Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.36108/jrrslasu/8102/50(0120)
O. ATEWOLARA-ODULE, O. O. Olubomehin, E. O. Adesanya, A. Hashimi, A. Ogunmoye
Essential oil is a hydrophobic concentrated liquid which contains volatile aroma compounds from plants. Bambusa vulgaris grows widely in the tropical and subtropical regions and has been reported to have different ethnomedicinal values such as antimalaria and antioxidant. It is also known to be an ornamental plant. The essential oil was extracted from both the fresh and dried leaves of Bambusa vulgaris by hydrodistillation method using a Clevenger apparatus. The chemical constituents of the essential oils were characterized using gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The essential oils obtained are colourless with an herbal odour giving a yield of 0.64 w/w for the fresh sample and 1.08 w/w for the dried sample. A total of thirty-nine (39) compounds were identified from the essential oils of both samples. The major constituents in the fresh leaves were 3-aminodibenzofuran (19.2%), ?-ocimene (11.1%), undecane (9.6%), tridecane (8.6%), [3,2-b] pyridin-6-octahydropyrano (7.1%), 2-mono laurin (6.9%) and vinyl decanoate (5.9%). Prominent compounds of the essential oil in the dried leaves were chlorophenoxymethylenimino sulfur pentafluoride (74.5%) and 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedione (17.3%). Undecane, tridecane, hexadecane and octadecane were found both in the fresh and dried leaves. The chemical constituents of the essential oils from Nigeria Bambusa vulgaris were reported in this study for the first time to the best our knowledge and this could be useful in aromatherapy.
{"title":"Chemical composition of essential oils from Bambusa vulgaris Leaf (Fresh and Dried) Schrad. Ex J.C. Wendl. [Poaceae] obtained in Nigeria","authors":"O. ATEWOLARA-ODULE, O. O. Olubomehin, E. O. Adesanya, A. Hashimi, A. Ogunmoye","doi":"10.36108/jrrslasu/8102/50(0120)","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/jrrslasu/8102/50(0120)","url":null,"abstract":"Essential oil is a hydrophobic concentrated liquid which contains volatile aroma compounds from plants. Bambusa vulgaris grows widely in the tropical and subtropical regions and has been reported to have different ethnomedicinal values such as antimalaria and antioxidant. It is also known to be an ornamental plant. The essential oil was extracted from both the fresh and dried leaves of Bambusa vulgaris by hydrodistillation method using a Clevenger apparatus. The chemical constituents of the essential oils were characterized using gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The essential oils obtained are colourless with an herbal odour giving a yield of 0.64 w/w for the fresh sample and 1.08 w/w for the dried sample. A total of thirty-nine (39) compounds were identified from the essential oils of both samples. The major constituents in the fresh leaves were 3-aminodibenzofuran (19.2%), ?-ocimene (11.1%), undecane (9.6%), tridecane (8.6%), [3,2-b] pyridin-6-octahydropyrano (7.1%), 2-mono laurin (6.9%) and vinyl decanoate (5.9%). Prominent compounds of the essential oil in the dried leaves were chlorophenoxymethylenimino sulfur pentafluoride (74.5%) and 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedione (17.3%). Undecane, tridecane, hexadecane and octadecane were found both in the fresh and dried leaves. The chemical constituents of the essential oils from Nigeria Bambusa vulgaris were reported in this study for the first time to the best our knowledge and this could be useful in aromatherapy.","PeriodicalId":16955,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND REVIEW IN SCIENCE","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77097243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.36108/jrrslasu/8102/50(0102)
O. Babalola, A. Raji
Remnant or by-products of pesticides arising from the field or storage pest applications sometimes find their ways into the final food produce. They are called pesticide residues. Studies have shown the occurrence of these residues in various food produce including tea, fruits, vegetables, beverages and even baby and infants food. With about 800 pesticides permitted for use globally, residue becomes almost inevitable. For the infants, and young children, the health effects at that critical developmental phase could be severe and irreversible. This is because quantitative and qualitative differences in pesticides absorption, metabolism, detoxification and excretion relative to adults, make the children more susceptible due to much higher kg per body weight. This study assessed the pesticide residues in the common baby food and compared with international maximum residual limits. Using gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection, five infant and baby’s food tagged A, B, C, D and E were analyzed. In all, multiple residues involving various twenty five pesticides were detected in the five food