Pub Date : 2024-07-12DOI: 10.36108/jrrslasu/4202.11.0180
Olusegun B. Samuel, Mulikat O. King
Introduction: Aquatic organisms, especially fish, are highly sensitive to environmental changes that can profoundly affect their physiological processes essential for survival. Physico-chemical factors such as salinity and pH exert significant influences on osmoregulation and ion balance, which are critical for maintaining cellular homeostasis in fish. Aims: This study aims to explore how varying levels of salinity and pH affect plasma electrolyte concentrations in Clarias gariepinus, focusing on potassium (K+), sodium (Na+), chloride (Cl−), and bicarbonate (HCO3−) ions. The objective is to understand the physiological responses of C. gariepinus to these environmental factors and their potential as biomarkers for assessing aquatic ecosystem health. Materials and Methods: Juvenile C. gariepinus was exposed to different salinity levels (4 ‰, 6 ‰, 8 ‰) and pH levels (4, 6, 8) over 21 days. Plasma electrolyte concentrations were measured using an SFRI ISE 6000 Electrolyte Analyser. Statistical analysis included ANOVA and DMRT to identify significant differences (p < 0.05) among experimental groups. Results: The study found significant variations in K+, Cl−, Na+, and HCO3- concentrations in C. gariepinus across different salinity and pH conditions. K+ levels decreased with increasing salinity, indicating stress-induced responses, while pH variations had less pronounced effects on K+ regulation. Cl− concentrations increased with higher salinity levels, suggesting adaptive osmoregulatory strategies. Na+ levels showed significant fluctuations across salinity and pH conditions, whereas HCO3− levels responded uniquely to changes in these parameters, demonstrating adaptive mechanisms in acid-base balance. Conclusion: This research underscores the adaptive responses of C. gariepinus to fluctuations in salinity and pH, highlighting their ability to maintain plasma electrolyte balance under varying environmental conditions. These findings contribute to understanding the ecophysiological adaptations of C. gariepinus and suggest the potential utility of plasma electrolytes as biomarkers for assessing the health of aquatic ecosystems.
{"title":"Plasma Electrolytes Response in Mud Catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822) exposed to Different Regimes of Salinity and pH","authors":"Olusegun B. Samuel, Mulikat O. King","doi":"10.36108/jrrslasu/4202.11.0180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/jrrslasu/4202.11.0180","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Aquatic organisms, especially fish, are highly sensitive to environmental changes that can profoundly affect their physiological processes essential for survival. Physico-chemical factors such as salinity and pH exert significant influences on osmoregulation and ion balance, which are critical for maintaining cellular homeostasis in fish. Aims: This study aims to explore how varying levels of salinity and pH affect plasma electrolyte concentrations in Clarias gariepinus, focusing on potassium (K+), sodium (Na+), chloride (Cl−), and bicarbonate (HCO3−) ions. The objective is to understand the physiological responses of C. gariepinus to these environmental factors and their potential as biomarkers for assessing aquatic ecosystem health. Materials and Methods: Juvenile C. gariepinus was exposed to different salinity levels (4 ‰, 6 ‰, 8 ‰) and pH levels (4, 6, 8) over 21 days. Plasma electrolyte concentrations were measured using an SFRI ISE 6000 Electrolyte Analyser. Statistical analysis included ANOVA and DMRT to identify significant differences (p < 0.05) among experimental groups. Results: The study found significant variations in K+, Cl−, Na+, and HCO3- concentrations in C. gariepinus across different salinity and pH conditions. K+ levels decreased with increasing salinity, indicating stress-induced responses, while pH variations had less pronounced effects on K+ regulation. Cl− concentrations increased with higher salinity levels, suggesting adaptive osmoregulatory strategies. Na+ levels showed significant fluctuations across salinity and pH conditions, whereas HCO3− levels responded uniquely to changes in these parameters, demonstrating adaptive mechanisms in acid-base balance. Conclusion: This research underscores the adaptive responses of C. gariepinus to fluctuations in salinity and pH, highlighting their ability to maintain plasma electrolyte balance under varying environmental conditions. These findings contribute to understanding the ecophysiological adaptations of C. gariepinus and suggest the potential utility of plasma electrolytes as biomarkers for assessing the health of aquatic ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":16955,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND REVIEW IN SCIENCE","volume":"174 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141834483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-11DOI: 10.36108/jrrslasu/4202.11.0170
