Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.36108/jrrslasu/8102/50(0140)
O. O. Olubomehin, O. ATEWOLARA-ODULE, A. Ogunmoye
Greenwayodendron suaveolens (Engl.& Diels) is a tree that grows with a straight regular trunk, dark bark as well as a small crown with horizontal branches. Greenwayodendron suaveolens bark and roots are used for vermifuges, and as an aphrodisiac while the leaf is used as a pain-killer, and as a cure for dysenteries and fevers. The leaves of Greenwayodenron Suaveolens were collected at the biology farm of Olabisi Onabanjo University Ago-Iwoye Ogun State and extracted by hydro-distillation using Clevenger apparatus. The qualitative and quantitative analyses of the wet and dried leaf essential oil were performed using Gas Chromatography (GC) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). From the GC-MS analysis, a total of twenty-eight (28) compounds (98.01 %) were identified in the fresh sample, while the dried sample had fourteen (14) compounds representing 99.90 % of the constituents. The major components of Greenwayodendron Suaveolens essential oils were: terpenes 73.75 % and 67.91 %, oxygenated terpenes; 7.04 % and 9.24 % , hydrocarbons; 6.37 % and 24.89 % ,alcohols; 6.75 % and 2.81 % in the fresh and dried leaf oil samples while heterocyclic compounds 13.02 5 and esters 1.48 % were present only in the fresh leaf oil samples. The high percentage of terpenes in both oil samples could justify the traditional use of the plants in treating pains, headaches and inflammations. This study presents the results of the essential oil composition of the fresh and dried leaf samples of Greenwayodendron suavolens which will be useful in research.
绿叶登(英文)(Diels)是一种树干笔直，树皮黝黑，树冠小，枝干水平的树。绿树的树皮和根被用来驱虫，并作为一种春药，而叶子被用作止痛药，并作为治疗痢疾和发烧。在Olabisi Onabanjo University Ago-Iwoye Ogun State的生物农场采集了绿叶登(Greenwayodenron Suaveolens)的叶子，并使用Clevenger装置进行了水蒸馏提取。采用气相色谱法(GC)和气相色谱-质谱法(GC- ms)对湿叶精油和干叶精油进行定性和定量分析。从GC-MS分析中，新鲜样品中鉴定出28种化合物(98.01%)，而干燥样品中鉴定出14种化合物(99.90%)。绿藤精油的主要成分分别为:萜烯占73.75%和67.91%，含氧萜烯;碳氢化合物分别为7.04%和9.24%;醇类分别为6.37%和24.89%;鲜叶油和干叶油中杂环化合物含量分别为6.75%和2.81%，而杂环化合物13.02 - 5和酯类化合物仅在鲜叶油中存在1.48%。两种油样品中萜烯的高比例可以证明这种植物用于治疗疼痛、头痛和炎症的传统用途是合理的。本研究提供了绿叶登鲜叶和干叶样品中精油成分的研究结果，为研究提供参考。
{"title":"Comparison of the Chemical Composition of the Essential Oils from the Fresh and Dried Leaves of Greenwayodendron Suaveolens (Engl. & Diels)","authors":"O. O. Olubomehin, O. ATEWOLARA-ODULE, A. Ogunmoye","doi":"10.36108/jrrslasu/8102/50(0140)","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/jrrslasu/8102/50(0140)","url":null,"abstract":"Greenwayodendron suaveolens (Engl.& Diels) is a tree that grows with a straight regular trunk, dark bark as well as a small crown with horizontal branches. Greenwayodendron suaveolens bark and roots are used for vermifuges, and as an aphrodisiac while the leaf is used as a pain-killer, and as a cure for dysenteries and fevers. The leaves of Greenwayodenron Suaveolens were collected at the biology farm of Olabisi Onabanjo University Ago-Iwoye Ogun State and extracted by hydro-distillation using Clevenger apparatus. The qualitative and quantitative analyses of the wet and dried leaf essential oil were performed using Gas Chromatography (GC) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). From the GC-MS analysis, a total of twenty-eight (28) compounds (98.01 %) were identified in the fresh sample, while the dried sample had fourteen (14) compounds representing 99.90 % of the constituents. The major components of Greenwayodendron Suaveolens essential oils were: terpenes 73.75 % and 67.91 %, oxygenated terpenes; 7.04 % and 9.24 % , hydrocarbons; 6.37 % and 24.89 % ,alcohols; 6.75 % and 2.81 % in the fresh and dried leaf oil samples while heterocyclic compounds 13.02 5 and esters 1.48 % were present only in the fresh leaf oil samples. The high percentage of terpenes in both oil samples could justify the traditional use of the plants in treating pains, headaches and inflammations. This study presents the results of the essential oil composition of the fresh and dried leaf samples of Greenwayodendron suavolens which will be useful in research.","PeriodicalId":16955,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND REVIEW IN SCIENCE","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81415448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.36108/jrrslasu/8102/50(0180)
A. Adu, Bamidele I. John, A. Ojekale, O. Aderinola