products. Fifteen of the pesticides including resmethrin (0.0002 µg/g), chlorpyrifos (0.0002 µg/g), allethrin (0.0004 µg/g), piperonyl butoxil (0.0003 µg/g), cyfluthrin (0.0001 µg/g), chlorpyrifos methyl (0.0002 µg/g), diclorovos (0.0001 µg/g), fluridane (0.0002 µg/g), fludioxonil (0.0002 µg/g and 0.0001 µg/g), lindane (0.0002 µg/g), daminozide (0.0002 µg/g), methy paraoxon (0.0001 µg/g) and DDE.p.p (0.0002 µg/g and 0.0001 µg/g) were above the WHO and USEPA maximum residual limits. The potential interaction of different mixtures for those pesticides that are below international residual limits as well as the occurrence of those at concentrations above these standards called for serious concerns, giving their critical effects on nervous, endocrine and immune systems. Further studies must be encouraged to determine the status of residue in other foods and the elimination of these residues, particularly in the infants and baby’s food.
{"title":"Initial Survey of Pesticide Residues in Baby’s food and The Exceedances of Maximum Residual Limit (MRLs)","authors":"O. Babalola, A. Raji","doi":"10.36108/jrrslasu/8102/50(0102)","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/jrrslasu/8102/50(0102)","url":null,"abstract":"Remnant or by-products of pesticides arising from the field or storage pest applications sometimes find their ways into the final food produce. They are called pesticide residues. Studies have shown the occurrence of these residues in various food produce including tea, fruits, vegetables, beverages and even baby and infants food. With about 800 pesticides permitted for use globally, residue becomes almost inevitable. For the infants, and young children, the health effects at that critical developmental phase could be severe and irreversible. This is because quantitative and qualitative differences in pesticides absorption, metabolism, detoxification and excretion relative to adults, make the children more susceptible due to much higher kg per body weight. This study assessed the pesticide residues in the common baby food and compared with international maximum residual limits. Using gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection, five infant and baby’s food tagged A, B, C, D and E were analyzed. In all, multiple residues involving various twenty five pesticides were detected in the five food products. Fifteen of the pesticides including resmethrin (0.0002 µg/g), chlorpyrifos (0.0002 µg/g), allethrin (0.0004 µg/g), piperonyl butoxil (0.0003 µg/g), cyfluthrin (0.0001 µg/g), chlorpyrifos methyl (0.0002 µg/g), diclorovos (0.0001 µg/g), fluridane (0.0002 µg/g), fludioxonil (0.0002 µg/g and 0.0001 µg/g), lindane (0.0002 µg/g), daminozide (0.0002 µg/g), methy paraoxon (0.0001 µg/g) and DDE.p.p (0.0002 µg/g and 0.0001 µg/g) were above the WHO and USEPA maximum residual limits. The potential interaction of different mixtures for those pesticides that are below international residual limits as well as the occurrence of those at concentrations above these standards called for serious concerns, giving their critical effects on nervous, endocrine and immune systems. Further studies must be encouraged to determine the status of residue in other foods and the elimination of these residues, particularly in the infants and baby’s food.","PeriodicalId":16955,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND REVIEW IN SCIENCE","volume":"647 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76263870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.36108/jrrslasu/8102/50(0121)
O. K. Yusuff, A. A. Mukadam, A. M. Abdulraheem, Aanuoluwapo Akerele
The biosorption of Cr (III) ions from aqueous solutions by groundnut husk, a low-cost biosorbent was studied on a laboratory scale batch experiments. The effects of pH, contact time, particle size, biosorbent dosage and temperature on the adsorption of Cr (III) ions were investigated. Determination of Chromium ion concentration in solution was done using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The results show that the removal mechanism is predominantly by chemisorption and it is dependent on the physical and chemical characteristics of the biosorbent material. From the initial concentration of 0.5 mM, optimum Cr (III) ions removal was obtained at pH of 4, particle size of 0.15 nm, contact time of 180 minutes and biosorbent dosage of 50 mg, with the highest biosorption efficiency of 81.15 %. The biosorption process was best described by the BET adsorption isotherm with R2 value 0.9814 indicating multiplayer adsorption. Analysis of the experimental data revealed that the biosorption of Cr (III) ions from aqueous solution by groundnut husk is a spontaneous process with a ?Go value of -24.38 kJmol-1 at 298 K and follow the pseudo second order kinetics with a rate constant of 0.0151 min-1. The results indicate that groundnut husk can be employed as a low cost alternative to commercial adsorbents in the removal of Cr (III) ions from wastewater.
