Helen J. Lawalata, Jenny Kumajas, Soenandar M. Tengker, Kharly M. Runtuwene, Revanda S. Hasani, Megawati M. Weken
Pakoba fruit (Syzygium sp.) is one of the medicinal plants of Minahasan folks and it is an endemic species in North Sulawesi. Pakoba can only be found in Minahasa areas and is very popular among people in Minahasa. The taste is sour, making this fruit as the main ingredient to be processed into rojak, sweets, dodol, jam, or syrup. Pakoba fruit is widely used for treatment in the simplest way because this fruit contains many bioactive compounds. Pakoba fruit can act as a source of probiotics because it contains good microorganisms, namely Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB). Some types of LAB are able to synthesize exopolysaccharides (EPS), which are polysaccharide polymers considered essential for health. Therefore this research aims to determine the presence of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in Pakoba fruit and their potential to produce exopolysaccharides. The presence of lactic acid bacteria in Pakoba fruit was detected through the pour plate method on MRSA media (de Man, Rogosa and Sharpe Agar) + CaCO3 1%. The culture was incubated at 37°C for 48 hours. Growing colonies are observed morphological features of colonies, cells, biochemical and physiological properties. The isolates believed to be LAB, were then tested for its potential to produce EPS. From the total of 35 producing-acid bacteria, 17 isolates were tested as lactic acid bacteria group that had characteristics of bacilli cells, gram-positive bacteria, catalase-negative, non-motile, non-spore-forming, gas production, mesophilic, aciduric, can ferment carbohydrates. Based on Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, the seventeen isolates were identified as members of the Lactobacillus genus. The seventeen isolates also showed the ability to produce exopolysaccharides in the range of 102-1570 mg/L.
{"title":"Lactic Acid Bacteria as an Exopolysaccharides (EPS) Producing Starter from Pakoba Fruit (Syzygium sp.), Endemic Species at Minahasa, North Sulawesi","authors":"Helen J. Lawalata, Jenny Kumajas, Soenandar M. Tengker, Kharly M. Runtuwene, Revanda S. Hasani, Megawati M. Weken","doi":"10.22207/jpam.17.4.51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22207/jpam.17.4.51","url":null,"abstract":"Pakoba fruit (Syzygium sp.) is one of the medicinal plants of Minahasan folks and it is an endemic species in North Sulawesi. Pakoba can only be found in Minahasa areas and is very popular among people in Minahasa. The taste is sour, making this fruit as the main ingredient to be processed into rojak, sweets, dodol, jam, or syrup. Pakoba fruit is widely used for treatment in the simplest way because this fruit contains many bioactive compounds. Pakoba fruit can act as a source of probiotics because it contains good microorganisms, namely Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB). Some types of LAB are able to synthesize exopolysaccharides (EPS), which are polysaccharide polymers considered essential for health. Therefore this research aims to determine the presence of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in Pakoba fruit and their potential to produce exopolysaccharides. The presence of lactic acid bacteria in Pakoba fruit was detected through the pour plate method on MRSA media (de Man, Rogosa and Sharpe Agar) + CaCO3 1%. The culture was incubated at 37°C for 48 hours. Growing colonies are observed morphological features of colonies, cells, biochemical and physiological properties. The isolates believed to be LAB, were then tested for its potential to produce EPS. From the total of 35 producing-acid bacteria, 17 isolates were tested as lactic acid bacteria group that had characteristics of bacilli cells, gram-positive bacteria, catalase-negative, non-motile, non-spore-forming, gas production, mesophilic, aciduric, can ferment carbohydrates. Based on Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, the seventeen isolates were identified as members of the Lactobacillus genus. The seventeen isolates also showed the ability to produce exopolysaccharides in the range of 102-1570 mg/L.","PeriodicalId":16968,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138606338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ahmed G. Merdash, G. El-Sherbiny, A. El-Gendy, A. Azmy, H. El-Kabbany, Maged S. Ahmad
Human consumption of antibiotics has increased their concentrations in many parts of the environment, including rivers, sediments, soil, and wastewater. Consequently, resistant bacteria originating from these environments are distributed to humans, resulting in illness. The aim of this study was to identify mobilized colistin-resistant (mcr) genes and quinolone-resistant (qnr) genes in E. coli strains obtained from clinical samples. Additionally, the study explored the impact of different radiation dosages on the expression of antibiotic-resistance genes. In this study, conducted in Beni-Suef, Egypt, samples from 430 community-acquired urinary tract infection (UTI) cases resulted in the isolation of 85 different strains of E. coli. Conventional microbiological procedures were employed to identify these bacterial isolates. Three bacterial isolates with resistance to both quinolones and colistin underwent examination for their corresponding genetic determinants, which subsequently proved the presence of their respective genes. Furthermore, the expression levels of the mcr-1 and qnr-S genes were assessed using real-time PCR after exposure to gamma irradiation. Remarkably, the use of a sublethal dosage of 3 kGy gamma irradiation treatment on bacterial cells increased their susceptibility to colistin and quinolones post-irradiation. Additionally, there was a notable reduction in the expression levels of both mcr-1 and qnr-S genes, which could be helpful for preventing the storage of antibiotic-resistant E. coli in the environment.