Introduction: Anthropogenic activities by man in Nigeria especially Lagos State have induced accumulation of heavy metals in soils which invariably have resulted in the disturbance of living organism’s biochemical and physiological functions. Aim: This study assessed the level of heavy metals concentration in cassava (Manihot esculenta) harvested in selected farms in Lagos state. Materials and Methods: Leaves, stems, tubers of cassava were obtained from Morogbo, Badagry area and Odogunyan, Ikorodu area; and the concentrations of heavy metals content were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric (AAS) method. Results: The results in mg/kg showed that heavy metals concentration [Nickel (3559.67 ± 5794.16), Manganese (120.33 ± 5.51), Copper (52.10 ± 2.85 and so on] were highly bioaccumulated in leafy part of the cassava. Conversely, Sodium (11620.00 ± 820.18) and Potassium (15133.33 ± 508.46) were highly bio-accumulated in the cassava’s stem while Calcium (3996.67 + 35.12) was found in high concentration in the cassava’s tuber. Lead (0.03 ± 0.05) and Cadmium (0.08 ± 0.08) were of significant values in the soil of Ikorodu and lower in the soil of Badagry. Heavy metal (Ni, Mn, Cd, Mg and Na) bio-accumulation in the two different location were higher in Badagry than Ikorodu, while Zn, Fe and K were higher in Ikorodu than in Badagry but Cobalt was not detected in both sites. Conclusion: Copper, Lead, Zinc, Manganese, Iron, Nickel, Calcium, Sodium and Potassium were above the recommended level of W.H.O. Therefore, consumption of leafy and tuber part of the cassava in both Ikorodu and Badagry areas could pose threat to animals.
{"title":"ASSESMENT OF HEAVY METALS IN MANIHOT ESCULENTA (CASSAVA) IN SELECTED FARMS IN LAGOS STATE, NIGERIA","authors":"A. Adu, Bamidele I. John, A. Ojekale, O. Aderinola","doi":"10.36108/jrrslasu/8102/50(0180)","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/jrrslasu/8102/50(0180)","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Anthropogenic activities by man in Nigeria especially Lagos State have induced accumulation of heavy metals in soils which invariably have resulted in the disturbance of living organism’s biochemical and physiological functions. Aim: This study assessed the level of heavy metals concentration in cassava (Manihot esculenta) harvested in selected farms in Lagos state. Materials and Methods: Leaves, stems, tubers of cassava were obtained from Morogbo, Badagry area and Odogunyan, Ikorodu area; and the concentrations of heavy metals content were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric (AAS) method. Results: The results in mg/kg showed that heavy metals concentration [Nickel (3559.67 ± 5794.16), Manganese (120.33 ± 5.51), Copper (52.10 ± 2.85 and so on] were highly bioaccumulated in leafy part of the cassava. Conversely, Sodium (11620.00 ± 820.18) and Potassium (15133.33 ± 508.46) were highly bio-accumulated in the cassava’s stem while Calcium (3996.67 + 35.12) was found in high concentration in the cassava’s tuber. Lead (0.03 ± 0.05) and Cadmium (0.08 ± 0.08) were of significant values in the soil of Ikorodu and lower in the soil of Badagry. Heavy metal (Ni, Mn, Cd, Mg and Na) bio-accumulation in the two different location were higher in Badagry than Ikorodu, while Zn, Fe and K were higher in Ikorodu than in Badagry but Cobalt was not detected in both sites. Conclusion: Copper, Lead, Zinc, Manganese, Iron, Nickel, Calcium, Sodium and Potassium were above the recommended level of W.H.O. Therefore, consumption of leafy and tuber part of the cassava in both Ikorodu and Badagry areas could pose threat to animals.","PeriodicalId":16955,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND REVIEW IN SCIENCE","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85007607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.36108/jrrslasu/8102/50(0170)
Victoria Adewale, A. Olamiti
