A. Surendra Babu, N. Guruprasath, S.A.O. Adeyeye, P. Sankarganesh, A. Ganesh Kumar, T. Sivapriya
Postbiotics are an emerging field in gut and gastroenterological research. Despite it being a vast field, limited scientific research has been conducted on this topic. Postbiotics are functional bioactive compounds generated in the cell wall matrix during fermentation that may be used to promote health. Postbiotics play a critical role in human immune development against communicable and noncommunicable diseases. This review focuses on the recent advances and future perspectives of postbiotics in health and food science. The review also discussed the criteria and different types of postbiotics and elucidated the significance of postbiotics. The paper further reviewed the role of postbiotics as preservatives, active ingredients in packaging systems, anti-biofilm agents, and decontaminant agents in food processing industries.
{"title":"A Critical Analysis of Postbiotics: Exploring their Potential Impact on the Health and Food Industries","authors":"A. Surendra Babu, N. Guruprasath, S.A.O. Adeyeye, P. Sankarganesh, A. Ganesh Kumar, T. Sivapriya","doi":"10.22207/jpam.17.4.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22207/jpam.17.4.18","url":null,"abstract":"Postbiotics are an emerging field in gut and gastroenterological research. Despite it being a vast field, limited scientific research has been conducted on this topic. Postbiotics are functional bioactive compounds generated in the cell wall matrix during fermentation that may be used to promote health. Postbiotics play a critical role in human immune development against communicable and noncommunicable diseases. This review focuses on the recent advances and future perspectives of postbiotics in health and food science. The review also discussed the criteria and different types of postbiotics and elucidated the significance of postbiotics. The paper further reviewed the role of postbiotics as preservatives, active ingredients in packaging systems, anti-biofilm agents, and decontaminant agents in food processing industries.","PeriodicalId":16968,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology","volume":" 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135141320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rajagopal Murali, Sivasambo Kalpana, Panneerselvam Satheeshkumar, Prabu Dhandapani
Scrub typhus is one of the important vector borne illness which is largely underdiagnosed, particularly in children. It causes mild febrile illness to severe complications. More than 20 genotypic clusters are documented from various geographical regions based on sequence variations of 56kDa type specific antigen gene of Orientia tsutsugamushi, the causative agent of scrub typhus. Adequate knowledge about epidemiology and genetic diversity in endemic regions is an important tool for clinical management, development of diagnostic kit and vaccines. Limited studies are available based on genotypic characterization of Orientia tsutsugamushi in children. The present study determined the prevalence and genotypic characterization of Orientia tsutsugamushi in febrile pediatric patients admitted in tertiary care hospital of Chennai, South India. Both serum and blood samples were collected from 239 scrub typhus suspected febrile pediatric patient’s aged between 6 months to 12 years. IgM ELISA and 56kDa nested PCR were performed on all the patient samples. Nested PCR positive samples were sequenced and analyzed for genotypic differences. Among 239 samples, 103 were positive for IgM ELISA and 35 were positive for nPCR analysis. Out of the 108 scrub typhus positive cases, 45.31% (58/128) were male and 45.05% (50/111) were female. Eschar was positive in 56.48% of patients. Pneumonia (4/108), hypotensive shock (3/108), and myocarditis (1/108) were the most common clinical complications associated with scrub typhus positive children. Karp (56.6%) was the most common genotypic cluster found in our study, followed by TA716 (33.33%), TA763 (2/30), and Gilliam (1/30).