{"title":"The Kinetics and Thermodynamics studies of the biosorption of Chromium (III) ions from aqueous solution using groundnut husk","authors":"O. K. Yusuff, A. A. Mukadam, A. M. Abdulraheem, Aanuoluwapo Akerele","doi":"10.36108/jrrslasu/8102/50(0121)","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/jrrslasu/8102/50(0121)","url":null,"abstract":"The biosorption of Cr (III) ions from aqueous solutions by groundnut husk, a low-cost biosorbent was studied on a laboratory scale batch experiments. The effects of pH, contact time, particle size, biosorbent dosage and temperature on the adsorption of Cr (III) ions were investigated. Determination of Chromium ion concentration in solution was done using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The results show that the removal mechanism is predominantly by chemisorption and it is dependent on the physical and chemical characteristics of the biosorbent material. From the initial concentration of 0.5 mM, optimum Cr (III) ions removal was obtained at pH of 4, particle size of 0.15 nm, contact time of 180 minutes and biosorbent dosage of 50 mg, with the highest biosorption efficiency of 81.15 %. The biosorption process was best described by the BET adsorption isotherm with R2 value 0.9814 indicating multiplayer adsorption. Analysis of the experimental data revealed that the biosorption of Cr (III) ions from aqueous solution by groundnut husk is a spontaneous process with a ?Go value of -24.38 kJmol-1 at 298 K and follow the pseudo second order kinetics with a rate constant of 0.0151 min-1. The results indicate that groundnut husk can be employed as a low cost alternative to commercial adsorbents in the removal of Cr (III) ions from wastewater.","PeriodicalId":16955,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND REVIEW IN SCIENCE","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88981796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.36108/jrrslasu/8102/50(0190)
Adebayo Akinbulu, T. Ogunbayo
Thermodynamics of adsorption of two synthetic food colours, Tartrazine and Brilliant blue, was investigated. The adsorbent used was activated carbon, produced from saw dust waste. For each of the food colours, equilibrium studies were carried out at different temperatures (308 K, 318 K, 328 K and 338 K). The Langmuir adsorption model was employed for equilibrium studies. Amount of colour adsorbed per gram of adsorbent, at equilibrium, was influenced by molecular size of adsorbate and temperature. Adsorption at the tartrazine-adsorbent interface was exothermic, while that at the brilliant blue-adsorbent interface was endothermic. Adsorption of tartrazine was associated with a negative entropy change, while there was increased degree of disorderliness at the brilliant blue-adsorbent interface. Each of the adsorbate-adsorbent systems was associated with positive change in Gibbs free energy, within the range of temperature employed in this work.