Introduction: Communication with the hearing impaired ( deaf/mute) people is a great challenge in our society today; this can be attributed to the fact that their means of communication (Sign Language or hand gestures at a local level) requires an interpreter at every instance. Conversion of images to text as well as speech can be of great benefit to the non-hearing impaired and hearing impaired people (the deaf/mute) from circadian interaction with images. To effectively achieve this, a sign language (ASL – American Sign Language) image to text as well as speech conversion was aimed at in this research. Methodology: The techniques of image segmentation and feature detection played a crucial role in implementing this system. We formulate the interaction between image segmentation and object recognition in the framework of FAST and SURF algorithms. The system goes through various phases such as data capturing using KINECT sensor, image segmentation, feature detection and extraction from ROI, supervised and unsupervised classification of images with K-Nearest Neighbour (KNN)-algorithms and text-to-speech (TTS) conversion. The combination FAST and SURF with a KNN of 10 also showed that unsupervised learning classification could determine the best matched feature from the existing database. In turn, the best match was converted to text as well as speech. Result: The introduced system achieved a 78% accuracy of unsupervised feature learning. Conclusion: The success of this work can be attributed to the effective classification that has improved the unsupervised feature learning of different images. The pre-determination of the ROI of each image using SURF and FAST, has demonstrated the ability of the proposed algorithm to limit image modelling to relevant region within the image.
在当今社会，与听障人士(聋哑人)沟通是一个巨大的挑战;这可能是由于他们的交流手段(手语或当地的手势)在任何情况下都需要翻译。将图像转换为文本和语音对非听力受损者和听力受损者(聋哑人)从与图像的昼夜互动中受益匪浅。为了有效地实现这一目标，本研究针对手语(ASL - American sign language)图像到文本以及语音的转换进行了研究。方法:图像分割和特征检测技术在该系统的实现中起着至关重要的作用。我们在FAST和SURF算法的框架下制定了图像分割和目标识别之间的交互。该系统经历了多个阶段，如使用KINECT传感器捕获数据，图像分割，特征检测和从ROI提取，使用k -最近邻(KNN)算法对图像进行监督和非监督分类以及文本到语音(TTS)转换。在KNN为10的情况下，FAST和SURF的组合也表明，无监督学习分类可以从现有数据库中确定最匹配的特征。然后，最佳匹配被转换为文本和语音。结果:该系统的无监督特征学习准确率达到78%。结论:本工作的成功可以归因于有效的分类，提高了不同图像的无监督特征学习。使用SURF和FAST预先确定每张图像的ROI，证明了该算法将图像建模限制在图像内相关区域的能力。
{"title":"Conversion of Sign Language To Text And Speech Using Machine Learning Techniques","authors":"Victoria Adewale, A. Olamiti","doi":"10.36108/jrrslasu/8102/50(0170)","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/jrrslasu/8102/50(0170)","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Communication with the hearing impaired ( deaf/mute) people is a great challenge in our society today; this can be attributed to the fact that their means of communication (Sign Language or hand gestures at a local level) requires an interpreter at every instance. Conversion of images to text as well as speech can be of great benefit to the non-hearing impaired and hearing impaired people (the deaf/mute) from circadian interaction with images. To effectively achieve this, a sign language (ASL – American Sign Language) image to text as well as speech conversion was aimed at in this research. Methodology: The techniques of image segmentation and feature detection played a crucial role in implementing this system. We formulate the interaction between image segmentation and object recognition in the framework of FAST and SURF algorithms. The system goes through various phases such as data capturing using KINECT sensor, image segmentation, feature detection and extraction from ROI, supervised and unsupervised classification of images with K-Nearest Neighbour (KNN)-algorithms and text-to-speech (TTS) conversion. The combination FAST and SURF with a KNN of 10 also showed that unsupervised learning classification could determine the best matched feature from the existing database. In turn, the best match was converted to text as well as speech. Result: The introduced system achieved a 78% accuracy of unsupervised feature learning. Conclusion: The success of this work can be attributed to the effective classification that has improved the unsupervised feature learning of different images. The pre-determination of the ROI of each image using SURF and FAST, has demonstrated the ability of the proposed algorithm to limit image modelling to relevant region within the image.","PeriodicalId":16955,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND REVIEW IN SCIENCE","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87179923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.36108/jrrslasu/8102/50(0141)
Benjamin S. Aribisala, Obaro E. Olori, P. Owate