Abdul-Azeez A. Anjorin, Ghazal A. Adegbesan, Ayomide M. Dada, Saburi A. Sayid, Mary T. Ojikutu, Ilerioluwa O. Kilani, R. Anyanwu, Olumuyiwa B. Salu3, S. Omilabu
A total of 1.3 million people died from tuberculosis (TB) in 2022 (including 167,000 individuals with HIV) with a large proportion of them from sub-Saharan Africa. Unfortunately, there is paucity of data on influenza virus in both tuberculosis and HIV patients in Nigeria. Hence this study was designed to investigate influenza virus in tuberculosis and HIV patients attending chest clinics in Lagos State. A total number of 400 samples were collected from four different health facilities including three general hospitals and one tertiary institution health center. The population consists of 32.8% (131/400) males and 67.2% (269/400) females of which 11% (30/269) were pregnant. Their age ranged from 7 to > 65 years. Nasopharyngeal samples were extracted for influenza RNA with QIAamp mini kit followed by RT-PCR amplification. TB and HIV tests were performed as part of clinical management. Of the total patients tested, 26.8% (90/336) were HIV positive, 7.3% (29/400) had malaria parasitaemia, 2.5% (10/400) had tuberculosis and 1.8% (7/400) was asthmatic. Furthermore, the result showed 2.3% (9/400) low molecular prevalence to influenza A virus out of which 66.7% (6/9) were females. Interestingly, out of the nine (9) influenza A virus positive patients, 66.7% (6/9) had HIV, 44.4% (4/9) had TB while 33.3% (3/9) were co-infected with TB and HIV. Ikorodu General Hospital accounted for 55.6% (5/9) molecular prevalence to influenza while 44.4% (4/9) was recorded in Badagry General Hospital. In conclusion, this study is the first report of molecular detection of influenza virus in TB and HIV patients in Nigeria. The co-infection of influenza virus in TB and HIV patients underscores the need for a national surveillance and provision of influenza vaccines and antiviral drugs for the affected individuals.
{"title":"Influenza virus detected in Patients screened for Mycobacterium tuberculosis and HIV","authors":"Abdul-Azeez A. Anjorin, Ghazal A. Adegbesan, Ayomide M. Dada, Saburi A. Sayid, Mary T. Ojikutu, Ilerioluwa O. Kilani, R. Anyanwu, Olumuyiwa B. Salu3, S. Omilabu","doi":"10.36108/jrrslasu/4202.11.0170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/jrrslasu/4202.11.0170","url":null,"abstract":"A total of 1.3 million people died from tuberculosis (TB) in 2022 (including 167,000 individuals with HIV) with a large proportion of them from sub-Saharan Africa. Unfortunately, there is paucity of data on influenza virus in both tuberculosis and HIV patients in Nigeria. Hence this study was designed to investigate influenza virus in tuberculosis and HIV patients attending chest clinics in Lagos State. A total number of 400 samples were collected from four different health facilities including three general hospitals and one tertiary institution health center. The population consists of 32.8% (131/400) males and 67.2% (269/400) females of which 11% (30/269) were pregnant. Their age ranged from 7 to > 65 years. Nasopharyngeal samples were extracted for influenza RNA with QIAamp mini kit followed by RT-PCR amplification. TB and HIV tests were performed as part of clinical management. Of the total patients tested, 26.8% (90/336) were HIV positive, 7.3% (29/400) had malaria parasitaemia, 2.5% (10/400) had tuberculosis and 1.8% (7/400) was asthmatic. Furthermore, the result showed 2.3% (9/400) low molecular prevalence to influenza A virus out of which 66.7% (6/9) were females. Interestingly, out of the nine (9) influenza A virus positive patients, 66.7% (6/9) had HIV, 44.4% (4/9) had TB while 33.3% (3/9) were co-infected with TB and HIV. Ikorodu General Hospital accounted for 55.6% (5/9) molecular prevalence to influenza while 44.4% (4/9) was recorded in Badagry General Hospital. In conclusion, this study is the first report of molecular detection of influenza virus in TB and HIV patients in Nigeria. The co-infection of influenza virus in TB and HIV patients underscores the need for a national surveillance and provision of influenza vaccines and antiviral drugs for the affected individuals.","PeriodicalId":16955,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND REVIEW IN SCIENCE","volume":"94 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141835219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-24DOI: 10.36108/jrrslasu/2202.90.0160