{"title":"Seroprevalence and Genotypic Characterization of Orientia tsutsugamushi in Febrile Pediatric Patients Admitted in Tertiary Care Hospital of Chennai, South India","authors":"Rajagopal Murali, Sivasambo Kalpana, Panneerselvam Satheeshkumar, Prabu Dhandapani","doi":"10.22207/jpam.17.4.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22207/jpam.17.4.20","url":null,"abstract":"Scrub typhus is one of the important vector borne illness which is largely underdiagnosed, particularly in children. It causes mild febrile illness to severe complications. More than 20 genotypic clusters are documented from various geographical regions based on sequence variations of 56kDa type specific antigen gene of Orientia tsutsugamushi, the causative agent of scrub typhus. Adequate knowledge about epidemiology and genetic diversity in endemic regions is an important tool for clinical management, development of diagnostic kit and vaccines. Limited studies are available based on genotypic characterization of Orientia tsutsugamushi in children. The present study determined the prevalence and genotypic characterization of Orientia tsutsugamushi in febrile pediatric patients admitted in tertiary care hospital of Chennai, South India. Both serum and blood samples were collected from 239 scrub typhus suspected febrile pediatric patient’s aged between 6 months to 12 years. IgM ELISA and 56kDa nested PCR were performed on all the patient samples. Nested PCR positive samples were sequenced and analyzed for genotypic differences. Among 239 samples, 103 were positive for IgM ELISA and 35 were positive for nPCR analysis. Out of the 108 scrub typhus positive cases, 45.31% (58/128) were male and 45.05% (50/111) were female. Eschar was positive in 56.48% of patients. Pneumonia (4/108), hypotensive shock (3/108), and myocarditis (1/108) were the most common clinical complications associated with scrub typhus positive children. Karp (56.6%) was the most common genotypic cluster found in our study, followed by TA716 (33.33%), TA763 (2/30), and Gilliam (1/30).","PeriodicalId":16968,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology","volume":" 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135141794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sarah Benouagueni, Asma Labid, Aida Mehainaoui, Djamila Gacemi Kirane
The overall aim of this paper was to divulge the pathogenic and beneficial bacterial flora of cockroaches (Blatta orientalis) living in a hospital area in Annaba city, Algeria. Thirteen cockroaches were randomly apprehended in sterile conditions during March 2022 in two different hospitals in Annaba, “El Bouni” Hospital and the “Sainte-Therese” Hospital. Bacterial strains were isolated from the imprint of the insect on Petri dishes previously inoculated with different media, also from external and internal body part suspensions of the captured specimens. Biochemical identification was established using the analytical profile Index (API) System (Biomerieux, France). The identification of the enteric-screened strain was confirmed using molecular sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene and phylogenetic analysis was performed. The results showed a high prevalence of the pathogenic strains isolated from the oriental cockroach Blatta orientalis (225 strains), such as Serratia liquefaciens, Raoultella ornithinolytica, Pseudomonas luteola, Enterobacter aerogenes, Hafniaalvei and Bacillus sp. Phylogenetic analysis of the enteric bacteria confirmed the affiliation with Shimwellia blattae NCTC10965 (100%), Basonym Escherichia blattae, which is a natural cyanocobalamin producer. Results confirm at the same time the symbiotic relationship between S. blattae and Blatta orientalis, but also point out the underrepresented potential of these insects as a source of strains with biotechnological interest.
{"title":"Isolation and Identification of Shimwellia blattae from the Gut of the Hospital Cockroach Blatta orientalis in Annaba City, Algeria","authors":"Sarah Benouagueni, Asma Labid, Aida Mehainaoui, Djamila Gacemi Kirane","doi":"10.22207/jpam.17.4.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22207/jpam.17.4.22","url":null,"abstract":"The overall aim of this paper was to divulge the pathogenic and beneficial bacterial flora of cockroaches (Blatta orientalis) living in a hospital area in Annaba city, Algeria. Thirteen cockroaches were randomly apprehended in sterile conditions during March 2022 in two different hospitals in Annaba, “El Bouni” Hospital and the “Sainte-Therese” Hospital. Bacterial strains were isolated from the imprint of the insect on Petri dishes previously inoculated with different media, also from external and internal body part suspensions of the captured specimens. Biochemical identification was established using the analytical profile Index (API) System (Biomerieux, France). The identification of the enteric-screened strain was confirmed using molecular sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene and phylogenetic analysis was performed. The results showed a high prevalence of the pathogenic strains isolated from the oriental cockroach Blatta orientalis (225 strains), such as Serratia liquefaciens, Raoultella ornithinolytica, Pseudomonas