Introduction: Emotion plays a key role in our daily life and work, especially in decision making, as people's moods can influence their mode of communication, behaviour or productivity. Emotion recognition has attracted some research works and medical imaging technology offers tools for emotion classification. Aims: The aim of this work is to develop a machine learning technique for recognizing emotion based on Electroencephalogram (EEG) data Materials and Methods: Experimentation was based on a publicly available EEG Dataset for Emotion Analysis using Physiological (DEAP). The data comprises of EEG signals acquired from thirty two adults while watching forty 40 different musical video clips of one minute each. Participants rated each video in terms of four emotional states, namely, arousal, valence, like/dislike and dominance. We extracted some features from the dataset using Discrete Wavelet Transforms to extract wavelet energy, wavelet entropy, and standard deviation. We then classified the extracted features into four emotional states, namely, High Valence/High Arousal, High Valance/Low Arousal, Low Valence/High Arousal, and Low Valence/Low Arousal using Ensemble Bagged Trees. Results: Ensemble Bagged Trees gave sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 97.54%, 99.21%, and 97.80% respectively. Support Vector Machine and Ensemble Boosted Tree gave similar results. Conclusion: Our results showed that machine learning classification of emotion using EEG data is very promising. This can help in the treatment of patients, especially those with expression problems like Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis which is a muscle disease, the real emotional state of patients will help doctors to provide appropriate medical care. Keywords: Electroencephalogram, Emotions Recognition, Ensemble Classification, Ensemble Bagged Trees, Machine Learning
{"title":"Emotion Recognition Using Ensemble Bagged Tree Classifier and Electroencephalogram Signals","authors":"Benjamin S. Aribisala, Obaro E. Olori, P. Owate","doi":"10.36108/jrrslasu/8102/50(0141)","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/jrrslasu/8102/50(0141)","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Emotion plays a key role in our daily life and work, especially in decision making, as people's moods can influence their mode of communication, behaviour or productivity. Emotion recognition has attracted some research works and medical imaging technology offers tools for emotion classification. Aims: The aim of this work is to develop a machine learning technique for recognizing emotion based on Electroencephalogram (EEG) data Materials and Methods: Experimentation was based on a publicly available EEG Dataset for Emotion Analysis using Physiological (DEAP). The data comprises of EEG signals acquired from thirty two adults while watching forty 40 different musical video clips of one minute each. Participants rated each video in terms of four emotional states, namely, arousal, valence, like/dislike and dominance. We extracted some features from the dataset using Discrete Wavelet Transforms to extract wavelet energy, wavelet entropy, and standard deviation. We then classified the extracted features into four emotional states, namely, High Valence/High Arousal, High Valance/Low Arousal, Low Valence/High Arousal, and Low Valence/Low Arousal using Ensemble Bagged Trees. Results: Ensemble Bagged Trees gave sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 97.54%, 99.21%, and 97.80% respectively. Support Vector Machine and Ensemble Boosted Tree gave similar results. Conclusion: Our results showed that machine learning classification of emotion using EEG data is very promising. This can help in the treatment of patients, especially those with expression problems like Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis which is a muscle disease, the real emotional state of patients will help doctors to provide appropriate medical care. Keywords: Electroencephalogram, Emotions Recognition, Ensemble Classification, Ensemble Bagged Trees, Machine Learning","PeriodicalId":16955,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND REVIEW IN SCIENCE","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83195976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.36108/jrrslasu/8102/50(0101)
Adebayo Akinbulu, T. Ogunbayo
Thermodynamics of the electrochemical reaction in lead-acid battery was investigated. A negative value of change in Gibbs’ free energy, ?G, and a positive entropy change, ?S, were obtained for the reaction. ?G was more negative at increased temperature. The reaction was exothermic, with a negative value of enthalpy change, ?H. A relatively small value of temperature coefficient of the electromotive force of the cell, (?E/?T)_P, was also obtained for the reaction.