O. Ogundare, S. Akoro, M. Kazeem
Introduction: Therapeutic application of medicinal plants is Therapeutic application of medicinal plants is largely based on their chemical contents which synergistically work together in the same or different plants. Aims: This research assessed the synergistic antidiabetic and hypolipidemic potential of ethanol leaf extract of Vernonia amygdalina (VAMG) and Croton zambesicus (CZMG) in alloxan-induced diabetic male Wistar rats in other to justify the traditional medicinal application of the extracts as antidiabetic agents. Materials and Methods: The plants were collected, air-dried, and extracted separately in ethanol to produce the respective extracts (VAMG and CZMG). Secondary metabolites in each extract were screened using standard methods. The acute toxicity tests were carried out to determine the median lethal dose (LD50) of the respective extracts. The animals were induced with diabetics using alloxan monohydrate and the ones showing fasting blood glucose of 250 mg/ dL were used for the study. The blood sugar levels and body weights of the diabetic rats were observed after the administration of the different extracts and the combined extracts for 28 days. The effects of the different extracts on lipid profile and hepatic enzymes of the diabetic rats were also studied. Results: The blood sugar levels and body weights of the diabetic rats were observed after the administration of the different extracts and the combined extracts for 28 days. The effects of the different extracts on lipid profile and hepatic enzymes of the diabetic rats were also studied. The extracts contained tannins, flavonoids, saponins, phenolics and glycosides. Moreover, the exposure of the alloxan-induced diabetic rats to the combined plant extract (VACZ) caused a significantly (P < .05) reduced fasting blood sugar concentration, serum ALT, ALP, AST, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, and VLDL cholesterol, and an increased body weight, total protein and HDL cholesterol. The activity was comparable with the glibenclamide. Conclusion: Thus, the tested leaf extracts contained bioactive components whose synergistic activity could trigger a significant reduction of the blood sugar concentration and regulates the activity of hepatic indices in alloxan-induced diabetic rats than during a single administration. The extracts’ biological activity was comparable to the glibenclamide, and could be used in the development of antidiabetic candidate. The results confirmed the scientific basis of the traditional application of these medicinal plants.
{"title":"Synergistic effect of ethanol extracts of Vernonia amygdalina and Croton zambesicus in alloxan-induced diabetic rats","authors":"O. Ogundare, S. Akoro, M. Kazeem","doi":"10.36108/jrrslasu/2202.90.0160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/jrrslasu/2202.90.0160","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Therapeutic application of medicinal plants is Therapeutic application of medicinal plants is largely based on their chemical contents which synergistically work together in the same or different plants. Aims: This research assessed the synergistic antidiabetic and hypolipidemic potential of ethanol leaf extract of Vernonia amygdalina (VAMG) and Croton zambesicus (CZMG) in alloxan-induced diabetic male Wistar rats in other to justify the traditional medicinal application of the extracts as antidiabetic agents. Materials and Methods: The plants were collected, air-dried, and extracted separately in ethanol to produce the respective extracts (VAMG and CZMG). Secondary metabolites in each extract were screened using standard methods. The acute toxicity tests were carried out to determine the median lethal dose (LD50) of the respective extracts. The animals were induced with diabetics using alloxan monohydrate and the ones showing fasting blood glucose of 250 mg/ dL were used for the study. The blood sugar levels and body weights of the diabetic rats were observed after the administration of the different extracts and the combined extracts for 28 days. The effects of the different extracts on lipid profile and hepatic enzymes of the diabetic rats were also studied. Results: The blood sugar levels and body weights of the diabetic rats were