{"title":"Antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli Undergoes a Change in mcr-1 and qnr-S Expression after being Exposed to Gamma Irradiation","authors":"Ahmed G. Merdash, G. El-Sherbiny, A. El-Gendy, A. Azmy, H. El-Kabbany, Maged S. Ahmad","doi":"10.22207/jpam.17.4.61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22207/jpam.17.4.61","url":null,"abstract":"Human consumption of antibiotics has increased their concentrations in many parts of the environment, including rivers, sediments, soil, and wastewater. Consequently, resistant bacteria originating from these environments are distributed to humans, resulting in illness. The aim of this study was to identify mobilized colistin-resistant (mcr) genes and quinolone-resistant (qnr) genes in E. coli strains obtained from clinical samples. Additionally, the study explored the impact of different radiation dosages on the expression of antibiotic-resistance genes. In this study, conducted in Beni-Suef, Egypt, samples from 430 community-acquired urinary tract infection (UTI) cases resulted in the isolation of 85 different strains of E. coli. Conventional microbiological procedures were employed to identify these bacterial isolates. Three bacterial isolates with resistance to both quinolones and colistin underwent examination for their corresponding genetic determinants, which subsequently proved the presence of their respective genes. Furthermore, the expression levels of the mcr-1 and qnr-S genes were assessed using real-time PCR after exposure to gamma irradiation. Remarkably, the use of a sublethal dosage of 3 kGy gamma irradiation treatment on bacterial cells increased their susceptibility to colistin and quinolones post-irradiation. Additionally, there was a notable reduction in the expression levels of both mcr-1 and qnr-S genes, which could be helpful for preventing the storage of antibiotic-resistant E. coli in the environment.","PeriodicalId":16968,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology","volume":"61 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138606641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dermatophytosis is a prevalent infection in tropical and subtropical countries, including India. This study aims to investigate the epidemiology and clinical aspects of chronic and recurrent dermatophytosis, identify the clinical isolates, and assess the effectiveness of different microscopy and staining methods for diagnosis. The objective of the study is to study the epidemiology and clinical aspects of chronic and recurrent dermatophytosis and to identify the clinical isolates. Attempts to improve the diagnostic outcome by implementing different microscopy and staining methods have also been performed. Adult patients with chronic and recurrent cases and positive direct microscopy were included, and clinical details were recorded. The mycological culture was performed. Fifteen isolates were selected randomly and subjected to 0.9% NaCl, Chicago sky blue staining, Calcofluor white staining, and Congo red staining in addition to the standard lactophenol cotton blue (LPCB) preparation. Among the 178 patients in the study, females (56.7%) and patients aged 25-45 (50%) were more frequently affected. Tinea corporis was the most common clinical type (89.32%). Recurrent cases (56.1%) were more prevalent than chronic cases (43.9%). Culture positivity was seen in 60.1%, with Trichophyton mentagrophytes being the most common isolate (86%). Among the staining methods used on 15 selected isolates, Lactophenol Cotton Blue (LPCB) was scored as the most effective, scoring 2.6 out of 3. The study revealed several clinical and epidemiological findings related to dermatophytosis in India, including a high degree of communicability, inadvertent therapies including topical steroid misuse, and a persistent nature requiring an extended duration of therapy. Trichophyton mentagrophytes was the most frequently isolated pathogen. Of the staining methods evaluated, Lactophenol Cotton Blue (LPCB) was found to be the most effective. The findings suggest a need for continued research into effective treatments and diagnostic methods for dermatophytosis in India.