{"title":"Thermodynamics of electrochemical reactions in Lead-acid Battery","authors":"Adebayo Akinbulu, T. Ogunbayo","doi":"10.36108/jrrslasu/8102/50(0101)","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/jrrslasu/8102/50(0101)","url":null,"abstract":"Thermodynamics of the electrochemical reaction in lead-acid battery was investigated. A negative value of change in Gibbs’ free energy, ?G, and a positive entropy change, ?S, were obtained for the reaction. ?G was more negative at increased temperature. The reaction was exothermic, with a negative value of enthalpy change, ?H. A relatively small value of temperature coefficient of the electromotive force of the cell, (?E/?T)_P, was also obtained for the reaction.","PeriodicalId":16955,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND REVIEW IN SCIENCE","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72631012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.36108/jrrslasu/8102/50(0151)
O. Ogunrinola, O. O. Fajana, S. Olaitan, O. Adu, Millicent Nuno, B. Elemo
Introduction: The use of Nauclea latifolia and Alchornea cordifolia plants as herbal curative medicine is fast growing and the need to investigate the likely toxicity to avert severe medical issues. Aims: To assess the toxicity level, the liver function enzyme activities in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) administered with both ethanolic bark extracts of Nauclea latifolia and Alchornea cordifolia were studied. Materials and Methods: Eighty-four (84) rabbits were arbitrarily grouped into seven (n = 12), where group 1 is the control, and the remaining groups were orally administered with 500, 750 and 1000 mg/kg body weight of ethanolic bark extract of Nauclea latifolia and Alchornea cordifolia (LD50>1000mg/kg). In each group, after 24 hours of administration on the 1st, 3rd and 7th days, three animals were sacrificed. Markers of liver functions: serum alkaline phosphate (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) enzymes activities were monitored using spectrophotometry instrument. Results: The results show a significant (p < 0.05) reduction of ALP, AST and ALT activities at all doses for the days of administration of both ethanolic bark extracts of Nauclea latifolia and Alchornea cordifolia when compared to the control. Conclusion: The study suggests that ethanolic bark extracts of Nauclea latifolia and Alchornea cordifolia may possess relative hepatoprotective activity.
{"title":"Markers of Liver function in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus): Bark extracts of Nauclea latifolia and Alchornea cordifolia plants","authors":"O. Ogunrinola, O. O. Fajana, S. Olaitan, O. Adu, Millicent Nuno, B. Elemo","doi":"10.36108/jrrslasu/8102/50(0151)","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/jrrslasu/8102/50(0151)","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The use of Nauclea latifolia and Alchornea cordifolia plants as herbal curative medicine is fast growing and the need to investigate the likely toxicity to avert severe medical issues. Aims: To assess the toxicity level, the liver function enzyme activities in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) administered with both ethanolic bark extracts of Nauclea latifolia and Alchornea cordifolia were studied. Materials and Methods: Eighty-four (84) rabbits were arbitrarily grouped into seven (n = 12), where group 1 is the control, and the remaining groups were orally administered with 500, 750 and 1000 mg/kg body weight of ethanolic bark extract of Nauclea latifolia and Alchornea cordifolia (LD50>1000mg/kg). In each group, after 24 hours of administration on the 1st, 3rd and 7th days, three animals were sacrificed. Markers of liver functions: serum alkaline phosphate (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) enzymes activities were monitored using spectrophotometry instrument. Results: The results show a significant (p < 0.05) reduction of ALP, AST and ALT activities at all doses for the days of administration of both ethanolic bark extracts of Nauclea latifolia and Alchornea cordifolia when compared to the control. Conclusion: The study suggests that ethanolic bark extracts of Nauclea latifolia and Alchornea cordifolia may possess relative hepatoprotective activity.","PeriodicalId":16955,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND REVIEW IN SCIENCE","volume":"31 Pt 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83423372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.36108/jrrslasu/8102/50(0112)
Cornelius Ogab, B. Idowu, A. S. Ogungbe, E. Onori, O. Ometan, A. Ogwala
We present Euler’s Equation of Rigid Body, its control and synchronization using active control and recursive backstepping methods. Based on Lyapunov stability theory, control laws are derived to synchronize the chaotic system and also to control to a steady state as well as track to a desired function via recursive backstepping methods. Numerical simulation are shown to verify the results.