observed after the administration of the different extracts and the combined extracts for 28 days. The effects of the different extracts on lipid profile and hepatic enzymes of the diabetic rats were also studied. The extracts contained tannins, flavonoids, saponins, phenolics and glycosides. Moreover, the exposure of the alloxan-induced diabetic rats to the combined plant extract (VACZ) caused a significantly (P < .05) reduced fasting blood sugar concentration, serum ALT, ALP, AST, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, and VLDL cholesterol, and an increased body weight, total protein and HDL cholesterol. The activity was comparable with the glibenclamide. Conclusion: Thus, the tested leaf extracts contained bioactive components whose synergistic activity could trigger a significant reduction of the blood sugar concentration and regulates the activity of hepatic indices in alloxan-induced diabetic rats than during a single administration. The extracts’ biological activity was comparable to the glibenclamide, and could be used in the development of antidiabetic candidate. The results confirmed the scientific basis of the traditional application of these medicinal plants.","PeriodicalId":16955,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND REVIEW IN SCIENCE","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88375811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-24DOI: 10.36108/jrrslasu/2202.90.0150
S. Akoro
Introduction: Aristolochia ringens is a medicinal plant that has been used traditionally in the management of several diseases. Aim: This study is focused on investigating the phytochemical contents, mineral contents, free radical scavenging, and alpha-amylase inhibitory activities of Aristolochia ringens (Vahl.) root Materials and Methods: The plant materials were collected, dried, coarsely grounded, and extracted using methanol. The methanol extract was then partitioned into n-hexane and ethyl acetate to obtain the respective extracts. The qualitative phytochemical screening of the extracts was carried out using standard methods. Selected elements were determined from the plant material using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The antioxidant assays were carried out using the reducing power and 2,2-Diphenyl-l-1-picrylhydrazyl assay methods. The alpha-amylase inhibitory activities were determined preliminarily using the starch-iodide assay. Results: The extraction gave the methanol extract (ArMe) which on partitioning gave the n-Hexane (ArnH), ethyl acetate extract (ArEa), and the residual methanol extract (ArRMe), qualitative phytochemical screening shows the presence of flavonoids, steroids, cardiac glycosides, and phlobatannin in all the extracts with tannins and alkaloids found in only ArRMe, saponins is found in ArRMe and ArEa. Elemental analysis shows a significant level of the selected elements Ca, Mg, K, Fe, Zn, Na, Cu, Co, and Se in ppm. Antioxidant results show that all extracts exhibit dose-dependent reducing properties and an increase in DPPH scavenging activity. Conclusion: These results further confirmed some of the traditional uses of A. ringens in the management of high blood pressure, diabetes, and inflammatory conditions.
{"title":"INVESTIGATION OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL CONTENTS, MINERAL CONTENTS, FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING, AND ALPHA-AMYLASE INHIBITORY ACTIVITIES OF ARISTOLOCHIA RINGENS (VAHL.) ROOT","authors":"S. Akoro","doi":"10.36108/jrrslasu/2202.90.0150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/jrrslasu/2202.90.0150","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Aristolochia ringens is a medicinal plant that has been used traditionally in the management of several diseases. Aim: This study is focused on investigating the phytochemical contents, mineral contents, free radical scavenging, and alpha-amylase inhibitory activities of Aristolochia ringens (Vahl.) root Materials and Methods: The plant materials were collected, dried, coarsely grounded, and extracted using methanol. The methanol extract was then partitioned into n-hexane and ethyl acetate to obtain the respective extracts. The qualitative phytochemical screening of the extracts was carried out using standard methods. Selected elements were determined from the plant material using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The antioxidant assays were carried out using the reducing power and 2,2-Diphenyl-l-1-picrylhydrazyl assay methods. The alpha-amylase inhibitory activities were determined preliminarily