{"title":"Clinical and Mycological Characterization of Chronic and Recurrent Dermatophytes using Various Staining and Microscopic Methods","authors":"Nikhitha Amin, M. M. Shenoy, Vidya Pai","doi":"10.22207/jpam.17.4.59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22207/jpam.17.4.59","url":null,"abstract":"Dermatophytosis is a prevalent infection in tropical and subtropical countries, including India. This study aims to investigate the epidemiology and clinical aspects of chronic and recurrent dermatophytosis, identify the clinical isolates, and assess the effectiveness of different microscopy and staining methods for diagnosis. The objective of the study is to study the epidemiology and clinical aspects of chronic and recurrent dermatophytosis and to identify the clinical isolates. Attempts to improve the diagnostic outcome by implementing different microscopy and staining methods have also been performed. Adult patients with chronic and recurrent cases and positive direct microscopy were included, and clinical details were recorded. The mycological culture was performed. Fifteen isolates were selected randomly and subjected to 0.9% NaCl, Chicago sky blue staining, Calcofluor white staining, and Congo red staining in addition to the standard lactophenol cotton blue (LPCB) preparation. Among the 178 patients in the study, females (56.7%) and patients aged 25-45 (50%) were more frequently affected. Tinea corporis was the most common clinical type (89.32%). Recurrent cases (56.1%) were more prevalent than chronic cases (43.9%). Culture positivity was seen in 60.1%, with Trichophyton mentagrophytes being the most common isolate (86%). Among the staining methods used on 15 selected isolates, Lactophenol Cotton Blue (LPCB) was scored as the most effective, scoring 2.6 out of 3. The study revealed several clinical and epidemiological findings related to dermatophytosis in India, including a high degree of communicability, inadvertent therapies including topical steroid misuse, and a persistent nature requiring an extended duration of therapy. Trichophyton mentagrophytes was the most frequently isolated pathogen. Of the staining methods evaluated, Lactophenol Cotton Blue (LPCB) was found to be the most effective. The findings suggest a need for continued research into effective treatments and diagnostic methods for dermatophytosis in India.","PeriodicalId":16968,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology","volume":"47 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138606731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pallavi Ugemuge, Sarita Ugemuge, Vaishnavi Mishra, Ashwini A Tidake
Candida species are the most common cause of nosocomial fungal infections and the fourth most common cause of hospital-acquired illnesses. Fungal infection has been known to cause severe complications and even death in immunocompromised patients. With the rise in antibiotic resistance and an increase in invasive medical procedures, ICU patients are becoming more vulnerable to this infection. In order to fight this epidemic, it is essential to comprehend the causes, signs, and available treatments for Candida species. Candida auris is an exceptionally rare type of fungus that first surfaced in 2009 and poses a threat to global health. C auris-associated invasive infections have a greater mortality rate than infections caused by other Candida species. C. auris possesses a tendency to develop antifungal medication resistance, which would make therapy more challenging. While the precise cause of C. auris illnesses is uncertain, it is believed that healthcare workers can contract the illness by touching infected objects or surfaces. Medical professionals, nurses, and various other staff members all contribute significantly to preventing the transmission of C. auris infestations. Utilizing hand hygiene techniques like thorough hand washing or hand sanitizers that contain alcohol can significantly reduce the spread of fungi. It is crucial to provide healthcare workers with ongoing instruction in infection control, the proper use of antifungal medications, and the early identification of C. auris infections.