{"title":"Euler’s Equations of Rigid Body: Its Control and Synchronization using Active Control and Recursive Backstepping methods.","authors":"Cornelius Ogab, B. Idowu, A. S. Ogungbe, E. Onori, O. Ometan, A. Ogwala","doi":"10.36108/jrrslasu/8102/50(0112)","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/jrrslasu/8102/50(0112)","url":null,"abstract":"We present Euler’s Equation of Rigid Body, its control and synchronization using active control and recursive backstepping methods. Based on Lyapunov stability theory, control laws are derived to synchronize the chaotic system and also to control to a steady state as well as track to a desired function via recursive backstepping methods. Numerical simulation are shown to verify the results.","PeriodicalId":16955,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND REVIEW IN SCIENCE","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87136367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.36108/jrrslasu/8102/50(0181)
O. Adu, O. Ogunrinola, G. Saibu, O. Fajana, S. Ogun, B. Elemo
Introduction: Fairly large scale analyses have been done to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of vegetables and correlation between the various methods of analysis. However, very little has been done to relate the antioxidant capacities of these vegetables with their pH values. This study was carried out to determine the antioxidant capacity of selected widely consumed and locally available vegetables in Nigeria and relate the antioxidant capacity of these vegetables to their pHs. Methods: The vegetables were grouped into “green vegetables”-cucumber cabbage, lettuceand spring onions and “red vegetables”- tomato, scotchbonnet, cayenne pepper and carrot. The pH of these vegetables were determined. Two different methods-2,2-Diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay were used to determine the antioxidant capacity. Results: Results of the pH measurements of “green vegetables” showed a range of 5.84-6.72 while the pH of “red vegetables” ranged from 4.87- 5.66.All vegetables used in this study had pH less than 7 with relatively high antioxidant capacity. Scotch bonnet had consistently high antioxidant activity regardless of the method employed. There was a significant negative relationship (P<0.05; r = -0.365) between the pH and DPPH radical scavenging activity and between the pH and total antioxidant capacity (P<0.05 r =-0.351). There was no significant correlation (P<0.05) between DPPH radical scavenging and total antioxidant capacity of all vegetables. Conclusion: The pHs of these vegetables were within the acidic range, and antioxidant potential of these vegetables increased with increasing acidity.