luteola, Enterobacter aerogenes, Hafniaalvei and Bacillus sp. Phylogenetic analysis of the enteric bacteria confirmed the affiliation with Shimwellia blattae NCTC10965 (100%), Basonym Escherichia blattae, which is a natural cyanocobalamin producer. Results confirm at the same time the symbiotic relationship between S. blattae and Blatta orientalis, but also point out the underrepresented potential of these insects as a source of strains with biotechnological interest.","PeriodicalId":16968,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology","volume":" 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135141500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammed Ashraf Ali Namaji, Muzafar Ahmad Bhat, Manas Dixit, Sanjay Pratap Singh, Raghavendra Huchchannavar
A sudden emergence of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia as a primary pathogen both in immunocompromised and immunocompetent individuals has raised a serious concern, as it is associated with significant case fatality ratio. We intended to study the clinico-microbiological profile of S. maltophilia isolates from various samples and outcome of the infections in a tertiary healthcare center, Pune, India. This is an observational cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2021 to June 2022 at Department of Microbiology of a tertiary care Centre in Pune, India. Of the 12049 samples received for culture, S. maltophilia was isolated in 57 samples. Only 42 samples with pure growth of S. maltophilia were included in the study with 15 excluded due to mixed growth. All isolates were confirmed by VITEK-MS (bioMerieux, SA, France) which uses Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time-of-Flight (MALDI-TOF) technology. Of the 42 isolates, majority were isolated from pus(28.6%) and most of patients (61.9%) were from acute health care settings. The isolates had high susceptibility to Cotrimoxazole (85.7%) and Minocycline (85.7%) and low susceptibility to Ceftazidime (45.2%). A case fatality rate of 7.1% (3/42 cases) was noted and 39 cases were discharged after complete treatment. All the three fatal cases were susceptible to levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, cotrimoxazole and minocycline and all three fatal cases were resistant to ceftazidime. S. maltophilia has recently shown an increase in nosocomial infections especially in acute healthcare settings like ICU and other critical care wards. The isolates of the present study had high susceptibility to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SXT) and Minocycline and low susceptible to Ceftazidime.
嗜麦芽窄养单胞菌作为免疫功能低下和免疫功能正常个体的主要病原体的突然出现引起了人们的严重关注，因为它与显著的病死率有关。我们打算在印度浦那的一个三级保健中心研究从不同样本分离的嗜麦芽葡萄球菌的临床微生物学特征和感染的结果。这是一项观察性横断面研究，于2021年1月至2022年6月在印度浦那的一家三级保健中心微生物学系进行。在12049份培养样品中，57份样品分离到嗜麦芽链球菌。仅42份单纯生长的嗜麦芽链球菌纳入研究，15份因混合生长而被排除。所有分离物均采用基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间(MALDI-TOF)技术的VITEK-MS (bioMerieux, SA, France)进行鉴定。在42株分离株中，大多数是从脓液中分离出来的(28.6%)，大多数患者(61.9%)来自急性卫生保健机构。对复方新诺明(85.7%)和米诺环素(85.7%)敏感性高，对头孢他啶(45.2%)敏感性低。病死率为7.1%(3/42)，39例经完全治疗出院。3例死亡病例对左氧氟沙星、环丙沙星、复方新诺明、米诺环素均敏感，对头孢他啶均耐药。嗜麦芽链球菌最近显示出医院感染的增加，特别是在重症监护室和其他重症监护病房等急性医疗保健环境中。本研究分离株对甲氧苄啶-磺胺甲恶唑(TMP-SXT)和米诺环素敏感性高，对头孢他啶敏感性低。
{"title":"Antibacterial Susceptibility Pattern of S. Maltophilia Isolates at A Tertiary Care Hospital, India","authors":"Mohammed Ashraf Ali Namaji, Muzafar Ahmad Bhat, Manas Dixit, Sanjay Pratap Singh, Raghavendra Huchchannavar","doi":"10.22207/jpam.17.4.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22207/jpam.17.4.23","url":null,"abstract":"A sudden emergence of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia as a primary pathogen both in immunocompromised and immunocompetent individuals has raised a serious concern, as it is associated with significant case fatality ratio. We intended to study the clinico-microbiological profile of S. maltophilia isolates from various samples and outcome of the infections in a tertiary healthcare center, Pune, India. This is an observational cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2021 to June 2022 at Department of Microbiology of a tertiary care Centre in Pune, India. Of the 12049 samples received for culture, S. maltophilia was isolated in 57 samples. Only 42 samples with pure growth of S. maltophilia were included in the study with 15 excluded due to mixed growth. All isolates were confirmed by VITEK-MS (bioMerieux, SA, France) which uses Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time-of-Flight (MALDI-TOF) technology. Of the 42 isolates, majority were isolated from pus(28.6%) and most of patients (61.9%) were from acute health care settings. The isolates had high susceptibility to Cotrimoxazole (85.7%) and Minocycline (85.7%) and low susceptibility to Ceftazidime (45.2%). A case fatality rate of 7.1% (3/42 cases) was noted and 39 cases were discharged after complete treatment. All the three fatal cases were susceptible to levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, cotrimoxazole and minocycline and all three fatal cases were resistant to ceftazidime. S. maltophilia has recently shown an increase in nosocomial infections especially in acute healthcare settings like ICU and other critical care wards. The isolates of the present study had high susceptibility to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SXT) and Minocycline and low susceptible to Ceftazidime.","PeriodicalId":16968,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology","volume":" 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135141315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wafaa Odeh, Mais Sweiss, Fatima Haj Ahmad, Zeinab Arabeyyat, Waed Alnsour, Marah Aldabbas, Maen Hasan