{"title":"The C. auris Epidemic: Understanding its Impact on ICU Patients","authors":"Pallavi Ugemuge, Sarita Ugemuge, Vaishnavi Mishra, Ashwini A Tidake","doi":"10.22207/jpam.17.4.57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22207/jpam.17.4.57","url":null,"abstract":"Candida species are the most common cause of nosocomial fungal infections and the fourth most common cause of hospital-acquired illnesses. Fungal infection has been known to cause severe complications and even death in immunocompromised patients. With the rise in antibiotic resistance and an increase in invasive medical procedures, ICU patients are becoming more vulnerable to this infection. In order to fight this epidemic, it is essential to comprehend the causes, signs, and available treatments for Candida species. Candida auris is an exceptionally rare type of fungus that first surfaced in 2009 and poses a threat to global health. C auris-associated invasive infections have a greater mortality rate than infections caused by other Candida species. C. auris possesses a tendency to develop antifungal medication resistance, which would make therapy more challenging. While the precise cause of C. auris illnesses is uncertain, it is believed that healthcare workers can contract the illness by touching infected objects or surfaces. Medical professionals, nurses, and various other staff members all contribute significantly to preventing the transmission of C. auris infestations. Utilizing hand hygiene techniques like thorough hand washing or hand sanitizers that contain alcohol can significantly reduce the spread of fungi. It is crucial to provide healthcare workers with ongoing instruction in infection control, the proper use of antifungal medications, and the early identification of C. auris infections.","PeriodicalId":16968,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology","volume":"80 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138606163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kiruba Ramesh, Kannapiran Ethiraj, Madhuri Krishnamoorthy, K. Rajendran, K. Krishnasamy, Sivasubramanian Srinivasan, P. Padmanaban
Influenza viruses are major communicable pathogens responsible for respiratory diseases affecting millions worldwide and denoted by increased morbidity and significant mortality. Antiviral drugs and periodical vaccination are used to control Influenza infections. The utility of currently available drugs is of major concern due to emergence of drug resistance. This necessitates the development of novel antiviral drugs from natural resources. Broad arsenal of highly effective novel anti-influenza drugs can be developed from actinomycetes which have been explored for development of an array of antimicrobials. Fractions of methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate and aqueous of the Saccharopolyspora jiangxiensis IMA1 were employed to assess the antiviral activity against Oseltamivir resistant influenza A/(H1N1)pdm09 virus. MTT, Plaque Reduction, Quantitative Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) and DAPI staining assays were performed to validate the study findings. Selectivity Index value of 18.38µg/ml concentration of the fraction was found to be effective to inhibit the growth of influenza viruses employing the Madin-Darby Canine Kidney cell line. Fraction produced a visually noticeable reduction in cytopathic effect as well as a reduction in viral titre as determined by the reduction in plaque formation. qRT-PCR assay clearly showed a linear relationship between the fraction concentration and the Ct values, demonstrating the virus growth inhibitory activity of the fraction. S.jiangxiensis IMA1 ethyl acetate fraction showed promising antiviral activity as revealed by inhibiting the amplification of influenza virus type A/(H1N1)pdm09. The research findings will be useful for the development of new antiviral drug from the bioactive actinomycetes extractions.
{"title":"Antiviral Activity of Marine Actinomycetes, Saccharopolyspora jiangxiensis IMA1 against Influenza A/(H1N1) pdm09","authors":"Kiruba Ramesh, Kannapiran Ethiraj, Madhuri Krishnamoorthy, K. Rajendran, K. Krishnasamy, Sivasubramanian Srinivasan, P. Padmanaban","doi":"10.22207/jpam.17.4.52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22207/jpam.17.4.52","url":null,"abstract":"Influenza viruses are major communicable pathogens responsible for respiratory diseases affecting millions worldwide and denoted by increased morbidity and significant mortality. Antiviral drugs and periodical vaccination are used to control Influenza infections. The utility of currently available drugs is of major concern due to emergence of drug resistance. This necessitates the development of novel antiviral drugs from natural resources. Broad arsenal of highly effective novel anti-influenza drugs can be developed from actinomycetes which have been explored for development of an array of antimicrobials. Fractions of methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate and aqueous of the Saccharopolyspora jiangxiensis IMA1 were employed to assess the antiviral activity against Oseltamivir resistant influenza A/(H1N1)pdm09 virus. MTT, Plaque Reduction, Quantitative Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) and DAPI staining assays were performed to validate the study findings. Selectivity Index value of 18.38µg/ml concentration of the fraction was found to be effective to inhibit the growth of influenza viruses employing the Madin-Darby Canine Kidney cell line. Fraction produced a visually noticeable reduction in cytopathic effect as well as a reduction in viral titre as determined by the reduction in plaque formation. qRT-PCR assay clearly showed a linear relationship between the fraction concentration and the Ct values, demonstrating the virus growth inhibitory activity of the fraction. S.jiangxiensis IMA1 ethyl acetate fraction showed promising antiviral activity as revealed by inhibiting the amplification of influenza virus type A/(H1N1)pdm09. The research findings will be useful for the development of new antiviral drug from the bioactive actinomycetes extractions.","PeriodicalId":16968,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology","volume":"15 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138606875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Choudhary, R. K. Choudhary, Manish Kumar, Satparkash Singh, Y.P.S Malik
