutrients based in ECAW may differ from similar solutions on untreated water. In this work, the regularities of the interaction of the anodic and cathodic fractions of ECAW with protein molecules have been investigated. ECAW state and solutions are defined by anomalous physical chemical features (pH, redox potential) that provide ther biological activity. Solutions both low molecular and high molecular compounds prepared on the basis of ECAW can be distinguished from solutions prepared with non activated water. Applying spectral approaches (UV spectrometry, ToF – SIMS), it was shown that the analyzed mono product of protein nature (bovine serum albumin) and the complex food proteins (gelatin, casein) were modified in ECAW fractions. A number of data obtained allows us to suggest that funded effects may be provided with changes of structure in the protein and/ or its fragmentation. The shown results of the anolyte and catholyte impact on properties of bovine serum albumin confirm the perspective of the direct use of ECAW approach in the food industry for aim to improve the parameters of technological process. In the other words, electrochemical activation is the efficacious way to get acidic and alkalic solutions for replacing NaCl acid and sodium hydroxide in the industry of foodstuffs.
{"title":"SPECTROMETRY OF SERUM ALBUMIN SOLUTION IN ELECTROCHEMICALLY ACTIVATED WATER","authors":"A. Pogorelov, L. Ipatova, A. Gulin, A. Kusnetsov, A. Stankevich, V. Pogorelova","doi":"10.29039/rusjbpc.2022.0566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29039/rusjbpc.2022.0566","url":null,"abstract":"Electrochemical activation of water (ECAW) is a topical method of reagent-free regulation of physicochemical parameters of aquatic food environments. The properties of solutions of macronutrients based in ECAW may differ from similar solutions on untreated water. In this work, the regularities of the interaction of the anodic and cathodic fractions of ECAW with protein molecules have been investigated. ECAW state and solutions are defined by anomalous physical chemical features (pH, redox potential) that provide ther biological activity. Solutions both low molecular and high molecular compounds prepared on the basis of ECAW can be distinguished from solutions prepared with non activated water. Applying spectral approaches (UV spectrometry, ToF – SIMS), it was shown that the analyzed mono product of protein nature (bovine serum albumin) and the complex food proteins (gelatin, casein) were modified in ECAW fractions. A number of data obtained allows us to suggest that funded effects may be provided with changes of structure in the protein and/ or its fragmentation. The shown results of the anolyte and catholyte impact on properties of bovine serum albumin confirm the perspective of the direct use of ECAW approach in the food industry for aim to improve the parameters of technological process. In the other words, electrochemical activation is the efficacious way to get acidic and alkalic solutions for replacing NaCl acid and sodium hydroxide in the industry of foodstuffs.","PeriodicalId":169374,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Biological Physics and Chemisrty","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126823932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-24DOI: 10.29039/rusjbpc.2022.0557
N. Timchenko, I. V. Golovchenko
The use of blood preservation at low temperatures methods in medical practice makes it necessary to study the temperature effect on hemoglobin. The effect of freezing-thawing to a liquid nitrogen temperature of -196C and subsequent thawing on hemoglobin A was studied, using the methods of temperature-perturbation differential spectrophotometry and analysis of absorption spectra first derivatives. After the hemoglobin A solution freezing-thawing, a smoothing of the breaks in the S-shaped temperature intensity dependence at the maximum of the temperature-perturbation differential spectra at 286 nm is noted. This probably means that temperature-dependent conformational changes in the hemoglobin A molecule are smoothed out and become less noticeable. It should be noted that after freezing-thawing, this dependence S-shaped form is preserved, i.e. conformational changes take place, but they are less pronounced than before freezing-thawing. Thus, on the one hand, freezing the hemoglobin A solution leads to conformational changes in the hemoglobin A molecule affecting the polar regions, namely, to an increase in the polar regions availability to the solvent, which is consistent with the data on the protein globule partial unfolding, accompanied by the globin aromatic amino acids exposure to the solvent, and with the data that the freezing-thawing process leads in most cases to conformational changes in the protein, which consist in the molecule weakening and increasing the protein active sites accessibility. On the other hand, freezing of hemoglobin A solutions leads to compaction of the hemoglobin A molecule subunits. This can probably be explained by the fact that, presumably, an increase in the availability of the hemoglobin A molecule absorbing chromophores located in the polar regions to the solvent leads to the compaction of the hemoglobin molecule A other parts, not involved in increasing the amino acid residues availability to the solvent. That is, some parts of the hemoglobin A molecule become more accessible to the solvent, while others become compact.