In light of the rapid and extreme changes in climate and the steady depletion of natural resources, there is an urgent need to find innovative and sustainable solutions to these problems. Microorganisms such as microalgae can offer viable solutions to these challenges. Proper investment in such organisms requires the identification of the algal species that inhabit the region. Therefore, this study aimed to isolate and molecularly characterize green microalgae that inhabit freshwater at different locations in the governorates of Irbid and Ajloun in the northern region of Jordan. Water samples collected from these regions were used to isolate single colonies, some of which exhibited different morphological characteristics. Genomic DNA was extracted from the isolates and used as a template for PCR amplification of the 18S ribosomal DNA gene (18S rDNA) and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. Phylogenetic trees were constructed based on 18S rDNA and ITS PCR product sequences, which were used to identify the isolates at the genus level. The obtained isolates belonged to three genera; Coelastrella, Desmodesmus, and Monoraphidium. The latter species has not been previously reported in Jordan.
{"title":"Isolation and Identification of Green Microalgae from Northern Jordan","authors":"Wafaa Odeh, Mais Sweiss, Fatima Haj Ahmad, Zeinab Arabeyyat, Waed Alnsour, Marah Aldabbas, Maen Hasan","doi":"10.22207/jpam.17.4.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22207/jpam.17.4.17","url":null,"abstract":"In light of the rapid and extreme changes in climate and the steady depletion of natural resources, there is an urgent need to find innovative and sustainable solutions to these problems. Microorganisms such as microalgae can offer viable solutions to these challenges. Proper investment in such organisms requires the identification of the algal species that inhabit the region. Therefore, this study aimed to isolate and molecularly characterize green microalgae that inhabit freshwater at different locations in the governorates of Irbid and Ajloun in the northern region of Jordan. Water samples collected from these regions were used to isolate single colonies, some of which exhibited different morphological characteristics. Genomic DNA was extracted from the isolates and used as a template for PCR amplification of the 18S ribosomal DNA gene (18S rDNA) and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. Phylogenetic trees were constructed based on 18S rDNA and ITS PCR product sequences, which were used to identify the isolates at the genus level. The obtained isolates belonged to three genera; Coelastrella, Desmodesmus, and Monoraphidium. The latter species has not been previously reported in Jordan.","PeriodicalId":16968,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology","volume":"262 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135320505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B.P. Prasanna, Kiran Baliga, K. Vishwas Saralaya, P. Anupama Nayak, S.R. Ravikiran
Newborns have the highest risk of death in the first 4 weeks of their life. Umbilical cord of a child is an important site for microorganism colonization and also forms a portal of entry for invasive pathogens. This study focuses on the bacterial colonization with 2 separate cord care regimens: dry cord and 4% chlorhexidine care group. This is a randomized control time-bound study conducted at a tertiary health care centre in Mangalore. A total of 144 newborns fulfilling the inclusion criteria were included and then divided randomly into two groups: dry cord care and 4% chlorhexidine. Two swabs were collected, baseline swab (swab 1) within 3 hours of birth and second swab (swab 2) at 120± 10 hours of birth and these samples were cultured for gram negative and positive organisms. Results were evaluvated with Chi-Square test. Out of 144 samples, in 115 showed no growth at the baseline and only 29 showed growth. In the dry cord care group, 38.9% showed growth of microorganism in comparison with chlorhexidine group which was 1.4% in swab 1 (baseline) and in swab 2, 87.5% in dry cord care group and 18.1% in chlrohexidine group in swab 2 respectively. It was observed that methicilin susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were the most common microorganisms isolated with others being Pseudomonas species, coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS), Enterobacter species and Citrobacter species. Use of 4% chlorhexidine is effective in reducing colonization of bacteria and infection in comparison with dry cord care method. Therefore, decontamination of the umbilical cord with 4% of chlorhexidine should be recommended in a newborn child. However, both cord care methods did not lead to any infections.