A corkscrew-shaped spirochaete named Leptospira interrogans causes the infectious disease called leptospirosis. Leptospirosis, a growing public health concern worldwide, from subclinical infections to potentially lethal pulmonary hemorrhage. The disease caused by the pathogenic Leptospira, poses a threat to both humans and animals, and its transmission occurs through contact with infected animals, contaminated water, and soil. The prevalence of leptospirosis is influenced by various factors, including climate, urban development, and animal-rearing practices. It can manifest with severe symptoms in humans, making early diagnosis crucial. Diagnostic methods like microscopic agglutination test (MAT) and enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) are widely used for the screening of leptospira infection. Molecular technique like PCR and qPCR offering higher sensitivity and rapidity. This paper meta-analyses the incidence of leptospirosis in various animals based on the literature published from 2005 to 2023 and provides prevalence of the disease in various animal including humans. Results suggest the significance prevalence of the disease in humans and various animal species, namely buffalo, rodents, and dogs. Coastal regions in India were particularly vulnerable to the disease. Efforts to control leptospirosis include surveillance programs and public health initiatives. Understanding the epidemiology and prevalence of leptospirosis, as highlighted in this paper, is essential for implementing effective preventive measures. Finally, a continued research, diagnostic advancements, public awareness campaigns and addressing research gaps in epidemiology of the disease are critical in mitigating the impact on human and animal health. This review provides important data for public health authorities, veterinarians, scientists and for the public, in general.
{"title":"Epidemiological Status of Leptospirosis in India","authors":"S. Choudhary, R. K. Choudhary, Manish Kumar, Satparkash Singh, Y.P.S Malik","doi":"10.22207/jpam.17.4.44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22207/jpam.17.4.44","url":null,"abstract":"A corkscrew-shaped spirochaete named Leptospira interrogans causes the infectious disease called leptospirosis. Leptospirosis, a growing public health concern worldwide, from subclinical infections to potentially lethal pulmonary hemorrhage. The disease caused by the pathogenic Leptospira, poses a threat to both humans and animals, and its transmission occurs through contact with infected animals, contaminated water, and soil. The prevalence of leptospirosis is influenced by various factors, including climate, urban development, and animal-rearing practices. It can manifest with severe symptoms in humans, making early diagnosis crucial. Diagnostic methods like microscopic agglutination test (MAT) and enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) are widely used for the screening of leptospira infection. Molecular technique like PCR and qPCR offering higher sensitivity and rapidity. This paper meta-analyses the incidence of leptospirosis in various animals based on the literature published from 2005 to 2023 and provides prevalence of the disease in various animal including humans. Results suggest the significance prevalence of the disease in humans and various animal species, namely buffalo, rodents, and dogs. Coastal regions in India were particularly vulnerable to the disease. Efforts to control leptospirosis include surveillance programs and public health initiatives. Understanding the epidemiology and prevalence of leptospirosis, as highlighted in this paper, is essential for implementing effective preventive measures. Finally, a continued research, diagnostic advancements, public awareness campaigns and addressing research gaps in epidemiology of the disease are critical in mitigating the impact on human and animal health. This review provides important data for public health authorities, veterinarians, scientists and for the public, in general.","PeriodicalId":16968,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology","volume":"1251 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139202878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Moustafa, Fatma M. Mahmoud, Noor Wael Bu Khamsin, Fatima Almomen, Manar Alali, Maryam Abosbaih, Diyaa Mazen Khalaf, Rania A. Mohamed
Antimicrobial-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) constitutes a major global health warning and is significantly implicated in severe infections associated with increased morbidity and mortality. As hospitalized patients in the ICU are more vulnerable to severe infections with increased cost of treatment and prolonged hospital stays, we aimed to compare antimicrobial susceptibility of K. pneumoniae obtained from intensive care unit (ICU) and non-intensive care unit (non-ICU) patients as well as to investigate potential impact of antimicrobial resistance on patient outcome. A retrospective, cross-sectional study conducted on ICU and non-ICU patients having K. pneumoniae infection during 2021 at Prince Mohammed bin Abdulaziz Hospital (PMAH) in Riyadh. Data regarding K. pneumoniae and their antimicrobial susceptibility, were retrieved and analyzed through R Software. 229 K. pneumoniae were isolated, 33.2% from ICU patients, and 66.8% from other departments. Most of the patients were males (66.8%) belonged to the older age group (62.9%). The isolates were obtained from endotracheal aspirate, sputum, blood, urine and wound samples. The ICU patients developed higher resistance to all examined antibiotics than non-ICU (p<0.001). More than 60% of ICU Klebsiella isolates were extended-spectrum b-lactamases (ESBL) and multidrug resistant (MDR) compared to non-ICU isolates (p<0.001). The most effective drugs were amikacin, imipenem, and meropenem, but their effectiveness substantially decreased against MDR strains. There was a statistically significant difference between the MDR, ESBL, and sensitive groups regarding hospital stay and mortality (P< 0.001). ICUs have exhibited a remarkable increase in MDR K. pneumoniae, which has a negative impact on patient outcomes.