{"title":"Thermodynamics of adsorption of food colours","authors":"Adebayo Akinbulu, T. Ogunbayo","doi":"10.36108/jrrslasu/8102/50(0190)","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/jrrslasu/8102/50(0190)","url":null,"abstract":"Thermodynamics of adsorption of two synthetic food colours, Tartrazine and Brilliant blue, was investigated. The adsorbent used was activated carbon, produced from saw dust waste. For each of the food colours, equilibrium studies were carried out at different temperatures (308 K, 318 K, 328 K and 338 K). The Langmuir adsorption model was employed for equilibrium studies. Amount of colour adsorbed per gram of adsorbent, at equilibrium, was influenced by molecular size of adsorbate and temperature. Adsorption at the tartrazine-adsorbent interface was exothermic, while that at the brilliant blue-adsorbent interface was endothermic. Adsorption of tartrazine was associated with a negative entropy change, while there was increased degree of disorderliness at the brilliant blue-adsorbent interface. Each of the adsorbate-adsorbent systems was associated with positive change in Gibbs free energy, within the range of temperature employed in this work.","PeriodicalId":16955,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND REVIEW IN SCIENCE","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90403027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.36108/jrrslasu/8102/50(0160)
A. Sobola
Introduction: The unending interest in the study of Schiff base ligands arise from the ease of their preparation and their versatility in several fields of Chemistry and Biochemistry. Some of the major biochemical processes such as trans-amination and glycosylation involve the formation of Schiff base intermediates. In addition, compounds containing the azomethine group have been found to often possess different biological activity such as anti-microbial, anti-viral and anti-inflammatory activity. In most cases, the extent of the potency depends on the nature of the constituent amino and or aldehyde moiety. Aims: The aim of this study was to synthesize, characterize and evaluate the antimicrobial activity of Schiff base ligands derived from p-vanillin and vanillin. Materials and Methods: The Schiff base ligands were prepared by condensing p-vanillin and vanillin with substituted aniline, aminonaphthalene and 3-aminopyridine respectively. The ligands have been characterized by elemental analysis, 1H- & 13C-NMR, infrared, Raman and electronic spectral data. The antimicrobial study was carried out by screening the prepared ligands against Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus ATCC® 6538™, Bacillus substillis subsp. spizizenii ATCC® 6633™*, Escherichia coli ATCC® 8739™* and Candida albicans ATCC® 2091™* using agar diffusion technique. Results: The azomethine, HC=N, 1H- & 13C-NMR signals were observed at 8.66-8.30 ppm and 164.42-157.99 ppm respectively. The infrared band appeared at 1622-1607 cm-1. The p-vanillin ligands exhibited higher activity than the vanillin based ligands. The p-hydroxyl and 3-aminopyridine ligands possess significant antimicrobial activity especially, antifungal activity. Conclusion: The spectroscopic spectral data of the compounds confirmed the formation of the Schiff base ligands. The antimicrobial activity of the compounds depends largely on the nature of the aldehyde moiety.
{"title":"Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity of p-Vanillin and Vanillin Schiff Bases","authors":"A. Sobola","doi":"10.36108/jrrslasu/8102/50(0160)","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/jrrslasu/8102/50(0160)","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The unending interest in the study of Schiff base ligands arise from the ease of their preparation and their versatility in several fields of Chemistry and Biochemistry. Some of the major biochemical processes such as trans-amination and glycosylation involve the formation of Schiff base intermediates. In addition, compounds containing the azomethine group have been found to often possess different biological activity such as anti-microbial, anti-viral and anti-inflammatory activity. In most cases, the extent of the potency depends on the nature of the constituent amino and or aldehyde moiety. Aims: The aim of this study was to synthesize, characterize and evaluate the antimicrobial activity of Schiff base ligands derived from p-vanillin and vanillin. Materials and Methods: The Schiff base ligands were prepared by condensing p-vanillin and vanillin with substituted aniline, aminonaphthalene and 3-aminopyridine respectively. The ligands have been characterized by elemental analysis, 1H- & 13C-NMR, infrared, Raman and electronic spectral data. The antimicrobial study was carried out by screening the prepared ligands against Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus ATCC® 6538™, Bacillus substillis