导读:人们已经进行了相当大规模的分析，以评估蔬菜的抗氧化能力以及各种分析方法之间的相关性。然而，很少有人把这些蔬菜的抗氧化能力与它们的pH值联系起来。本研究旨在确定尼日利亚广泛消费和当地可获得的蔬菜的抗氧化能力，并将这些蔬菜的抗氧化能力与其ph值联系起来。方法:将蔬菜分为黄瓜、白菜、生菜、小葱等“绿色蔬菜”和番茄、小白菜、辣椒、胡萝卜等“红色蔬菜”。测定了这些蔬菜的pH值。采用2,2-二苯基-1-苦酰肼(DPPH)法和铁还原抗氧化能力(FRAP)法测定其抗氧化能力。结果:“绿色蔬菜”的pH值范围为5.84 ~ 6.72，“红色蔬菜”的pH值范围为4.87 ~ 5.66。所有蔬菜的pH值均小于7，具有较高的抗氧化能力。无论采用何种方法，苏格兰帽均具有较高的抗氧化活性。两者呈显著负相关(P<0.05;r = -0.365)， pH与DPPH自由基清除能力、pH与总抗氧化能力之间存在显著性差异(P<0.05 r =-0.351)。所有蔬菜的DPPH自由基清除能力与总抗氧化能力无显著相关(P<0.05)。结论:这些蔬菜的ph值在酸性范围内，抗氧化能力随酸度的增加而增强。
{"title":"ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY OF SELECTED LOCALLY AVAILABLE VEGETABLES","authors":"O. Adu, O. Ogunrinola, G. Saibu, O. Fajana, S. Ogun, B. Elemo","doi":"10.36108/jrrslasu/8102/50(0181)","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/jrrslasu/8102/50(0181)","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Fairly large scale analyses have been done to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of vegetables and correlation between the various methods of analysis. However, very little has been done to relate the antioxidant capacities of these vegetables with their pH values. This study was carried out to determine the antioxidant capacity of selected widely consumed and locally available vegetables in Nigeria and relate the antioxidant capacity of these vegetables to their pHs. Methods: The vegetables were grouped into “green vegetables”-cucumber cabbage, lettuceand spring onions and “red vegetables”- tomato, scotchbonnet, cayenne pepper and carrot. The pH of these vegetables were determined. Two different methods-2,2-Diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay were used to determine the antioxidant capacity. Results: Results of the pH measurements of “green vegetables” showed a range of 5.84-6.72 while the pH of “red vegetables” ranged from 4.87- 5.66.All vegetables used in this study had pH less than 7 with relatively high antioxidant capacity. Scotch bonnet had consistently high antioxidant activity regardless of the method employed. There was a significant negative relationship (P<0.05; r = -0.365) between the pH and DPPH radical scavenging activity and between the pH and total antioxidant capacity (P<0.05 r =-0.351). There was no significant correlation (P<0.05) between DPPH radical scavenging and total antioxidant capacity of all vegetables. Conclusion: The pHs of these vegetables were within the acidic range, and antioxidant potential of these vegetables increased with increasing acidity.","PeriodicalId":16955,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND REVIEW IN SCIENCE","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73133192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.36108/jrrslasu/8102/50(0191)
O. Oguntuase, O. Adu, O. S. Obayori
Introduction: Escalating environmental challenges have necessitated the adoption of bio-based products. The social interface between these products with low environmental impacts and the society is a dynamic site where different stakeholders, forms of knowledge, interests and powers interplay. Scientists must navigate these factors for bio-based products to become acceptable in the society. Aims: This review explores the suitability of responsible research and innovation (RRI) as an inclusive approach to research and innovation to support the adoption and diffusion of bio-based products in the society. Method: The study was essentially based on a desk review of relevant academic papers on bio-based products, bio-based economy, bioeconomy and, responsible research and innovation (RRI) from year 2012 - 2018, with reference to other publicly accessible documents and publications. Results: The review shows that despite their potentials for contributing to greener environment and sustainability, bio-based products remain controversial. Results also show that embedding RRI dimensions in development of bio-based products “from lab to market” will help build trust among stakeholders in the relevant value chain, which is a pre-requisite for the diffusion of these products in the society. Conclusion: The main conclusion of this paper is that identifying and engaging stakeholders, the publics and their concerns when developing bio-based products will ensure the products are relatively uncontested and will diffuse better throughout the society