{"title":"Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Intensive and Non-intensive Care Units Patients: A One-year Retrospective Study in a Tertiary Healthcare Hospital, Saudi Arabia","authors":"N. Moustafa, Fatma M. Mahmoud, Noor Wael Bu Khamsin, Fatima Almomen, Manar Alali, Maryam Abosbaih, Diyaa Mazen Khalaf, Rania A. Mohamed","doi":"10.22207/jpam.17.4.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22207/jpam.17.4.43","url":null,"abstract":"Antimicrobial-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) constitutes a major global health warning and is significantly implicated in severe infections associated with increased morbidity and mortality. As hospitalized patients in the ICU are more vulnerable to severe infections with increased cost of treatment and prolonged hospital stays, we aimed to compare antimicrobial susceptibility of K. pneumoniae obtained from intensive care unit (ICU) and non-intensive care unit (non-ICU) patients as well as to investigate potential impact of antimicrobial resistance on patient outcome. A retrospective, cross-sectional study conducted on ICU and non-ICU patients having K. pneumoniae infection during 2021 at Prince Mohammed bin Abdulaziz Hospital (PMAH) in Riyadh. Data regarding K. pneumoniae and their antimicrobial susceptibility, were retrieved and analyzed through R Software. 229 K. pneumoniae were isolated, 33.2% from ICU patients, and 66.8% from other departments. Most of the patients were males (66.8%) belonged to the older age group (62.9%). The isolates were obtained from endotracheal aspirate, sputum, blood, urine and wound samples. The ICU patients developed higher resistance to all examined antibiotics than non-ICU (p<0.001). More than 60% of ICU Klebsiella isolates were extended-spectrum b-lactamases (ESBL) and multidrug resistant (MDR) compared to non-ICU isolates (p<0.001). The most effective drugs were amikacin, imipenem, and meropenem, but their effectiveness substantially decreased against MDR strains. There was a statistically significant difference between the MDR, ESBL, and sensitive groups regarding hospital stay and mortality (P< 0.001). ICUs have exhibited a remarkable increase in MDR K. pneumoniae, which has a negative impact on patient outcomes.","PeriodicalId":16968,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology","volume":"326 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139203104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Streptomyces sp. VITGV38 (MCC8469) was obtained from the VIT University Microbiology Laboratory where it was isolated from tomato plants. This strain was mass-cultured for 15 days and its extracellular metabolites were extracted in ethyl acetate using a liquid–liquid extraction method. The antibacterial test was performed on the ethyl acetate crude extract against selected urinary tract pathogens, Proteus mirabilis (MTCC-442), Enterococcus faecalis (MTCC-439), Klebsiella pneumoniae (MTCC-109), and Escherichia coli (MTCC-1687), The extract developed a clear inhibition zone that measured between 17–21 mm. The minimum inhibition concentration was observed from a concentration of 25 μg/ml against all selected uropathogens. GC-MS analysis revealed 35 diverse compounds in the ethyl acetate crude extract, which includes 1,2 benzenedicarboxylic acid bis(2methylpropyl) ester, dibutyl phthalate, bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, didodecyl phthalate, octadecanoic acid dodecyl ester, and dodecane. These six compounds are the major antimicrobial compounds present in the ethyl acetate extract. VITGV38 showed greyish aerial mycelium. Scanning electron microscopy revealed elliptical spores with a chain-like smooth orientation.