subsp. spizizenii ATCC® 6633™*, Escherichia coli ATCC® 8739™* and Candida albicans ATCC® 2091™* using agar diffusion technique. Results: The azomethine, HC=N, 1H- & 13C-NMR signals were observed at 8.66-8.30 ppm and 164.42-157.99 ppm respectively. The infrared band appeared at 1622-1607 cm-1. The p-vanillin ligands exhibited higher activity than the vanillin based ligands. The p-hydroxyl and 3-aminopyridine ligands possess significant antimicrobial activity especially, antifungal activity. Conclusion: The spectroscopic spectral data of the compounds confirmed the formation of the Schiff base ligands. The antimicrobial activity of the compounds depends largely on the nature of the aldehyde moiety.","PeriodicalId":16955,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND REVIEW IN SCIENCE","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75259554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.36108/jrrslasu/8102/50(0111)
E. Onori
Introduction: The ionosphere owes its origin primarily to ultraviolet radiation from the Sun. The ionosphere is an essential part of the Earth’s upper atmosphere. It is ionized by solar radiation and influences transionospheric radio wave propagation. Maximum electron density of the F2- layer (NmF2) is an important parameter for studying the ionosphere. The ionospheric F2-region maximum electron density (NmF2) depends strongly on solar activity, it also suffers temporal and spatial variations. Aim: The aim of this paper is to investigate the response of NmF2 to solar activity during high solar activity (HSA), moderate solar activity (MSA) and low solar activity (LSA) years using correlation analysis. Materials and Methods: The data used in this work are the hourly NmF2 values derived from foF2 data observed at Jicamarca (Lat.11.9 oS, Long.76.8 oW) and Puerto Rico (Lat.18.5 oN, Long.67.2 oW) during high solar activity HSA (2002), moderate solar activity MSA (2011) and low solar activity LSA (2006) years. The NmF2 data were evaluated using the relation in equation 1 NmF2 = 1.24 x 1010 (foF2)2 (1) Where NmF2 is in el/m3 and foF2 is in MHz. Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) was used to further analyse the NmF2 data. Results: Our results revealed two unequal NmF2 peaks. The NmF2 peaks values at Jicamarca (60 - 240; 63– 204) x 1010 el/m3 are observed to be higher in values than those at Puerto Rico (63 – 187; 57 – 164) x 1010 el/m3. The highest NmF2 peak values of 240 and 187x 1010 el/m3 occurred during March equinox at 09:00 and 14:00 hours at Jicamarca and Puerto Rico respectively during HSA year. Conclusion: Correlation analysis for the three epochs of solar activity revealed that NmF2 showed positive correlation with sunspot number with highest correlation values of 0.904 and 0.976 at Jicamarca and Puerto Rico stations respectively during MSA year.
{"title":"RESPONSE OF F2- REGION MAXIMUM ELECTRON DENSITY (NmF2/foF2) TO SOLAR ACTIVITY USING PEARSON PRODUCT MOMENT CORRELATION","authors":"E. Onori","doi":"10.36108/jrrslasu/8102/50(0111)","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/jrrslasu/8102/50(0111)","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The ionosphere owes its origin primarily to ultraviolet radiation from the Sun. The ionosphere is an essential part of the Earth’s upper atmosphere. It is ionized by solar radiation and influences transionospheric radio wave propagation. Maximum electron density of the F2- layer (NmF2) is an important parameter for studying the ionosphere. The ionospheric F2-region maximum electron density (NmF2) depends strongly on solar activity, it also suffers temporal and spatial variations. Aim: The aim of this paper is to investigate the response of NmF2 to solar activity during high solar activity (HSA), moderate solar activity (MSA) and low solar activity (LSA) years using correlation analysis. Materials and Methods: The data used in this work are the hourly NmF2 values derived from foF2 data observed at Jicamarca (Lat.11.9 oS, Long.76.8 oW) and Puerto Rico (Lat.18.5 oN, Long.67.2 oW) during high solar activity HSA (2002), moderate solar activity MSA (2011) and low solar activity LSA (2006) years. The NmF2 data were evaluated using the relation in equation 1 NmF2 = 1.24 x 1010 (foF2)2 (1) Where NmF2 is in el/m3 and foF2 is in MHz. Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) was used to further analyse the NmF2 data. Results: Our results revealed two unequal NmF2 peaks. The NmF2 peaks values at Jicamarca (60 - 240; 63– 204) x 1010 el/m3 are observed to be higher in values than those at Puerto Rico (63 – 187; 57 – 164) x 1010 el/m3. The highest NmF2 peak values of 240 and 187x 1010 el/m3 occurred during March equinox at 09:00 and 14:00 hours at Jicamarca and Puerto Rico respectively during HSA year. Conclusion: Correlation analysis for the three epochs of solar activity revealed that NmF2 showed positive correlation with sunspot number with highest correlation values of 0.904 and 0.976 at Jicamarca and Puerto Rico stations respectively during MSA year.","PeriodicalId":16955,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND REVIEW IN SCIENCE","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80358948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.36108/JRRSLASU/8102/50(0131)