using the starch-iodide assay. Results: The extraction gave the methanol extract (ArMe) which on partitioning gave the n-Hexane (ArnH), ethyl acetate extract (ArEa), and the residual methanol extract (ArRMe), qualitative phytochemical screening shows the presence of flavonoids, steroids, cardiac glycosides, and phlobatannin in all the extracts with tannins and alkaloids found in only ArRMe, saponins is found in ArRMe and ArEa. Elemental analysis shows a significant level of the selected elements Ca, Mg, K, Fe, Zn, Na, Cu, Co, and Se in ppm. Antioxidant results show that all extracts exhibit dose-dependent reducing properties and an increase in DPPH scavenging activity. Conclusion: These results further confirmed some of the traditional uses of A. ringens in the management of high blood pressure, diabetes, and inflammatory conditions.","PeriodicalId":16955,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND REVIEW IN SCIENCE","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87496295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-24DOI: 10.36108/jrrslasu/2202.90.0140
I. Osonuga, B. Olukade, Albert OgunladeSamuel Olalekan, Samuel Olalekan
Background: To date, only a few studies have attempted to monitor the changes in antioxidant enzyme levels by using massage devices. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of massage on superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (antioxidant) in undergraduate students of Olabisi Onabanjo University. Methods: Ten (10) Subjects from Physiology department, Olabisi Onabanjo University were recruited for the study via personal contact. The participants received vibratory massage on the back for 10 days. Data from 10 participants were used for analysis. All subjects were apparently healthy as confirmed by their medical history and were not taking any medications. Results: There was a significant decrease (p<0.05) in the antioxidant enzyme SOD level while a non-significant decrease (p>0.05) in Catalase level in the subjects under experiment when results at the end of experiment was compared to baseline result. Conclusion: The result of this present study showed that vibratory massage hammer may be an effective strategy for reducing oxidative stress and free radicals are eliminated and also useful in the prevention and treatment of diseases associated with oxidation: stress, pain, injury.
{"title":"THE EFFECT OF VIBRATORY MASSAGE HAMMER ON SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE (SOD) AND CATALASE IN UNDERGRADRATE STUDENTS OF OLABISI ONABANJO UNIVERSITY","authors":"I. Osonuga, B. Olukade, Albert OgunladeSamuel Olalekan, Samuel Olalekan","doi":"10.36108/jrrslasu/2202.90.0140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/jrrslasu/2202.90.0140","url":null,"abstract":"Background: To date, only a few studies have attempted to monitor the changes in antioxidant enzyme levels by using massage devices. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of massage on superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (antioxidant) in undergraduate students of Olabisi Onabanjo University. Methods: Ten (10) Subjects from Physiology department, Olabisi Onabanjo University were recruited for the study via personal contact. The participants received vibratory massage on the back for 10 days. Data from 10 participants were used for analysis. All subjects were apparently healthy as confirmed by their medical history and were not taking any medications. Results: There was a significant decrease (p<0.05) in the antioxidant enzyme SOD level while a non-significant decrease (p>0.05) in Catalase level in the subjects under experiment when results at the end of experiment was compared to baseline result. Conclusion: The result of this present study showed that vibratory massage hammer may be an effective strategy for reducing oxidative stress and free radicals are eliminated and also useful in the prevention and treatment of diseases associated with oxidation: stress, pain, injury.","PeriodicalId":16955,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND REVIEW IN SCIENCE","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85335018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-31DOI: 10.36108/jrrslasu/2202.90.0130
O. Ogunrinola