{"title":"Effectiveness of the Topical Application of 4% Chlorhexidine on Umbilical Cord Bacterial Colonization – A Non-Randomized Control Study","authors":"B.P. Prasanna, Kiran Baliga, K. Vishwas Saralaya, P. Anupama Nayak, S.R. Ravikiran","doi":"10.22207/jpam.17.4.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22207/jpam.17.4.15","url":null,"abstract":"Newborns have the highest risk of death in the first 4 weeks of their life. Umbilical cord of a child is an important site for microorganism colonization and also forms a portal of entry for invasive pathogens. This study focuses on the bacterial colonization with 2 separate cord care regimens: dry cord and 4% chlorhexidine care group. This is a randomized control time-bound study conducted at a tertiary health care centre in Mangalore. A total of 144 newborns fulfilling the inclusion criteria were included and then divided randomly into two groups: dry cord care and 4% chlorhexidine. Two swabs were collected, baseline swab (swab 1) within 3 hours of birth and second swab (swab 2) at 120± 10 hours of birth and these samples were cultured for gram negative and positive organisms. Results were evaluvated with Chi-Square test. Out of 144 samples, in 115 showed no growth at the baseline and only 29 showed growth. In the dry cord care group, 38.9% showed growth of microorganism in comparison with chlorhexidine group which was 1.4% in swab 1 (baseline) and in swab 2, 87.5% in dry cord care group and 18.1% in chlrohexidine group in swab 2 respectively. It was observed that methicilin susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were the most common microorganisms isolated with others being Pseudomonas species, coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS), Enterobacter species and Citrobacter species. Use of 4% chlorhexidine is effective in reducing colonization of bacteria and infection in comparison with dry cord care method. Therefore, decontamination of the umbilical cord with 4% of chlorhexidine should be recommended in a newborn child. However, both cord care methods did not lead to any infections.","PeriodicalId":16968,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology","volume":"272 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135320681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fredrick Tiria, Erick Odoyo, Martin Georges, Andrew Nyerere, Lillian Musila
Klebsiella pneumoniae is an opportunistic pathogen and a major cause of nosocomial infections. Phenotypic analysis of virulence and molecular typing of virulence-associated genes are powerful approaches to understanding Klebsiella pneumoniae infection biology. This study subjected 102 clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates to virulence gene screening and phenotypic analysis of serum resistance, biofilm formation, and hypermucoviscosity. The virulence genes mrkD, ybtS, wcaJ, entD, and rmpA had a prevalence of 95.1%, 30.4%, 27.5%, 22.5%, and 0.98%, respectively. 54.9%, 36.3%, and 8.8% were serum resistant, intermediate, and susceptible, respectively. There was no significant correlation between the presence of mrkD, ybtS, wcaJ, entD, and rmpA genes and serum non-susceptibility. 53.9%, 22.5%, 6.9%, and 16.7% were strong, moderate, weak, and non-biofilm formers, respectively. The biofilm-forming phenotype was significantly correlated with mrkD (P= 0.000098) and ybtS (P=0.032) gene presence. In addition, 11.8 % of the isolates had the hypermucoviscous phenotype indicating hypervirulence. All of these hypervirulent isolates were positive for the mrkD gene and were significantly associated with the presence of the wcaJ gene (P = 0.000085). These results indicate a positive association between virulence genes with biofilm formation and hypervirulence. In conclusion, Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates circulating in Kenya are predominantly serum non-susceptible and biofilm formers. mrkD, ybtS, and wcaJ genes were identified as key genes influencing biofilm formation and hypervirulence and would be good targets for vaccine development to reduce the severity of Klebsiella pneumoniae infections in Kenya.