Afolabi Ojerinde, P. Adewole
This paper presents human induced crisis management system using big data infrastructure. This approach was motivated by the already established fact that human induced crisis are characterized by velocity, variety and volume. This paper therefore employed Hadoop big data stack, web technology to design and implement a crisis management model. The resulting system comprises analytical engine, custom website and a desktop application called “Channel”. The Hadoop distributed file system was used for data storage in the analytical engine, crisis data were collected via Twitter API and web service generated by the project website using Apache Flume and Channel respectively. Apache Hive was used to analyse the collected data and the analysed result were posted back to custom website using Channel. The system was evaluated using Mean Opinion Score (MOS) to test for its applicability, usability and reliability. The perceived applicability rating of 74%, usability rating of 73% and reliability rating of 57% were obtained. The resulting system provides insight into crisis situation; promote rapid situational awareness, aid policy formulation and monitoring.
{"title":"MANAGING HUMAN INDUCED CRISIS WITH BIG DATA INFRASTRUCTURE","authors":"Afolabi Ojerinde, P. Adewole","doi":"10.36108/JRRSLASU/8102/50(0131)","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/JRRSLASU/8102/50(0131)","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents human induced crisis management system using big data infrastructure. This approach was motivated by the already established fact that human induced crisis are characterized by velocity, variety and volume. This paper therefore employed Hadoop big data stack, web technology to design and implement a crisis management model. The resulting system comprises analytical engine, custom website and a desktop application called “Channel”. The Hadoop distributed file system was used for data storage in the analytical engine, crisis data were collected via Twitter API and web service generated by the project website using Apache Flume and Channel respectively. Apache Hive was used to analyse the collected data and the analysed result were posted back to custom website using Channel. The system was evaluated using Mean Opinion Score (MOS) to test for its applicability, usability and reliability. The perceived applicability rating of 74%, usability rating of 73% and reliability rating of 57% were obtained. The resulting system provides insight into crisis situation; promote rapid situational awareness, aid policy formulation and monitoring.","PeriodicalId":16955,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND REVIEW IN SCIENCE","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80883369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.36108/jrrslasu/8102/50(0130)
S. Oluwole, M. L. Ogun, Olusesan O. Balogun
Introduction: Climate change is an ecological challenge faced by the whole world especially Lagos state. This has resulted into water stress problems faced by plants and animals; thus, reducing their availability, production and yield. Aim: Talinum triangulare (water leaf) growth is hinged on the availability of optimum water in soil. It is against this that this requirement study tends to determine the effects of different watering regimes on the growth of water leaf. Materials and methods: Seeds obtained from Lagos State Agricultural Inputs Supply, Ojo, Lagos State were planted in pots filled with loamy soil. Watering regime experiments viz adequately watered (control), moderately water stressed, strongly watered stressed and very wet were carried out on the growth of T. triangulare for 7 weeks at the greenhouse, Department of Botany, Lagos State University. Results: The data collected were analyzed and results revealed that the adequately watered (control) and moderately water stressed (dry treated) seedlings performed better in terms of stem height, root and shoot dry weight, number of leaves and total biomass. The strongly watered stressed seedlings also experienced growth which was rapid initially but later slowed down abruptly. The very wet treated seedlings had stunted growth but flowered first alongside the strongly watered stressed seedlings. It was also observed that the control and strongly water stressed seedlings contained higher mineral nutrients. Conclusion: Adequately watered (control) and moderately water stressed (dry treated) treatments are the best watering regimes for the growth of T. triangulare.