{"title":"INFLUENCE OF FREEZING-THAWING ON THE HEMOGLOBIN TEMPERATURE BEHAVIOR","authors":"N. Timchenko, I. V. Golovchenko","doi":"10.29039/rusjbpc.2022.0557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29039/rusjbpc.2022.0557","url":null,"abstract":"The use of blood preservation at low temperatures methods in medical practice makes it necessary to study the temperature effect on hemoglobin. The effect of freezing-thawing to a liquid nitrogen temperature of -196C and subsequent thawing on hemoglobin A was studied, using the methods of temperature-perturbation differential spectrophotometry and analysis of absorption spectra first derivatives. After the hemoglobin A solution freezing-thawing, a smoothing of the breaks in the S-shaped temperature intensity dependence at the maximum of the temperature-perturbation differential spectra at 286 nm is noted. This probably means that temperature-dependent conformational changes in the hemoglobin A molecule are smoothed out and become less noticeable. It should be noted that after freezing-thawing, this dependence S-shaped form is preserved, i.e. conformational changes take place, but they are less pronounced than before freezing-thawing. Thus, on the one hand, freezing the hemoglobin A solution leads to conformational changes in the hemoglobin A molecule affecting the polar regions, namely, to an increase in the polar regions availability to the solvent, which is consistent with the data on the protein globule partial unfolding, accompanied by the globin aromatic amino acids exposure to the solvent, and with the data that the freezing-thawing process leads in most cases to conformational changes in the protein, which consist in the molecule weakening and increasing the protein active sites accessibility. On the other hand, freezing of hemoglobin A solutions leads to compaction of the hemoglobin A molecule subunits. This can probably be explained by the fact that, presumably, an increase in the availability of the hemoglobin A molecule absorbing chromophores located in the polar regions to the solvent leads to the compaction of the hemoglobin molecule A other parts, not involved in increasing the amino acid residues availability to the solvent. That is, some parts of the hemoglobin A molecule become more accessible to the solvent, while others become compact.","PeriodicalId":169374,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Biological Physics and Chemisrty","volume":"148 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132163640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-24DOI: 10.29039/rusjbpc.2022.0565
A. Pastukhov
In this article, experimental investigation and thermodynamic modelling of benzoic acid (BA) solubility in organic solvents was made. Phase diagrams of binary systems of benzoic acid – benzophenone and benzoic acid – benzil were investigated by the thermal analysis methods. Phase diagrams are studied and eutectic coordinates in these systems were determinated. Eutectic point temperature (310.3 K) and composition of benzoic acid (18 mol. %) for benzoic acid – benzophenone system and eutectic point temperature (348.5 K) and mole fraction of benzoic acid (35 mol. %) for benzoic acid – benzil system were found. In the form of a linear relationship solubility curves of benzoic acid ln X = a – b/T, X – mole fraction BA, T – temperature in K in methyl acetate (a = 2.7748, b = 1389.7), ethyl acetate (a = 1.8099, b = 1102.6), n-propyl acetate (a = 0.9580, b = 854.2), n-butyl acetate (a = 1.2178, b = 902.0), n-pentyl acetate (a = 1.0719, b = 836.0), 1,4-dioxane (a = 0.0164, b = 406.0), chlorobenzene (a = 8.2765, b = 3268.4), n-decane (a = 12.332, b = 4916.9), n-dodecane (a = 14.623, b = 5808.1) were introduced. The solubility of benzoic acid in solvents at 298 K were calculated using the Hildebrand and Hansen solubility parameters. Comparison of the experimental and literature data was hold. Dependence of benzoic acid solubility on difference of the solubility parameters and the reduced radius was established. Models for the thermodynamic description of the solubility of substances in organic solvents are considered using benzoic acid as an example. Regular solution models with Hansen solubility parameters for express calculate solubility method of benzoic acid in organic solvents were recommended.
