Pub Date : 1968-04-01DOI: 10.1088/0022-3735/1/4/307
A Delong, V Drahos
The article deals with the essential features of a new electron emission microscope, special attention being paid to the vacuum system and the objective lens. The vacuum of the order of 10 ntorr is attained in the specimen chamber with the help of an ion-getter pump, and the spectrum of residual gases is checked continuously during the operation. The rest of the optical system is evacuated by a conventional vacuum system with automatic valving. A specimen air-lock contributes to quick cycles of operation. Different kinds of emission microscopy are possible with the instrument. An example of the favourable influence of improved vacuum conditions in case of tunnel emission is given at the end.
{"title":"On some features of a new electron emission microscope.","authors":"A Delong, V Drahos","doi":"10.1088/0022-3735/1/4/307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3735/1/4/307","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the essential features of a new electron emission microscope, special attention being paid to the vacuum system and the objective lens. The vacuum of the order of 10 ntorr is attained in the specimen chamber with the help of an ion-getter pump, and the spectrum of residual gases is checked continuously during the operation. The rest of the optical system is evacuated by a conventional vacuum system with automatic valving. A specimen air-lock contributes to quick cycles of operation. Different kinds of emission microscopy are possible with the instrument. An example of the favourable influence of improved vacuum conditions in case of tunnel emission is given at the end.","PeriodicalId":16983,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Instruments","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1968-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1088/0022-3735/1/4/307","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"16753173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1968-04-01DOI: 10.1088/0022-3735/1/4/442
J T Lloyd
A U-tube manometer is described which can be used as a mercury manometer reading up to 120 torr pressure difference or as an oil manometer reading up to 10 torr.
{"title":"A dual range manometer.","authors":"J T Lloyd","doi":"10.1088/0022-3735/1/4/442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3735/1/4/442","url":null,"abstract":"A U-tube manometer is described which can be used as a mercury manometer reading up to 120 torr pressure difference or as an oil manometer reading up to 10 torr.","PeriodicalId":16983,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Instruments","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1968-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1088/0022-3735/1/4/442","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"16752791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1968-04-01DOI: 10.1088/0022-3735/1/4/316
J A Reynolds
By use of a simple chopper-disk and electronic circuitry a respiratory type gasmeter may be modified quite simply and provide permanent records on a chart recorder. Visual presentation of ventilation by means of a moving coil meter and electromagnetic counter is available when paper records are not required. Reset switches allow the instrument to be used for single breath studies.
{"title":"A method of recording pulmonary ventilation.","authors":"J A Reynolds","doi":"10.1088/0022-3735/1/4/316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3735/1/4/316","url":null,"abstract":"By use of a simple chopper-disk and electronic circuitry a respiratory type gasmeter may be modified quite simply and provide permanent records on a chart recorder. Visual presentation of ventilation by means of a moving coil meter and electromagnetic counter is available when paper records are not required. Reset switches allow the instrument to be used for single breath studies.","PeriodicalId":16983,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Instruments","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1968-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1088/0022-3735/1/4/316","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"15405657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1968-04-01DOI: 10.1088/0022-3735/1/4/323
T G Dye, A Fursey, G O Lloyde, M Robson
A technique is described for stripping thin (25 A or less) oxide films from metals for electron microscopy. Plastic is used as a temporary support and a tartan carbon film is retained as a permanent support.
{"title":"Stripping thin oxide films from metals.","authors":"T G Dye, A Fursey, G O Lloyde, M Robson","doi":"10.1088/0022-3735/1/4/323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3735/1/4/323","url":null,"abstract":"A technique is described for stripping thin (25 A or less) oxide films from metals for electron microscopy. Plastic is used as a temporary support and a tartan carbon film is retained as a permanent support.","PeriodicalId":16983,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Instruments","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1968-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1088/0022-3735/1/4/323","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"16752787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1968-04-01DOI: 10.1088/0022-3735/1/4/428
G R Hunt, R K Vincent
{"title":"Modification to the Perkin-Elmer reflectance attachment for studying powders.","authors":"G R Hunt, R K Vincent","doi":"10.1088/0022-3735/1/4/428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3735/1/4/428","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16983,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Instruments","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1968-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1088/0022-3735/1/4/428","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"16752788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1968-04-01DOI: 10.1088/0022-3735/1/4/429
A Whitaker
{"title":"Shutter attachment for photographically aligning a Weissenberg camera.","authors":"A Whitaker","doi":"10.1088/0022-3735/1/4/429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3735/1/4/429","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16983,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Instruments","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1968-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1088/0022-3735/1/4/429","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"16752789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1968-04-01DOI: 10.1088/0022-3735/1/4/309
J D Eland, C J Danby
A simple photoelectron spectrometer employing a parallel-plate electrostatic energy analyser is described. Preliminary results showing good sensitivity down to a resolution of 25 mv are presented.