{"title":"EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT WATERING REGIMES ON THE GROWTH OF TALINUM TRIANGULARE JACQ. (WATER LEAF)","authors":"S. Oluwole, M. L. Ogun, Olusesan O. Balogun","doi":"10.36108/jrrslasu/8102/50(0130)","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/jrrslasu/8102/50(0130)","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Climate change is an ecological challenge faced by the whole world especially Lagos state. This has resulted into water stress problems faced by plants and animals; thus, reducing their availability, production and yield. Aim: Talinum triangulare (water leaf) growth is hinged on the availability of optimum water in soil. It is against this that this requirement study tends to determine the effects of different watering regimes on the growth of water leaf. Materials and methods: Seeds obtained from Lagos State Agricultural Inputs Supply, Ojo, Lagos State were planted in pots filled with loamy soil. Watering regime experiments viz adequately watered (control), moderately water stressed, strongly watered stressed and very wet were carried out on the growth of T. triangulare for 7 weeks at the greenhouse, Department of Botany, Lagos State University. Results: The data collected were analyzed and results revealed that the adequately watered (control) and moderately water stressed (dry treated) seedlings performed better in terms of stem height, root and shoot dry weight, number of leaves and total biomass. The strongly watered stressed seedlings also experienced growth which was rapid initially but later slowed down abruptly. The very wet treated seedlings had stunted growth but flowered first alongside the strongly watered stressed seedlings. It was also observed that the control and strongly water stressed seedlings contained higher mineral nutrients. Conclusion: Adequately watered (control) and moderately water stressed (dry treated) treatments are the best watering regimes for the growth of T. triangulare.","PeriodicalId":16955,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND REVIEW IN SCIENCE","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83298218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.36108/jrrslasu/8102/50(0161)
O. Adesina
SMS language is characterized by fashion and user’s creativity but needs a transformation to proper English words or spelling to formulate natural language and text processing activities. The proposed application, Web Information Retrieval System Architecture Based on SMS (WIRSABoSMS), normalizes SMS language to retain its original syntactic structure. The concept of mobile agents in web technology was introduced as a medium to achieving Short Message Service (SMS) normalization. SMS normalization was carried out with the adoption of multi-agent technology, as agents are involved in character search, sort, and compare of the strings written in SMS form into its parental orthography. This architecture was designed based on web information retrieval system (IRS) in order to achieve SMS normalization. BLEU (bilingual evaluation understudy) was used to evaluate the quality of text. BLEU scores compare the human judgment with that of the machine translation using two set of corpora. The outcome of syntactic text message normalization recorded an average of 90% performance (for the corpus collected from researchers) when compared with the similar test conducted with human judgment using BLEU scores metric in an health-related domain.