{"title":"Stimulating Diffusion of Bio-based Products: The Role of Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) Approach.","authors":"O. Oguntuase, O. Adu, O. S. Obayori","doi":"10.36108/jrrslasu/8102/50(0191)","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/jrrslasu/8102/50(0191)","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Escalating environmental challenges have necessitated the adoption of bio-based products. The social interface between these products with low environmental impacts and the society is a dynamic site where different stakeholders, forms of knowledge, interests and powers interplay. Scientists must navigate these factors for bio-based products to become acceptable in the society. Aims: This review explores the suitability of responsible research and innovation (RRI) as an inclusive approach to research and innovation to support the adoption and diffusion of bio-based products in the society. Method: The study was essentially based on a desk review of relevant academic papers on bio-based products, bio-based economy, bioeconomy and, responsible research and innovation (RRI) from year 2012 - 2018, with reference to other publicly accessible documents and publications. Results: The review shows that despite their potentials for contributing to greener environment and sustainability, bio-based products remain controversial. Results also show that embedding RRI dimensions in development of bio-based products “from lab to market” will help build trust among stakeholders in the relevant value chain, which is a pre-requisite for the diffusion of these products in the society. Conclusion: The main conclusion of this paper is that identifying and engaging stakeholders, the publics and their concerns when developing bio-based products will ensure the products are relatively uncontested and will diffuse better throughout the society","PeriodicalId":16955,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND REVIEW IN SCIENCE","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73101207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.36108/jrrslasu/8102/50(0150)
Korede.c Taiwo, S. Makinde, A. Ojekale, M. A. Sowunmi, O. S. Oyetunji, M. Lasisi
The use of medicinal plants (herbal) is common among the rural populace in most countries, Nigeria inclusive. Aim: The present investigation is a survey of ethnopharmacology of medicinal plants and preparations used to manage common ailments within the people of Lekki, Lagos, Nigeria. Method: Respondents from two rural communities (Lekki Oke and Isale Lekki) were used for this study. Results: The survey results returned 43 plants as been commonly used medicinal plants. About 28 (44%) of these had scientific data backing their medicinal usage. Nutraceuticals account for about 37 (58%) of the plants surveyed. About three quarters (74%) of the surveyed plants have multiple uses with verified data corroborating these. The leaves and roots (20%) are the most commonly employed parts of the plant for medicinal treatment, while the stem and whole plant are the least used (2%). Decoction (35%), concoctions (20%) and macerations (17%) are the most common preparation modes of the plant extracts. Conclusion: The study data and informatics therein showed that with advancement in extraction, analytical and evaluation techniques, empirical data are confirming the efficacy of these herbs used by the locals. The culture and traditions of the Lekki people in the use of herbals for health management is further affirmed with this survey. The culture and traditions of the Lekki people in the use of herbals for health management is affirmed with this survey.
{"title":"Ethno-botanical survey, review and informatics of medicinal plants used by indigenous people of Lekki, Ibeju-Lekki Local Government Area of Lagos State, Nigeria","authors":"Korede.c Taiwo, S. Makinde, A. Ojekale, M. A. Sowunmi, O. S. Oyetunji, M. Lasisi","doi":"10.36108/jrrslasu/8102/50(0150)","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/jrrslasu/8102/50(0150)","url":null,"abstract":"The use of medicinal plants (herbal) is common among the rural populace in most countries, Nigeria inclusive. Aim: The present investigation is a survey of ethnopharmacology of medicinal plants and preparations used to manage common ailments within the people of Lekki, Lagos, Nigeria. Method: Respondents from two rural communities (Lekki Oke and Isale Lekki) were used for this study. Results: The survey results returned 43 plants as been commonly used medicinal plants. About 28 (44%) of these had scientific data backing their medicinal usage. Nutraceuticals account for about 37 (58%) of the plants surveyed. About three quarters (74%) of the surveyed plants have multiple uses with verified data corroborating these. The leaves and roots (20%) are the most commonly employed parts of the plant for medicinal treatment, while the stem and whole plant are the least used (2%). Decoction (35%), concoctions (20%) and macerations (17%) are the most common preparation modes of the plant extracts. Conclusion: The study data and informatics therein showed that with advancement in extraction, analytical and evaluation techniques, empirical data are confirming the efficacy of these herbs used by the locals. The culture and traditions of the Lekki people in the use of herbals for health management is further affirmed with this survey. The culture and traditions of the Lekki people in the use of herbals for health management is affirmed with this survey.","PeriodicalId":16955,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND REVIEW IN SCIENCE","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80990926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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