Introduction: An imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants causes oxidative stress, which has detrimental consequences for a variety of health issues. Petiveria alliaceae (P. alliaceae) is a global plant having a variety of bioactive chemicals that have a variety of therapeutic uses. Aims: The objective of this study was to investigate the protective effect of P. alliaceae leaf aqueous extract on oxidative stress biomarkers in male rats with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced-endotoxicity. Materials and Methods: Twenty-five (25) male albino rats were divided into five (n = 5) groups at random. Group 1 was used as a control, Group 2 was given P. alliaceae aqueous extract (1000 mg/kg body weight), Group 3 was given LPS, a single intraperitoneal dose (4 ml/kg body weight), and was observed for 4 hours before being sacrificed, Group 4 was given LPS (observed for 4 hours) and treated with P. alliaceae for 7 days, Group 5 was given P. alliaceae extract for 7 days, then Spectrophotometric analysis was used to evaluate the activities of oxidative stress biomarkers (catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in plasma, erythrocytes, brain, liver, kidney, and heart. Results: As seen in this work, oxidative stress is a characteristic of LPS-induced endotoxicity. Following LPS injection, P. alliaceae leaf aqueous extract significantly (p 0.05) increased CAT and SOD activities. Conclusion The aqueous extract of P. alliaceae leaf reduced the effect of endotoxins in the body by mopping up free radicals, according to the findings
{"title":"etiveria alliaceae EXTRACT HAD A PROTECTIVE IMPACT ON OXIDATIVE STRESS BIOMARKERS IN MALE RATS WITH LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE-INDUCED ENDOTOXICITY","authors":"O. Ogunrinola","doi":"10.36108/jrrslasu/2202.90.0130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/jrrslasu/2202.90.0130","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: An imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants causes oxidative stress, which has detrimental consequences for a variety of health issues. Petiveria alliaceae (P. alliaceae) is a global plant having a variety of bioactive chemicals that have a variety of therapeutic uses. Aims: The objective of this study was to investigate the protective effect of P. alliaceae leaf aqueous extract on oxidative stress biomarkers in male rats with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced-endotoxicity. Materials and Methods: Twenty-five (25) male albino rats were divided into five (n = 5) groups at random. Group 1 was used as a control, Group 2 was given P. alliaceae aqueous extract (1000 mg/kg body weight), Group 3 was given LPS, a single intraperitoneal dose (4 ml/kg body weight), and was observed for 4 hours before being sacrificed, Group 4 was given LPS (observed for 4 hours) and treated with P. alliaceae for 7 days, Group 5 was given P. alliaceae extract for 7 days, then Spectrophotometric analysis was used to evaluate the activities of oxidative stress biomarkers (catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in plasma, erythrocytes, brain, liver, kidney, and heart. Results: As seen in this work, oxidative stress is a characteristic of LPS-induced endotoxicity. Following LPS injection, P. alliaceae leaf aqueous extract significantly (p 0.05) increased CAT and SOD activities. Conclusion The aqueous extract of P. alliaceae leaf reduced the effect of endotoxins in the body by mopping up free radicals, according to the findings","PeriodicalId":16955,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND REVIEW IN SCIENCE","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76694670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-23DOI: 10.36108/jrrslasu/2202.90.0120
A. Wusu, O. Olabanjo, Moshood Kazeem, Basheerat Okugbesan
Introduction: Application of classical methods to oscillatory or periodic problems is significantly hindered due to the fact that very small step size is required with corresponding decrease in performance, especially in terms of efficiency. Aims: To overcome this limitation, the construction of a class of two-step exponentially-fitted Milne--Simpson's methods involving first and second derivatives is presented in this work. Materials and Methods: This construction is based on the six-step flow chart described in the literature. In this work, a classical multi--derivative Milne--Simpson's method is constructed and fitted exponentially to allow for easy application to oscillatory or periodic problems. Results: In this work, we extended the classical two-step fourth-order Milne-Simpson to involve the second derivative and hence increasing the attainable order of the method, the extended method is fitted exponentially. Conclusion:The constructed class of methods is shown to be of order of six (6) and well suited for oscillatory or periodic problems.