{"title":"Molecular Detection of Key Virulence-associated Genes and Phenotypic Analysis of Virulence Traits of Klebsiella pneumoniae Clinical Isolates from Kenya","authors":"Fredrick Tiria, Erick Odoyo, Martin Georges, Andrew Nyerere, Lillian Musila","doi":"10.22207/jpam.17.4.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22207/jpam.17.4.16","url":null,"abstract":"Klebsiella pneumoniae is an opportunistic pathogen and a major cause of nosocomial infections. Phenotypic analysis of virulence and molecular typing of virulence-associated genes are powerful approaches to understanding Klebsiella pneumoniae infection biology. This study subjected 102 clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates to virulence gene screening and phenotypic analysis of serum resistance, biofilm formation, and hypermucoviscosity. The virulence genes mrkD, ybtS, wcaJ, entD, and rmpA had a prevalence of 95.1%, 30.4%, 27.5%, 22.5%, and 0.98%, respectively. 54.9%, 36.3%, and 8.8% were serum resistant, intermediate, and susceptible, respectively. There was no significant correlation between the presence of mrkD, ybtS, wcaJ, entD, and rmpA genes and serum non-susceptibility. 53.9%, 22.5%, 6.9%, and 16.7% were strong, moderate, weak, and non-biofilm formers, respectively. The biofilm-forming phenotype was significantly correlated with mrkD (P= 0.000098) and ybtS (P=0.032) gene presence. In addition, 11.8 % of the isolates had the hypermucoviscous phenotype indicating hypervirulence. All of these hypervirulent isolates were positive for the mrkD gene and were significantly associated with the presence of the wcaJ gene (P = 0.000085). These results indicate a positive association between virulence genes with biofilm formation and hypervirulence. In conclusion, Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates circulating in Kenya are predominantly serum non-susceptible and biofilm formers. mrkD, ybtS, and wcaJ genes were identified as key genes influencing biofilm formation and hypervirulence and would be good targets for vaccine development to reduce the severity of Klebsiella pneumoniae infections in Kenya.","PeriodicalId":16968,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology","volume":"1 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135272836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Achromobacter xylosoxidans is an emerging nosocomial pathogen which is commonly found in the environment. In hospital settings, especially in ICU, it can be a cause of nosocomial infection. It is commonly found in the humidifiers in ICU settings and it is also commonly associated with the immunocompromised state of patient having comorbidities. The objective of the study was to study the prevalence of Achromobacter xylosoxidans and its antimicrobial sensitivity pattern. The Retrospective analysis was done of the culture reports positive for Achromobacter xylosoxidans by VITEK 2 method and its Antimicrobial sensitivity pattern was analysed from the period of September 2021 to February 2023.The maximum (54.54%) infection was seen in the age group >50 years. The maximum number (66.2%) of Achromobacter xylosoxidans were isolated from Suction tip, followed by blood (8%) and Tracheal Tip (5%). Surgical ICU contributed to the maximum number of infections i.e. 40.2%, followed by Respiratory ICU (22.1%). Maximum sensitivity was seen for Cotrimoxazole and Meropenem (around 80%), followed by Cefoperazone-Sulbactam (74%), Imipenem, Levofloxacin, Ceftazidime (around 65%). The sensitivity was minimal for Ceftriaxone (0%), Aztreonam (1.3%), and Gentamicin (5.2%). The most common risk factors/ comorbidities associated with Achromobacter infections was recent ICU admission (87.01%). The antibiotic sensitivity trends to all the antibiotics used, declined from 2021 to 2022. The antibiotic of choice to our conclusion is Cotrimoxazole, followed by Piperacillin-Tazobactam. Colistin should be kept as a reserve drug for the last resort treatment. The bacteria should not be ignored as it can lead to various opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients, causing hindrance in the treatment.