本文对苯甲酸(BA)在有机溶剂中的溶解度进行了实验研究并建立了热力学模型。用热分析方法研究了苯甲酸-二苯甲酮和苯甲酸-苄基二元体系的相图。研究了这些体系的相图，确定了共晶坐标。测定了苯甲酸-二苯甲酮体系的共晶点温度(310.3 K)和苯甲酸组成(18 mol. %)，苯甲酸-苯甲酮体系的共晶点温度(348.5 K)和苯甲酸摩尔分数(35 mol. %)。形式的线性关系溶解度曲线的苯甲酸ln X = a - b / T, X -摩尔分数英航,T -温度K乙酸甲酯(= 2.7748,b = 1389.7),乙酸乙酯(a = 1.8099, = 1102.6),醋酸正丙酯(a = 0.9580, = 854.2),醋酸正丁酯(a = 1.2178, = 902.0),醋酸n-pentyl (= 1.0719, b = 836.0), 1,恶烷(= 0.0164,b = 406.0),氯苯(= 8.2765,b = 3268.4), n-decane (= 12.332, b = 4916.9), n-dodecane (= 14.623,B = 5808.1)。用Hildebrand和Hansen溶解度参数计算了苯甲酸在298 K溶剂中的溶解度。对实验数据和文献数据进行了比较。建立了不同的溶解度参数和还原半径对苯甲酸溶解度的影响。以苯甲酸为例，考虑了物质在有机溶剂中溶解度的热力学描述模型。提出了用汉森溶解度参数表示苯甲酸在有机溶剂中溶解度计算方法的规则溶液模型。
{"title":"THERMODYNAMIC MODELING OF SYSTEMS WITH BENZOIC ACID AS MODEL SYSTEMS FOR PHARMACEUTICALS","authors":"A. Pastukhov","doi":"10.29039/rusjbpc.2022.0565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29039/rusjbpc.2022.0565","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, experimental investigation and thermodynamic modelling of benzoic acid (BA) solubility in organic solvents was made. Phase diagrams of binary systems of benzoic acid – benzophenone and benzoic acid – benzil were investigated by the thermal analysis methods. Phase diagrams are studied and eutectic coordinates in these systems were determinated. Eutectic point temperature (310.3 K) and composition of benzoic acid (18 mol. %) for benzoic acid – benzophenone system and eutectic point temperature (348.5 K) and mole fraction of benzoic acid (35 mol. %) for benzoic acid – benzil system were found. In the form of a linear relationship solubility curves of benzoic acid ln X = a – b/T, X – mole fraction BA, T – temperature in K in methyl acetate (a = 2.7748, b = 1389.7), ethyl acetate (a = 1.8099, b = 1102.6), n-propyl acetate (a = 0.9580, b = 854.2), n-butyl acetate (a = 1.2178, b = 902.0), n-pentyl acetate \u0000(a = 1.0719, b = 836.0), 1,4-dioxane (a = 0.0164, b = 406.0), chlorobenzene (a = 8.2765, b = 3268.4), n-decane (a = 12.332, b = 4916.9), n-dodecane (a = 14.623, b = 5808.1) were introduced. The solubility of benzoic acid in solvents at 298 K were calculated using the Hildebrand and Hansen solubility parameters. Comparison of the experimental and literature data was hold. Dependence of benzoic acid solubility on difference of the solubility parameters and the reduced radius was established. Models for the thermodynamic description of the solubility of substances in organic solvents are considered using benzoic acid as an example. Regular solution models with Hansen solubility parameters for express calculate solubility method of benzoic acid in organic solvents were recommended.","PeriodicalId":169374,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Biological Physics and Chemisrty","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132056271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-24DOI: 10.29039/rusjbpc.2022.0559
V. Tverdislov
The physical basis for the functioning of living systems are molecular machines. The performance of "useful work" is the essence of their biological functions. Molecular machines are chiral hierarchically organized devices (constructions). They cyclically transform the form of energy by changing or switching symmetries in its chiral structural elements, which just realize the selected “quasi-mechanical” degrees of freedom in them. The phenomenon of chirality allows the formation of discrete chirally sign-alternating hierarchies of structures in macromolecular machines in the process of folding: starting from the level of asymmetric carbon in deoxyribose and amino acids. Previously, we have identified and analyzed the tendency of alternation of the sign of chirality of the intramolecular structural levels D-L-D-L for DNA and L-D-L-D for proteins. Helicity and superhelicity of intramolecular and supramolecular structures are also manifestations of chirality. Also, within the framework of the developed ideas, the chiral splitting of the properties of the elements of the structures ensures the unidirectional movement of machines along the energy cycle due to the nonlinear valve properties of the spiral structures. Spiral structures can serve as asymmetric, non-linear, mechanical, including switching, structural elements of molecular machines (like a ratchet-pawl device) in terms of rotational degrees of freedom.