{"title":"Antibacterial Activities of Secondary Metabolites Derived from Streptomyces sp. VITGV38 (MCC4869) against Selected Uropathogens","authors":"Amjad Hussain, John Godwin Christopher","doi":"10.22207/jpam.17.4.42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22207/jpam.17.4.42","url":null,"abstract":"Streptomyces sp. VITGV38 (MCC8469) was obtained from the VIT University Microbiology Laboratory where it was isolated from tomato plants. This strain was mass-cultured for 15 days and its extracellular metabolites were extracted in ethyl acetate using a liquid–liquid extraction method. The antibacterial test was performed on the ethyl acetate crude extract against selected urinary tract pathogens, Proteus mirabilis (MTCC-442), Enterococcus faecalis (MTCC-439), Klebsiella pneumoniae (MTCC-109), and Escherichia coli (MTCC-1687), The extract developed a clear inhibition zone that measured between 17–21 mm. The minimum inhibition concentration was observed from a concentration of 25 μg/ml against all selected uropathogens. GC-MS analysis revealed 35 diverse compounds in the ethyl acetate crude extract, which includes 1,2 benzenedicarboxylic acid bis(2methylpropyl) ester, dibutyl phthalate, bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, didodecyl phthalate, octadecanoic acid dodecyl ester, and dodecane. These six compounds are the major antimicrobial compounds present in the ethyl acetate extract. VITGV38 showed greyish aerial mycelium. Scanning electron microscopy revealed elliptical spores with a chain-like smooth orientation.","PeriodicalId":16968,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology","volume":" 48","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139197610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pradeep Reddy Anam, Ved Prakash, Deepika Verma, Ramesh Babu Myneni
In the recent past, the incidence of Candidiasis has witnessed a concerning upsurge, resulting in a significant healthcare challenge. These infections are further exacerbated by factors like the widespread use of broad-spectrum antimicrobials, chemotherapy-induced neutropenia, and the presence of medical devices. The present study is designed to address the critical need for identifying the Candida species responsible for clinical infections and assessing their susceptibility to key antifungal drugs Fluconazole, Voriconazole, and Itraconazole. Two hundred clinical samples from Rohilkhand Medical College & Hospital, Bareilly were analyzed. Using Vitek-2 Compact (Biomerieux, France), the Candida spp. and the antifungal drug sensitivities were identified for Fluconazole and Voriconazole. E-test was done to identify Itraconazole sensitivity. This study found that C. albicans accounted for 21.5% while Non-albicans Candida (NAC) constituted 78.5%. Prolonged medication was the most common factor making susceptible for Candidiasis (43.5%), followed by indwelling biomedical devices (23%), Diabetes mellitus (16%), surgical causes (5.5%), trauma (5%), pregnancy (5%), and HIV (2%). Antifungal susceptibility testing showed that 68.5%, 72%, and 69.5% of Candida spp. isolates were sensitive to Fluconazole, Voriconazole, and Itraconazole, respectively. In conclusion, non-albicans Candida infections are increasing due to predisposing conditions, and some of these species are inherently resistant to the routinely used antifungal drugs. The study emphasizes the importance of identifying Candida spp. and their susceptibility to antifungals. This can limit the indiscriminate use of antifungal drugs, aid in selecting appropriate treatments, and reduce treatment costs, hospital stays, and patient morbidity and mortality.