{"title":"Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern and Prevalence of the Emerging Nosocomial Pathogen Achromobacter xylosoxidans in a North Indian Tertiary Care Hospital","authors":"Malvika Singh, Dimple Raina, Ranjana Rohilla, Himanshu Narula, Ajay Pandita","doi":"10.22207/jpam.17.4.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22207/jpam.17.4.11","url":null,"abstract":"Achromobacter xylosoxidans is an emerging nosocomial pathogen which is commonly found in the environment. In hospital settings, especially in ICU, it can be a cause of nosocomial infection. It is commonly found in the humidifiers in ICU settings and it is also commonly associated with the immunocompromised state of patient having comorbidities. The objective of the study was to study the prevalence of Achromobacter xylosoxidans and its antimicrobial sensitivity pattern. The Retrospective analysis was done of the culture reports positive for Achromobacter xylosoxidans by VITEK 2 method and its Antimicrobial sensitivity pattern was analysed from the period of September 2021 to February 2023.The maximum (54.54%) infection was seen in the age group >50 years. The maximum number (66.2%) of Achromobacter xylosoxidans were isolated from Suction tip, followed by blood (8%) and Tracheal Tip (5%). Surgical ICU contributed to the maximum number of infections i.e. 40.2%, followed by Respiratory ICU (22.1%). Maximum sensitivity was seen for Cotrimoxazole and Meropenem (around 80%), followed by Cefoperazone-Sulbactam (74%), Imipenem, Levofloxacin, Ceftazidime (around 65%). The sensitivity was minimal for Ceftriaxone (0%), Aztreonam (1.3%), and Gentamicin (5.2%). The most common risk factors/ comorbidities associated with Achromobacter infections was recent ICU admission (87.01%). The antibiotic sensitivity trends to all the antibiotics used, declined from 2021 to 2022. The antibiotic of choice to our conclusion is Cotrimoxazole, followed by Piperacillin-Tazobactam. Colistin should be kept as a reserve drug for the last resort treatment. The bacteria should not be ignored as it can lead to various opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients, causing hindrance in the treatment.","PeriodicalId":16968,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135411654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cardiovascular disorders have been linked to myeloperoxidase, an enzyme generated from leukocytes. MPO creates an antibacterial system and has been many correlations between MPO, hs-CRP and cardiovascular disease. The present study has aimed to assess MPO, hs-CRP and subclinical atherosclerosis in metabolic syndrome patients by using FMD and CIMT parameters. 75 metabolic syndrome affected patients had defined as per the criteria of IDF (International Diabetes Federation) which had been in this study. In addition, ultrasound doppler had been employed for determining the carotid intima medial thickness for both right and left (left and right CIMT) and brachial artery FMD. By employing the Immunoassay MPO and hs-CRP ultrasensitive ELISA kit, the concentration of MPO and hs-CRP is measured. A positive link between MPO with CIMT right and left (r value of right CIMT=0.723, p <0.05 and left CIMT r=0.712, p<0.01), hs-CRP with CIMT right and left (r value of right CIMT=0.613, p<0.05and left CIMT r=0.64, p<0.01)and a significant inverse correlation between MPO with FMD (r= -0.319,p<0.05), hs-CRP with FMD (r= -0.304,p<0.01) in metabolic syndrome patients. Serum MPO and hs-CRP is positively linked with subclinical atherosclerosis in metabolic syndrome patients. According to this finding, understanding the mechanism behind the risk factors for cardiovascular disease can be aided by the development of new molecular markers for metabolic syndrome and subclinical atherosclerosis.