{"title":"Construction of an Exponentially-Fitted Multiderivative Milne-Simpson Method","authors":"A. Wusu, O. Olabanjo, Moshood Kazeem, Basheerat Okugbesan","doi":"10.36108/jrrslasu/2202.90.0120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/jrrslasu/2202.90.0120","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Application of classical methods to oscillatory or periodic problems is significantly hindered due to the fact that very small step size is required with corresponding decrease in performance, especially in terms of efficiency. Aims: To overcome this limitation, the construction of a class of two-step exponentially-fitted Milne--Simpson's methods involving first and second derivatives is presented in this work. Materials and Methods: This construction is based on the six-step flow chart described in the literature. In this work, a classical multi--derivative Milne--Simpson's method is constructed and fitted exponentially to allow for easy application to oscillatory or periodic problems. Results: In this work, we extended the classical two-step fourth-order Milne-Simpson to involve the second derivative and hence increasing the attainable order of the method, the extended method is fitted exponentially. Conclusion:The constructed class of methods is shown to be of order of six (6) and well suited for oscillatory or periodic problems.","PeriodicalId":16955,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND REVIEW IN SCIENCE","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79697522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-10DOI: 10.36108/jrrslasu/2202.90.0110
G. Saibu
Every year, cancer takes the life of millions of people. Indeed, medicinal plants have long been investigated by scientists for their anti-cancer properties. Herbal plants have recently attracted worldwide attention of researchers for their possible use in the management of diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and respiratory diseases. Most of the conventional cancer treatment options have produced unsatisfactory results for some types of cancers, and in most instances, the side effects are severe, leading to a shift in the focus of treatment towards alternative medicines. Plant-derived compounds have been a vital source of most of the known clinically useful anti-cancer agents. These include vinblastine, vincristine, the camptothecin derivatives, topotecan and irinotecan, etoposide, derived from epipodophyllotoxin, and paclitaxel (taxol®), taxanes, homoharringtonine and elliptinium. Many promising new agents are in clinical development based on selective activity against cancer-related molecular targets. African plants have a vital role in cancer chemoprophylaxis and chemotherapy. With advanced knowledge of molecular science and refinement in isolation and structure elucidation techniques, various African plants with anticancer properties have been identified,and some of which exert their therapeutic effects by inhibiting cancer-activating enzymes and hormones, stimulating DNA repair mechanism, promoting production of protective enzymes, inducing antioxidant action or enhancing natural immunity of the individual. This review attempts to examine scientific information in the available literature on some specific African plants with anti-cancer properties.
{"title":"Mini Review on Some African Plants with Anti-Cancer Properties","authors":"G. Saibu","doi":"10.36108/jrrslasu/2202.90.0110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/jrrslasu/2202.90.0110","url":null,"abstract":"Every year, cancer takes the life of millions of people. Indeed, medicinal plants have long been investigated by scientists for their anti-cancer properties. Herbal plants have recently attracted worldwide attention of researchers for their possible use in the management of diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and respiratory diseases. Most of the conventional cancer treatment options have produced unsatisfactory results for some types of cancers, and in most instances, the side effects are severe, leading to a shift in the focus of treatment towards alternative medicines. Plant-derived compounds have been a vital source of most of the known clinically useful anti-cancer agents. These include vinblastine, vincristine, the camptothecin derivatives, topotecan and irinotecan, etoposide, derived from epipodophyllotoxin, and paclitaxel (taxol®), taxanes, homoharringtonine and elliptinium. Many promising new agents are in clinical development based on selective activity against cancer-related molecular targets. African plants have a vital role in cancer chemoprophylaxis and chemotherapy. With advanced knowledge of molecular science and refinement in isolation and structure elucidation techniques, various African plants with anticancer properties have been identified,and some of which exert their therapeutic effects by inhibiting cancer-activating enzymes and hormones, stimulating DNA repair mechanism, promoting production of protective enzymes, inducing antioxidant action or enhancing natural immunity of the individual. This review attempts to examine scientific information in the available literature on some specific African plants with anti-cancer properties.","PeriodicalId":16955,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND REVIEW IN SCIENCE","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83970883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-18DOI: 10.36108/jrrslasu/1202.80.0121
O. Olaniyan
Predicting student academic performance plays an important role in academics. Classifying students using conventional techniques cannot give the desired level of accuracy, while doing it with the use of soft computing techniques may prove to be beneficial. Accurate prediction and early identification of student at-risk are of high concern for educational institutions. Artificial Neural network was employed to complete the performance procedure over MATLAB simulation tool. The performance of Neural Network was evaluated by accuracy and Mean Square Error (MSE). This tool has a simple interface and can be used by an educator for classifying students and distinguishing students with low achievements or at-risk students who are likely to have low performance. Findings revealed that Neural network has the highest prediction accuracy by (98%) followed by decision tree by (91%). Support vector machine and k-nearest neighbor had the same accuracy (83%), while naive Bayes gave lower prediction accuracy (76%).