{"title":"Prevalence of Candida species and their Susceptibility to Triazoles in Clinical Isolates from a Tertiary Care Hospital","authors":"Pradeep Reddy Anam, Ved Prakash, Deepika Verma, Ramesh Babu Myneni","doi":"10.22207/jpam.17.4.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22207/jpam.17.4.41","url":null,"abstract":"In the recent past, the incidence of Candidiasis has witnessed a concerning upsurge, resulting in a significant healthcare challenge. These infections are further exacerbated by factors like the widespread use of broad-spectrum antimicrobials, chemotherapy-induced neutropenia, and the presence of medical devices. The present study is designed to address the critical need for identifying the Candida species responsible for clinical infections and assessing their susceptibility to key antifungal drugs Fluconazole, Voriconazole, and Itraconazole. Two hundred clinical samples from Rohilkhand Medical College & Hospital, Bareilly were analyzed. Using Vitek-2 Compact (Biomerieux, France), the Candida spp. and the antifungal drug sensitivities were identified for Fluconazole and Voriconazole. E-test was done to identify Itraconazole sensitivity. This study found that C. albicans accounted for 21.5% while Non-albicans Candida (NAC) constituted 78.5%. Prolonged medication was the most common factor making susceptible for Candidiasis (43.5%), followed by indwelling biomedical devices (23%), Diabetes mellitus (16%), surgical causes (5.5%), trauma (5%), pregnancy (5%), and HIV (2%). Antifungal susceptibility testing showed that 68.5%, 72%, and 69.5% of Candida spp. isolates were sensitive to Fluconazole, Voriconazole, and Itraconazole, respectively. In conclusion, non-albicans Candida infections are increasing due to predisposing conditions, and some of these species are inherently resistant to the routinely used antifungal drugs. The study emphasizes the importance of identifying Candida spp. and their susceptibility to antifungals. This can limit the indiscriminate use of antifungal drugs, aid in selecting appropriate treatments, and reduce treatment costs, hospital stays, and patient morbidity and mortality.","PeriodicalId":16968,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139207436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Aini, A. Ansori, V. D. Kharisma, Ahmad Affan Ali Murtadlo, M. B. Tamam, T. H. Sucipto, V. Jakhmola, M. Rebezov, Taru Saklani, R. Zainul
Dengue virus (DENV) is still global problem and infecting millions of people a year. This virus belongs to Flavivirus and consists of the structural and non-structural proteins including envelop (E), capsid (C), NS2B/NS3, and NS5. Garcinia atroviridis Griff. ex T. Anders is traditional plant that has broad potential as antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-cancer activities. However, the anti-DENV potential of this plant is uncertain. The objective of this research is to find out the potential of the phytochemical compounds of G. atroviridis as DENV antiviral drugs targeting E, C, NSB2/NS3, and NS5 proteins using molecular simulation approach. Sample retrieval was obtained from PubChem and RCSB PDB. Drug-likeness analysis has been assessed with Swiss ADME based on the pharmacology and pharmacokinetics aspects. Toxicity prediction was done by pkCSM webserver. PyRx was carried out to screen ligand-protein interaction virtually. Visualization of the best interaction was displayed by BIOVIA Discovery Studio. CABS-flex 2.0 version webserver was performed to predict stability interaction. Atroviridin was determined as the most promising as DENV antiviral to be tested by the wet laboratory approach.
{"title":"An In Silico Study: Phytochemical Compounds Screening of Garcinia atroviridis Griff. ex T. Anders as Anti-DENV","authors":"N. Aini, A. Ansori, V. D. Kharisma, Ahmad Affan Ali Murtadlo, M. B. Tamam, T. H. Sucipto, V. Jakhmola, M. Rebezov, Taru Saklani, R. Zainul","doi":"10.22207/jpam.17.4.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22207/jpam.17.4.45","url":null,"abstract":"Dengue virus (DENV) is still global problem and infecting millions of people a year. This virus belongs to Flavivirus and consists of the structural and non-structural proteins including envelop (E), capsid (C), NS2B/NS3, and NS5. Garcinia atroviridis Griff. ex T. Anders is traditional plant that has broad potential as antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-cancer activities. However, the anti-DENV potential of this plant is uncertain. The objective of this research is to find out the potential of the phytochemical compounds of G. atroviridis as DENV antiviral drugs targeting E, C, NSB2/NS3, and NS5 proteins using molecular simulation approach. Sample retrieval was obtained from PubChem and RCSB PDB. Drug-likeness analysis has been assessed with Swiss ADME based on the pharmacology and pharmacokinetics aspects. Toxicity prediction was done by pkCSM webserver. PyRx was carried out to screen ligand-protein interaction virtually. Visualization of the best interaction was displayed by BIOVIA Discovery Studio. CABS-flex 2.0 version webserver was performed to predict stability interaction. Atroviridin was determined as the most promising as DENV antiviral to be tested by the wet laboratory approach.","PeriodicalId":16968,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology","volume":"119 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139199360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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