{"title":"A parallel-plate photoelectron spectrometer.","authors":"J D Eland, C J Danby","doi":"10.1088/0022-3735/1/4/309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3735/1/4/309","url":null,"abstract":"A simple photoelectron spectrometer employing a parallel-plate electrostatic energy analyser is described. Preliminary results showing good sensitivity down to a resolution of 25 mv are presented.","PeriodicalId":16983,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Instruments","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1968-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1088/0022-3735/1/4/309","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"16753174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1968-04-01DOI: 10.1088/0022-3735/1/4/315
S E Young, E H Grant
Two sets of bridge equipment which operate in the frequency ranges 1-17 kHz and 100 kHz-1 MHz, respectively, are described. The main emphasis is on the former for which a new detector was designed. The apparatus was used for measuring the capacitance and conductance of aqueous biological solutions. Several theoretical techniques for calculating the dielectric constant of the solution from these two parameters are discussed together with the relative merits of each method. The results obtained for glycine, diglycine, alanine and urea, none of which had been previously measured at these frequencies, are compared with the extrapolated values from previous work in the microwave region. In no case was an intermediate dispersion region indicated.
{"title":"Measurement of permittivity of some biological solutions at frequencies below 1MHz.","authors":"S E Young, E H Grant","doi":"10.1088/0022-3735/1/4/315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3735/1/4/315","url":null,"abstract":"Two sets of bridge equipment which operate in the frequency ranges 1-17 kHz and 100 kHz-1 MHz, respectively, are described. The main emphasis is on the former for which a new detector was designed. The apparatus was used for measuring the capacitance and conductance of aqueous biological solutions. Several theoretical techniques for calculating the dielectric constant of the solution from these two parameters are discussed together with the relative merits of each method. The results obtained for glycine, diglycine, alanine and urea, none of which had been previously measured at these frequencies, are compared with the extrapolated values from previous work in the microwave region. In no case was an intermediate dispersion region indicated.","PeriodicalId":16983,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Instruments","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1968-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1088/0022-3735/1/4/315","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"16753175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1968-04-01DOI: 10.1088/0022-3735/1/4/432
C J Wood
{"title":"A travelling microscope unit with semi-automatic digital output.","authors":"C J Wood","doi":"10.1088/0022-3735/1/4/432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3735/1/4/432","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16983,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Instruments","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1968-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1088/0022-3735/1/4/432","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"16752790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1968-03-01DOI: 10.1088/0022-3735/1/3/309
R B Cundall, G B Evans
A spectrofluorimeter is described which produces spectra free from all serious instrumental distortions and plots quanta per unit wave number against wave number. The correction system employed ensures reproducibility of measured intensities over periods of several weeks. An explanation of the operation of the instrument is given and some of its advantages over previously reported systems are indicated. Examples of performance are presented.
{"title":"A fully compensated versatile spectrofluorimeter.","authors":"R B Cundall, G B Evans","doi":"10.1088/0022-3735/1/3/309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3735/1/3/309","url":null,"abstract":"A spectrofluorimeter is described which produces spectra free from all serious instrumental distortions and plots quanta per unit wave number against wave number. The correction system employed ensures reproducibility of measured intensities over periods of several weeks. An explanation of the operation of the instrument is given and some of its advantages over previously reported systems are indicated. Examples of performance are presented.","PeriodicalId":16983,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Scientific Instruments","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1968-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1088/0022-3735/1/3/309","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"16727811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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