{"title":"PREDICTING STUDENT ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK","authors":"O. Olaniyan","doi":"10.36108/jrrslasu/1202.80.0121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/jrrslasu/1202.80.0121","url":null,"abstract":"Predicting student academic performance plays an important role in academics. Classifying students using conventional techniques cannot give the desired level of accuracy, while doing it with the use of soft computing techniques may prove to be beneficial. Accurate prediction and early identification of student at-risk are of high concern for educational institutions. Artificial Neural network was employed to complete the performance procedure over MATLAB simulation tool. The performance of Neural Network was evaluated by accuracy and Mean Square Error (MSE). This tool has a simple interface and can be used by an educator for classifying students and distinguishing students with low achievements or at-risk students who are likely to have low performance. Findings revealed that Neural network has the highest prediction accuracy by (98%) followed by decision tree by (91%). Support vector machine and k-nearest neighbor had the same accuracy (83%), while naive Bayes gave lower prediction accuracy (76%).","PeriodicalId":16955,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND REVIEW IN SCIENCE","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87837271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-18DOI: 10.36108/jrrslasu/1202.80.0111
B. Opere
Introduction: Soil is an important reservoir for a diverse group of microorganisms. However, human activities including disposal of solid wastes affects the quality, composition, and microbial communities in the soil. The polymeric units of compounds in a soil determines the type of microbial activities in the soil. Aim: This work investigated the cellulose-degrading potential of the microbial profile of a sugarcane bagasse dumpsite at Ojo Local Government Area of Lagos State. Materials and Methods: The samples collected from this location were labelled A, B, and C respectively based on the soil depth. The samples were processed and inoculated on Nutrient Agar and Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA), to isolate bacteria and fungi. However, the cellulose-degrading ability of the isolates were determined by subculturing the isolates into Mandel’s medium containing Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). Results: The physiochemical analysis of the soil samples revealed the variations in parameters such as pH, moisture, nitrogen, organic carbon etc, at different soil depth. Four cellulose-degrading bacteria and fungi were isolated. The isolated bacterial species are Bacillus species, Serratia species, Pseudomonas species and Lactobacillus species. Bacillus species had the highest cellulose-degrading potential amongst the four isolates with Serratia species having the lowest. The isolated fungal species are Aspergillus niger, Penicillium species, Mucor species, Neurospora species, Microsporium species and Aspergillus flavus. Conclusion: In this work, we demonstrated successfully that soil from sugarcane bagasse dumpsite is a rich source of cellulose and possesses a high rate of activities of cellulolytic bacteria and fungi. The major deduction from this work is that Bacillus species and Mucor species are prominent cellulolytic microorganisms and have immense potential for industrial applications.
{"title":"Isolation of Cellulase Producing Microorganisms from Sugar Bagasse Dump Sites in Lagos, Nigeria","authors":"B. Opere","doi":"10.36108/jrrslasu/1202.80.0111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/jrrslasu/1202.80.0111","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Soil is an important reservoir for a diverse group of microorganisms. However, human activities including disposal of solid wastes affects the quality, composition, and microbial communities in the soil. The polymeric units of compounds in a soil determines the type of microbial activities in the soil. Aim: This work investigated the cellulose-degrading potential of the microbial profile of a sugarcane bagasse dumpsite at Ojo Local Government Area of Lagos State. Materials and Methods: The samples collected from this location were labelled A, B, and C respectively based on the soil depth. The samples were processed and inoculated on Nutrient Agar and Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA), to isolate bacteria and fungi. However, the cellulose-degrading ability of the isolates were determined by subculturing the isolates into Mandel’s medium containing Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). Results: The physiochemical analysis of the soil samples revealed the variations in parameters such as pH, moisture, nitrogen, organic carbon etc, at different soil depth. Four cellulose-degrading bacteria and fungi were isolated. The isolated bacterial species are Bacillus species, Serratia species, Pseudomonas species and Lactobacillus species. Bacillus species had the highest cellulose-degrading potential amongst the four isolates with Serratia species having the lowest. The isolated fungal species are Aspergillus niger, Penicillium species, Mucor species, Neurospora species, Microsporium species and Aspergillus flavus. Conclusion: In this work, we demonstrated successfully that soil from sugarcane bagasse dumpsite is a rich source of cellulose and possesses a high rate of activities of cellulolytic bacteria and fungi. The major deduction from this work is that Bacillus species and Mucor species are prominent cellulolytic microorganisms and have immense potential for industrial applications.","PeriodicalId":16955,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND REVIEW IN SCIENCE","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83189129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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