{"title":"A Multi-Agent Based Approach to Short Message Service (SMS) Normalization System","authors":"O. Adesina","doi":"10.36108/jrrslasu/8102/50(0161)","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/jrrslasu/8102/50(0161)","url":null,"abstract":"SMS language is characterized by fashion and user’s creativity but needs a transformation to proper English words or spelling to formulate natural language and text processing activities. The proposed application, Web Information Retrieval System Architecture Based on SMS (WIRSABoSMS), normalizes SMS language to retain its original syntactic structure. The concept of mobile agents in web technology was introduced as a medium to achieving Short Message Service (SMS) normalization. SMS normalization was carried out with the adoption of multi-agent technology, as agents are involved in character search, sort, and compare of the strings written in SMS form into its parental orthography. This architecture was designed based on web information retrieval system (IRS) in order to achieve SMS normalization. BLEU (bilingual evaluation understudy) was used to evaluate the quality of text. BLEU scores compare the human judgment with that of the machine translation using two set of corpora. The outcome of syntactic text message normalization recorded an average of 90% performance (for the corpus collected from researchers) when compared with the similar test conducted with human judgment using BLEU scores metric in an health-related domain.","PeriodicalId":16955,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND REVIEW IN SCIENCE","volume":"286 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87098737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.36108/jrrslasu/8102/50(0171)
Mathew Oladipupo, N. R. Osungbemiro, Gafar Bankole, R. O. Sanni
Introduction: Tilapias (Family Cichlidae) are among the freshwater fish species suitable for aquaculture and widely cultivated globally because of their fast growth rate, efficient use of natural aquatic foods, propensity to consume a variety of supplementary feeds, omnivorous feeding habits, resistance to disease and handling, ease of reproduction in captivity, and tolerance to wide ranges of environmental conditions Aims: Experiment was conducted to evaluate the growth performance of Oreochromis niloticus fed varying levels of Basella alba leave based diets. Materials and Methods: O. niloticus fingerlings (1.95±0.01g) were randomly selected and distributed into 15 glass tanks at the rate of 15 fish per tank representing five treatments and three replicates. Five diets were formulated to containing (0, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 g/100kg diets) of B. alba were prepared and fed to the fish for 70 days. Results: The results revealed that weight gain, specific growth rate, feed intake and feed conversion ratio improved progressively up to the inclusion level of 2.0 g/100g of B. alba leave meal and then declined indicating 2.0g/100g B. alba leave meal as the optimum level that can promote the growth performance of the fish. However, 4th degree polynomial regression analysis indicated the optimum level as about 2.1 g/100g diet. It was observed that there was no significant difference in the survival (p > 0.05) of the fish fed diets with different B. alba leave meal. Conclusion: Based on the results obtained from this present study, it could be concluded that 2.0-2.1 g/100kg of B. alba leave can be included in the diets of O. niloticus fingerlings for optimum growth performance.
{"title":"EFFECT OF BASELLA ALBA ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF NILE TILAPIA (Oreochromis niloticus) FINGERLINGS.","authors":"Mathew Oladipupo, N. R. Osungbemiro, Gafar Bankole, R. O. Sanni","doi":"10.36108/jrrslasu/8102/50(0171)","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/jrrslasu/8102/50(0171)","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Tilapias (Family Cichlidae) are among the freshwater fish species suitable for aquaculture and widely cultivated globally because of their fast growth rate, efficient use of natural aquatic foods, propensity to consume a variety of supplementary feeds, omnivorous feeding habits, resistance to disease and handling, ease of reproduction in captivity, and tolerance to wide ranges of environmental conditions Aims: Experiment was conducted to evaluate the growth performance of Oreochromis niloticus fed varying levels of Basella alba leave based diets. Materials and Methods: O. niloticus fingerlings (1.95±0.01g) were randomly selected and distributed into 15 glass tanks at the rate of 15 fish per tank representing five treatments and three replicates. Five diets were formulated to containing (0, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 g/100kg diets) of B. alba were prepared and fed to the fish for 70 days. Results: The results revealed that weight gain, specific growth rate, feed intake and feed conversion ratio improved progressively up to the inclusion level of 2.0 g/100g of B. alba leave meal and then declined indicating 2.0g/100g B. alba leave meal as the optimum level that can promote the growth performance of the fish. However, 4th degree polynomial regression analysis indicated the optimum level as about 2.1 g/100g diet. It was observed that there was no significant difference in the survival (p > 0.05) of the fish fed diets with different B. alba leave meal. Conclusion: Based on the results obtained from this present study, it could be concluded that 2.0-2.1 g/100kg of B. alba leave can be included in the diets of O. niloticus fingerlings for optimum growth performance.","PeriodicalId":16955,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND REVIEW IN SCIENCE","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83510764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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