{"title":"Comparing hs-CRP and MPO Biomarkers of subclinical Atherosclerosis in Metabolic Syndrome Patients","authors":"Abishkauf Jenish Beautlin, Ashok Govindaraj, Durga Devi, Gurubharath Ilangovan, Divya Lakshmi","doi":"10.22207/jpam.17.4.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22207/jpam.17.4.12","url":null,"abstract":"Cardiovascular disorders have been linked to myeloperoxidase, an enzyme generated from leukocytes. MPO creates an antibacterial system and has been many correlations between MPO, hs-CRP and cardiovascular disease. The present study has aimed to assess MPO, hs-CRP and subclinical atherosclerosis in metabolic syndrome patients by using FMD and CIMT parameters. 75 metabolic syndrome affected patients had defined as per the criteria of IDF (International Diabetes Federation) which had been in this study. In addition, ultrasound doppler had been employed for determining the carotid intima medial thickness for both right and left (left and right CIMT) and brachial artery FMD. By employing the Immunoassay MPO and hs-CRP ultrasensitive ELISA kit, the concentration of MPO and hs-CRP is measured. A positive link between MPO with CIMT right and left (r value of right CIMT=0.723, p <0.05 and left CIMT r=0.712, p<0.01), hs-CRP with CIMT right and left (r value of right CIMT=0.613, p<0.05and left CIMT r=0.64, p<0.01)and a significant inverse correlation between MPO with FMD (r= -0.319,p<0.05), hs-CRP with FMD (r= -0.304,p<0.01) in metabolic syndrome patients. Serum MPO and hs-CRP is positively linked with subclinical atherosclerosis in metabolic syndrome patients. According to this finding, understanding the mechanism behind the risk factors for cardiovascular disease can be aided by the development of new molecular markers for metabolic syndrome and subclinical atherosclerosis.","PeriodicalId":16968,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135366345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Anitharaj, J. Pradeep, S. Amsaveni, Selvaraj Stephen, Pooja Pratheesh
Scrub typhus (ST) is a re-emerging zoonotic disease caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi and is transmitted by chiggers. Serological tests targeting IgM and/or IgG antibodies play a major role in the detection of ST cases. Orientia 56kDa genome is common target for the molecular diagosis of ST to identify the prevalence of specific serotypes of O. tsutsugamushi in and around Puducherry by targeting 56kDa gene with the application of phylogenetic analysis. This prospective laboratory-based study was conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital, from November 2105 to March 2018. Blood samples were collected from out-patients/in-patients, and those tested positive for ST IgM ELISA (n=140) and an equal number of negative samples were archived and anonymized. Genomic DNA was extracted and analyzed by using Nested PCR and LAMP assay. The positive products were purified and sequenced. Phylogenetic tree was constructed based on the sequences. Among 280 samples, 45 (16.1%) N-PCR and 102 LAMP (36.43%) positivity was observed for 56kDa gene. Forty-one N-PCR positive products were sequenced and accession numbers were obtained (MG601875 to MG601917) for the isolates. Phylogenetic analysis was done by Maximum Likelihood methods and this study has showed that 32.3% are similar to the Karp isolates. Molecular diagnosis of Scrub typhus has become essential in case of doubtful serology and early acute phase of illness. Gene sequencing result indicates that most of them were different from the existing ones, which may belong to the newer strains. The identification of newer strains will be helpful in future for development of scrub typhus vaccine.
{"title":"Application of Nested PCR and Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) to Target 56kDa gene in Scrub Typhus Patients and Phylogenetic Analysis to Identify Orientia tsutsugamushi Strains Circulating In and Around Puducherry","authors":"V. Anitharaj, J. Pradeep, S. Amsaveni, Selvaraj Stephen, Pooja Pratheesh","doi":"10.22207/jpam.17.4.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22207/jpam.17.4.09","url":null,"abstract":"Scrub typhus (ST) is a re-emerging zoonotic disease caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi and is transmitted by chiggers. Serological tests targeting IgM and/or IgG antibodies play a major role in the detection of ST cases. Orientia 56kDa genome is common target for the molecular diagosis of ST to identify the prevalence of specific serotypes of O. tsutsugamushi in and around Puducherry by targeting 56kDa gene with the application of phylogenetic analysis. This prospective laboratory-based study was conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital, from November 2105 to March 2018. Blood samples were collected from out-patients/in-patients, and those tested positive for ST IgM ELISA (n=140) and an equal number of negative samples were archived and anonymized. Genomic DNA was extracted and analyzed by using Nested PCR and LAMP assay. The positive products were purified and sequenced. Phylogenetic tree was constructed based on the sequences. Among 280 samples, 45 (16.1%) N-PCR and 102 LAMP (36.43%) positivity was observed for 56kDa gene. Forty-one N-PCR positive products were sequenced and accession numbers were obtained (MG601875 to MG601917) for the isolates. Phylogenetic analysis was done by Maximum Likelihood methods and this study has showed that 32.3% are similar to the Karp isolates. Molecular diagnosis of Scrub typhus has become essential in case of doubtful serology and early acute phase of illness. Gene sequencing result indicates that most of them were different from the existing ones, which may belong to the newer strains. The identification of newer strains will be helpful in future for development of scrub typhus vaccine.","PeriodicalId":16968,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology","volume":"1 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135411663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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