{"title":"SYMMETRY BREAKING IS THE PHYSICAL BASIS FOR THE PERFORMANCE OF \"USEFUL WORK\" BY BIOLOGICAL MOLECULAR MACHINES","authors":"V. Tverdislov","doi":"10.29039/rusjbpc.2022.0559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29039/rusjbpc.2022.0559","url":null,"abstract":"The physical basis for the functioning of living systems are molecular machines. The performance of \"useful work\" is the essence of their biological functions. Molecular machines are chiral hierarchically organized devices (constructions). They cyclically transform the form of energy by changing or switching symmetries in its chiral structural elements, which just realize the selected “quasi-mechanical” degrees of freedom in them. The phenomenon of chirality allows the formation of discrete chirally sign-alternating hierarchies of structures in macromolecular machines in the process of folding: starting from the level of asymmetric carbon in deoxyribose and amino acids. Previously, we have identified and analyzed the tendency of alternation of the sign of chirality of the intramolecular structural levels D-L-D-L for DNA and L-D-L-D for proteins. Helicity and superhelicity of intramolecular and supramolecular structures are also manifestations of chirality. Also, within the framework of the developed ideas, the chiral splitting of the properties of the elements of the structures ensures the unidirectional movement of machines along the energy cycle due to the nonlinear valve properties of the spiral structures. Spiral structures can serve as asymmetric, non-linear, mechanical, including switching, structural elements of molecular machines (like a ratchet-pawl device) in terms of rotational degrees of freedom.","PeriodicalId":169374,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Biological Physics and Chemisrty","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132924446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-24DOI: 10.29039/rusjbpc.2022.0558
T. Kuleshova, P. Zhelnacheva, Z. Gasieva, A. Galushko, G. Panova
The influence of the nitrogen form (nitrate, amide, nitrate-ammonium) in the composition of the nutrient solution on the electrical characteristics of a bioelectrochemical system based on the electrogenic properties of lettuce was studied. The dynamics of the bioelectric potential (BEP) in the root environment-plants system, biometric and biochemical parameters of plant production using various nutrient solutions during the cultivation of lettuce by the panoponic method in intensive artificial lightculture have been registered. The average BEP value was 243 mV when using the nitrate form of nitrogen in the nutrient solution, 147 mV for the amide form and 178 mV for the nitrate-ammonium form. The maximum observed potential difference was characteristic of the variant containing nitrogen in the nitrate form, which probably indicates the potential-forming role of NO3-. An increase in the concentration of positive ions (Ca2+, K+, NH4+) on the lower electrode and negative (NO3-) on the upper one was noted, which corresponds to the polarity observed in the BES – the upper electrode is electronegative relative to the lower one. It is shown that the nutrient solution containing nitrogen in the nitrate form was the best in terms of size and stability of the studied options. The diffusion of ions in the root environment during the life of plants can become a new alternative source of electricity.
{"title":"DEPENDENCE OF THE BIOELECTRIC POTENTIAL IN THE ROOT ENVIRONMENT ON THE NITROGEN FORM IN THE NUTRIENT SOLUTION","authors":"T. Kuleshova, P. Zhelnacheva, Z. Gasieva, A. Galushko, G. Panova","doi":"10.29039/rusjbpc.2022.0558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29039/rusjbpc.2022.0558","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of the nitrogen form (nitrate, amide, nitrate-ammonium) in the composition of the nutrient solution on the electrical characteristics of a bioelectrochemical system based on the electrogenic properties of lettuce was studied. The dynamics of the bioelectric potential (BEP) in the root environment-plants system, biometric and biochemical parameters of plant production using various nutrient solutions during the cultivation of lettuce by the panoponic method in intensive artificial lightculture have been registered. The average BEP value was 243 mV when using the nitrate form of nitrogen in the nutrient solution, 147 mV for the amide form and 178 mV for the nitrate-ammonium form. The maximum observed potential difference was characteristic of the variant containing nitrogen in the nitrate form, which probably indicates the potential-forming role of NO3-. An increase in the concentration of positive ions (Ca2+, K+, NH4+) on the lower electrode and negative (NO3-) on the upper one was noted, which corresponds to the polarity observed in the BES – the upper electrode is electronegative relative to the lower one. It is shown that the nutrient solution containing nitrogen in the nitrate form was the best in terms of size and stability of the studied options. The diffusion of ions in the root environment during the life of plants can become a new alternative source of electricity.","PeriodicalId":169374,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Biological Physics and Chemisrty","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115700315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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